214:. Each utility pays a share of transmitting power over these lines. Vermont's share is about 4.5 percent. A unique aspect of Vermont's electric power system is the Vermont Electric Power Company (VELCO.) VELCO is a utility that's sole purpose is to maintain the state's main transmission lines which move power through the state and deliver it to the various customer-facing utilities' systems throughout the state. VELCO is owned collectively by the state's customer-facing utilities and operates the higher voltage 115 kV, 345 kV, and HVDC lines throughout the state as well as the major transmission substations. The customer facing utilities, such as
272:. In the above comparison, if Vermont were to deregulate the electric market and allow outside electric suppliers to bid on providing energy, such as Delaware, a family who uses 1,000 kwh per month could see a 50% reduction in their bill, or $ 90 per month, or $ 1080 per year. This far surpasses the Efficiency Vermont target. The state has been aggressive in assisting persons exposed to peak pricing to identify waste and remove it, and focused on reduction of the overall energy bill rather than on reducing rates.
317:
112:) a 17-terabit-capable dark fiber optic network to all electrical substations in Vermont, at a cost of about $ 53 million recovered from operations savings (mostly prevention of outages). By contrast with other smart grid initiatives in Tennessee and Virginia, where universal wired fiber communication connectivity was a major goal, VELCO cited its internal "high-bandwidth, two-way communication requirements
249:
While
Vermont paid the lowest rates in New England for power in 2007, it was still ranked among the highest eleven states in the nation; about 16 percent higher than the national average. In 2017, retail electric rates were $ .17 per kwh, in direct contrast to rates in other states such as Delaware,
90:
Direct utilization of wind, water, sun and geothermal power by industrial plants and mills is now very uncommon in the state except for a few artisan or demonstration or museum projects. Windmills are still used for water pumping in some areas but increasingly this generates electricity to drive an
119:
About 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of fiber was deployed to 65 substations, reaching nearly 70 percent of
Vermont's towns. This capacity was considered in setting Vermont's 10-year Telecommunications Plan that would "essentially require fiber optic broadband speeds to every Vermont home by 2024" as
43:
engages in aggressive initiatives to cut residential electricity waste, which often identifies other problems (leaks, pest entry points, mold, rot) that it claims can save hundreds per household per year. Accordingly, Vermont's overall energy bills are also relatively lower than in the rest of the
378:
announced that economic factors, notably the lower cost of electricity provided by competing natural gas-fired power plants, forced it to cease operations and schedule the decommissioning of the plant, which happened at the end of 2014. The plant closed eighteen years before its current operating
257:
infrastructures in the US, at a cost of $ 53 million, paid back entirely by such savings, starting in 2012. Increased economic activity due to reliable power and broadband was expected to further spread costs of maintenance of rural power networks across a larger tax base.
241:(GMP), serves about 80 percent of Vermont's customers. The remaining customers are served by two non-profit cooperative utilities and 14 municipal utilities. GMP became the state's largest power company through its merger with Central Vermont Public Service (CVPS) in 2012.
81:
Vermont, like most of the US, relies on gasoline and diesel as primary vehicle fuels. Electric vehicle charging stations are still uncommon in rural areas, and electric vehicles (whose batteries are affected by cold climates) are not in widespread use.
201:
The state has 78 hydro power dams with a combined capacity of 143 MW, about 12 percent of the state's total requirement. Vermont experts estimate that the state has the capacity to ultimately generate from 134 to 175 MW of electricity from hydro power.
218:, maintain lower voltage subtransmission lines (below 69 kV) which bring power from the major VELCO transmission substations to smaller distribution substations as well as the distribution lines that bring power from substations to customers.
307:
had signed an agreement. By 2010 these issues were considered fully settled and a comprehensive agreement between Quebec and
Vermont guaranteed the latter a reliable supply of hydroelectric power via the massive HQ transmission corridor.
1769:
31:. Together this single company represents 70% of the retail customers in Vermont. The state is a small electricity consumer compared with other states. Therefore, its electricity sector has the lowest
226:
In 2005, the inhabitants of the state used an average of 5,883 kilowatt hours of electricity per capita. Another source says that each household consumed 7,100 kilowatt-hours annually in 2008.
2000:
132:
ruled in favour of public and thus also ratepayer subsidies that achieve economic development goals. Accordingly, there was no regulatory barrier to deploying grid fiber for this need.
893:
250:
where retail rates were $ .07-.09 per kwh. In 2009, the state had the highest energy rates for energy (including heating) in the US and the worst affordability gap nationwide.
458:
709:
1804:
758:
1944:
695:
341:
Vermont through the 2010s had the highest rate of nuclear-generated power in the nation, 73.7 percent. Vermont was also one of only two states with no coal-fired
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estimates that about $ 300/year in savings can be achieved simply by monitoring power use effectively via passive device replacements and by monitoring enabled by
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816:
968:
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1929:
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1219:
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121:
729:
Coutts, Jim (28 June 2009). "My Turn: Vermont's energy support program is long overdue". Burlington, Vermont: Burlington Free Press. pp. 7B.
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993:
978:
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444:
158:, its northern neighbor, to fulfill part of its energy needs. A first long-term supply contract has been signed between Vermont utilities and
1234:
1889:
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1814:
879:
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The state's strategy to reduce costs focused on reliability, outages and maintenance, including the rollout of one of the best-connected
1299:
588:
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1224:
933:
429:
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321:
64:
1934:
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1861:
1856:
1851:
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1484:
988:
916:
141:
569:
116:" and latency-sensitive protocols that respond to shifts in demand in under 50ms (one-twentieth of a second) to prevent problems.
47:
Vermont also has arguably the most technologically advanced transmission grid in the US, linked by 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of
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28:
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implementations in the United States. In 2012 the state, VELCO and all 20 distribution utilities built (with contractor
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159:
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902:
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Vermont does not allow customers to shop for competitive energy suppliers. The state's sole investor owned utility,
1995:
1868:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1664:
1369:
1284:
1116:
632:
Baird, Joel Banner (9 August 2009). "Vermont Dam
Dilemma". Burlington, Vermont: Burlington Free Press. pp. 1D.
418:
Linowes, Lisa (8 December 2010). "Vermont's pending price shock". Barton, Vermont: The Barton
Chronicle. p. 6.
357:
349:
1959:
1924:
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1399:
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943:
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1939:
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1364:
1339:
1121:
921:
55:
applications but also for connectivity purposes for
Vermont communities. The state-owned transmission utility
299:
in the 1980s and 1990s. It was one of the customers that refused to buy imported power from Quebec until the
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316:
181:
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Despite the closing of
Vermont Yankee, the state continued to rely on nuclear fission power imported from
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20:
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1324:
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1151:
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926:
60:
48:
113:
1709:
1669:
1579:
1136:
1101:
1091:
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1026:
1016:
958:
261:
40:
1181:
1066:
1036:
953:
689:
286:
195:
617:
Dunbar, Bethany M. (10 February 2010). "Dairy farmers are making more than milk these days".
596:
125:
1141:
1106:
1076:
1051:
1011:
32:
1954:
1156:
1056:
325:
265:
211:
674:
368:
162:
1131:
1071:
1046:
948:
840:
364:
300:
191:
1989:
1973:
445:"VELCO Network Highlights Potential And Challenge Of Statewide Fiber-Optic Broadband"
35:
in the country. As of 2010, the state had the lowest wholesale electricity costs in
296:
787:
759:"Efficiency Vermont's new online energy tool for utility customers - Metering.com"
165:
on July 25, 1984. The contract was renewed for 26 years in a deal signed in 2010.
523:
342:
269:
36:
871:
254:
146:
In 2013, the total summer generating capacity of
Vermont was 1,235 megawatts.
105:
52:
24:
363:
As of 2010, most of the energy was purchased wholesale for distribution from
353:
292:
128:
have reached many
Vermont towns using public backhaul already. In 2015 the
713:
658:
Gresser, Joseph (November 5, 2008). "VEC seeks a 9.2 percent rate hike".
371:. The costs at Vermont Yankee were about 3 to 5 cents per kilowatt hour.
19:
electric power needs are served by over twenty utilities. The largest is
486:
549:"Governor, Premier announce preliminary Vermont-Hydro-Québec agreement"
375:
16:
155:
91:
on-demand pump, rather than operating only when the wind is blowing.
345:, which nuclear proponents often cited as a reason to keep it open.
817:"Vermont Yankee nuclear plant shutdown complete - The Boston Globe"
710:
What's the
Greenest Place in America? Hint: It Has 8 Million People
315:
304:
190:
In May 2009, Vermont created the first statewide renewable energy
338:
The Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant was commissioned in 1972.
59:(Vermont Electric Power Company) has marketed this capacity for
875:
129:
109:
788:"NRC: Operating Nuclear Power Reactors (by Location or Name)"
459:"FCC Ruling on Community Broadband a 'Relief' for Supporters"
589:"Vermont first state to pass renewable energy feed-in law"
507:
Bolduc, André; Hogue, Clarence; Larouche, Daniel (1989).
210:
All Vermont utilities get their power from lines run by
56:
198:
in the nation, Vermont led the nation with six online.
291:
Vermont become embroiled in the controversy regarding
430:"Vermont and IBM Build Fiber Network for Smart Grid"
1882:
1787:
1752:
1513:
1243:
1197:
1190:
1002:
909:
621:. Barton, Vermont: The Barton Chronicle. p. 1.
673:U.S. Per Capita Electricity Use By State In 2005.
2001:Energy in the United States by state or territory
348:Anti-nuclear political pressure ramped up after
229:Retail sales in 2013 totalled 5.5 million MWh.
887:
738:
736:
379:license was set to expire on March 21, 2032.
8:
724:
722:
551:(Press release). Hydro-Québec. 11 March 2010
841:"NRC license renewal letter March 22, 2011"
694:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
645:Panel considers small hydro power potential
509:Hydro-Québec After 100 Years of Electricity
1194:
894:
880:
872:
570:"Pain from Closing Vermont Yankee Lingers"
511:. Montreal: Libre-Expression. p. 318.
104:Vermont has one of the most sophisticated
867:Map of Vermont energy coverage by company
745:My Turn: Truths, half-truths about energy
413:
411:
409:
154:Since the 1980s, the state has turned to
743:Handelsman, Richard (December 1, 2008).
524:"New England plugs into Canadian energy"
405:
122:National Broadband Plan (United States)
979:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
687:
481:
479:
7:
170:Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant
77:Plug-in electric vehicles in Vermont
643:Gresser, Joseph (August 20, 2008).
522:Osterlund, Peter (July 19, 1984).
334:Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant
322:Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant
14:
142:List of power stations in Vermont
67:and commercial ISPs as backhaul.
801:Hemingway, Sam (July 20, 2008).
194:. In 2010, there were about 150
86:Industrial and agricultural uses
51:which is available not only for
846:. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
295:hydroelectric developments by
29:Central Vermont Public Service
27:which recently also took over
1:
528:The Christian Science Monitor
984:Renewable portfolio standard
903:Energy in the United States
389:Energy in the United States
2017:
1779:Vehicle emission standards
358:Fukushima nuclear disaster
350:Three Mile Island accident
331:
284:
179:
139:
74:
1968:
487:"State Electric Profiles"
396:(Texas, formerly Vermont)
233:Retail industry structure
1765:Greenhouse gas emissions
974:Offshore drilling debate
944:Energy Policy Act (2005)
939:Energy Policy Act (1992)
805:. Burlington Free Press.
747:. Burlington Free Press.
367:nuclear power plant and
647:. The Barton Chronicle.
1770:State and territory CO
574:Northwest Clean Energy
329:
182:Solar power in Vermont
1788:Governmental agencies
969:Nuclear energy policy
394:Green Mountain Energy
319:
186:Wind power in Vermont
180:Further information:
75:Further information:
1753:Environmental issues
803:Nukes by the numbers
660:The Barton Chronicle
239:Green Mountain Power
216:Green Mountain Power
44:New England states.
21:Green Mountain Power
989:Secretary of Energy
917:Energy independence
619:bartonchronicle.com
593:Biomassmagazine.com
356:and especially the
61:municipal broadband
49:optical fiber cable
959:Fossil fuels lobby
716:, December 4, 2009
330:
262:Efficiency Vermont
245:Cost (to consumer)
124:. Providers like
41:Efficiency Vermont
23:, a subsidiary of
1996:Energy in Vermont
1983:
1982:
1748:
1747:
994:Smart grid policy
964:Hydropower policy
954:Federal Power Act
287:James Bay Project
196:methane digesters
2008:
1490:Washington, D.C.
1195:
949:Energy subsidies
910:Politics and law
896:
889:
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765:. Archived from
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461:. Archived from
455:
449:
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426:
420:
419:
415:
374:In August 2013,
176:Renewable energy
160:government-owned
120:mandated by the
33:carbon footprint
2016:
2015:
2011:
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2005:
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1878:
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1003:Energy by state
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861:Further reading
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821:BostonGlobe.com
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707:
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686:
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675:"Data – Swivel"
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360:in March 2011.
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266:home automation
247:
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212:ISO New England
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102:
97:
88:
79:
73:
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11:
5:
2014:
2012:
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1760:CAFE standards
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1660:North Carolina
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1450:South Carolina
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1415:North Carolina
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587:Austin, Anna.
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365:Vermont Yankee
332:Main article:
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312:Vermont Yankee
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301:James Bay Cree
285:Main article:
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1974:Energy portal
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769:on 2015-09-10
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489:. Eia.doe.gov
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465:on 2015-08-21
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71:Vehicle fuels
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1972:
1695:South Dakota
1690:Rhode Island
1685:Pennsylvania
1665:North Dakota
1455:South Dakota
1445:Rhode Island
1440:Pennsylvania
1420:North Dakota
1161:
1127:North Dakota
1005:or territory
848:. Retrieved
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:
811:
802:
796:
782:
771:. Retrieved
767:the original
763:Metering.com
762:
753:
744:
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679:. Retrieved
677:. Swivel.com
668:
659:
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638:
627:
618:
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601:. Retrieved
597:the original
592:
582:
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553:. Retrieved
543:
531:. Retrieved
527:
517:
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491:. Retrieved
467:. Retrieved
463:the original
453:
443:Steve Zind.
438:
424:
373:
369:Hydro-Québec
362:
347:
343:power plants
340:
337:
297:Hydro Quebec
290:
270:smart meters
260:
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236:
228:
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209:
206:Transmission
200:
189:
167:
163:Hydro-Québec
153:
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118:
103:
89:
80:
46:
15:
1550:Connecticut
1370:Mississippi
1285:Connecticut
1147:Puerto Rico
1032:Connecticut
192:feed-in law
95:Electricity
37:New England
1990:Categories
1725:Washington
1650:New Mexico
1645:New Jersey
1540:California
1485:Washington
1405:New Mexico
1400:New Jersey
1275:California
1215:Geothermal
1167:Washington
1112:New Mexico
1022:California
922:Energy law
850:2019-08-06
826:2022-10-16
773:2015-08-12
681:2010-07-31
603:2010-07-31
555:2010-10-06
533:January 1,
493:2015-09-14
469:2015-08-12
255:smart grid
140:See also:
106:smart grid
53:smart grid
1774:emissions
1735:Wisconsin
1700:Tennessee
1615:Minnesota
1500:Wisconsin
1460:Tennessee
1365:Minnesota
1340:Louisiana
1235:Renewable
1230:Petroleum
1177:Wisconsin
1152:Tennessee
1097:Minnesota
1082:Louisiana
354:Chernobyl
293:James Bay
281:James Bay
1720:Virginia
1675:Oklahoma
1655:New York
1630:Nebraska
1620:Missouri
1610:Michigan
1600:Maryland
1590:Kentucky
1570:Illinois
1555:Delaware
1545:Colorado
1535:Arkansas
1480:Virginia
1430:Oklahoma
1410:New York
1385:Nebraska
1375:Missouri
1360:Michigan
1350:Maryland
1335:Kentucky
1315:Illinois
1290:Delaware
1280:Colorado
1270:Arkansas
1245:Solar by
1198:Material
1137:Oklahoma
1117:New York
1102:Missouri
1092:Michigan
1062:Illinois
1027:Colorado
1017:Arkansas
927:New York
714:AOL News
690:cite web
383:See also
1740:Wyoming
1715:Vermont
1625:Montana
1575:Indiana
1530:Arizona
1515:Wind by
1505:Wyoming
1475:Vermont
1380:Montana
1320:Indiana
1300:Georgia
1295:Florida
1265:Arizona
1255:Alabama
1225:Nuclear
1205:Biofuel
1191:Sources
1182:Wyoming
1162:Vermont
1067:Indiana
1042:Georgia
1037:Florida
376:Entergy
276:History
172:in NH.
150:Imports
126:ECFiber
25:Énergir
17:Vermont
1680:Oregon
1635:Nevada
1585:Kansas
1560:Hawaii
1525:Alaska
1435:Oregon
1390:Nevada
1330:Kansas
1305:Hawaii
1260:Alaska
1142:Oregon
1107:Nevada
1077:Kansas
1052:Hawaii
1012:Alaska
326:Vernon
268:or by
222:Demand
156:Quebec
136:Supply
1945:NRECA
1890:ACORE
1705:Texas
1595:Maine
1565:Idaho
1517:state
1465:Texas
1345:Maine
1310:Idaho
1247:state
1157:Texas
1057:Idaho
844:(PDF)
401:Notes
324:, in
305:Inuit
57:VELCO
1935:EPRI
1930:EESI
1915:BTEC
1910:AWEA
1905:ASES
1900:APPA
1874:USGS
1862:WAPA
1857:SWPA
1852:SEPA
1842:PMAs
1832:FERC
1815:NREL
1805:EERE
1795:CARB
1710:Utah
1670:Ohio
1580:Iowa
1470:Utah
1425:Ohio
1325:Iowa
1210:Coal
1132:Ohio
1072:Iowa
1047:Guam
696:link
535:2014
320:The
303:and
184:and
100:Grid
65:WISP
1960:RMI
1955:PIA
1950:PFI
1940:NEI
1925:EEI
1920:EBI
1895:API
1869:TVA
1847:BPA
1837:NRC
1827:EPA
1810:EIA
1800:DOE
712:,
130:FCC
110:IBM
39:.
1992::
1820:OE
819:.
761:.
735:^
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688:{{
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328:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.