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Two radiocarbon dates are available for Engis 2. However, the earlier result of 26,820 ± 340 radiocarbon years before present (BP) was considered to be too young by the authors and likely to be a result of contamination, so has been discarded. The more accurate date is 30,460 ± 210 radiocarbon years
287:
In 1986, cut marks were found on the top of the skull of Engis 2, which were later identified as to be preparation damage " formed during restoration of the vault, moulding striae formed when mold part lines were incised into the fossil and profiling striae formed when craniograms were made with
252:
of the 19th and early 20th century considered all hominid fossils as belonging to representatives of early "races" of modern man. Hence it was incorrectly believed that the modern man's skull Engis 1 must be related to the child's skull Engis 2.
149:, whence the name of this group. In 1833 Schmerling described and publicized the find, which included animal bones and stone tools. Recognizing their old age, he associated them with the "Ethiopian Type" of the
204:
as a species name was introduced to the public, yet without a thorough diagnosis and without a precise description of the species-specific characteristics. As a result, any criteria by which a fossil of the
673:"The Engis 2 Neanderthal child - it is now thought to be about 70 thousand years old), and this illustration was published by Charles Lyell in 1863, in his Antiquity of Man"
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unearthed in 1856 as belonging within the range of variations of modern man. Additionally, the skull of an infant
Neanderthal and an equally old child of
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Originally misclassified as "modern", the fossil received little attention after its publication in the 19th century as it was compared to
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1 - skull in profile, 2 - frontal view, 3 - upper incisor, 4 - upper jaw fragment, 5 - maxillary bone, 6 - fragment of lower jaw
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153:. Although it was not recognized as such until 1936, the publication represents the first scientific description of a
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619:"Direct Radiocarbon Dating of Late Pleistocene Hominids in Eurasia: Current Status, Problems, and Perspectives"
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236:, saw in the 1863 findings of the Engis cave a "man of low degree of civilization" and also interpreted the
870:
Russell, MD; LeMort, F (1986). "Cutmarks on the Engis 2 calvaria? - Mary D. Russell and Françoise LeMort".
557:"Hominids and hybrids: The place of Neanderthals in human evolution Ian Tattersall and Jeffrey H. Schwartz"
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was primarily based on anatomical and chronological comparisons as Engis 2 was recovered in the context of
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modern humans are of far greater resemblance than their respective adult skulls. The vast majority of the
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BP, which corresponds to 34,590–36,110 years BP after calibration. The assignment of Engis 2 to
771:
The Human
Lineage by Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith - Chapter 7 - Talking Apes - The Neanderthals
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discovered in 1872 is unclear; it has to date not been associated with a specific
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White, TD; Toth, N (1989). "Engis: preparation damage, not ancient cutmarks".
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Neanderthal fossil discovered in the early 19th-century in modern day
Belgium
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Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature by Thomas Henry Huxley - chapter 3
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Russell, MD; LeMort, F (1986). "Cutmarks on the Engis 2 calvaria?".
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123:(cranium) and associated fragments of an upper and a lower jaw, a
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sharp steel instrument tips." The findings are preserved at the
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Engis 2 - The
Smithsonian Institution - Human Origins Program
805:
Wiley-Blackwell
Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set
451:
Wiley-Blackwell
Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set
119:. The pieces that make up Engis 2 are a partially preserved
111:, discovered in 1829 by Dutch physician and naturalist
369:. Smithsonian Institution. 2010-03-02. Archived from
393:"Engis 3 - individuum Engis 2 - Public NESPOS Space"
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could be classified into and distinguished from the
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184:- the almost perfectly preserved skull of an adult
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617:Kuzmin, Yaroslav V; Keates, Susan G (2014-01-07).
920:Science/AAAS - Background - The Neandertal Genome
839:The Human Lineage by Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith
300:have gone missing. The evolutionary origin of an
283:Condition of the bones and associated assemblages
564:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
290:Collections de Paléontologie Animale et Humaine
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836:Cartmill, Matt; Smith, Fred H. (2009-03-30).
768:Cartmill, Matt; Smith, Fred H. (2011-09-20).
8:
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194:had published the 10th edition of his work
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417:History of Physical Anthropology, Volume 1
221:did not exist in the early 19th century.
25:
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1632:19th century in the Southern Netherlands
555:Tattersall, I.; Schwartz, J. H. (1999).
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536:. Project Gutenberg. November 2001
14:
675:. Dr. Jack Cuozzo. Archived from
131:tooth of a two to three year old
907:
1637:1829 archaeological discoveries
487:. Biodiversity Heritage Library
330:List of human evolution fossils
304:(forearm bone) fragment called
139:are situated just north of the
1:
59:
1099:Southwest Asian Neanderthals
802:Wood, Bernard (2011-03-31).
484:Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ
448:Wood, Bernard (2011-03-31).
296:. The bone fragments called
113:Philippe-Charles Schmerling
97:Philippe-Charles Schmerling
1658:
1489:Neanderthal genome project
1494:In Search of Lost Genomes
1133:Intermediate (250–130 ka)
348:Neanderthals of Gibraltar
24:
1582:The Neanderthal Parallax
1218:Krapina Neanderthal site
1178:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1
257:Reclassification and Age
31:Lateral view of juvenile
1627:1829 in the Netherlands
884:10.1002/ajpa.1330690304
747:10.1002/ajpa.1330780305
712:10.1002/ajpa.1330690304
585:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7117
414:Spencer, Frank (1997).
242:Kleine Feldhofer Grotte
176:Early Misclassification
1642:Archaeology of Belgium
1094:Gibraltar Neanderthals
172:
1002:Homo neanderthalensis
679:on September 28, 2015
325:(with link directory)
265:Homo neanderthalensis
163:
107:refers to part of an
1428:Contemporary species
1355:Fossils with claimed
1203:Saccopastore 1 and 2
996:Homo heidelbergensis
916:at Wikimedia Commons
322:List of fossil sites
115:in the lower of the
1622:Neanderthal fossils
1600:Prehistoric Autopsy
1545:The Ugly Little Boy
1532:The Neanderthal Man
1140:Saccopastore skulls
1078:Levallois technique
872:Am J Phys Anthropol
735:Am J Phys Anthropol
700:Am J Phys Anthropol
635:2014Radcb..56..753K
576:1999PNAS...96.7117T
294:University of Liège
226:Thomas Henry Huxley
58:35,350 years (aged
21:
1556:Dance of the Tiger
1550:Neanderthal Planet
1515:The Quest for Fire
1484:Neanderthal Museum
1366:H. heidelbergensis
1357:Neanderthal traits
173:
1609:
1608:
1448:Homo floresiensis
1423:
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1188:La Quina 5 and 18
1109:Notable specimens
1087:Regional variants
912:Media related to
570:(13): 7117–7119.
228:, a supporter of
102:
101:
1649:
1563:Earth's Children
1479:Excavation sites
1375:Bontnewydd tooth
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1276:range (50–40 ka)
1117:Archaic (430 ka)
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117:Schmerling Caves
67:Place discovered
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1327:Saint-CĂ©saire 1
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240:fossils of the
196:Systema Naturae
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151:diluvial period
85:Date discovered
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849:9780471214915
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377:September 27,
373:on 2013-10-08
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343:Neanderthal 1
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333:(with images)
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1436:Homo erectus
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1401:Homo sapiens
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1337:Fontéchevade
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1223:Shanidar 1-4
1213:Mt. Circeo 1
1208:Altamura man
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984:Homo erectus
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978:Homo habilis
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865:
853:. Retrieved
838:
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819:. Retrieved
804:
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785:. Retrieved
770:
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741:(3): 361–7.
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681:. Retrieved
677:the original
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371:the original
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297:
289:
286:
270:Homo sapiens
269:
263:
260:
246:anatomically
238:Neandertal 1
223:
216:
210:Homo sapiens
209:
201:Homo sapiens
199:
187:Homo sapiens
185:
181:
179:
167:Homo sapiens
165:
144:municipality
104:
103:
1575:Neanderthal
1455:Homo naledi
1390:Azykhantrop
1332:Le Moustier
1313:Gibraltar 1
1293:Spy 1 and 2
1273:radiocarbon
1161:(130–50 ka)
961:Neanderthal
623:Radiocarbon
338:Neanderthal
279:artefacts.
274:Neanderthal
190:. In 1758,
155:Neanderthal
135:child. The
133:Neanderthal
49:Neanderthal
37:Common name
1616:Categories
1150:Altamura 1
1063:Mousterian
1042:Extinction
1036:H. sapiens
517:2021-08-29
354:References
277:Mousterian
232:theory of
109:assemblage
1442:Denisovan
1380:Atapuerca
1058:Acheulean
1024:Behaviour
969:Ancestors
659:197535244
651:0033-8222
507:"Engis 2"
367:"Engis 2"
234:evolution
198:in which
1472:Research
1243:Tabun C1
1233:Kebara 2
1198:Scladina
1124:MiguelĂłn
1029:Genetics
604:10377375
316:See also
230:Darwin's
157:fossil.
121:calvaria
71:Flemalle
1298:Engis 2
1159:Typical
1019:Anatomy
1012:Biology
914:Engis 2
892:3518479
755:2929740
720:3518479
631:Bibcode
572:Bibcode
306:Engis 4
298:Engis 3
292:of the
207:species
182:Engis 1
141:Belgian
129:incisor
105:Engis 2
79:Belgium
45:Species
40:Engis 2
20:Engis 2
1248:Amud 1
890:
846:
812:
778:
753:
718:
657:
649:
602:
592:
458:
424:
1193:Krijn
655:S2CID
595:33580
560:(PDF)
310:taxon
224:Even
214:genus
147:Engis
75:Liege
1568:film
1520:film
1385:Samu
1321:site
1315:and
1302:site
1287:site
1262:OR-1
1256:site
1250:and
1237:site
1182:site
1172:site
993:) →
888:PMID
857:2015
844:ISBN
823:2015
810:ISBN
789:2015
776:ISBN
751:PMID
716:PMID
685:2015
647:ISSN
600:PMID
542:2015
493:2015
469:2015
456:ISBN
435:2015
422:ISBN
401:2015
379:2015
302:ulna
218:Homo
88:1829
1271:In
987:(→
880:doi
743:doi
708:doi
639:doi
590:PMC
580:doi
55:Age
1618::
999:→
981:→
886:.
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