2025:
71:
2111:-Ils cesseront de l'être quand ils seront familiarisés avec la civilisation. Ils connaîtront alors de nouveaux besoins, de nouvelles jouissances. Le désir de les satisfaire leur ouvrira les yeux sur la nécessité du travail, auquel ils se livreront plus mollement peut-être à l'état de liberté qu'à celui d'esclavage, mais toujours plus efficacement que ces engagés qui nous arrivent d'Europe par cargaisons, et dont il se trouve à peine dix sur quarante capables de résister aux influences énervantes et souvent délétères de notre climat.
1922:
2037:
2091:-Sans doute, répondit M.Melvil, si cette émancipation, sagement calculée, et progressivement amenée, fournit des citoyens paisibles et non des malfaiteurs de plus à nos États du Sud, si vastes que, pour les peupler, nous recevons, sans leur demander aucune exhibition de papiers, tous les fugitifs, qu'ils soient poursuivis ou condamnés par la vangeance des souverains, ou la justice des tribunaux européens.
1815:
2122:-Without a doubt, responded Mr.Melvil, if this emancipation, wisely calculated, and brought about progressively, furnished peaceful citizens and not more wrong-doers to our Southern States, so vast are they that, to populate them, we receive, without asking any show of papers, all fugitives, whether they be condemned by revenge from their rulers, or from the law of European councils.
2138:-They shall not be any longer once they are familiarized with our civilization. They will become acquainted with new needs, and new enjoyments. The desire to satisfy them will open their eyes to the necessity of work, which perhaps shall bring them softly to the state of freedom rather than remaining in that of slavery, but more efficiently than these
2078:
High yields of the Creole plantations were partially obtained by better agricultural technology, but also by a more rational use of manual labor. The comparison of task completion rates between slave labor and paid labor proved that slave workers produced inferior quality work to paid employees. The
1937:
land tripled in price during the same period. Sugar prices still increased, but at a much lower rate than before. The profitability of other crops like coffee collapsed in 1770, causing many planters to go into debt. The planters of Saint
Domingue were eclipsed in their profits by enterprising
1976:). To counteract expensive slave labor, white indentured servants were imported. White indentured servants usually worked for five to seven years and their masters provided them housing, food, and clothing. Saint-Domingue gradually increased its reliance on indentured servants (known as
1569:
2079:
maintenance of expensive slave labor then could only be justified by the social status that they conferred upon the proprietary planter. The following passage is the conversation between two Creole planters on the emancipation of slaves:
2207:
engagés. The Irish workers died in horrific numbers, but the company tasked to complete the project had no trouble finding more men to take their place, as boatloads of poor Irish engagés continuously arrived in New
Orleans.
2325:
2024:
2372:. New Orleans: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana. pp. 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 21, 22, 33, 38, 108, 109, 110, 143, 173, 174, 235, 241, 242, 243, 252, 253, 254, 268.
2192:: "A white skin is no security whatsoever. I should no more dare to send white children out to play alone, especially at night ... than I should dare send them into a forest of tigers and hyenas."
2527:
1690:
2211:
No official count was kept of the deaths of the engagés; most historical best guesses fall between 8,000 to 20,000 engagé deaths. Many engagés were buried without a grave marker in the
1554:
1085:
2142:(indentured servants) who arrive from Europe in boatloads, and of whom barely ten out of forty are capable of surviving the vexatious and often deadly influences of our climate.
1439:
811:
548:
1175:
816:
2215:, and for others, their bodies were simply dumped into the roadway-fill beside the canal. On November 4, 1990, the Irish Cultural Society of New Orleans dedicated a large
1945:, French economists demonstrated that paid labor or indentured servitude were much more cost-effective than slave labor. In principle the widespread implementation of
508:
863:
2651:
1409:
2173:(Creole peasants) were sometimes abandoned and sold into slavery as whites slaves. One of the most famous contemporary stories of these children was that of
1559:
890:
2555:
2641:
2636:
1636:
388:
2504:
838:
1609:
1429:
602:
2601:
1767:
1933:
began eroding after the 1760s, the plantation economy of Saint-Domingue also began weakening. The price of slaves doubled between 1750 and 1780;
873:
291:
2086:-D'après ce que j'entends... on trouverait en vous, tout propriétaire d'esclaves que vous êtes, un chaud partisan de l'émancipation des noirs?
1451:
1128:
900:
1942:
1643:
1604:
1247:
1938:
businessmen; they no longer had a guarantee on their plantation investment, and the slave-trading economy came under increased scrutiny.
2626:
1685:
1322:
982:
833:
629:
538:
2010:
Despite signs of economic decline, Saint-Domingue continued to produce more sugar than all of the
British Caribbean islands combined.
1873:
1705:
1399:
1153:
2007:. Hundreds of Acadian refugees perished while forceably building a jungle military base for the French government in Saint-Domingue.
2182:
1527:
1404:
828:
597:
464:
1374:
70:
2299:
2063:), and immigrant indentured servitude to supply manual labor; they complimented paid labor with slave labor. On many plantations,
2631:
2591:
1818:
1658:
868:
853:
799:
484:
474:
469:
298:
154:
2596:
2200:
2019:
1953:
didn't want to change the labor system in his colonies, as slave labor was directly responsible for allowing France to surpass
1653:
1424:
230:
1564:
1123:
1111:
691:
503:
149:
2119:-From what I hear... we would find in you, as much of the slave holder that you are, a strong voice for black emancipation?
2621:
2611:
1695:
1478:
339:
2244:, an abandoned German girl born to engagé parents in Louisiana and sold into slavery; she lived as a slave for 25 years.
1700:
1544:
1414:
1075:
843:
823:
383:
351:
2199:
in 1831 involved almost exclusive use of indentured servitude and was one of
Louisiana's deadliest public projects. As
2656:
2606:
1760:
1710:
1434:
1352:
479:
260:
80:
1984:) and by 1789 about 6 percent of all white St. Dominicans were employed as labor on plantations along with slaves.
1881:
1619:
1471:
1456:
1347:
543:
213:
2616:
1996:
1715:
1614:
1145:
1133:
723:
696:
201:
2586:
1954:
1857:
1495:
1364:
917:
706:
191:
92:
2051:
had a markedly different pattern of slavery compared to other states in the
American South as a result of its
371:
2493:, p. 245. Note: Salomé Müller was noted as age four on the indenture agreement signed in 1818 in New Orleans.
2052:
1904:
1680:
1419:
1369:
1297:
1070:
848:
792:
775:
206:
32:
968:
2189:
1753:
1722:
1227:
880:
728:
452:
418:
413:
2004:
1589:
1444:
1357:
1342:
1024:
1012:
758:
743:
528:
303:
225:
2223:
in New Basin Canal Park to commemorate all of the Irish workers who perished constructing the canal.
2072:
2064:
1946:
1861:
1787:
1727:
1631:
1594:
1522:
1466:
1335:
1292:
1106:
1036:
711:
491:
393:
277:
184:
2646:
1215:
1195:
1080:
1065:
934:
905:
895:
785:
733:
701:
498:
356:
324:
319:
272:
129:
1921:
1461:
1307:
1282:
1272:
1237:
1232:
1200:
1165:
1158:
1099:
1092:
949:
768:
763:
753:
523:
376:
334:
329:
282:
250:
240:
177:
2106:-L'expérience a démontré que les nègres libres sont les ouvriers les plus paresseux de la terre.
398:
344:
2071:
toiled side-by-side with slaves. This multi-class state of affairs converted many minds to the
2196:
2041:
1549:
1267:
1262:
1205:
1190:
1170:
992:
987:
922:
885:
718:
684:
513:
366:
255:
134:
1949:
on plantations could have produced the same output as slave labor. However, the
Bourbon King
2519:
2185:
1934:
1916:
1892:
1849:
1739:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1277:
1242:
1210:
1180:
1053:
1041:
1019:
997:
944:
780:
748:
50:
2135:-Past experience has shown that freed slaves are some of the laziest workers in the world.
2036:
1969:
1838:
1648:
1539:
1534:
1287:
1257:
1252:
975:
939:
738:
656:
361:
107:
1925:
Slaves having a stick fight. A white engagé (indentured servant) is standing on the left.
2204:
2162:
became known as "Redemptioners" as they would "redeem" their freedom after some years.
1961:
1930:
1732:
1626:
518:
196:
159:
117:
2580:
2155:
2151:
1988:
1670:
1599:
1046:
1029:
804:
634:
624:
408:
58:
39:
2241:
2220:
2174:
1675:
1512:
1488:
1394:
1387:
1118:
646:
619:
582:
560:
447:
164:
144:
122:
112:
102:
97:
87:
1844:
927:
1868:
river and lake travel: maintenance, loading and unloading, propelling, steering,
2125:-But, objected the Creole, without slaves, what will become of our plantations?
2029:
1814:
1803:
1517:
1505:
858:
661:
651:
609:
423:
28:
16:
Indentured servitude in certain French territories during the 18th-19th century
2556:"A call to remember 8,000 Irish who died while building the New Orleans Canal"
2523:
1973:
1822:
1795:
1791:
1665:
962:
666:
533:
20:
1900:. Engagé were people who were brought to New France by France to work there.
2048:
1950:
1886:
1799:
910:
575:
437:
24:
2288:(1st ed.). United States of America: Windsor Publications. p. 19.
592:
2096:-Mais, objecta le créole, sans esclaves que deviendraient nos plantations?
2216:
1865:
1500:
1058:
1002:
954:
614:
459:
314:
220:
2326:""A bondage so harsh": Acadian labor in the French Caribbean, 1763-1766"
2060:
2044:
where between 8,000 to 20,000 Irish engagés (indentured servants) died.
1992:
1877:
1869:
1483:
565:
245:
62:
2462:
La Verite Sur L'Esclavage Et L'Union Aux Etats-Unis, Par Emile
Lefranc
2418:
Crisis Cities: Disaster and
Redevelopment in New York and New Orleans
2068:
2000:
1897:
1185:
1007:
587:
570:
432:
267:
235:
1941:
Along with the establishment of a French abolitionist movement, the
2212:
2035:
2023:
1920:
1853:
1813:
442:
428:
403:
2203:
was judged too valuable to be used, most of the work was done by
309:
139:
1964:(some 7,333 grams (258.7 oz) of silver, valued at roughly
1960:
Slaves, however, became expensive, each one costing around 300
1903:
By the 19th century the term came to refer to employees of the
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2055:
heritage. The scarcity of slaves made Creole planters turn to
2370:
The Road to
Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792-1809
1876:, etc. The term was also applied to the men who staffed the
2352:
Cajuns and Their
Acadian Ancestors: A Young Reader's History
2273:. New Orleans: The Collection. pp. 32, 33, 55, 56, 58.
2363:
2361:
2181:
who was sold into slavery on a sugar cane plantation. The
2158:
were commonly sold as "white slaves" in Louisiana. German
1864:. He was expected to handle all transportation aspects of
2101:-Les affranchis les cultiveraient moyennant un salaire.
1987:
Many of the indentured servants in Saint-Domingue were
1884:. Their role can be contrasted with the free, licensed
2354:. New Orleans: Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 24.
1440:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
2400:Louisiana Culture from the Colonial Era to Katrina
2286:Mobile the life and times of a great Southern city
1555:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
31:from the 18th-19th century. For other uses, see
2549:
2547:
2117:
2081:
2411:
2409:
19:This article is about indentured servitude in
1825:with a group of engagés (indentured servants)
1761:
8:
1911:White indentured servitude in Saint-Domingue
1872:, camp set-up, navigation, interaction with
1560:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
2477:The Past as Prelude: New Orleans, 1718-1968
2416:Kevin Fox Gotham, Miriam Greenberg (2014).
2368:Carl A. Brasseaux, Glenn R. Conrad (1992).
2082:
2284:Melton McLaurin, Michael Thomason (1981).
1768:
1754:
45:
2503:Wilson, Carol; Wilson, Calvin D. (1998).
2269:Historic New Orleans Collection (2006).
1565:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1430:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1410:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
2420:. Oxford University Press. p. 166.
2254:
2132:(freedmen) shall farm and earn a wage.
2014:White indentured servitude in Louisiana
57:
2554:Mary Helen Lagasse (7 November 2013).
2435:. Oxford University Press. p. 16.
2271:Common Routes: St. Domingue, Louisiana
1837:
1452:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1129:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
2652:Indentured servitude in the Americas
2505:"White Slavery: An American Paradox"
2449:. 1899. pp. 900, 901, 902, 903.
1644:Slave marriages in the United States
1248:Human trafficking in the Middle East
983:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
2324:Christopher Hodson (Spring 2007).
1806:from the 18th and 19th centuries.
1637:last survivors of American slavery
14:
2642:American people of French descent
2637:American people of Creole descent
2479:. Pelican Publishing. p. 37.
598:Field slaves in the United States
465:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
475:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
470:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
299:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
69:
2533:from the original on 2021-04-21
2300:"Atlantic Indentured Servitude"
2188:wrote in 1853 to his colleague
2020:History of slavery in Louisiana
1425:Committee of Experts on Slavery
976:East, Southeast, and South Asia
2602:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean
1124:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
2383:Pauline Guyot Lebrun (1861).
1819:Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye
2447:Le correspondant, Volume 195
1415:Temporary Slavery Commission
1076:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
1890:, the independent merchant
1435:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
480:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
2673:
2627:People from Saint-Domingue
2238:The Lost German Slave Girl
2146:Creoles often referred to
2028:White slave children from
2017:
1943:Société des amis des Noirs
1914:
1882:Lewis and Clark Expedition
1829:From the 18th century, an
1620:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1457:Anti-Slavery International
1222:North Africa and West Asia
37:
18:
2524:10.1080/01440399808575226
2385:Trois mois à la Louisiane
2350:Shane K. Bernard (2010).
2177:, the daughter of German
1929:As the social systems of
1716:Emancipation Proclamation
1388:Opposition and resistance
1146:Sex trafficking in Europe
1134:Blackbirding in Polynesia
697:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2433:Aventuriers et corsaires
2402:. LSU Press. p. 68.
2195:The construction of the
2083:
1496:Compensated emancipation
707:Indian Ocean slave trade
2632:Louisiana Creole people
2592:French-American history
1997:deported by the British
1896:, as well as seafaring
1420:1926 Slavery Convention
1176:Germany in World War II
793:North and South America
315:Contract of manumission
2597:Ethnic groups in Haiti
2460:Emile Lefranc (1861).
2330:Early American Studies
2190:William Lloyd Garrison
2144:
2116:
2045:
2033:
1926:
1826:
901:British Virgin Islands
453:Circassian slave trade
419:Safavid imperial harem
414:Ottoman Imperial Harem
2512:Slavery and Abolition
2304:Oxford Bibliographies
2240:(2003), the story of
2039:
2027:
2018:Further information:
2005:French and Indian War
1924:
1915:Further information:
1817:
1140:Europe and North Asia
1100:Australia and Oceania
800:Pre-Columbian America
372:Slave raid of Suðuroy
304:Slavery in al-Andalus
226:Black Sea slave trade
155:21st-century jihadism
38:Further information:
2622:Slavery in Louisiana
2612:Obsolete occupations
2560:www.irishcentral.com
2431:Xavier Eyma (1861).
2073:abolition of slavery
2065:free people of color
1947:indentured servitude
1907:of any nationality.
1905:Hudson's Bay Company
1788:indentured servitude
1595:Indentured servitude
1523:Underground Railroad
1323:United Arab Emirates
712:Zanzibar slave trade
679:By country or region
492:Atlantic slave trade
394:Ma malakat aymanukum
278:Venetian slave trade
1681:Slave Route Project
812:Americas indigenous
702:Red Sea slave trade
692:Contemporary Africa
555:Topics and practice
325:Crimean slave trade
320:Bukhara slave trade
273:Genoese slave trade
150:Contemporary Africa
130:Forced prostitution
2657:North West Company
2607:Marine occupations
2475:H. Carter (1968).
2398:John Lowe (2008).
2387:. pp. 74, 75.
2154:", and especially
2046:
2034:
1968:with the mid-2023
1927:
1862:indentured servant
1827:
1462:Blockade of Africa
769:Somali slave trade
685:Sub-Saharan Africa
377:Turkish Abductions
335:Khivan slave trade
330:Khazar slave trade
283:Balkan slave trade
241:Prague slave trade
2491:Lost German Slave
2197:New Orleans Canal
2042:New Orleans Canal
1893:coureurs des bois
1874:Indigenous people
1810:Engagés in Canada
1802:, and the French
1778:
1777:
1728:Freedmen's Bureau
1550:Third Servile War
1545:International law
1112:Human trafficking
874:Human trafficking
549:Thirteen colonies
367:Sack of Baltimore
135:Human trafficking
27:, and the French
2664:
2617:Slavery in Haiti
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2186:Parker Pillsbury
2171:petits habitants
2165:The children of
2057:petits habitants
2053:Louisiana Creole
1978:petits blanchets
1967:
1917:Slavery in Haiti
1852:man employed to
1841:
1839:[ɑ̃ɡaʒe]
1836:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1740:Emancipation Day
1573:
1540:Slave Trade Acts
231:Byzantine Empire
73:
46:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2587:Acadian history
2577:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2488:
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2459:
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2415:
2414:
2407:
2397:
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2349:
2348:
2344:
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2318:
2308:
2306:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2251:
2234:
2229:
2115:
2114:
2022:
2016:
1970:price of silver
1965:
1962:Spanish dollars
1919:
1913:
1850:French-Canadian
1842:; also spelled
1834:
1812:
1774:
1745:
1744:
1649:Slave narrative
1605:Fugitive slaves
1585:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1535:Slave rebellion
1390:
1380:
1379:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1150:United Kingdom
1086:Yankee princess
680:
672:
671:
399:Avret Pazarları
345:Avret Pazarları
214:Medieval Europe
180:
170:
169:
108:Forced marriage
83:
42:
36:
23:, the state of
17:
12:
11:
5:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2543:
2495:
2482:
2467:
2452:
2438:
2423:
2405:
2390:
2375:
2357:
2342:
2316:
2291:
2276:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2015:
2012:
1931:Saint-Domingue
1912:
1909:
1811:
1808:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1627:List of slaves
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
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1171:Dutch Republic
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673:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
630:Child soldiers
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
606:
605:
595:
590:
585:
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
557:
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
539:Spanish Empire
536:
531:
526:
521:
519:Middle Passage
516:
511:
506:
501:
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494:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
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401:
396:
391:
381:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
349:
348:
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340:Ottoman Empire
337:
332:
327:
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317:
312:
307:
301:
295:
294:
288:
287:
286:
285:
275:
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258:
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210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
187:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
160:Sexual slavery
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
126:
125:
120:
118:Child marriage
115:
105:
100:
95:
93:Child soldiers
90:
84:
79:
78:
75:
74:
66:
65:
55:
54:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2669:
2658:
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2517:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2464:. p. 60.
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2209:
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2038:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1935:St. Dominican
1932:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1908:
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1901:
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1682:
1679:
1677:
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1672:
1671:Slave catcher
1669:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
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1625:
1621:
1618:
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1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Forced labour
1598:
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1470:
1468:
1465:
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1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:Abolitionists
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
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1221:
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1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
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1125:
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1120:
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1108:
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1101:
1098:
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1094:
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1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:comfort women
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:Chukri System
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
919:
918:Latin America
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
875:
872:
870:
869:interregional
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:prison labour
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:United States
822:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
713:
710:
709:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
682:
676:
675:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
639:
636:
635:White slavery
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Slave raiding
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
594:
593:Corvée labour
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
489:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Abbasid harem
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
352:Barbary Coast
350:
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
289:
284:
281:
280:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
174:
173:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
82:
77:
76:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:Forced labour
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:White slavery
34:
30:
26:
22:
2563:. Retrieved
2559:
2535:. Retrieved
2515:
2511:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2476:
2470:
2461:
2455:
2446:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2417:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2351:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2242:Sally Miller
2237:
2221:Celtic cross
2210:
2194:
2183:abolitionist
2178:
2175:Sally Miller
2170:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2152:white slaves
2147:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2056:
2047:
2009:
1991:settlers or
1986:
1981:
1977:
1959:
1940:
1928:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1843:
1830:
1828:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1676:Slave patrol
1513:Freedom suit
1489:Sierra Leone
1479:Colonization
1395:Abolitionism
1375:Baháʼí Faith
1348:Christianity
1298:Saudi Arabia
1154:Penal Labour
1119:Blackbirding
1025:Debt bondage
1013:penal system
839:Contemporary
829:Field slaves
817:U.S. Natives
776:South Africa
647:Galley slave
620:Slave market
610:House slaves
583:Blackbirding
561:Conscription
485:21st century
448:Umm al-walad
292:Muslim world
261:Emancipation
165:Wage slavery
145:Penal labour
123:Wife selling
113:Bride buying
98:Conscription
88:Child Labour
81:Contemporary
43:
2565:November 8,
2518:(1): 1–23.
2201:slave labor
2030:New Orleans
2003:during the
1972:- ignoring
1804:West Indies
1790:existed in
1691:court cases
1568: [
1518:Slave Power
1506:Manumission
1353:Catholicism
1228:Afghanistan
969:Puerto Rico
881:The Bahamas
859:Slave codes
662:Shanghaiing
652:Impressment
544:Slave Coast
424:Qajar harem
384:Concubinage
357:slave trade
29:West Indies
2647:New France
2581:Categories
2537:2021-04-20
2309:4 November
2249:References
2232:Literature
2130:affranchis
1974:seignorage
1957:in trade.
1823:New France
1796:U.S. state
1792:New France
1786:system of
1706:J.Q. Adams
1696:Washington
1666:Slave name
1615:convention
1590:Common law
963:Encomienda
759:Seychelles
744:Mauritania
667:Slave ship
534:Panyarring
529:New France
178:Historical
21:New France
2335:8 October
2049:Louisiana
1999:from old
1995:refugees
1966:US$ 5,900
1951:Louis XVI
1887:voyageurs
1870:portaging
1858:fur trade
1800:Louisiana
1701:Jefferson
1358:Mormonism
1293:Palestine
1107:Australia
1037:Indonesia
928:Lei Áurea
911:Code Noir
891:Caribbean
864:Treatment
603:Treatment
576:Devshirme
438:Odalisque
256:In Russia
197:Babylonia
185:Antiquity
25:Louisiana
2528:Archived
2489:Bailey,
2227:In media
2217:Kilkenny
2061:peasants
2059:(Creole
1878:pirogues
1866:frontier
1848:) was a
1733:Iron bit
1723:40 acres
1686:breeding
1501:Freedman
1336:Religion
1196:Portugal
1081:Thailand
1071:Maldives
1066:Malaysia
1059:Kwalliso
1003:Booi Aha
955:Restavek
935:Colombia
906:Trinidad
896:Barbados
786:Zanzibar
734:Ethiopia
615:Saqaliba
509:Database
460:Saqaliba
221:Ancillae
51:a series
49:Part of
2219:marble
2179:engagés
2167:engagés
2160:engagés
2156:Germans
2148:engagés
2140:engagés
1993:Acadian
1982:engagés
1955:Britain
1898:sailors
1880:on the
1856:in the
1845:engagee
1835:French:
1711:Lincoln
1584:Related
1484:Liberia
1370:Judaism
1308:Tunisia
1283:Morocco
1273:Lebanon
1238:Bahrain
1233:Algeria
1201:Romania
1166:Denmark
1159:Slavery
1093:Vietnam
764:Somalia
754:Nigeria
729:Comoros
657:Pirates
566:Ghilman
499:Bristol
389:history
362:pirates
251:History
140:Peonage
63:slavery
2069:whites
2001:Acadia
1989:German
1860:as an
1831:engagé
1794:, the
1783:engagé
1632:owners
1268:Kuwait
1263:Jordan
1216:Sweden
1206:Russia
1191:Poland
1186:Norway
1008:Laogai
993:Brunei
988:Bhutan
950:revolt
923:Brazil
886:Canada
849:partus
834:female
719:Angola
588:Coolie
571:Mamluk
524:Nantes
504:Brazil
433:Cariye
268:Thrall
236:Kholop
202:Greece
33:Engage
2531:(PDF)
2508:(PDF)
2213:levee
2205:Irish
2128:-The
1854:canoe
1659:songs
1654:films
1572:]
1528:songs
1365:Islam
1343:Bible
1318:Yemen
1313:Qatar
1303:Syria
1278:Libya
1243:Egypt
1211:Spain
1181:Malta
1054:Korea
1042:Japan
1020:India
998:China
945:Haiti
805:Aztec
781:Sudan
749:Niger
641:Naval
514:Dutch
443:Qiyan
429:Jarya
404:Harem
246:Serfs
192:Egypt
2567:2022
2337:2021
2311:2022
2150:as "
2067:and
2040:The
1780:The
1610:laws
1472:U.S.
1467:U.K.
1405:U.S.
1400:U.K.
1288:Oman
1258:Iraq
1253:Iran
940:Cuba
844:maps
739:Mali
724:Chad
310:Baqt
207:Rome
103:Debt
61:and
2520:doi
2169:or
1980:or
1821:of
1798:of
2583::
2558:.
2546:^
2526:.
2516:19
2514:.
2510:.
2408:^
2360:^
2328:.
2302:.
2257:^
2075:.
1570:fa
53:on
2569:.
2540:.
2522::
2339:.
2313:.
2032:.
1833:(
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
965:)
961:(
431:/
306:
35:.
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