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Capacity of a set

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1615: 346: 1456: 714: 1148: 1048: 849: 2434: 2808:. A historical account of the development of capacity theory by its founder and one of the main contributors; an English translation of the title reads: "The birth of capacity theory: reflections on a personal experience". 509: 2600: 1314: 224: 1911: 2157: 2015: 1818: 2509: 1197: 584: 146: 2241: 1408: 2303: 2332: 1610:{\displaystyle C(\Sigma ,S)=-{\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{S'}{\frac {\partial u}{\partial \nu }}\,\mathrm {d} \sigma '={\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{D}|\nabla u|^{2}\mathrm {d} x} 2749:, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Lectures on Mathematics and Physics. Mathematics., vol. 19 (2nd ed.), Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 2264: 1940: 1706: 1652: 603: 2779: 1448: 2070: 2044: 1736: 2766:. The second edition of these lecture notes, revised and enlarged with the help of S. Ramaswamy, re–typeset, proof read once and freely available for download. 1079: 962: 747: 2340: 435: 2461: 2690:. The capacitary potential is alternately characterized as the unique solution of the equation with the appropriate boundary conditions. 2520: 2924: 2834: 1243: 341:{\displaystyle C(\Sigma ,S)=-{\frac {1}{(n-2)\sigma _{n}}}\int _{S'}{\frac {\partial u}{\partial \nu }}\,\mathrm {d} \sigma ',} 900:, the region bounded by ÎŁ, can be found by taking the condenser capacity of ÎŁ with respect to infinity. More precisely, let 2988: 2970: 2952: 2983: 2965: 2947: 1837: 2090: 1948: 2916: 1748: 3004: 2470: 739: 2449: 720: 2978: 2050: 736: 2448:
achieving particular boundary values, given above, can be extended to other energy functionals in the
1173: 560: 122: 2172: 2960: 2859: 1359: 2714: 2273: 1739: 1679: 1230: 929: 175: 2683: 2308: 371: 1153:
The harmonic capacity can also be understood as a limit of the condenser capacity. To wit, let
709:{\displaystyle C(\Sigma ,S)={\frac {1}{(n-2)\sigma _{n}}}\int _{D}|\nabla u|^{2}\mathrm {d} x.} 2942: 2920: 2863: 2830: 2699: 2445: 2249: 518: 359: 48: 2826: 2816: 1919: 1685: 2930: 2891: 2848: 2796: 2758: 2720: 2675: 2163: 1659: 1631: 187: 59:. The potential energy is computed with respect to an idealized ground at infinity for the 56: 40: 2887: 2844: 2792: 2754: 1421: 2934: 2895: 2883: 2867: 2852: 2840: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2770: 2762: 2750: 2625: 2055: 1058: 855: 80: 36: 2871: 2023: 1715: 1628:
arises, as the potential function goes from being an inverse power to a logarithm in the
2743:
Lectures on potential theory (Notes by K. N. Gowrisankaran and M. K. Venkatesha Murthy.)
2909: 2726: 1143:{\displaystyle C(K)=\int _{S}{\frac {\partial u}{\partial \nu }}\,\mathrm {d} \sigma .} 101: 2998: 2774: 2081: 163: 2775:"La naissance de la thĂ©orie des capacitĂ©s: rĂ©flexion sur une expĂ©rience personnelle" 1043:{\displaystyle C(K)=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}\setminus K}|\nabla u|^{2}\mathrm {d} x.} 186:− 1)-dimensional hypersurface that encloses ÎŁ: in reference to its origins in 844:{\displaystyle I={\frac {1}{(n-2)\sigma _{n}}}\int _{D}|\nabla v|^{2}\mathrm {d} x} 416: 112: 47:
or physical extent, capacity is a mathematical analogue of a set's ability to hold
2741: 2702: â€“ number that denotes how big a certain bounded analytic function can become 17: 2708: 2429:{\displaystyle E(\lambda )=\int \int _{K\times K}G(x-y)d\lambda (x)d\lambda (y)} 1418:
In two dimensions, the capacity is defined as above, but dropping the factor of
1320: 1065:, then the harmonic capacity can be equivalently rewritten as the integral over 554: 413: 171: 52: 28: 504:{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial u}{\partial \nu }}(x)=\nabla u(x)\cdot \nu (x)} 2822: 2780:
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série générale, La Vie des sciences
167: 893: 195: 109: 79:
The notion of capacity of a set and of "capacitable" set was introduced by
2872:"Regular points for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients" 2821:, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 262, Berlin– 2805: 2621: 732: 2915:, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, vol. 28, Cambridge: 55:
of the set: the total charge a set can hold while maintaining a given
1163: 44: 2595:{\displaystyle I=\int _{D}(\nabla u)^{T}A(\nabla u)\,\mathrm {d} x} 2444:
The characterization of the capacity of a set as the minimum of an
1319:
The harmonic capacity is a mathematically abstract version of the
2876:
Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa – Classe di Scienze
1229:) will form a condenser pair. The harmonic capacity is then the 2723: â€“ Harmonic functions as solutions to Laplace's equation 2818:
Classical potential theory and its probabilistic counterpart
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limit. This is articulated below. It may also be called the
2662:
The minimum energy is achieved by a function known as the
1309:{\displaystyle C(K)=\lim _{r\to \infty }C(\Sigma ,S_{r}).} 2900: 2246:
with the infimum taken over all positive Borel measures
2729: â€“ Area of functional analysis and convex analysis 2711: â€“ Ability of a body to store an electrical charge 39:
is a measure of the "size" of that set. Unlike, say,
2523: 2473: 2343: 2311: 2276: 2252: 2175: 2093: 2058: 2026: 1951: 1922: 1840: 1751: 1718: 1688: 1634: 1459: 1424: 1362: 1327:
and is always non-negative and finite: 0 â‰€ 
1246: 1176: 1082: 965: 750: 606: 597:) can be equivalently defined by the volume integral 563: 438: 227: 125: 2704:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
2514:are minimizers of the associated energy functional 2908: 2594: 2503: 2428: 2326: 2297: 2258: 2235: 2151: 2064: 2038: 2009: 1934: 1905: 1812: 1730: 1700: 1646: 1609: 1442: 1402: 1308: 1191: 1142: 1042: 843: 708: 578: 503: 340: 140: 2198: 2162:The variational definition of capacity over the 1263: 83:in 1950: for a detailed account, see reference ( 1906:{\displaystyle G(x-y)={\frac {1}{|x-y|^{n-2}}}} 2152:{\displaystyle C(K)=\int _{S}d\mu (y)=\mu (S)} 2010:{\displaystyle G(x-y)=\log {\frac {1}{|x-y|}}} 904:be the harmonic function in the complement of 8: 2605:subject to appropriate boundary conditions. 1813:{\displaystyle u(x)=\int _{S}G(x-y)d\mu (y)} 2682:with the obstacle function provided by the 553: â„ 2) is the surface area of the 2504:{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot (A\nabla u)=0} 402:is any intermediate surface between ÎŁ and 2584: 2583: 2562: 2543: 2522: 2472: 2366: 2342: 2310: 2275: 2251: 2224: 2201: 2174: 2113: 2092: 2057: 2025: 1999: 1985: 1979: 1950: 1921: 1888: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1839: 1771: 1750: 1717: 1687: 1633: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1576: 1570: 1551: 1535: 1534: 1514: 1503: 1484: 1458: 1423: 1382: 1361: 1294: 1266: 1245: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1129: 1128: 1108: 1102: 1081: 1029: 1023: 1018: 1006: 992: 988: 987: 985: 964: 833: 827: 822: 810: 804: 791: 766: 749: 695: 689: 684: 672: 666: 653: 628: 605: 570: 566: 565: 562: 439: 437: 322: 321: 301: 290: 277: 252: 226: 132: 128: 127: 124: 67:, and with respect to a surface for the 998: 84: 2717: â€“ Green's function for Laplacian 2462:elliptic partial differential equation 1658:, in reference to its relation to the 2911:Potential theory in the complex plane 2825:–New York: Springer-Verlag, pp.  2626:continuously differentiable functions 856:continuously differentiable functions 7: 1069:of the outward normal derivative of 218:), is given by the surface integral 2655:) = 0 on the boundary of 2084:. It is related to the capacity as 1203:is bounded, for sufficiently large 2585: 2574: 2552: 2486: 2474: 2456:Divergence form elliptic operators 1600: 1581: 1536: 1525: 1517: 1466: 1284: 1273: 1130: 1119: 1111: 1030: 1011: 834: 815: 719:The condenser capacity also has a 696: 677: 613: 471: 450: 442: 323: 312: 304: 234: 25: 932:of the simple layer ÎŁ. Then the 2080:. It is generally taken to be a 1192:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} 579:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} 141:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} 2236:{\displaystyle C(K)=\left^{-1}} 2580: 2571: 2559: 2549: 2533: 2527: 2492: 2480: 2423: 2417: 2408: 2402: 2393: 2381: 2353: 2347: 2321: 2315: 2286: 2280: 2216: 2210: 2185: 2179: 2146: 2140: 2131: 2125: 2103: 2097: 2000: 1986: 1967: 1955: 1884: 1869: 1856: 1844: 1807: 1801: 1792: 1780: 1761: 1755: 1638: 1589: 1577: 1475: 1463: 1437: 1425: 1403:{\displaystyle C(K)=e^{-W(K)}} 1395: 1389: 1372: 1366: 1300: 1281: 1270: 1256: 1250: 1092: 1086: 1019: 1007: 975: 969: 823: 811: 784: 772: 760: 754: 685: 673: 646: 634: 622: 610: 498: 492: 483: 477: 465: 459: 270: 258: 243: 231: 1: 2298:{\displaystyle \lambda (K)=1} 119:-dimensional Euclidean space 51:. More precisely, it is the 2977:Solomentsev, E. D. (2001) , 2959:Solomentsev, E. D. (2001) , 2941:Solomentsev, E. D. (2001) , 721:variational characterization 2984:Encyclopedia of Mathematics 2966:Encyclopedia of Mathematics 2948:Encyclopedia of Mathematics 2327:{\displaystyle E(\lambda )} 1738:. It can be obtained via a 896:, the harmonic capacity of 3021: 2917:Cambridge University Press 2907:Ransford, Thomas (1995), 2612:with respect to a domain 2460:Solutions to a uniformly 1620:This is often called the 873:) = 1 on ÎŁ and 381:) = 1 on ÎŁ and 43:, which measures a set's 2740:BrĂ©lot, Marcel (1967) , 2259:{\displaystyle \lambda } 2166:can be re-expressed as 1059:rectifiable hypersurface 912: = 1 on ÎŁ and 174:) set of which ÎŁ is the 2624:of the energy over all 2334:is the energy integral 1935:{\displaystyle n\geq 3} 1701:{\displaystyle n\geq 3} 2608:The capacity of a set 2596: 2505: 2450:calculus of variations 2430: 2328: 2299: 2260: 2237: 2153: 2066: 2040: 2011: 1936: 1907: 1814: 1732: 1702: 1670:The harmonic function 1648: 1647:{\displaystyle n\to 2} 1611: 1444: 1404: 1321:electrostatic capacity 1310: 1193: 1144: 1044: 956:), is then defined by 924: â†’ âˆž. Thus 845: 710: 580: 505: 362:defined on the region 342: 142: 108: − 1)- 2597: 2506: 2464:with divergence form 2431: 2329: 2300: 2270:, normalized so that 2261: 2238: 2154: 2067: 2041: 2012: 1937: 1908: 1815: 1733: 1710:logarithmic potential 1703: 1649: 1612: 1445: 1443:{\displaystyle (n-2)} 1405: 1335:) < +∞. 1311: 1194: 1145: 1061:completely enclosing 1045: 846: 711: 581: 506: 343: 143: 2979:"Energy of measures" 2674:, and it solves the 2664:capacitary potential 2521: 2471: 2341: 2309: 2274: 2250: 2173: 2091: 2065:{\displaystyle \mu } 2056: 2024: 1949: 1920: 1838: 1827:a point exterior to 1749: 1716: 1686: 1632: 1622:logarithmic capacity 1457: 1422: 1414:Logarithmic capacity 1360: 1244: 1174: 1170:about the origin in 1080: 963: 748: 604: 561: 436: 225: 190:, the pair (ÎŁ,  123: 2715:Newtonian potential 2643:) = 1 on 2078:equilibrium measure 2039:{\displaystyle n=2} 1731:{\displaystyle n=2} 1680:Newtonian potential 1450:in the definition: 1237:tends to infinity: 930:Newtonian potential 920:) â†’ 0 as 881:) = 0 on 372:boundary conditions 2684:indicator function 2620:is defined as the 2592: 2501: 2426: 2324: 2295: 2256: 2233: 2206: 2149: 2074:capacitary measure 2062: 2036: 2007: 1932: 1903: 1810: 1728: 1698: 1676:capacity potential 1656:conformal capacity 1644: 1607: 1440: 1400: 1306: 1277: 1189: 1140: 1040: 938:Newtonian capacity 841: 737:Dirichlet's energy 706: 576: 501: 338: 200:condenser capacity 138: 96:Condenser capacity 69:condenser capacity 65:Newtonian capacity 2804:, available from 2700:Analytic capacity 2446:energy functional 2197: 2005: 1901: 1564: 1532: 1497: 1323:of the conductor 1262: 1126: 934:harmonic capacity 889:Harmonic capacity 798: 660: 519:normal derivative 457: 360:harmonic function 319: 284: 214:) or cap(ÎŁ,  202:of ÎŁ relative to 49:electrical charge 33:capacity of a set 18:Energy functional 16:(Redirected from 3012: 3005:Potential theory 2991: 2973: 2961:"Robin constant" 2955: 2937: 2914: 2898: 2855: 2813:Doob, Joseph Leo 2803: 2771:Choquet, Gustave 2765: 2748: 2721:Potential theory 2705: 2676:obstacle problem 2670:with respect to 2601: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2567: 2566: 2548: 2547: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2377: 2376: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2266:concentrated on 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2205: 2164:Dirichlet energy 2158: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2118: 2117: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1989: 1980: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1887: 1872: 1863: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1776: 1775: 1740:Green's function 1737: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1660:conformal radius 1653: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1565: 1563: 1552: 1547: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1523: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1498: 1496: 1485: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1276: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1149: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1117: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1010: 1005: 1004: 997: 996: 991: 850: 848: 847: 842: 837: 832: 831: 826: 814: 809: 808: 799: 797: 796: 795: 767: 715: 713: 712: 707: 699: 694: 693: 688: 676: 671: 670: 661: 659: 658: 657: 629: 585: 583: 582: 577: 575: 574: 569: 530: 510: 508: 507: 502: 458: 456: 448: 440: 424: 400: 347: 345: 344: 339: 334: 326: 320: 318: 310: 302: 300: 299: 298: 285: 283: 282: 281: 253: 194:) is known as a 188:electromagnetism 158:will denote the 157: 147: 145: 144: 139: 137: 136: 131: 57:potential energy 41:Lebesgue measure 21: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3009: 2995: 2994: 2976: 2958: 2940: 2927: 2906: 2899:, available at 2864:Stampacchia, G. 2858: 2837: 2811: 2769: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2703: 2696: 2558: 2539: 2519: 2518: 2469: 2468: 2458: 2442: 2440:Generalizations 2362: 2339: 2338: 2307: 2306: 2272: 2271: 2248: 2247: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2171: 2170: 2109: 2089: 2088: 2054: 2053: 2022: 2021: 1984: 1947: 1946: 1918: 1917: 1882: 1867: 1836: 1835: 1767: 1747: 1746: 1714: 1713: 1684: 1683: 1668: 1630: 1629: 1587: 1566: 1556: 1540: 1524: 1516: 1504: 1499: 1489: 1455: 1454: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1378: 1358: 1357: 1340:Wiener capacity 1290: 1242: 1241: 1228: 1215: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1161: 1118: 1110: 1098: 1078: 1077: 1017: 986: 981: 961: 960: 891: 821: 800: 787: 771: 746: 745: 683: 662: 649: 633: 602: 601: 564: 559: 558: 549: â„ Î“( 544: 528: 449: 441: 434: 433: 422: 412:is the outward 398: 327: 311: 303: 291: 286: 273: 257: 223: 222: 149: 126: 121: 120: 98: 93: 81:Gustave Choquet 77: 75:Historical note 37:Euclidean space 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3018: 3016: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2974: 2956: 2938: 2925: 2904: 2868:Weinberger, H. 2856: 2835: 2809: 2787:(4): 385–397, 2767: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2727:Choquet theory 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2695: 2692: 2603: 2602: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2512: 2511: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2457: 2454: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2255: 2244: 2243: 2230: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2160: 2159: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2072:is called the 2061: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2018: 2017: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1914: 1913: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1821: 1820: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1674:is called the 1667: 1664: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1618: 1617: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1344:Robin constant 1317: 1316: 1305: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1224: 1211: 1186: 1181: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1051: 1050: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1003: 1000: 995: 990: 984: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 890: 887: 852: 851: 840: 836: 830: 825: 820: 817: 813: 807: 803: 794: 790: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 770: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 717: 716: 705: 702: 698: 692: 687: 682: 679: 675: 669: 665: 656: 652: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 632: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 588: 587: 573: 568: 545: = 2 540: 534: 533: 514: 513: 512: 511: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 455: 452: 447: 444: 428: 427: 407: 394: 366:between ÎŁ and 358:is the unique 349: 348: 337: 333: 330: 325: 317: 314: 309: 306: 297: 294: 289: 280: 276: 272: 269: 266: 263: 260: 256: 251: 248: 245: 242: 239: 236: 233: 230: 135: 130: 97: 94: 92: 89: 76: 73: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3017: 3006: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2926:0-521-46654-7 2922: 2918: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2882:(12): 43–77, 2881: 2878:, Serie III, 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2836:0-387-90881-1 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783:(in French), 2782: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2589: 2577: 2568: 2563: 2555: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2498: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2318: 2312: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2269: 2253: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2207: 2202: 2193: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082:Borel measure 2079: 2075: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2033: 2030: 2027: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1981: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1711: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1641: 1635: 1627: 1623: 1604: 1594: 1584: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1528: 1520: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1460: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1413: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1278: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1220:and (ÎŁ,  1219: 1216:will enclose 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1184: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1137: 1134: 1122: 1114: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1037: 1034: 1024: 1014: 1001: 993: 982: 978: 972: 966: 959: 958: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:Heuristically 888: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 857: 838: 828: 818: 805: 801: 792: 788: 781: 778: 775: 768: 763: 757: 751: 744: 743: 742: 741: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 703: 700: 690: 680: 667: 663: 654: 650: 643: 640: 637: 630: 625: 619: 616: 607: 600: 599: 598: 596: 592: 571: 556: 552: 548: 543: 539: 536: 535: 531: 524: 520: 516: 515: 495: 489: 486: 480: 474: 468: 462: 453: 445: 432: 431: 430: 429: 425: 418: 415: 411: 408: 405: 401: 395: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 354: 353: 352: 335: 331: 328: 315: 307: 295: 292: 287: 278: 274: 267: 264: 261: 254: 249: 246: 240: 237: 228: 221: 220: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162:-dimensional 161: 156: 152: 133: 118: 114: 111: 107: 103: 95: 90: 88: 86: 82: 74: 72: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 2982: 2964: 2946: 2910: 2879: 2875: 2817: 2784: 2778: 2742: 2687: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2513: 2459: 2443: 2267: 2245: 2161: 2077: 2073: 2048: 2019: 1915: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1709: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1655: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1417: 1353:is given by 1350: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1318: 1234: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1167: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1054: 1052: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 853: 728: 724: 718: 594: 590: 589: 550: 546: 541: 537: 526: 522: 420: 409: 403: 396: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 367: 363: 355: 350: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 191: 183: 182:be another ( 179: 159: 154: 150: 116: 113:hypersurface 105: 99: 85:Choquet 1986 78: 68: 64: 60: 32: 26: 2860:Littman, W. 2709:Capacitance 2616:containing 1626:logarithmic 1624:, the term 1162:denote the 908:satisfying 555:unit sphere 414:unit normal 110:dimensional 104:, smooth, ( 100:Let ÎŁ be a 91:Definitions 53:capacitance 29:mathematics 2943:"Capacity" 2935:0828.31001 2896:0116.30302 2853:0549.31001 2823:Heidelberg 2801:0607.01017 2763:0257.31001 2734:References 1666:Properties 1166:of radius 944:, denoted 740:functional 206:, denoted 2989:EMS Press 2971:EMS Press 2953:EMS Press 2575:∇ 2553:∇ 2541:∫ 2487:∇ 2478:⋅ 2475:∇ 2415:λ 2400:λ 2388:− 2371:× 2364:∫ 2360:∫ 2351:λ 2319:λ 2305:and with 2278:λ 2254:λ 2226:− 2214:λ 2203:λ 2138:μ 2123:μ 2111:∫ 2060:μ 1994:− 1977:⁡ 1962:− 1927:≥ 1893:− 1877:− 1851:− 1799:μ 1787:− 1769:∫ 1693:≥ 1639:→ 1582:∇ 1568:∫ 1561:π 1542:σ 1529:ν 1526:∂ 1518:∂ 1501:∫ 1494:π 1482:− 1467:Σ 1432:− 1384:− 1285:Σ 1274:∞ 1271:→ 1199:. Since 1135:σ 1123:ν 1120:∂ 1112:∂ 1100:∫ 1012:∇ 999:∖ 983:∫ 952:) or cap( 854:over all 816:∇ 802:∫ 789:σ 779:− 731:) is the 727:(ÎŁ,  678:∇ 664:∫ 651:σ 641:− 614:Σ 593:(ÎŁ,  490:ν 487:⋅ 472:∇ 454:ν 451:∂ 443:∂ 389:) = 0 on 370:with the 329:σ 316:ν 313:∂ 305:∂ 288:∫ 275:σ 265:− 250:− 235:Σ 210:(ÎŁ,  196:condenser 2999:Category 2870:(1963), 2827:xxiv+846 2815:(1984), 2773:(1986), 2694:See also 1708:and the 1545:′ 1509:′ 332:′ 296:′ 176:boundary 61:harmonic 2888:0161019 2845:0731258 2806:Gallica 2793:0867115 2755:0259146 2622:infimum 2051:measure 1831:, and 928:is the 735:of the 733:infimum 525:across 517:is the 351:where: 198:. The 178:. Let 172:bounded 166:(i.e., 164:compact 2933:  2923:  2901:NUMDAM 2894:  2886:  2851:  2843:  2833:  2799:  2791:  2761:  2753:  2647:; and 1678:, the 1164:sphere 168:closed 102:closed 45:volume 31:, the 2747:(PDF) 2635:with 1916:when 1823:with 1712:when 1682:when 1231:limit 1057:is a 865:with 532:; and 417:field 153:≄ 3; 2921:ISBN 2831:ISBN 2049:The 2020:for 1942:and 1347:W(K) 1338:The 170:and 2931:Zbl 2892:Zbl 2849:Zbl 2797:Zbl 2759:Zbl 2686:of 2678:on 2666:of 2631:on 2199:inf 2076:or 1974:log 1742:as 1349:of 1342:or 1264:lim 1233:as 1053:If 940:of 936:or 861:on 557:in 521:of 426:and 419:to 115:in 87:). 63:or 35:in 27:In 3001:: 2987:, 2981:, 2969:, 2963:, 2951:, 2945:, 2929:, 2919:, 2890:, 2884:MR 2880:17 2874:, 2866:; 2862:; 2847:, 2841:MR 2839:, 2829:, 2795:, 2789:MR 2777:, 2757:, 2751:MR 2659:. 2452:. 2046:. 1662:. 1207:, 1073:: 885:. 723:: 148:, 71:. 2903:. 2785:3 2688:E 2680:D 2672:D 2668:E 2657:D 2653:x 2651:( 2649:v 2645:E 2641:x 2639:( 2637:v 2633:D 2629:v 2618:E 2614:D 2610:E 2590:x 2586:d 2581:) 2578:u 2572:( 2569:A 2564:T 2560:) 2556:u 2550:( 2545:D 2537:= 2534:] 2531:u 2528:[ 2525:I 2499:0 2496:= 2493:) 2490:u 2484:A 2481:( 2424:) 2421:y 2418:( 2412:d 2409:) 2406:x 2403:( 2397:d 2394:) 2391:y 2385:x 2382:( 2379:G 2374:K 2368:K 2357:= 2354:) 2348:( 2345:E 2322:) 2316:( 2313:E 2293:1 2290:= 2287:) 2284:K 2281:( 2268:K 2229:1 2221:] 2217:) 2211:( 2208:E 2194:[ 2189:= 2186:) 2183:K 2180:( 2177:C 2147:) 2144:S 2141:( 2135:= 2132:) 2129:y 2126:( 2120:d 2115:S 2107:= 2104:) 2101:K 2098:( 2095:C 2034:2 2031:= 2028:n 2001:| 1997:y 1991:x 1987:| 1982:1 1971:= 1968:) 1965:y 1959:x 1956:( 1953:G 1930:3 1924:n 1896:2 1890:n 1885:| 1880:y 1874:x 1870:| 1865:1 1860:= 1857:) 1854:y 1848:x 1845:( 1842:G 1829:S 1825:x 1808:) 1805:y 1802:( 1796:d 1793:) 1790:y 1784:x 1781:( 1778:G 1773:S 1765:= 1762:) 1759:x 1756:( 1753:u 1726:2 1723:= 1720:n 1696:3 1690:n 1672:u 1642:2 1636:n 1605:x 1601:d 1595:2 1590:| 1585:u 1578:| 1572:D 1558:2 1554:1 1549:= 1537:d 1521:u 1506:S 1491:2 1487:1 1479:= 1476:) 1473:S 1470:, 1464:( 1461:C 1438:) 1435:2 1429:n 1426:( 1396:) 1393:K 1390:( 1387:W 1380:e 1376:= 1373:) 1370:K 1367:( 1364:C 1351:K 1333:K 1331:( 1329:C 1325:K 1304:. 1301:) 1296:r 1292:S 1288:, 1282:( 1279:C 1268:r 1260:= 1257:) 1254:K 1251:( 1248:C 1235:r 1226:r 1222:S 1218:K 1213:r 1209:S 1205:r 1201:K 1185:n 1180:R 1168:r 1159:r 1155:S 1138:. 1131:d 1115:u 1104:S 1096:= 1093:) 1090:K 1087:( 1084:C 1071:u 1067:S 1063:K 1055:S 1038:. 1035:x 1031:d 1025:2 1020:| 1015:u 1008:| 1002:K 994:n 989:R 979:= 976:) 973:K 970:( 967:C 954:K 950:K 948:( 946:C 942:K 926:u 922:x 918:x 916:( 914:u 910:u 906:K 902:u 898:K 883:S 879:x 877:( 875:v 871:x 869:( 867:v 863:D 859:v 839:x 835:d 829:2 824:| 819:v 812:| 806:D 793:n 785:) 782:2 776:n 773:( 769:1 764:= 761:] 758:v 755:[ 752:I 729:S 725:C 704:. 701:x 697:d 691:2 686:| 681:u 674:| 668:D 655:n 647:) 644:2 638:n 635:( 631:1 626:= 623:) 620:S 617:, 611:( 608:C 595:S 591:C 586:. 572:n 567:R 551:n 547:π 542:n 538:σ 529:â€Č 527:S 523:u 499:) 496:x 493:( 484:) 481:x 478:( 475:u 469:= 466:) 463:x 460:( 446:u 423:â€Č 421:S 410:Îœ 406:; 404:S 399:â€Č 397:S 393:; 391:S 387:x 385:( 383:u 379:x 377:( 375:u 368:S 364:D 356:u 336:, 324:d 308:u 293:S 279:n 271:) 268:2 262:n 259:( 255:1 247:= 244:) 241:S 238:, 232:( 229:C 216:S 212:S 208:C 204:S 192:S 184:n 180:S 160:n 155:K 151:n 134:n 129:R 117:n 106:n 20:)

Index

Energy functional
mathematics
Euclidean space
Lebesgue measure
volume
electrical charge
capacitance
potential energy
Gustave Choquet
Choquet 1986
closed
dimensional
hypersurface
compact
closed
bounded
boundary
electromagnetism
condenser
harmonic function
boundary conditions
unit normal
field
normal derivative
unit sphere
variational characterization
infimum
Dirichlet's energy
functional
continuously differentiable functions

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