33:
1039:
85:
level, without extra infections being brought into the group as a result of travel or similar means. The term describes the distribution (spread) of an infectious disease among a group of people or within a populated area. An endemic disease always has a steady, predictable number of people getting
225:
but the infection is said to be in an endemic steady state. An infection that starts as an epidemic will eventually either die out (with the possibility of it resurging in a theoretically predictable cyclical manner) or reach the endemic steady state, depending on a number of factors, including the
275:
means the disease severity would necessarily be mild. Endemic COVID-19 could be mild if previously acquired immunity reduces the risk of death and disability during future infections, but in itself endemicity only means that there will be a steady, predictable number of sick people.
121:). Consequently, the number of people infected by malaria in the UK is too variable to be called endemic. However, the number of people who get chickenpox in the UK varies little from year to year, so chickenpox is considered endemic in the UK.
139:
For an infection that relies on person-to-person transmission, to be endemic, each person who becomes infected with the disease must pass it on to one other person on average. Assuming a completely susceptible population, that means that the
313:
An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level for that
632:
Ticona, Eduardo; Gao, George Fu; Zhou, Lei; Burgos, Marcos (13 April 2023). "Person-Centered
Infectious Diseases and Pandemics". In Mezzich, Juan E.; Appleyard, James; Glare, Paul; Snaedal, Jon; Wilson, Ruth (eds.).
1073:
1023:
Yes, common colds are endemic. So are Lassa fever, malaria and polio. So was smallpox, until vaccines stamped it out. learning to live with endemic rotavirus, hepatitis C or measles.
295:
An endemic disease with an extremely high rate of infection, especially a disease that infects nearly everyone early in life, so that nearly all adults have developed some level of
252:
for the epidemic. Based on the reproduction number, we can define the epidemic waves, such as the first wave, second wave, etc. for COVID-19 in different regions and countries.
216:
111:
is not. Every year, there are a few cases of malaria reported in the UK, but these do not lead to sustained transmission in the population due to the lack of a suitable
2395:
1949:
1066:
134:
264:
is endemic in some countries, meaning that it is regularly found in an area, this is a use of the word in its etymological, rather than epidemiological or
1059:
2730:
2717:
1331:
1087:
249:
130:
2002:
950:
923:
893:
867:
835:
683:
646:
550:
2519:
1977:
940:
913:
2722:
490:
2152:
2147:
2231:
1638:
1254:
557:
Terms used to describe distribution include: Endemic: a condition that is generally present in a group or area, such as a cold
348:
1825:
516:"Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics"
2566:
2164:
1883:
1861:
538:
1232:
2534:
825:
347:
An epidemic, especially one affecting a very small area, such as the people in one town or attending a single event. The
339:
A disease that appears occasionally, but, unlike endemic disease, is not always present at a steady and predictable level.
2561:
1957:
1714:
1477:
1192:
496:
2603:
2474:
2410:
2378:
2326:
1623:
1605:
883:
168:
being susceptible to it, effectively discounting the immune sector of the population. So, for a disease to be in an
32:
2159:
1572:
1312:
363:
A new disease that is spreading or a previously endemic disease whose infection rate is increasing significantly.
2663:
2653:
2348:
2284:
2007:
1972:
1351:
1292:
238:
141:
2481:
2343:
2218:
2072:
1187:
1177:
2668:
2586:
2452:
1982:
1780:
1656:
1487:
1425:
1259:
1227:
231:
165:
2255:
1790:
1663:
1269:
1126:
1116:
153:
36:
237:
If a disease is in an endemic steady state in a population, the relation above allows us to estimate the
2778:
2691:
2576:
2208:
2077:
1585:
1492:
1411:
112:
1835:
307:
An endemic disease with a high rate of infection, especially one affecting people of all ages equally.
2658:
2551:
2497:
2425:
2415:
2107:
1962:
1775:
1752:
1442:
990:
856:
Porta, Miquel S.; Greenland, Sander; Hernán, Miguel; Silva, Isabel dos Santos; Last, John M. (2014).
587:
182:
663:
2783:
2745:
2735:
2701:
2306:
1757:
1744:
1726:
1580:
1391:
2469:
2464:
2373:
2353:
1987:
1830:
1795:
1649:
1615:
1165:
1014:
611:
380:
296:
227:
222:
82:
515:
375:
An epidemic affecting a very large part of the world, generally multiple countries or multiple
2755:
2696:
2556:
2509:
2311:
1813:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1264:
1247:
1006:
946:
919:
889:
863:
831:
787:
738:
679:
642:
603:
546:
707:"A Second Wave? What Do People Mean by COVID Waves? – A Working Definition of Epidemic Waves"
96:), and the disease can be severe or mild. Also, a disease that is usually endemic can become
2750:
2686:
2673:
2502:
2491:
2383:
2363:
2198:
2112:
2087:
1818:
1704:
1595:
1538:
1344:
1242:
1170:
998:
777:
769:
728:
718:
705:
Zhang, Stephen X.; Marioli, Francisco Arroyo; Gao, Renfei; Wang, Senhu (13 September 2021).
671:
595:
342:
334:
272:
221:
In this way, the infection neither dies out nor does the number of infected people increase
1051:
2618:
2613:
2457:
2405:
2213:
2190:
2035:
2012:
1396:
1361:
1237:
1182:
638:
74:
392:
This is a short, incomplete list of some infections that are usually considered endemic:
994:
591:
2648:
2581:
2524:
2296:
2185:
2177:
2055:
2050:
1997:
1721:
1502:
1497:
1457:
1406:
1371:
1209:
1145:
782:
757:
733:
706:
675:
1038:
2772:
2529:
2486:
2445:
2338:
2321:
2279:
1992:
1543:
1512:
1356:
1133:
1018:
615:
537:
Cook, Neal; Shepherd, Andrea; Dunleavy, Stephanie; McCauley, Claire (23 April 2022).
448:
321:
149:
42:
2740:
2678:
2440:
2420:
2368:
2316:
2267:
2067:
2017:
1628:
1401:
1199:
364:
352:
302:
88:
58:
857:
773:
2633:
2435:
2358:
2333:
2082:
2062:
1967:
1927:
1765:
1222:
1138:
1121:
1043:
421:
401:
396:
351:
showed a normally endemic disease causing an epidemic outbreak, primarily among
290:
161:
1002:
599:
17:
2571:
2546:
2514:
2291:
2272:
2262:
2250:
2097:
1709:
1681:
1507:
1467:
1339:
104:
70:
46:
912:
Emch, Michael; Root, Elisabeth
Dowling; Carrel, Margaret (20 February 2017).
2643:
2122:
1447:
1155:
1150:
1083:
487:– when two or more public health problems coincide and exacerbate each other
416:
376:
245:
117:
78:
62:
1010:
791:
742:
607:
152:
individuals, the basic reproduction number multiplied by the proportion of
49:, a disease most commonly affecting children, teens, and young adults, and
2626:
2541:
2117:
2102:
2092:
2045:
1590:
1386:
1366:
1160:
1103:
981:
Katzourakis A (January 2022). "COVID-19: endemic doesn't mean harmless".
723:
578:
Katzourakis A (January 2022). "COVID-19: endemic doesn't mean harmless".
484:
432:
370:
358:
265:
97:
50:
2430:
2301:
1554:
1111:
426:
406:
108:
2638:
2203:
1856:
1452:
470:
458:
435:
was an endemic disease until it was eradicated through vaccination.
1867:
1379:
411:
31:
1851:
1320:
1217:
261:
1055:
464:
452:
148:) of the infection must equal one. In a population with some
248:) of a particular infection. This in turn can be fed into a
888:. World Health Organization. 24 November 2021. p. 11.
493:– when an infection declines until it no longer exists
185:
107:
is endemic (steady state) in the United
Kingdom, but
2710:
2602:
2394:
2243:
2230:
2135:
2026:
1948:
1920:
1906:
1892:
1876:
1844:
1806:
1735:
1697:
1690:
1672:
1604:
1571:
1564:
1528:
1521:
1433:
1424:
1311:
1208:
1102:
1095:
758:"Transition to endemicity: Understanding COVID-19"
543:Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice
320:An endemic disease with a low rate of infection.
210:
862:. Oxford University Press. pp. 136, 139.
164:of each individual to whom the disease may be
27:Disease which is constantly present in an area
1067:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
8:
915:Health and Medical Geography, Fourth Edition
668:Computational Modeling of Infectious Disease
518:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
135:Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
827:International Encyclopedia of Public Health
2240:
1694:
1568:
1525:
1430:
1099:
1074:
1060:
1052:
81:is constantly present, or maintained at a
781:
732:
722:
627:
625:
190:
184:
160:) must be one. This takes account of the
824:Cockerham, William C. (6 October 2016).
2148:Ear-Nose-Throat/Upper respiratory tract
1321:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene
942:Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health
507:
271:Some in the public wrongly assume that
2731:Infectious disease (medical specialty)
2623:Antimicrobial resistance surveillance
131:Mathematical modelling in epidemiology
918:. Guilford Publications. p. 22.
907:
905:
756:Antia R, Halloran ME (October 2021).
711:Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
260:While it might be common to say that
7:
1978:Compartmental models in epidemiology
885:WHO Malaria Terminology, 2021 update
851:
849:
847:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
329:Categories for non-endemic diseases
324:is a hypoendemic disease in the US.
86:sick, but that number can be high (
939:Battersby, Stephen (1 July 2016).
830:. Academic Press. pp. 26–27.
676:10.1016/b978-0-32-395389-4.00016-5
491:Eradication of infectious diseases
367:frequently appears as an epidemic.
45:known to infect humans. It causes
25:
2727:Economics of Infectious Diseases
1037:
664:"Temporal dynamics of epidemics"
945:. Routledge. pp. 415–416.
539:"Health and Disease in Society"
211:{\displaystyle R_{0}\times S=1}
156:individuals in the population (
2736:Infectious disease informatics
2567:Transmission-based precautions
670:, Elsevier, pp. 217–255,
285:Categories of endemic diseases
1:
2153:Chest/Lower respiratory tract
1928:Ocular (Eye) mucosal membrane
1289:Behavioral/lifestyle factors
1042:The dictionary definition of
662:von Csefalvay, Chris (2023),
1715:Aerosol-generating procedure
1493:Silent/Subclinical infection
1193:Multidrug-resistant bacteria
859:A Dictionary of Epidemiology
774:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.019
497:Vaccine-preventable diseases
471:
459:
2379:Vaccine-preventable disease
2327:Monoclonal antibody therapy
381:sometimes a global pandemic
349:2019–2020 measles outbreaks
2800:
2520:Respiratory source control
1003:10.1038/d41586-022-00155-x
600:10.1038/d41586-022-00155-x
545:. SAGE. pp. 114–115.
465:
453:
128:
125:Mathematical determination
2664:Global Health Initiatives
2654:Evolutionary epidemiology
2349:Post-exposure prophylaxis
2285:Antimicrobial stewardship
2008:Multiplicity of infection
1973:Basic reproduction number
1749:Percutaneous inoculation
1233:Host–pathogen interaction
142:basic reproduction number
115:(mosquitoes of the genus
2482:Protective sequestration
2344:Pre-exposure prophylaxis
1635:Generational difference
1188:Horizontal gene transfer
1178:Antimicrobial resistance
635:Person Centered Medicine
51:shingles (herpes zoster)
38:Human alphaherpesvirus 3
2669:Microbial phylogenetics
2587:Wastewater surveillance
2108:Geographic distribution
1983:Critical community size
1781:Surgical site infection
1629:Iatrogenic/Medical care
1548:Microbial translocation
1544:Endogenous reactivation
1539:Normal flora overgrowth
1488:Opportunistic infection
1260:Opportunistic infection
230:of the disease and its
2741:Microbial bioterrorism
2364:efficacy/effectiveness
1772:Surgical intervention
1664:Breakthrough infection
1286:Genetic predisposition
1270:Susceptible individual
1117:Germ theory of disease
212:
54:
47:chickenpox (varicella)
2577:Universal precautions
1535:Endogenous overgrowth
1387:Poultry and livestock
213:
35:
2679:Genomic reassortment
2659:Genetic epidemiology
2498:Health communication
2426:Flattening the curve
2416:Disease surveillance
2199:Systemic/Generalized
1963:Animal disease model
1443:Asymptomatic carrier
724:10.2147/RMHP.S326051
232:mode of transmission
183:
170:endemic steady state
2746:Pandemic prevention
2702:Viral phylodynamics
2683:Re-emerging disease
2572:Travel restrictions
1776:Postoperative wound
1745:Blood-borne disease
1727:Respiratory droplet
1639:Vertical/Congenital
1624:Nosocomial/Hospital
1581:Spillover infection
995:2022Natur.601..485K
592:2022Natur.601..485K
463:, "in, within" and
379:. Seasonal flu is
174:endemic equilibrium
2692:Selection pressure
1988:Force of infection
1616:Contagious disease
1551:Endogenous seeding
1448:Chain of infection
1372:Injection drug use
1283:Vaccination status
1166:Case fatality rate
1084:infectious disease
250:mathematical model
208:
55:
2766:
2765:
2756:Tropical medicine
2697:Synthetic biology
2598:
2597:
2557:Social distancing
2510:Outbreak response
2131:
2130:
1958:Agent-based model
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1483:Natural reservoir
1473:Infectious period
1463:Incubation period
1420:
1419:
1376:Natural disaster
1345:Tropical diseases
1328:Biodiversity loss
1265:Risk of infection
1255:Microbiome health
1248:Immunosuppression
952:978-1-317-38291-1
925:978-1-4625-2006-0
895:978-92-4-003840-0
869:978-0-19-997673-7
837:978-0-12-803708-9
768:(10): 2172–2176.
685:978-0-323-95389-4
648:978-3-031-17650-0
552:978-1-5297-8581-4
16:(Redirected from
2791:
2751:Tropical disease
2687:Reverse zoonosis
2674:One Health Model
2503:Health education
2492:Community health
2411:Cordon sanitaire
2384:Ring vaccination
2354:Repurposed drugs
2241:
2160:Gastrointestinal
2003:Machine learning
1807:Gastrointestinal
1758:Intravenous line
1695:
1609:/Cross-infection
1596:Reverse zoonosis
1569:
1526:
1431:
1412:War and conflict
1280:Nutrition status
1243:Immunodeficiency
1100:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1041:
1026:
1025:
978:
957:
956:
936:
930:
929:
909:
900:
899:
880:
874:
873:
853:
842:
841:
821:
796:
795:
785:
753:
747:
746:
736:
726:
702:
696:
695:
694:
692:
659:
653:
652:
629:
620:
619:
575:
560:
559:
534:
528:
527:
525:
523:
512:
474:
468:
467:
462:
456:
455:
273:endemic COVID-19
217:
215:
214:
209:
195:
194:
176:, it holds that
21:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2706:
2619:Antigenic shift
2614:Antigenic drift
2605:
2594:
2458:Barrier nursing
2406:Contact tracing
2397:
2390:
2235:
2233:
2226:
2137:
2127:
2028:
2022:
2013:Serial interval
1932:
1916:
1907:Cervico-vaginal
1902:
1893:Trans-placental
1888:
1872:
1840:
1802:
1738:Vascular system
1737:
1731:
1686:
1674:
1668:
1608:
1600:
1560:
1517:
1435:
1416:
1307:
1238:Immune response
1204:
1183:Drug resistance
1127:Infectious dose
1091:
1080:
1034:
1029:
980:
979:
960:
953:
938:
937:
933:
926:
911:
910:
903:
896:
882:
881:
877:
870:
855:
854:
845:
838:
823:
822:
799:
755:
754:
750:
704:
703:
699:
690:
688:
686:
661:
660:
656:
649:
641:. p. 465.
639:Springer Nature
631:
630:
623:
577:
576:
563:
553:
536:
535:
531:
521:
519:
514:
513:
509:
505:
481:
447:comes from the
441:
390:
331:
287:
282:
258:
242:
186:
181:
180:
147:
137:
127:
75:populated place
28:
23:
22:
18:Endemic disease
15:
12:
11:
5:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Emergent virus
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2582:Vector control
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:N95 respirator
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2398:pharmaceutical
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2245:
2244:Pharmaceutical
2238:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:Cardiovascular
2193:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2174:Nervous system
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Infection rate
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1753:Injection site
1747:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1722:Dental aerosol
1719:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1606:Human-to-human
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1536:
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1503:Super-spreader
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1407:Vector control
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1146:Quorum sensing
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2029:in population
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
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1994:
1993:Herd immunity
1991:
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1819:Contamination
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1787:Vector-borne
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1573:Cross-species
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322:Typhoid fever
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280:Related terms
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251:
247:
243:
235:
233:
229:
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223:exponentially
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2779:Epidemiology
2470:Notification
2441:Hand washing
2436:Food hygiene
2421:Disinfection
2317:Immunization
2268:Anthelmintic
2256:prophylactic
2144:Respiratory
2068:Hyperendemic
2040:
2018:WAIFW matrix
1673:Environment-
1426:Transmission
1402:Urbanization
1200:Host tropism
1096:Determinants
1082:Concepts in
1044:
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986:
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761:
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475:, "people".
444:
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365:Seasonal flu
353:unvaccinated
303:Hyperendemic
270:
259:
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220:
173:
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138:
116:
102:
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89:hyperendemic
87:
66:
59:epidemiology
56:
37:
29:
2723:Eradication
2634:Biosecurity
2359:Vaccination
2334:Inoculation
2312:Drug safety
2307:Combination
2234:and Control
2182:Soft tissue
2136:Anatomical
2103:Seasonality
2083:Mesoendemic
2063:Holoendemic
2056:Farr's laws
1968:Attack rate
1766:Animal bite
1762:Insect bite
1698:Respiratory
1325:Air quality
1313:Environment
1223:Comorbidity
1139:Attack rate
1122:Infectivity
691:28 February
422:Hepatitis C
402:Lassa fever
397:Common cold
317:Hypoendemic
310:Mesoendemic
291:Holoendemic
166:transmitted
162:probability
154:susceptible
94:hypoendemic
43:herpesvirus
41:virion − a
2784:Prevention
2773:Categories
2606:infections
2547:Sanitation
2515:Quarantine
2374:resistance
2292:Antiseptic
2273:Ascaricide
2263:Antifungal
2251:Antibiotic
2232:Prevention
2165:Intestinal
2098:Prevalence
2078:Inequality
2027:Occurrence
1826:Breastmilk
1710:Bioaerosol
1682:Sapronosis
1657:Horizontal
1529:Endogenous
1508:Viral load
1468:Index case
764:(Review).
503:References
377:continents
266:ecological
129:See also:
105:chickenpox
92:) or low (
77:when that
71:population
53:in adults.
2718:Discovery
2644:Disease X
2604:Emerging
2552:Screening
2453:Isolation
2297:Antiviral
2123:Twindemic
2073:Incidence
1950:Modelling
1913:Perinatal
1845:Cutaneous
1736:Linked to
1646:Perinatal
1565:Exogenous
1557:formation
1299:Pregnancy
1156:Endotoxin
1151:Virulence
1019:246277859
616:246277859
443:The word
439:Etymology
417:Rotavirus
246:parameter
228:virulence
197:×
118:Anopheles
79:infection
63:infection
2627:EARS-Net
2542:Safe sex
2494:services
2465:Lockdown
2236:measures
2138:location
2118:Syndemic
2113:Sporadic
2093:Pandemic
2088:Outbreak
2046:Epidemic
1899:Prenatal
1791:Mosquito
1675:to-human
1650:Neonatal
1643:Prenatal
1591:Zoonosis
1436:concepts
1367:Humidity
1352:Commerce
1228:Diabetes
1161:Exotoxin
1011:35075305
792:34626549
762:Immunity
743:34548826
608:35075305
522:19 April
485:Syndemic
479:See also
433:Smallpox
388:Examples
371:Pandemic
359:Epidemic
343:Outbreak
335:Sporadic
314:disease.
297:immunity
268:, form.
98:epidemic
83:baseline
2431:Hygiene
2369:booster
2302:Asepsis
2041:Endemic
2036:Cluster
1620:Source
1555:Biofilm
1392:Poverty
1362:Ecology
1340:El Niño
1293:Smoking
1171:factors
1112:Biofilm
1088:Outline
1045:endemic
991:Bibcode
783:8461290
734:8448159
588:Bibcode
445:endemic
427:Measles
407:Malaria
355:people.
109:malaria
67:endemic
2639:CRISPR
2591:Zoning
2446:Gloves
1857:Fomite
1691:Routes
1586:Vector
1453:Fomite
1434:Basic
1397:Travel
1277:Gender
1017:
1009:
983:Nature
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580:Nature
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256:Misuse
150:immune
113:vector
2711:Other
2219:Fetus
2214:Mouth
2209:Tooth
2204:Blood
2191:Joint
2051:Curve
1921:Other
1868:wound
1866:Open
1836:Feces
1831:Water
1522:Modes
1380:Flood
1104:Agent
1015:S2CID
612:S2CID
472:demos
466:δῆμος
449:Greek
412:Polio
61:, an
2475:list
2396:Non-
2186:Bone
2178:Skin
1862:Soil
1852:Burn
1814:Food
1796:Tick
1458:Host
1218:Burn
1210:Host
1007:PMID
947:ISBN
920:ISBN
890:ISBN
864:ISBN
832:ISBN
788:PMID
739:PMID
693:2023
680:ISBN
643:ISBN
604:PMID
547:ISBN
524:2018
262:AIDS
133:and
2535:PPE
2223:Eye
1884:Sex
1705:Air
1274:Age
999:doi
987:601
778:PMC
770:doi
729:PMC
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672:doi
596:doi
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172:or
73:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
