27:
341:" (Full Authority Digital Engine Controls). This kind of electronic control is less common in piston-engined light fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters than in automobiles. This is due to the common configuration of a
328:
engines to control their fuel system (a closed-loop carburetor) and ignition system. By 1988, Delco
Electronics was the leading producer of engine management systems, producing over 28,000 ECUs per day.
709:
642:
270:
fighter aircraft. This device replaced the 6 controls used to initiate hard acceleration with one control, however the system could cause surging and stalling problems.
458:
250:
One of the earliest attempts to use such a unitized and automated device to manage multiple engine control functions simultaneously was the created by
702:
1277:
619:
517:
69:
The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs function by
337:
Such systems are used for many internal combustion engines in other applications. In aeronautical applications, the systems are known as "
695:
586:
1216:
137:
26:
650:
1381:
1366:
677:
894:
238:(an experimental design not currently used in any production vehicles), the ECU has continuous control of when each of the
1191:
279:
775:
203:
126:
1391:
1386:
1376:
718:
142:
55:
1327:
1241:
1186:
1138:
1046:
383:
1322:
1163:
872:
182:
1097:
208:
1371:
919:
100:
404:
1036:
877:
235:
110:
1031:
803:
377:
362:
20:
1181:
809:
114:
104:
70:
1102:
899:
463:
372:
367:
306:
283:
187:
904:
844:
795:
615:
513:
484:
317:
267:
594:
1196:
1153:
1112:
1061:
1026:
947:
934:
346:
171:
1307:
1018:
867:
824:
287:
147:
91:
63:
1173:
1143:
998:
765:
167:
153:
85:
59:
31:
558:
1360:
1345:
1236:
1229:
1206:
1051:
983:
978:
942:
859:
799:
760:
750:
263:
177:
962:
957:
924:
829:
819:
755:
739:
533:
239:
609:
1340:
1224:
1041:
993:
952:
909:
839:
228:
213:
1312:
1272:
1251:
1246:
1148:
1133:
1056:
988:
914:
854:
785:
350:
342:
157:
96:
687:
16:
Computer that adjusts electronics in an internal combustion propulsion system
1267:
1008:
1003:
790:
770:
429:
321:
218:
663:
Delco
Electronics Electron Magazine, The Atwood Legacy, Spring '89, page 25
313:
fuel injection system, to which control of the ignition system was added.
1290:
1286:
1158:
889:
814:
780:
302:
291:
222:
131:
1317:
1201:
295:
259:
485:"How Proportional Valve Control Module control the oil flow direction"
1128:
1107:
884:
834:
227:
Theft prevention by blocking ignition, in response to input from an
58:
in a single unit. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the
459:"WHAT'S NEXT; A Chip-Based Challenge to a Car's Spinning Camshaft"
338:
325:
25:
1282:
691:
729:
349:
system that does not require electrical power generated by an
251:
512:. Cambridge, England: Patrick Stephens Limited. p. 26.
298:
TLCS-12 microprocessor, went into mass production in 1975.
587:"25 years of Bosch Motronic: Think tank under the bonnet"
294:(Electronic Engine Control) system, which utilized the
559:"1973: 12-bit engine-control microprocessor (Toshiba)"
54:), is a device which controls multiple systems of an
1300:
1260:
1215:
1172:
1121:
1088:
1070:
1017:
971:
933:
853:
738:
643:"GM Emission Control Project Center - I Was There"
301:The first Bosch engine management system was the
353:to run, which is considered a safety advantage.
674:Pilot's Encyclopedia of Aeronautical Knowledge
703:
534:"Trends in the Semiconductor Industry: 1970s"
81:The main functions of the ECU are typically:
8:
710:
696:
688:
611:Bosch Fuel Injection and Engine Management
776:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
430:"Toyota Prius - Engine Control Systems"
396:
309:This system was based on the existing
566:Semiconductor History Museum of Japan
538:Semiconductor History Museum of Japan
121:The sensors used by the ECU include:
7:
305:, which was introduced in the 1979
510:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
405:"How an Automotive Computer Works"
290:used for controlling engines. The
14:
127:accelerator pedal position sensor
99:control (typically either via an
614:. Robert Bentley, Incorporated.
878:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
678:Federal Aviation Administration
608:Probst, C. (27 November 1989).
1:
280:Japanese electronics industry
242:are opened and by how much.
1408:
719:Internal combustion engine
457:Austen, Ian (2003-08-21).
143:crankshaft position sensor
138:coolant temperature sensor
56:internal combustion engine
18:
1336:
1187:Diesel particulate filter
1139:Idle air control actuator
1080:Engine control unit (ECU)
725:
384:Powertrain control module
333:Usage in aircraft engines
240:intake and exhaust valves
199:Other functions include:
1252:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1164:Throttle position sensor
873:Overhead camshaft layout
647:www.gmheritagecenter.com
320:ECU was used by several
278:In the early 1970s, the
183:throttle position sensor
791:Core plug (freeze plug)
274:Usage in motor vehicles
209:Fuel pressure regulator
1382:Fuel injection systems
1367:Engine control systems
508:Gunston, Bill (1989).
178:oxygen (lambda) sensor
163:intake air temperature
101:idle air control valve
35:
34:vehicles built in 1996
236:camless piston engine
111:Variable valve timing
48:engine control module
29:
1032:Compression ignition
378:On-board diagnostics
363:Air-fuel ratio meter
268:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 V5
21:ECU (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
1182:Catalytic converter
437:www.autoshop101.com
284:integrated circuits
258:system used by the
115:variable valve lift
105:electronic throttle
71:digital electronics
40:engine control unit
1308:Knocking / pinging
900:Combustion chamber
464:The New York Times
373:List of auto parts
368:Check engine light
307:BMW 7 Series (E23)
266:which powered the
188:wheel speed sensor
46:), also called an
36:
30:Delco ECU used in
1392:Onboard computers
1387:Engine components
1377:Engine technology
1354:
1353:
1323:Stratified charge
1090:Electrical system
1072:Engine management
905:Compression ratio
845:Starter ring gear
744:rotating assembly
621:978-0-8376-0300-1
519:978-1-85260-163-8
318:Delco Electronics
156:pressure sensor (
1399:
1197:Exhaust manifold
1062:Spark plug wires
948:Boost controller
935:Forced induction
712:
705:
698:
689:
682:
681:
670:
664:
661:
655:
654:
649:. Archived from
639:
633:
632:
630:
628:
605:
599:
598:
597:on 23 June 2006.
593:. Archived from
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
563:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
530:
524:
523:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
481:
475:
474:
472:
471:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
434:
426:
420:
419:
417:
415:
409:www.2carpros.com
401:
347:magneto ignition
288:microcontrollers
282:began producing
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1332:
1328:Top dead centre
1296:
1256:
1211:
1168:
1117:
1091:
1084:
1073:
1066:
1013:
967:
929:
885:Tappet / lifter
868:Flathead layout
858:
849:
743:
734:
721:
716:
686:
685:
672:
671:
667:
662:
658:
653:on 3 July 2017.
641:
640:
636:
626:
624:
622:
607:
606:
602:
585:
584:
580:
570:
568:
561:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
532:
531:
527:
520:
507:
506:
502:
493:
491:
489:www.genndih.com
483:
482:
478:
469:
467:
456:
455:
451:
441:
439:
432:
428:
427:
423:
413:
411:
403:
402:
398:
393:
359:
335:
276:
248:
197:
192:
134:position sensor
92:Ignition system
79:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1217:Cooling system
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1174:Exhaust system
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Inlet manifold
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
999:Fuel injection
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
939:
937:
931:
930:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
880:
875:
870:
864:
862:
851:
850:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Connecting rod
763:
758:
753:
747:
745:
736:
735:
726:
723:
722:
717:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
684:
683:
665:
656:
634:
620:
600:
578:
550:
525:
518:
500:
476:
449:
421:
395:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
381:
375:
370:
365:
358:
355:
345:engine with a
334:
331:
311:Bosch Jetronic
275:
272:
247:
244:
232:
231:
225:
216:
211:
206:
204:Launch control
196:
193:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
168:mass flow rate
164:
161:
154:inlet manifold
151:
145:
140:
135:
129:
123:
119:
118:
108:
94:
89:
86:Fuel injection
78:
75:
60:fuel injection
32:General Motors
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Power control
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:Water cooling
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1207:Oxygen sensor
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:Intake system
1120:
1114:
1113:Starter motor
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Ignition coil
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Petrol engine
982:
980:
979:Diesel engine
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:Blowoff valve
941:
940:
938:
936:
932:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
861:
860:Cylinder head
856:
852:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
751:Balance shaft
749:
748:
746:
741:
737:
733:
731:
724:
720:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
693:
690:
679:
675:
669:
666:
660:
657:
652:
648:
644:
638:
635:
623:
617:
613:
612:
604:
601:
596:
592:
591:www.bosch.com
588:
582:
579:
567:
560:
554:
551:
539:
535:
529:
526:
521:
515:
511:
504:
501:
490:
486:
480:
477:
466:
465:
460:
453:
450:
438:
431:
425:
422:
410:
406:
400:
397:
390:
385:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
330:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
271:
269:
265:
264:radial engine
261:
257:
256:Kommandogerät
253:
246:Early systems
245:
243:
241:
237:
230:
226:
224:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
194:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
95:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
82:
76:
74:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
28:
22:
1237:Electric fan
1079:
1037:Coil-on-plug
963:Turbocharger
958:Supercharger
830:Main bearing
820:Firing order
810:Displacement
756:Block heater
740:Engine block
728:Part of the
727:
673:
668:
659:
651:the original
646:
637:
625:. Retrieved
610:
603:
595:the original
590:
581:
569:. Retrieved
565:
553:
541:. Retrieved
537:
528:
509:
503:
492:. Retrieved
488:
479:
468:. Retrieved
462:
452:
440:. Retrieved
436:
424:
412:. Retrieved
408:
399:
336:
315:
310:
303:Motronic 1.0
300:
277:
262:14-cylinder
255:
249:
233:
221:control and
198:
120:
80:
68:
51:
47:
43:
39:
37:
1261:Lubrication
1225:Air cooling
1042:Distributor
994:Fuel filter
972:Fuel system
953:Intercooler
920:Timing belt
910:Head gasket
840:Piston ring
316:In 1981, a
229:immobiliser
214:Rev limiter
166:intake air
1361:Categories
1313:Power band
1273:Oil filter
1247:Thermostat
1192:EGT sensor
1154:MAF sensor
1149:MAP sensor
1134:Air filter
1098:Alternator
1057:Spark plug
989:Carburetor
915:Rocker arm
855:Valvetrain
786:Crankshaft
730:Automobile
494:2023-06-03
470:2009-01-16
391:References
351:alternator
343:carbureted
172:MAF sensor
158:MAP sensor
97:Idle speed
1047:Glow plug
1009:Fuel tank
1004:Fuel pump
771:Crankcase
322:Chevrolet
219:Wastegate
195:Secondary
77:Functions
66:systems.
1346:Category
1291:Dry sump
1287:Wet sump
1278:Oil pump
1242:Radiator
1159:Throttle
1019:Ignition
890:Camshaft
815:Flywheel
796:Cylinder
781:Crankpin
357:See also
292:Ford EEC
254:in 1939
223:anti-lag
170:sensor (
132:camshaft
64:ignition
1318:Redline
1202:Muffler
1103:Battery
1027:Magneto
571:27 June
543:27 June
296:Toshiba
260:BMW 801
150:sensors
117:systems
113:and/or
107:system)
103:or the
1341:Portal
1129:Airbox
1108:Dynamo
835:Piston
825:Stroke
804:layout
732:series
627:13 May
618:
516:
442:14 May
414:14 May
339:FADECs
88:system
1301:Other
925:Valve
895:Chest
562:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
386:(PCM)
380:(OBD)
326:Buick
234:In a
148:knock
1283:Sump
800:bank
761:Bore
629:2023
616:ISBN
573:2019
545:2019
514:ISBN
444:2023
416:2023
324:and
286:and
62:and
1268:Oil
857:and
742:and
252:BMW
52:ECM
44:ECU
38:An
1363::
1289:,
802:,
676:.
645:.
589:.
564:.
536:.
487:.
461:.
435:.
407:.
73:.
1293:)
1285:(
806:)
798:(
711:e
704:t
697:v
680:.
631:.
575:.
547:.
522:.
497:.
473:.
446:.
418:.
174:)
160:)
50:(
42:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
