1472:. This allows each device on the cable to transfer data at its own best speed. Even with earlier adapters without independent timing, this effect applies only to the data transfer phase of a read or write operation. This is caused by the omission of both overlapped and queued feature sets from most parallel ATA products. Only one device on a cable can perform a read or write operation at one time; therefore, a fast device on the same cable as a slow device under heavy use will find it has to wait for the slow device to complete its task first. However, most modern devices will report write operations as complete once the data is stored in their onboard cache memory, before the data is written to the (slow) magnetic storage. This allows commands to be sent to the other device on the cable, reducing the impact of the "one operation at a time" limit. The impact of this on a system's performance depends on the application. For example, when copying data from an optical drive to a hard drive (such as during software installation), this effect probably will not matter. Such jobs are necessarily limited by the speed of the optical drive no matter where it is. But if the hard drive in question is also expected to provide good throughput for other tasks at the same time, it probably should not be on the same cable as the optical drive.
1613:
DEVICE" ATA command. There is an attempt limit, normally set to 5, after which the disk must be power cycled or hard-reset before unlocking can be attempted again. Also in High security mode, the SECURITY ERASE UNIT command can be used with either the User or Master password. In
Maximum security mode, the device can be unlocked only with the User password. If the User password is not available, the only remaining way to get at least the bare hardware back to a usable state is to issue the SECURITY ERASE PREPARE command, immediately followed by SECURITY ERASE UNIT. In Maximum security mode, the SECURITY ERASE UNIT command requires the Master password and will completely erase all data on the disk. Word 89 in the IDENTIFY response indicates how long the operation will take. While the ATA lock is intended to be impossible to defeat without a valid password, there are purported workarounds to unlock a device.
1574:" (TCQ), a reference to a set of features from SCSI which the ATA version attempts to emulate. However, support for these is extremely rare in actual parallel ATA products and device drivers because these feature sets were implemented in such a way as to maintain software compatibility with its heritage as originally an extension of the ISA bus. This implementation resulted in excessive CPU utilization which largely negated the advantages of command queuing. By contrast, overlapped and queued operations have been common in other storage buses; in particular, SCSI's version of tagged command queuing had no need to be compatible with APIs designed for ISA, allowing it to attain high performance with low overhead on buses which supported first party DMA like PCI. This has long been seen as a major advantage of SCSI.
757:
1322:
2629:
1645:
1653:
alongside, or on top of the computer case, and the standard cable length is too short to permit this. For ease of reach from motherboard to device, the connectors tend to be positioned towards the front edge of motherboards, for connection to devices protruding from the front of the computer case. This front-edge position makes extension out the back to an external device even more difficult. Ribbon cables are poorly shielded, and the standard relies upon the cabling to be installed inside a shielded computer case to meet RF emissions limits.
38:
1370:
ground conductors to the ground pins, while the connectors for the 40-conductor cable connect ground conductors to ground pins one-to-one. 80-conductor cables usually come with three differently colored connectors (blue, black, and gray for controller, master drive, and slave drive respectively) as opposed to uniformly colored 40-conductor cable's connectors (commonly all gray). The gray connector on 80-conductor cables has pin 28 CSEL not connected, making it the slave position for drives configured cable select.
1005:
earlier ST-506 interface, but were generally meaningless for ATA—the CHS parameters for later ATA large drives often specified impossibly high numbers of heads or sectors that did not actually define the internal physical layout of the drive at all. From the start, and up to ATA-2, every user had to specify explicitly how large every attached drive was. From ATA-2 on, an "identify drive" command was implemented that can be sent and which will return all drive parameters.
1605:
unlocked. A device can have two passwords: A User
Password and a Master Password; either or both may be set. There is a Master Password identifier feature which, if supported and used, can identify the current Master Password (without disclosing it). The Master Password, if set, can used by the administrator to cancel two (Master and User) passwords if the end user forgot the User Password. On some laptops and some business computers, their
812:, the bridge was especially simple in case of an ATA connector being located on an ISA interface card. The integrated controller presented the drive to the host computer as an array of 512-byte blocks with a relatively simple command interface. This relieved the mainboard and interface cards in the host computer of the chores of stepping the disk head arm, moving the head arm in and out, and so on, as had to be done with earlier
4662:
1216:, for example the Intel ICH10, had removed support for PATA. Motherboard vendors still wishing to offer Parallel ATA with those chipsets must include an additional interface chip. In more recent computers, the Parallel ATA interface is rarely used even if present, as four or more Serial ATA connectors are usually provided on the motherboard and SATA devices of all types are common.
729:. The original ATA specifications published by the standards committees use the name "AT Attachment". The "AT" in the IBM PC/AT referred to "Advanced Technology" so ATA has also been referred to as "Advanced Technology Attachment". When a newer Serial ATA (SATA) was introduced in 2003, the original ATA was renamed to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short.
47:
1330:
205:
1684:
rotational latency. Hard drive performance under most workloads is limited first and second by those two factors; the transfer rate on the bus is a distant third in importance. Therefore, transfer speed limits above 66 MB/s really affect performance only when the hard drive can satisfy all I/O requests by reading from its internal
1567:
host interface. A useful mental model is that the host ATA interface is busy with the first request for its entire duration, and therefore can not be told about another request until the first one is complete. The function of serializing requests to the interface is usually performed by a device driver in the host operating system.
902:(SFF) allowed ATA to be used for a variety of other devices that require functions beyond those necessary for hard disk drives. For example, any removable media device needs a "media eject" command, and a way for the host to determine whether the media is present, and these were not provided in the ATA protocol.
1558:) device on a two-drive cable, using the black connector, there is no cable stub to cause reflections (the unused connector is now in the middle of the ribbon). Also, cable select is now implemented in the grey middle device connector, usually simply by omitting the pin 28 contact from the connector body.
777:(the initial customer), they worked with various disk drive manufacturers to develop and ship early products with the goal of remaining software compatible with the existing IBM PC hard drive interface. The first such drives appeared internally in Compaq PCs in 1986 and were first separately offered by
2587:
A BIOS implementing ARMD allows the user to include ARMD devices in the boot search order. Usually an ARMD device is configured earlier in the boot order than the hard drive. Similarly to a floppy drive, if bootable media is present in the ARMD drive, the BIOS will boot from it; if not, the BIOS will
1467:
There are many debates about how much a slow device can impact the performance of a faster device on the same cable. On early ATA host adapters, both devices' data transfers can be constrained to the speed of the slower device, if two devices of different speed capabilities are on the same cable. For
760:
Example of a 1992 80386 PC motherboard with nothing built in other than memory, keyboard, processor, cache, realtime clock, and slots. Such basic motherboards could have been outfitted with either the ST-506 or ATA interface, but usually not both. A single 2-drive ATA interface and a floppy interface
1668:
The following table shows the names of the versions of the ATA standards and the transfer modes and rates supported by each. Note that the transfer rate for each mode (for example, 66.7 MB/s for UDMA4, commonly called "Ultra-DMA 66", defined by ATA-5) gives its maximum theoretical transfer rate
1197:
Parallel ATA (then simply called ATA or IDE) became the primary storage device interface for PCs soon after its introduction. In some systems, a third and fourth motherboard interface was provided, allowing up to eight ATA devices to be attached to the motherboard. Often, these additional connectors
1566:
The parallel ATA protocols up through ATA-3 require that once a command has been given on an ATA interface, it must complete before any subsequent command may be given. Operations on the devices must be serialized‍—‌with only one operation in progress at a time‍—‌with respect to the ATA
1526:
manually, this configuration does not need to correspond to their position on the cable. Pin 28 is only used to let the drives know their position on the cable; it is not used by the host when communicating with the drives. In other words, the manual master/slave setting using jumpers on the drives
909:
commands and responses; therefore, all ATAPI devices are actually "speaking SCSI" other than at the electrical interface. The SCSI commands and responses are embedded in "packets" (hence "ATA Packet
Interface") for transmission on the ATA cable. This allows any device class for which a SCSI command
712:
Parallel ATA cables have a maximum allowable length of 18 in (457 mm). Because of this limit, the technology normally appears as an internal computer storage interface. For many years, ATA provided the most common and the least expensive interface for this application. It has largely been
2643:
is essentially a miniaturized ATA interface, intended for use on devices that use flash memory storage. No interfacing chips or circuitry are required, other than to directly adapt the smaller CF socket onto the larger ATA connector. (Although most CF cards only support IDE mode up to PIO4, making
2591:
There are two variants of ARMD, ARMD-FDD and ARMD-HDD. Originally ARMD caused the devices to appear as a sort of very large floppy drive, either the primary floppy drive device 00h or the secondary device 01h. Some operating systems required code changes to support floppy disks with capacities far
1656:
External hard disk drives or optical disk drives that have an internal PATA interface, use some other interface technology to bridge the distance between the external device and the computer. USB is the most common external interface, followed by
Firewire. A bridge chip inside the external devices
1612:
A device can be locked in two modes: High security mode or
Maximum security mode. Bit 8 in word 128 of the IDENTIFY response shows which mode the disk is in: 0 = High, 1 = Maximum. In High security mode, the device can be unlocked with either the User or Master password, using the "SECURITY UNLOCK
2647:
The ATA connector specification does not include pins for supplying power to a CF device, so power is inserted into the connector from a separate source. The exception to this is when the CF device is connected to a 44-pin ATA bus designed for 2.5-inch hard disk drives, commonly found in notebook
1652:
Due to a short cable length specification and shielding issues it is extremely uncommon to find external PATA devices that directly use PATA for connection to a computer. A device connected externally needs additional cable length to form a U-shaped bend so that the external device may be placed
1604:
ATA devices may support an optional security feature which is defined in an ATA specification, and thus not specific to any brand or device. The security feature can be enabled and disabled by sending special ATA commands to the drive. If a device is locked, it will refuse all access until it is
1369:
Though the number of conductors doubled, the number of connector pins and the pinout remain the same as 40-conductor cables, and the external appearance of the connectors is identical. Internally, the connectors are different; the connectors for the 80-conductor cable connect a larger number of
1004:
BIOS using a type number (1 through 45) that predefined the C/H/S parameters and also often the landing zone, in which the drive heads are parked while not in use. Later, a "user definable" format called C/H/S or cylinders, heads, sectors was made available. These numbers were important for the
985:
for different speed enhancements to the ATA/ATAPI standards. For example, in 2000 Western
Digital published a document describing "Ultra ATA/100", which brought performance improvements for the then-current ATA/ATAPI-5 standard by improving maximum speed of the Parallel ATA interface from 66 to
820:
hard drives. All of these low-level details of the mechanical operation of the drive were now handled by the controller on the drive itself. This also eliminated the need to design a single controller that could handle many different types of drives, since the controller could be unique for the
1702:
to detect errors in data transfer between the controller and drive. This is a 16-bit CRC, and it is used for data blocks only. Transmission of command and status blocks do not use the fast signaling methods that would necessitate CRC. For comparison, in Serial ATA, 32-bit CRC is used for both
1087:
It was eventually determined that these size limitations could be overridden with a small program loaded at startup from a hard drive's boot sector. Some hard drive manufacturers, such as
Western Digital, started including these override utilities with large hard drives to help overcome these
854:
In 1994, about the same time that the ATA-1 standard was adopted, Western
Digital introduced drives under a newer name, Enhanced IDE (EIDE). These included most of the features of the forthcoming ATA-2 specification and several additional enhancements. Other manufacturers introduced their own
1538:
on the middle connector. This arrangement eventually was standardized in later versions. However, it had one drawback: if there is just one master device on a 2-drive cable, using the middle connector, this results in an unused stub of cable, which is undesirable for physical convenience and
1683:
existed in 2005 that were capable of measured sustained transfer rates of above 80 MB/s. Furthermore, sustained transfer rate tests do not give realistic throughput expectations for most workloads: They use I/O loads specifically designed to encounter almost no delays from seek time or
1254:-inch pitch), with a gap or key at pin 20. Earlier connectors may not have that gap, with all 40 pins available. Thus, later cables with the gap filled in are incompatible with earlier connectors, although earlier cables are compatible with later connectors.
973:" transfer modes. These initially supported speeds from 16 to 33 MB/s. In later versions, faster Ultra DMA modes were added, requiring new 80-wire cables to reduce crosstalk. The latest versions of Parallel ATA support up to 133 MB/s.
1140:). As a consequence, any ATA drive of capacity larger than about 137 GB must be an ATA-6 or later drive. Connecting such a drive to a host with an ATA-5 or earlier interface will limit the usable capacity to the maximum of the interface.
1088:
problems. However, if the computer was booted in some other manner without loading the special utility, the invalid BIOS settings would be used and the drive could either be inaccessible or appear to the operating system to be damaged.
1008:
Owing to a lack of foresight by motherboard manufacturers, the system BIOS was often hobbled by artificial C/H/S size limitations due to the manufacturer assuming certain values would never exceed a particular numerical maximum.
1243:
interfacing with the rest of the computer system. The remaining connector(s) plug into storage devices, most commonly hard disk drives or optical drives. Each connector has 39 physical pins arranged into two rows (2.54 mm,
2523:
ATAPI devices with removable media, other than CD and DVD drives, are classified as ARMD (ATAPI Removable Media Device) and can appear as either a super-floppy (non-partitioned media) or a hard drive (partitioned media) to the
1337:
ATA's cables have had 40 conductors for most of its history (44 conductors for the smaller form-factor version used for 2.5" drives—the extra four for power), but an 80-conductor version appeared with the introduction of the
1289:
Pin 28 of the gray (slave/middle) connector of an 80-conductor cable is not attached to any conductor of the cable. It is attached normally on the black (master drive end) and blue (motherboard end) connectors. This enables
1276:
and is not used. This pin's socket on the female connector is often obstructed, requiring pin 20 to be omitted from the male cable or drive connector; it is thus impossible to plug it in the wrong way round. However, some
2583:
device. However, existing BIOS standards did not support these devices. An ARMD-compliant BIOS allows these devices to be booted from and used under the operating system without requiring device-specific code in the OS.
1631:
entire disks the built-in Secure Erase command is effective when implemented correctly. There have been a few reported instances of failures to erase some or all data. On some laptops and some business computers, their
1312:
A 44-pin variant PATA connector is used for 2.5 inch drives inside laptops. The pins are closer together (2.0 mm pitch) and the connector is physically smaller than the 40-pin connector. The extra pins carry power.
1302:
Pin 34 is connected to ground inside the blue connector of an 80-conductor cable but not attached to any conductor of the cable, allowing for detection of such a cable. It is attached normally on the gray and black
869:
3.1.7 Device: Device is a storage peripheral. Traditionally, a device on the ATA interface has been a hard disk drive, but any form of storage device may be placed on the ATA interface provided it adheres to this
1669:
on the cable. This is simply two bytes multiplied by the effective clock rate, and presumes that every clock cycle is used to transfer end-user data. In practice, of course, protocol overhead reduces this value.
701:(IDE) interface. As a result, many near-synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations are still in common informal use, in particular Extended IDE (EIDE) and Ultra ATA (UATA). After the introduction of
939:
The SCSI commands and responses used by each class of ATAPI device (CD-ROM, tape, etc.) are described in other documents or specifications specific to those device classes and are not within ATA/ATAPI or the
2651:
CF devices can be designated as devices 0 or 1 on an ATA interface, though since most CF devices offer only a single socket, it is not necessary to offer this selection to end users. Although CF can be
913:
ATAPI devices are also "speaking ATA", as the ATA physical interface and protocol are still being used to send the packets. On the other hand, ATA hard drives and solid state drives do not use ATAPI.
1107:
The first drive interface used 22-bit addressing mode which resulted in a maximum drive capacity of two gigabytes. Later, the first formalized ATA specification used a 28-bit addressing mode through
2113:
2101:
2089:
1581:(NCQ) since its first release, but it is an optional feature for both host adapters and target devices. Many obsolete PC motherboards do not support NCQ, but modern SATA hard disk drives and SATA
3738:
721:
The standard was originally conceived as the "AT Bus
Attachment," officially called "AT Attachment" and abbreviated "ATA" because its primary feature was a direct connection to the 16-bit
2596:. Later the ARMD-HDD, ARMD-"Hard disk device", variant was developed to address these issues. Under ARMD-HDD, an ARMD device appears to the BIOS and the operating system as a hard drive.
3823:
732:
Physical ATA interfaces became a standard component in all PCs, initially on host bus adapters, sometimes on a sound card but ultimately as two physical interfaces embedded in a
689:
The
Parallel ATA standard is the result of a long history of incremental technical development, which began with the original AT Attachment interface, developed for use in early
1691:
As of July 2021, mechanical hard disk drives can transfer data at up to 524 MB/s, which is far beyond the capabilities of the PATA/133 specification. High-performance
2177:
756:
1570:
The ATA-4 and subsequent versions of the specification have included an "overlapped feature set" and a "queued feature set" as optional features, both being given the name "
1492:, according to its position on the cable. Cable select is controlled by pin 28. The host adapter grounds this pin; if a device sees that the pin is grounded, it becomes the
2961:
Nitin Vengurlekar, Murali Vallath, Rich Long, Oracle Automatic Storage Management: Under-the-Hood & Practical Deployment Guide, McGraw Hill Professional - 2007, page 6
1894:
1162:, do not support 48-bit LBA at all. However, members of the third-party group MSFN have modified the Windows 98 disk drivers to add unofficial support for 48-bit LBA to
3842:
1281:
drives can use pin 20 as VCC_in to power the drive without requiring a special power cable; this feature can only be used if the equipment supports this use of pin 20.
3460:
1223:'s withdrawal from the PATA market, hard disk drives with the PATA interface were no longer in production after December 2013 for other than specialty applications.
3285:
3212:
3133:
2740:
2592:
larger than any standard floppy disk drive. Also, standard-floppy disk drive emulation proved to be unsuitable for certain high-capacity floppy disk drives such as
2993:
1484:
was described as optional in ATA-1 and has come into fairly widespread use with ATA-5 and later. A drive set to "cable select" automatically configures itself as
1530:
With the 40-conductor cable, it was very common to implement cable select by simply cutting the pin 28 wire between the two device connectors; putting the slave
1354:. Capacitive coupling is more of a problem at higher transfer rates, and this change was necessary to enable the 66 megabytes per second (MB/s) transfer rate of
3369:
Disk-based memory (hard drives), solid state disk devices such as USB drives, DVD-based storage, bit rates, bus speeds, and network speeds, are specified using
1672:
Congestion on the host bus to which the ATA adapter is attached may also limit the maximum burst transfer rate. For example, the maximum data transfer rate for
1016:, because some motherboard BIOSes would not allow C/H/S values above 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors. Multiplied by 512 bytes per sector, this totals
792:
being integrated into the drive, as opposed to a separate controller situated at the other side of the connection cable to the drive. On an IBM PC compatible,
2048:
1951:
821:
drive. The host need only to ask for a particular sector, or block, to be read or written, and either accept the data from the drive or send the data to it.
1990:
3410:
2919:
2147:
2110:
2098:
2086:
4102:
1585:
usually support NCQ, which is not the case for removable (CD/DVD) drives because the ATAPI command set used to control them prohibits queued operations.
1333:
Comparison between ATA cables: 40-conductor ribbon cable (top), and 80-conductor ribbon cable (bottom). In both cases, a 40-pin female connector is used.
2884:
2850:
1903:
1865:
1810:
4630:
3691:
4259:
1554:
goes on the grey middle connector, and the blue connector goes to the host (e.g. motherboard IDE connector, or IDE card). So, if there is only one (
4122:
3717:
1084:), commonly referred to as the 8.4 gigabyte barrier. This is again a limit imposed by x86 BIOSes, and not a limit imposed by the ATA interface.
3929:
3067:
1209:(SATA) in 2003, use of Parallel ATA declined. Some PCs and laptops of the era have a SATA hard disk and an optical drive connected to PATA.
4699:
4310:
3981:
1464:
typically refers to the two IDE cables, which can have two drives each (primary master, primary slave, secondary master, secondary slave).
4657:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
3827:
3307:
4363:
4202:
4132:
2665:
3745:
2174:
4192:
3763:
3485:
1937:
AT Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI) (support for CD-ROM, tape drives etc.), Optional overlapped and queued command set features,
1657:
converts from the USB interface to PATA, and typically only supports a single external device without cable select or master/slave.
3148:
4290:
4689:
3327:
3015:
2575:, and programming requirements unlike either. Due to limitations in the floppy controller interface most of these devices were
1321:
1155:
by default, requiring the user to take extra steps to use the entire capacity of an ATA drive larger than about 137 gigabytes.
2628:
4082:
3352:
836:
801:
3853:
2824:
2656:
with additional design methods, by default when wired directly to an ATA interface, it is not intended to be hot-pluggable.
1644:
4634:
4285:
4254:
3464:
2616:
instead of directly connecting them to a PATA host adapter. This permitted the established block protocol to be reused in
2034:
1273:
817:
2747:
4694:
4232:
2989:
2029:
698:
986:
100 MB/s. Most of Western Digital's changes, along with others, were included in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard (2002).
4558:
4497:
4352:
4016:
1688:—a very unusual situation, especially considering that such data is usually already buffered by the operating system.
982:
899:
2773:
4157:
3922:
3045:
1621:
1445:
for this configuration (Western Digital, in particular). Also, depending on the hardware and software available, a
1232:
2045:
1948:
37:
4212:
3687:
2706:
2697:
1987:
3414:
2928:
2144:
3435:
2632:
Compact flash is a miniature ATA interface, slightly modified to be able to also supply power to the CF device.
1760:
995:
832:
1550:
device goes at the far-from-the-host end of the 18-inch (460 mm) cable on the black connector, the slave
862:(X3.279-1996), was approved in 1996. It included most of the features of the manufacturer-specific variants.
4665:
4640:
4532:
4187:
3907:
2893:
2859:
2255:
1900:
1862:
1807:
1742:
1699:
1351:
898:
and devices that could emulate them. The introduction of ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface) by a group called the
733:
3713:
2979:
Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing PCs - Chapter 7. The ATA/IDE Interface, Que Publishing, Jun 22, 2015
2952:
William Rothwell, LPIC-2 Cert Guide: (201-400 and 202-400 exams), Pearson IT Certification - 2016, page 150
936:. Some early ATAPI devices were simply SCSI devices with an ATA/ATAPI to SCSI protocol converter added on.
4684:
4222:
1578:
1571:
191:
865:
ATA-2 also was the first to note that devices other than hard drives could be attached to the interface:
4486:
4439:
4295:
4067:
3915:
3591:
848:
636:
3609:
3075:
2970:
Simon Collin, Dictionary of Computing: Over 10,000 Terms Clearly Defined, A&C Black, 2009, page 67
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4335:
4217:
2617:
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2537:
2518:
2039:
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889:
683:
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Some 16-bit and 32-bit operating systems supporting LBA48 may still not support disks larger than 2
4394:
3949:
1938:
1594:
1347:
1096:
945:
1453:
drive (most often seen where an optical drive is the only device on the secondary ATA interface).
736:
chip on a motherboard. Called the "primary" and "secondary" ATA interfaces, they were assigned to
3938:
3279:
3206:
3127:
1692:
1540:
1504:
1418:
778:
664:
3486:"Information Technology - AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 5 (ATA/ATAPI-5) - Working Draft"
1648:
PATA to USB Adapter. It is mounted on the rear of a DVD-RW optical drive inside an external case
1265:
and were easier to handle; however, only ribbon cables are supported by the ATA specifications.
1394:). This distinction is necessary to allow both drives to share the cable without conflict. The
4384:
4006:
3942:
3300:
2805:
David A. Deming, The Essential Guide to Serial ATA and SATA Express, CRC Press - 2014, page 32
2677:
2609:
2579:
devices, connected to one of the host computer's ATA interfaces, similarly to a hard drive or
2545:
1628:
1582:
1527:
takes precedence and allows them to be freely placed on either connector of the ribbon cable.
1231:
Parallel ATA cables transfer data 16 bits at a time. The traditional cable uses 40-pin female
660:
1099:" (EDD) was made available, which makes it possible to address drives as large as 2 sectors.
4117:
3620:
2593:
2557:
2553:
2525:
1673:
1403:
1262:
1257:
Round parallel ATA cables (as opposed to ribbon cables) were eventually made available for '
941:
835:
and similar machines that used the 8-bit version of the ISA bus. It has been referred to as
789:
652:
3301:"Ultra ATA/100 Extends Existing Technology While Increasing Performance and Data Integrity"
3152:
2082:
1.0, Streaming feature set, long logical/physical sector feature set for non-packet devices
4247:
4097:
4077:
3952:
3542:
2353:
2315:
2181:
2151:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2052:
1994:
1955:
1907:
1886:
1869:
1844:
1814:
1784:
1598:
1220:
1163:
933:
895:
824:
The interface used by these drives was standardized in 1994 as ANSI standard X3.221-1994,
766:
694:
682:
committee. It uses the underlying AT Attachment (ATA) and AT Attachment Packet Interface (
656:
644:
633:
77:
3770:
3644:
3492:
3794:
3227:
2648:
computers, as this bus implementation must provide power to a standard hard disk drive.
4548:
4242:
4167:
4092:
3996:
3971:
3248:
3174:
2814:
Common Access Method AT Bus Attachment, Rev 1, April 1, 1989, CAM/89-002, CAM Committee
1012:
The first of these BIOS limits occurred when ATA drives reached sizes in excess of 504
737:
3397:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\atapi\Parameters\EnableBigLba = 1
3098:
4678:
4620:
4507:
4399:
4347:
4330:
4112:
4011:
4001:
3976:
3370:
2653:
2636:
1856:
1171:
828:. After later versions of the standard were developed, this became known as "ATA-1".
3665:
3331:
1468:
all modern ATA host adapters, this is not true, as modern ATA host adapters support
651:
in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. The connection is used for
4357:
4152:
4057:
3878:
3810:
2138:
1981:
1942:
1278:
1240:
1236:
1148:
805:
137:
115:
3617:
FAST'11: Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
3356:
3565:
3019:
2828:
1546:
Starting with the 80-conductor cable defined for use in ATAPI5/UDMA4, the master
765:
The first version of what is now called the ATA/ATAPI interface was developed by
4625:
4604:
4527:
4522:
4367:
4305:
4280:
4207:
3991:
3986:
2568:
1685:
1186:
1060:
925:
797:
168:
52:
1593:"ATA Secure Erase" redirects here. For ATA Secure Erase with flash memory, see
800:. The interface cards used to connect a parallel ATA drive to, for example, an
4478:
4177:
3966:
2572:
2171:
Data Set Management, Extended Power Conditions, CFast, additional stats., etc.
2079:
1680:
1676:
bus is 133 MB/s, and this is shared among all active devices on the bus.
1206:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1144:
981:
Ultra ATA, abbreviated UATA, is a designation that has been primarily used by
921:
668:
102:
1406:. In most personal computers the drives are often designated as "C:" for the
1121:) sectors (blocks) of 512 bytes each, resulting in a maximum capacity of 128
4502:
4492:
4459:
4454:
4389:
4264:
4052:
4037:
4032:
3624:
2561:
929:
726:
17:
3384:
2528:. These can be supported as bootable devices by a BIOS complying with the
4512:
4449:
4182:
4042:
3516:
2781:
2613:
2022:
2018:
1798:
1794:
1753:
1749:
1378:
If two devices are attached to a single cable, one must be designated as
1258:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1081:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1013:
706:
672:
3608:
Michael Wei; Laura M. Grupp; Frederick E. Spada; Steven Swanson (2011).
3074:. Computer History Museum Storage Special Interest Group. Archived from
3041:
1620:
drives, the security features, including lock passwords, was defined in
1496:(master) device; if it sees that pin 28 is open, the device becomes the
1449:
drive on a cable will often work reliably even though configured as the
1185:
due to using 32-bit arithmetic only; a limitation also applying to many
4645:
4599:
4583:
4409:
4227:
4172:
4107:
4062:
2682:
2549:
1329:
1213:
1092:
917:
809:
741:
722:
46:
1437:). If there is a single device on a cable, it should be configured as
4578:
4469:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4237:
4127:
4087:
4047:
2688:
2671:
2605:
2580:
2533:
1852:
1064:
831:
A short-lived, seldom-used implementation of ATA was created for the
813:
774:
679:
648:
640:
81:
4563:
4474:
2700: – Relationship between devices in which one controls the other
1239:. Each cable has two or three connectors, one of which plugs into a
204:
3843:"ATAPI Removable Media Device BIOS Specification, Version 1.0"
3577:
693:
equipment. The ATA interface itself evolved in several stages from
4573:
4464:
4404:
4342:
4315:
4197:
4147:
4072:
2627:
1643:
1398:
drive is the drive that usually appears "first" to the computer's
1346:, interleaved with the signal conductors to reduce the effects of
1320:
1152:
1108:
755:
690:
3517:"An Introduction to Parallel ATA (PATA) - Definition and History"
2927:(Technical report). ANSI ASC T13. INCITS 452-2008. Archived from
1441:. However, some certain era drives have a special setting called
4568:
4553:
4414:
4325:
4320:
4162:
2588:
continue in the search order, usually with the hard drive last.
2541:
2413:
1633:
1617:
1606:
1399:
1199:
1132:
ATA-6 introduced 48-bit addressing, increasing the limit to 128
970:
964:
906:
808:. Since the original ATA interface is essentially just a 16-bit
793:
745:
702:
3911:
3879:"CompactFlash cards and DMA/UDMA support in True IDE (tm) mode"
2892:(Technical report). ANSI ASC X3T10. X3.279-1996. Archived from
2801:
2799:
4517:
4142:
4137:
3714:"Intel Optane SSD DC P5800X Review: The Fastest SSD Ever Made"
2921:
AT Attachment 8 - ATA/ATAPI Command Set (ATA8-ACS) revision 6a
1182:
1001:
944:
committee's purview. One commonly used set is defined in the
796:
machine, or similar, this was typically a card installed on a
3016:"The PC Guide: Overview and History of the IDE/ATA Interface"
1599:
Disk formatting § Recovery of data from a formatted disk
1000:
Initially, the size of an ATA drive was stored in the system
2858:(Technical report). ANSI ASC X3. X3.221-1994. Archived from
1342:
mode. All of the additional conductors in the new cable are
3610:"Reliably Erasing Data From Flash-Based Solid State Drives"
3271:
AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4)
2886:
AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2) revision 4c
953:
AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4)
2644:
them much slower in IDE mode than their CF capable speed)
2141:
featuring non-volatile cache to speed up critical OS files
3902:
855:
variations of ATA-1 such as "Fast ATA" and "Fast ATA-2".
3795:"Direct Memory Access (DMA) Modes and Bus Mastering DMA"
1636:
can utilize Secure Erase to erase all data of the disk.
905:
ATAPI is a protocol allowing the ATA interface to carry
3228:"The PC Guide: SFF-8020 / ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI)"
2702:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
894:
ATA was originally designed for, and worked only with,
3385:"EnableBigLba Registry Setting in Windows 2000 and XP"
3269:
1261:' for cosmetic reasons, as well as claims of improved
1051:
The second of these BIOS limitations occurred at 1024
3149:"Data Recovery and Hard Disk Drive Glossary of Terms"
2726:
951:
ATAPI was adopted as part of ATA in INCITS 317-1998,
910:
set has been defined to be interfaced via ATA/ATAPI.
2778:
What Is? The Information for Your Computer Questions
2741:"Serial ATA: A Comparison with Ultra ATA Technology"
2693:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1945:
Association (CFA) feature set for solid state drives
1421:
on the device itself, which must be manually set to
1414:
referring to one active primary partitions on each.
4613:
4592:
4541:
4377:
4273:
4025:
3959:
3739:"Serial ATA—A Comparison with Ultra ATA Technology"
3688:"Seagate Lists the Mach.2: The World's Fastest HDD"
3578:"Rockbox – Unlocking a password protected harddisk"
2668: – Computer standard for SATA host controllers
1507:on the drive called "cable select", usually marked
1067:limited the number of heads to 255. This totals to
601:
591:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
531:
521:
511:
501:
491:
481:
471:
461:
451:
441:
431:
421:
411:
401:
391:
381:
371:
361:
351:
341:
331:
321:
311:
301:
291:
281:
271:
261:
251:
241:
231:
221:
211:
197:
187:
179:
175:
later 33, 66, 100 and 133 MB/s per ATA channel
164:
156:
151:
143:
132:
124:
114:
109:
98:
90:
73:
68:
60:
2604:In August 2004, Sam Hopkins and Brantley Coile of
1417:The mode that a device must use is often set by a
969:The ATA/ATAPI-4 standard also introduced several "
806:bridges between the host bus and the ATA interface
3841:Curtis E. Stevens; Paul J. Broyles (1997-01-30).
3645:"Beware – When SECURE ERASE doesn't erase at all"
1325:80 pin parallel ATA interface on a 1.8" hard disk
643:-compatible computers. It was first developed by
1695:can transfer data at up to 7000–7500 MB/s.
1350:between neighboring signal conductors, reducing
761:was added to this system via the 16-bit ISA card
4260:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
3806:
3804:
3199:AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2)
3120:AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives (ATA-1)
2530:ATAPI Removable Media Device BIOS Specification
1534:device at the end of the cable, and the master
876:AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2)
867:
3566:http://h10032.www1.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c01580453
3268:Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment (1998).
3197:Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment (1996).
3118:Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment (1994).
3923:
2918:Stevens, Curtis E., ed. (September 6, 2008).
1562:Serialized, overlapped, and queued operations
860:AT Attachment Interface with Extensions ATA-2
804:, are not drive controllers: they are merely
8:
3436:"Western Digital stops sales of PATA drives"
3411:"Enable48BitLBA - Break the 137 GB barrier!"
2990:"System Architecture: a look at hard drives"
1897:, Security, 44 pin connector for 2.5" drives
1272:In the ATA standard, pin 20 is defined as a
30:
3284:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3211:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3132:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2685: – BIOS interrupt call for disk access
847:"EIDE" redirects here. For other uses, see
3930:
3916:
3908:
3603:
3601:
2508:Related standards, features, and proposals
2232:
1707:Features introduced with each ATA revision
55:sockets above, with an ATA connector below
29:
3491:. 2000-02-29. p. 315. Archived from
2883:Finch, Stephen G., ed. (March 18, 1996).
2825:"Ref - Overview of the IDE/ATA Interface"
1543:, particularly at higher transfer rates.
3543:"Independent Master/Slave Device Timing"
2571:, but capacities more commensurate with
2567:These devices have removable media like
1710:
1366:modes also require 80-conductor cables.
1328:
1235:(IDC) attached to a 40- or 80-conductor
173:8.3 MB/s per ATA channel originally
3322:
3320:
3192:
3190:
3147:Independent Technology Service (2008).
2852:AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives
2718:
2674: – Interface for small hard drives
1595:Write amplification § Secure erase
826:AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives
3373:for k (1000), M (1000), G (1000), etc.
3277:
3204:
3125:
2564:(LS-120) drives, and similar devices.
1577:The Serial ATA standard has supported
858:The new version of the ANSI standard,
1804:28-bit logical block addressing (LBA)
1390:(in the past, commonly designated as
678:The standard is maintained by the X3/
7:
2746:. Seagate Technology. Archived from
2612:protocol to carry ATA commands over
1539:electrical reasons. The stub causes
1503:This setting is usually chosen by a
1111:, allowing for the addressing of 2 (
1091:Later, an extension to the x86 BIOS
709:to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short.
86:subsequently enhanced by many others
3764:"mpcclub.com – Em8550datasheet.pdf"
2513:ATAPI Removable Media Device (ARMD)
1855:connector. Identify drive command.
713:replaced by SATA in newer systems.
27:Computer storage interface standard
3666:"ATA Secure Erase (SE) and hdparm"
3541:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
3247:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
3226:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
3173:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
3097:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
3014:Charles M. Kozierok (2001-04-17).
2666:Advanced Host Controller Interface
2042:method of addressing data obsolete
1382:(in the past, commonly designated
1233:insulation displacement connectors
1143:Some operating systems, including
25:
2849:Lamers, Lawrence J., ed. (1994).
2540:. It specifies provisions in the
1291:
1158:Older operating systems, such as
916:ATAPI devices include CD-ROM and
64:Internal storage device connector
4661:
4660:
3353:"teleport.com – Interrupts Page"
3328:"kursk.ru – Standard CMOS Setup"
3313:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1518:If two drives are configured as
1198:were implemented by inexpensive
203:
45:
36:
3720:from the original on 2021-07-20
3694:from the original on 2021-07-20
3274:. Global Engineering Documents.
3201:. Global Engineering Documents.
3122:. Global Engineering Documents.
3066:Burniece, Tom (July 21, 2011).
3048:from the original on 2008-10-04
2996:from the original on 2006-05-08
2780:. Directron.com. Archived from
2691: – Parallel ATA controller
2229:Speed of defined transfer modes
1609:can control the ATA passwords.
1205:Soon after the introduction of
744:systems. They were replaced by
3461:"Welcome to Transcend website"
3068:"Conner CP341 Drive (ATA/IDE)"
705:in 2003, the original ATA was
1:
4255:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
3592:"TCG Storage, Opal, and NVMe"
3299:Western Digital Corporation.
2035:Automatic Acoustic Management
1698:Only the Ultra DMA modes use
1640:External parallel ATA devices
1511:, which is separate from the
1358:to work reliably. The faster
4233:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
4223:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
3647:. The HDD Oracle. 2015-11-15
3040:Gene Milligan (2005-12-18).
2548:to allow the computer to be
2030:Device Configuration Overlay
839:, "XTA" or "XT Attachment".
786:Integrated Drive Electronics
771:Integrated Drive Electronics
699:Integrated Drive Electronics
626:Integrated Drive Electronics
4700:Computer hardware standards
3712:Sean Webster (2021-07-02).
3686:Anton Shilov (2021-05-21).
3249:"The PC Guide: ATA/ATAPI-4"
3175:"The PC Guide: ATA (ATA-2)"
3099:"The PC Guide: ATA (ATA-1)"
2534:Compaq Computer Corporation
1374:Multiple devices on a cable
900:Small Form Factor committee
781:as the CP342 in June 1987.
4716:
4218:Compute Express Link (CXL)
2532:, originally developed by
2516:
1728:Other significant changes
1592:
1589:HDD passwords and security
1103:Interface size limitations
993:
962:
887:
846:
4654:
4455:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
4370:logical device interface)
2827:. PCGuide. Archived from
2774:"Parallel vs. Serial ATA"
2707:List of device bandwidths
2698:Master/slave (technology)
2412:
2352:
2314:
2254:
1470:independent device timing
990:x86 BIOS size limitations
202:
190:
182:
167:
159:
146:
135:
127:
119:
101:
93:
76:
63:
44:
35:
3881:. Czechoslovakia: FCC PS
3042:"The History of CAM ATA"
2608:specified a lightweight
1761:logical block addressing
1193:Primacy and obsolescence
1026:bytes which, divided by
2111:INCITS 397-2005 (vol 3)
2099:INCITS 397-2005 (vol 2)
2087:INCITS 397-2005 (vol 1)
1735:
1597:. For general use, see
1579:native command queueing
717:History and terminology
4690:Computer storage buses
4017:List of bus bandwidths
2633:
2072:also known as UDMA/133
2014:also known as UDMA/100
1911:(obsolete since 2002)
1873:(obsolete since 2001)
1818:(obsolete since 1999)
1649:
1572:Tagged Command Queuing
1334:
1326:
881:
762:
110:General specifications
3413:. 1.1. Archived from
2631:
2552:from devices such as
2245:Maximum transfer rate
1975:also known as UDMA/66
1932:also known as UDMA/33
1647:
1332:
1324:
924:, and large-capacity
849:Eide (disambiguation)
773:(IDE). Together with
759:
4460:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
4198:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
3830:on 21 November 2010.
3716:. tomshardware.com.
3690:. tomshardware.com.
3078:on February 24, 2021
2620:(SAN) applications.
2618:storage area network
2538:Phoenix Technologies
2519:ATA Packet Interface
1679:In addition, no ATA
1480:A drive mode called
1317:80-conductor variant
1212:As of 2007, some PC
890:ATA Packet Interface
725:introduced with the
4695:Computer connectors
4301:Parallel ATA (PATA)
3409:LLXX (2006-07-12).
3359:on 2 November 2001.
2934:on October 10, 2014
2235:
1939:Host Protected Area
1720:New transfer modes
1703:commands and data.
1386:) and the other as
1348:capacitive coupling
1097:Enhanced Disk Drive
1063:, and a problem in
928:drives such as the
740:0x1F0 and 0x170 on
665:optical disc drives
136:40 or 80 conductor
32:
4208:PCI Express (PCIe)
3824:"CompactFlash 6.0"
2634:
2569:floppy disk drives
2233:
2180:2016-07-01 at the
2150:2014-10-10 at the
2116:2020-06-15 at the
2104:2020-06-16 at the
2092:2020-08-06 at the
2051:2011-09-15 at the
1993:2014-07-22 at the
1954:2014-07-22 at the
1906:2014-07-22 at the
1868:2011-07-28 at the
1813:2012-03-21 at the
1725:(512 byte sector)
1693:solid state drives
1650:
1583:solid-state drives
1541:signal reflections
1335:
1327:
948:SCSI command set.
779:Conner Peripherals
763:
661:floppy disk drives
99:Superseded by
69:Production history
4672:
4671:
4658:
4385:Apple Desktop Bus
4362:PCI Express (via
4321:Serial ATA (SATA)
4007:Network on a chip
3753:www.serialata.org
3383:FryeWare (2005).
2678:FATA (hard drive)
2610:ATA over Ethernet
2600:ATA over Ethernet
2594:Iomega Zip drives
2546:personal computer
2505:
2504:
2495:7 (Ultra ATA/167)
2484:6 (Ultra ATA/133)
2473:5 (Ultra ATA/100)
2226:
2225:
2220:Zoned ATA Command
1928:Ultra DMA 0, 1, 2
1723:Maximum disk size
1410:and "D:" for the
1151:pre-SP3, disable
611:
610:
547:GPIO_DMA66_Detect
16:(Redirected from
4707:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4118:HP Precision Bus
3932:
3925:
3918:
3909:
3903:CE-ATA Workgroup
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3877:Rysanek, Frank.
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3852:. Archived from
3847:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3826:. Archived from
3820:
3814:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3769:. Archived from
3768:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3744:. Archived from
3743:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3463:. Archived from
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3374:
3371:decimal meanings
3367:
3361:
3360:
3355:. Archived from
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3330:. Archived from
3324:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3305:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3275:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3151:. Archived from
3144:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3018:. Archived from
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2899:on July 28, 2011
2898:
2891:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2784:on 1 August 2003
2772:Frawley, Lucas.
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2703:
2694:
2526:operating system
2462:4 (Ultra ATA/66)
2440:2 (Ultra ATA/33)
2236:
2209:
2190:
2160:
2127:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2067:
2061:
2009:
2003:
1980:80-wire cables;
1970:
1964:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1880:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1790:Multi-word DMA 0
1788:
1781:
1773:
1711:
1674:conventional PCI
1500:(slave) device.
1404:operating system
1263:computer cooling
1253:
1252:
1248:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
896:hard disk drives
879:
790:drive controller
657:hard disk drives
655:devices such as
624:, also known as
207:
49:
40:
33:
21:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4609:
4588:
4537:
4450:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
4373:
4269:
4248:Infinity Fabric
4078:Europe Card Bus
4021:
3955:
3936:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3723:
3721:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3629:
3627:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3560:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3445:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3418:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3395:The setting is
3389:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3025:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2701:
2692:
2662:
2626:
2602:
2521:
2515:
2510:
2316:Single-word DMA
2246:
2234:Transfer Modes
2231:
2207:
2188:
2182:Wayback Machine
2175:INCITS 482-2012
2158:
2152:Wayback Machine
2145:INCITS 452-2008
2125:
2118:Wayback Machine
2109:
2106:Wayback Machine
2097:
2094:Wayback Machine
2085:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:Wayback Machine
2038:
2033:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:Wayback Machine
1974:
1973:Ultra DMA 3, 4,
1968:
1962:
1956:Wayback Machine
1931:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1908:Wayback Machine
1887:Single-word DMA
1878:
1872:
1870:Wayback Machine
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1815:Wayback Machine
1789:
1785:Single-word DMA
1783:
1782:
1779:
1771:
1731:ANSI reference
1724:
1709:
1666:
1660:
1642:
1602:
1591:
1564:
1478:
1376:
1319:
1310:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1229:
1221:Western Digital
1195:
1164:Windows 95 OSR2
1117:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
998:
992:
983:Western Digital
979:
967:
961:
934:SuperDisk drive
892:
886:
880:
874:
852:
845:
769:under the name
767:Western Digital
754:
719:
695:Western Digital
645:Western Digital
174:
172:
85:
78:Western Digital
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4713:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4559:Intel HD Audio
4556:
4551:
4549:ADAT Lightpipe
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4243:HyperTransport
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3997:Bus contention
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3972:Front-side bus
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3953:computer buses
3937:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3897:External links
3895:
3892:
3891:
3869:
3833:
3815:
3800:
3786:
3755:
3751:on 2007-12-03.
3730:
3704:
3678:
3657:
3636:
3597:
3583:
3569:
3558:
3533:
3508:
3477:
3452:
3427:
3401:
3375:
3362:
3344:
3316:
3291:
3260:
3239:
3218:
3186:
3165:
3139:
3110:
3089:
3058:
3032:
3006:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2945:
2910:
2875:
2841:
2816:
2807:
2795:
2764:
2732:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2661:
2658:
2625:
2622:
2601:
2598:
2517:Main article:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:Multi-word DMA
2350:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2046:NCITS 361-2002
2043:
2026:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1988:NCITS 340-2000
1985:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1949:NCITS 317-1998
1946:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1845:Multi-word DMA
1840:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1802:
1791:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1665:
1664:Specifications
1662:
1641:
1638:
1590:
1587:
1563:
1560:
1505:jumper setting
1477:
1474:
1419:jumper setting
1375:
1372:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:44-pin variant
1306:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:functionality.
1287:
1283:
1282:
1274:mechanical key
1270:
1228:
1225:
1194:
1191:
1104:
1101:
1080:bytes (8032.5
991:
988:
978:
975:
960:
959:UDMA and ATA-4
957:
888:Main article:
885:
882:
872:
844:
843:EIDE and ATA-2
841:
788:refers to the
753:
750:
738:base addresses
718:
715:
620:), originally
609:
608:
605:
603:
599:
598:
595:
593:
589:
588:
587:Chip select 3P
585:
583:
579:
578:
577:Chip select 1P
575:
573:
569:
568:
565:
563:
559:
558:
555:
553:
549:
548:
545:
543:
539:
538:
535:
533:
529:
528:
525:
523:
519:
518:
515:
513:
509:
508:
505:
503:
499:
498:
495:
493:
489:
488:
485:
483:
479:
478:
475:
473:
469:
468:
465:
463:
459:
458:
455:
453:
449:
448:
445:
443:
439:
438:
435:
433:
429:
428:
425:
423:
419:
418:
415:
413:
409:
408:
405:
403:
399:
398:
395:
393:
389:
388:
385:
383:
379:
378:
375:
373:
369:
368:
365:
363:
359:
358:
355:
353:
349:
348:
345:
343:
339:
338:
335:
333:
329:
328:
325:
323:
319:
318:
315:
313:
309:
308:
305:
303:
299:
298:
295:
293:
289:
288:
285:
283:
279:
278:
275:
273:
269:
268:
265:
263:
259:
258:
255:
253:
249:
248:
245:
243:
239:
238:
235:
233:
229:
228:
225:
223:
219:
218:
215:
213:
209:
208:
200:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
112:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4712:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:AT Attachment
4683:
4682:
4680:
4667:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Multidrop bus
4619:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:External PCIe
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Parallel SCSI
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Commodore bus
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Fibre Channel
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Plug and play
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:Bus mastering
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Back-side bus
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3859:on 2010-01-02
3855:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3776:on 2011-07-25
3772:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3747:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3679:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3534:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3498:on 2006-05-27
3494:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3467:on 2011-09-27
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3417:on 2013-12-12
3416:
3412:
3405:
3402:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3334:on 2018-10-04
3333:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3176:
3169:
3166:
3155:on 2012-07-11
3154:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3022:on 2001-04-18
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2914:
2911:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2876:
2865:on 2012-03-21
2861:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2842:
2831:on 2001-04-18
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2753:on 2012-01-05
2749:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2654:hot-pluggable
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:Compact Flash
2630:
2624:Compact Flash
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2066:Ultra ATA/133
2063:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:Ultra ATA/100
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1889:modes dropped
1888:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:Plug and play
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1736:IDE (pre-ATA)
1734:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1202:controllers.
1201:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:Windows 98 SE
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:pre-SP1, and
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:disk services
1089:
1085:
1083:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:, equals 504
1039:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1003:
997:
996:Enhanced BIOS
989:
987:
984:
976:
974:
972:
966:
958:
956:
954:
949:
947:
943:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
911:
908:
903:
901:
897:
891:
883:
877:
871:
866:
863:
861:
856:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
752:IDE and ATA-1
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
716:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
686:) standards.
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
639:designed for
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:AT Attachment
619:
615:
606:
604:
600:
596:
594:
590:
586:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
564:
560:
556:
554:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
484:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
414:
410:
407:Key or VCC_in
406:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
201:
196:
193:
186:
178:
170:
163:
155:
150:
142:
139:
131:
123:
117:
116:Hot pluggable
113:
108:
104:
97:
89:
83:
79:
72:
67:
59:
54:
48:
43:
39:
34:
19:
4300:
4153:TURBOchannel
3943:
3883:. Retrieved
3872:
3861:. Retrieved
3854:the original
3849:
3836:
3828:the original
3818:
3811:CompactFlash
3789:
3778:. Retrieved
3771:the original
3758:
3746:the original
3733:
3722:. Retrieved
3707:
3696:. Retrieved
3681:
3670:. Retrieved
3668:. 2016-11-06
3660:
3649:. Retrieved
3639:
3628:. Retrieved
3616:
3586:
3572:
3561:
3550:. Retrieved
3547:The PC Guide
3546:
3536:
3525:. Retrieved
3523:. 2020-05-12
3520:
3511:
3500:. Retrieved
3493:the original
3480:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:the original
3455:
3444:. Retrieved
3442:. 2013-12-20
3439:
3430:
3419:. Retrieved
3415:the original
3404:
3388:. Retrieved
3378:
3365:
3357:the original
3347:
3336:. Retrieved
3332:the original
3294:
3270:
3263:
3252:. Retrieved
3242:
3231:. Retrieved
3221:
3198:
3178:. Retrieved
3168:
3157:. Retrieved
3153:the original
3142:
3119:
3113:
3102:. Retrieved
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3076:the original
3071:
3061:
3050:. Retrieved
3035:
3024:. Retrieved
3020:the original
3009:
2998:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2920:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2894:the original
2885:
2878:
2867:. Retrieved
2860:the original
2851:
2844:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:the original
2819:
2810:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:the original
2777:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2748:the original
2735:
2721:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2635:
2603:
2590:
2586:
2566:
2550:bootstrapped
2529:
2522:
2139:Hybrid drive
2028:48-bit LBA,
1982:CompactFlash
1969:Ultra ATA/66
1943:CompactFlash
1923:Ultra ATA/33
1717:Other names
1697:
1690:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1626:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:cable select
1481:
1479:
1476:Cable select
1469:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1339:
1336:
1311:
1292:cable select
1279:flash memory
1259:case modders
1256:
1241:host adapter
1237:ribbon cable
1230:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1187:boot sectors
1180:
1157:
1149:Windows 2000
1142:
1131:
1106:
1095:called the "
1090:
1086:
1050:
1011:
1007:
999:
980:
968:
952:
950:
938:
915:
912:
904:
893:
875:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
830:
825:
823:
785:
783:
770:
764:
748:interfaces.
731:
720:
711:
697:'s original
688:
677:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:Parallel ATA
613:
612:
487:Cable select
180:Max. devices
138:ribbon cable
31:Parallel ATA
18:Enhanced IDE
4626:CoreConnect
4605:ExpressCard
4533:Thunderbolt
4523:Camera Link
4306:Bus and Tag
3992:Address bus
3987:Control bus
3982:Daisy chain
3850:phoenix.com
3082:January 10,
3072:Wikifoundry
2573:hard drives
2446:120 ns Ă· 2
2435:160 ns Ă· 2
2424:240 ns Ă· 2
2250:cycle time
2208:ATA/ATAPI-8
2189:ATA/ATAPI-8
2159:ATA/ATAPI-8
2126:ATA/ATAPI-8
2060:ATA/ATAPI-7
2002:ATA/ATAPI-6
1963:ATA/ATAPI-5
1917:ATA/ATAPI-4
1901:X3.298-1997
1863:X3.279-1996
1808:X3.221-1994
1780:PIO 0, 1, 2
1681:hard drives
1624:standard.
1303:connectors.
922:tape drives
798:motherboard
734:Southbridge
669:tape drives
169:Half-duplex
53:motherboard
4679:Categories
4479:ACCESS.bus
4378:Peripheral
4178:InfiniBand
4173:HP GSC bus
3967:System bus
3885:2019-06-17
3863:2015-08-25
3780:2011-05-18
3724:2021-07-20
3698:2021-07-20
3672:2018-01-08
3651:2018-01-08
3630:2018-01-08
3625:Q115346857
3552:2008-08-08
3527:2023-12-12
3502:2013-08-25
3471:2007-02-01
3446:2013-12-25
3421:2013-09-03
3390:2011-12-29
3338:2011-05-27
3254:2008-08-23
3233:2008-08-23
3180:2008-08-23
3159:2012-07-11
3104:2008-08-23
3052:2008-08-27
3026:2008-08-23
3000:2008-07-25
2903:August 28,
2869:2014-08-28
2835:2013-06-14
2788:23 January
2757:23 January
2713:References
2558:Jaz drives
2554:Zip drives
2501:24 ns Ă· 2
2490:30 ns Ă· 2
2479:40 ns Ă· 2
2468:60 ns Ă· 2
2457:90 ns Ă· 2
2021:(144
1895:S.M.A.R.T.
1797:(137
1752:(2.1
1629:sanitizing
1513:Device 0/1
1456:The words
1207:Serial ATA
1176:Windows ME
1168:Windows 98
1160:Windows 98
1145:Windows XP
1036:bytes per
994:See also:
963:See also:
527:No connect
103:Serial ATA
4440:Lightning
4390:Atari SIO
4265:SpaceWire
4098:Zorro III
4038:S-100 bus
4033:SS-50 bus
4026:Standards
3946:standards
3939:Technical
3280:cite book
3207:cite book
3128:cite book
2727:"t13.org"
2562:SuperDisk
2414:Ultra DMA
2017:128
1984:connector
1838:Ultra ATA
1793:128
1714:Standard
1515:setting.
1462:secondary
1352:crosstalk
1227:Interface
1059:, and 63
1053:cylinders
977:Ultra ATA
971:Ultra DMA
930:Zip drive
870:standard.
784:The term
727:IBM PC/AT
673:computers
637:interface
437:I/O write
4666:Category
4641:Wishbone
4614:Embedded
4593:Portable
4513:Profibus
4445:DMX512-A
4331:Parallel
4183:Ethernet
4093:Zorro II
4043:Multibus
3944:de facto
3718:Archived
3692:Archived
3621:Wikidata
3521:MiniTool
3440:Myce.com
3308:Archived
3046:Archived
2994:Archived
2938:June 21,
2660:See also
2641:IDE mode
2614:Ethernet
2178:Archived
2148:Archived
2114:Archived
2102:Archived
2090:Archived
2074:SATA/150
2049:Archived
1991:Archived
1952:Archived
1904:Archived
1866:Archived
1859:support.
1842:PIO 3, 4
1834:Fast IDE
1830:Fast ATA
1811:Archived
1776:ATA, IDE
1556:Device 0
1552:Device 1
1548:Device 0
1536:Device 0
1532:Device 1
1524:Device 1
1520:Device 0
1498:Device 1
1494:Device 0
1490:Device 1
1486:Device 0
1451:Device 1
1439:Device 0
1431:Device 1
1423:Device 0
1412:Device 1
1408:Device 0
1396:Device 0
1388:Device 1
1380:Device 0
1214:chipsets
920:drives,
878:, page 2
873:—
837:"XT-IDE"
802:ISA Slot
634:standard
632:), is a
597:Activity
457:I/O read
192:Parallel
188:Protocol
125:External
91:Designed
74:Designer
51:Two ATA
4646:SLIMbus
4600:PC Card
4584:TOSLINK
4274:Storage
4228:RapidIO
4108:FASTBUS
4063:STD Bus
3960:General
2683:INT 13H
2639:in its
2397:100 ns
2386:120 ns
2375:150 ns
2364:480 ns
2348:240 ns
2337:480 ns
2326:960 ns
2310:120 ns
2299:180 ns
2288:240 ns
2277:383 ns
2266:600 ns
2215: —
2196: —
2166: —
2133: —
2070:UDMA 6,
2064:ATA-7,
2012:UDMA 5,
2006:ATA-6,
1967:ATA-5,
1941:(HPA),
1921:ATA-4,
1787:0, 1, 2
1759:22-bit
1748:2
1458:primary
1402:and/or
1344:grounds
1340:UDMA/66
1249:⁄
1061:sectors
918:DVD-ROM
810:ISA bus
742:ISA bus
723:ISA bus
707:renamed
653:storage
477:IOCHRDY
387:Data 15
367:Data 14
347:Data 13
327:Data 12
307:Data 11
287:Data 10
165:Bitrate
160:16 bits
4579:S/PDIF
4470:1-Wire
4435:RS-485
4430:RS-423
4425:RS-422
4420:RS-232
4281:ST-506
4238:NVLink
4088:STEbus
4048:Unibus
3623:
2689:IT8212
2672:CE-ATA
2606:Coraid
2581:CD-ROM
2408:80 ns
2247:(MB/s)
2032:(DCO),
1853:PCMCIA
1828:EIDE,
1447:Single
1443:Single
1427:Master
1384:master
1299:Pin 34
1286:Pin 28
1269:Pin 20
1065:MS-DOS
1055:, 256
926:floppy
833:IBM XT
814:ST-506
775:Compaq
680:INCITS
667:, and
649:Compaq
641:IBM PC
607:Ground
602:Pin 40
592:Pin 39
582:Pin 38
572:Pin 37
567:Addr 2
562:Pin 36
557:Addr 0
552:Pin 35
542:Pin 34
537:Addr 1
532:Pin 33
522:Pin 32
512:Pin 31
507:Ground
502:Pin 30
492:Pin 29
482:Pin 28
472:Pin 27
467:Ground
462:Pin 26
452:Pin 25
447:Ground
442:Pin 24
432:Pin 23
427:Ground
422:Pin 22
412:Pin 21
402:Pin 20
397:Ground
392:Pin 19
382:Pin 18
377:Data 0
372:Pin 17
362:Pin 16
357:Data 1
352:Pin 15
342:Pin 14
337:Data 2
332:Pin 13
322:Pin 12
317:Data 3
312:Pin 11
302:Pin 10
297:Data 4
277:Data 5
267:Data 9
257:Data 6
247:Data 8
237:Data 7
227:Ground
198:Pinout
105:(2003)
82:Compaq
4574:McASP
4542:Audio
4487:SMBus
4483:PMBus
4465:UNI/O
4405:HP-IL
4358:SATAe
4343:ESCON
4316:HIPPI
4148:NuBus
4103:CAMAC
4073:Q-Bus
4068:SMBus
4053:VAXBI
3950:wired
3857:(PDF)
3846:(PDF)
3774:(PDF)
3767:(PDF)
3749:(PDF)
3742:(PDF)
3613:(PDF)
3496:(PDF)
3489:(PDF)
3311:(PDF)
3304:(PDF)
2932:(PDF)
2925:(PDF)
2897:(PDF)
2890:(PDF)
2863:(PDF)
2856:(PDF)
2751:(PDF)
2744:(PDF)
2577:ATAPI
2544:of a
2212:ACS-4
2193:ACS-3
2163:ACS-2
2130:ATA-8
2037:(AAM)
1879:ATA-3
1824:ATA-2
1772:ATA-1
1763:(LBA)
1686:cache
1435:Slave
1429:) or
1392:slave
1364:UDMA6
1360:UDMA5
1356:UDMA4
1219:With
1153:LBA48
1136:(144
1125:(137
1109:LBA28
1057:heads
1044:(528
884:ATAPI
691:PC AT
684:ATAPI
497:DDACK
292:Pin 9
282:Pin 8
272:Pin 7
262:Pin 6
252:Pin 5
242:Pin 4
232:Pin 3
222:Pin 2
217:Reset
212:Pin 1
157:Width
133:Cable
4631:AMBA
4569:MADI
4554:AES3
4415:MIDI
4368:NVMe
4364:AHCI
4326:SCSI
4311:DSSI
4286:ESDI
4163:SBus
4123:EISA
4058:MBus
3948:for
3941:and
3286:link
3213:link
3134:link
3084:2020
2940:2016
2905:2014
2790:2012
2759:2012
2542:BIOS
2536:and
2465:66.7
2454:44.4
2443:33.3
2432:25.0
2421:16.7
2383:16.7
2372:13.3
2307:16.7
2296:11.1
2239:Mode
2080:SATA
1883:EIDE
1847:1, 2
1634:BIOS
1627:For
1622:OPAL
1618:NVMe
1616:For
1607:BIOS
1522:and
1460:and
1400:BIOS
1362:and
1200:RAID
1174:and
965:UDMA
932:and
907:SCSI
818:ESDI
816:and
794:CP/M
746:SATA
703:SATA
647:and
618:PATA
417:DDRQ
152:Data
144:Pins
94:1986
80:and
61:Type
4635:AXI
4564:I²S
4518:USB
4503:D²B
4498:SPI
4493:I3C
4475:I²C
4410:HIL
4395:DCB
4366:or
4353:SSA
4336:SAS
4296:SMD
4291:IPI
4213:AGP
4203:PXI
4193:PCI
4188:UPA
4168:VLB
4158:MCA
4143:VPX
4138:VXS
4133:VXI
4128:VME
4113:LPC
4083:ISA
3813:2.1
2498:167
2487:133
2476:100
2361:4.2
2345:8.3
2334:4.2
2323:2.1
2285:8.3
2274:5.2
2263:3.3
2256:PIO
2040:CHS
2019:PiB
1795:GiB
1750:GiB
1743:PIO
1739:IDE
1700:CRC
1488:or
1183:TiB
1134:PiB
1129:).
1123:GiB
1118:456
1115:435
1113:268
1082:MiB
1077:720
1074:686
1071:422
1048:).
1042:MiB
1038:MiB
1033:576
1030:048
1023:304
1020:482
1018:528
1014:MiB
1002:x86
946:MMC
942:T13
671:in
630:IDE
517:IRQ
183:Two
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2560:,
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1799:GB
1766:–
1754:GB
1509:CS
1251:10
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1138:PB
1127:GB
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128:No
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