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Thompson does; there is also no evidence that
Johnson ever ordered someone to be killed. Also, Thompson is portrayed as running his distillery for bootlegging and competing directly with real-life gangsters for distribution on the East Coast, whereas the real Johnson took a cut of all illegal alcohol sold in Atlantic City but was never known to engage in competition or turf wars. He has been described as running his empire "with a velvet hammer". Johnson did not remarry until 1941, long after his wife's death in 1912; in the show, Thompson remarries in 1921. Thompson is Irish Catholic, while Johnson was a Methodist whose parents were from two of Atlantic County's oldest families.
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World's
Playground". This was aided by Johnson who, with his influence and power in the city, made sure that anyone who was serving alcohol, running a brothel, or managing a gambling den wasn't bothered so long as Johnson got a cut of the money. In fact, most of Johnson's income came from the percentage he took on every gallon of illegal liquor sold and on gambling and prostitution operations in Atlantic City. Johnson once said:
514:, located on the Boardwalk. The Ritz, which opened in 1921, was where Johnson hosted many lavish parties. He was known as both "the Czar of the Ritz" and "the Prisoner of the Ritz". He freely gave to those in need, and he was widely beloved by local citizens, among whom his benevolence and generosity were legendary. Johnson once explained, "When I lived well, everybody lived well".
653:, where they would be seated at the head table. He continued to dress impeccably, including a red carnation on his lapel. Johnson steadfastly supported Farley's leadership, and in 1952, when the Farley organization faced a particularly strong election challenge, Johnson campaigned on his behalf in Atlantic City's predominantly black Northside area, where Johnson remained popular.
477:. Edge provided Hague with a pledge of cooperation, and Hague instructed people in his Democratic organization to cross over and vote for Edge in the Republican primary. Hague did not support Wittpenn in the general election, and Edge was elected. Edge rewarded Johnson by appointing him clerk of the State Supreme Court.
593:. According to some accounts, bad blood existed between Johnson and Hearst because Johnson had become too close to a showgirl who was Hearst's steady date when he visited Atlantic City. Johnson subsequently was the focus of increased scrutiny by the Federal government, allegedly as a result of Hearst's lobbying of
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Johnson held many jobs during his 30-year rule: county treasurer, which allowed him to control the county's purse strings; county collector; publisher of a weekly newspaper; bank director; president of a building and loan company; and director of a
Philadelphia brewery. He declined requests that he
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In 1933 a property lien was filed against
Johnson by the Federal government for additional taxes he owed on income earned in 1927. That year also saw the repeal of Prohibition, which eliminated a major selling point for Atlantic City among tourists and conventioneers, as well as a source of income
485:
Johnson's power reached its peak during
Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 (but did not go into effect until 1920) and lasted until 1933. Prohibition was effectively unenforced in Atlantic City, and, as a result, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then called itself "The
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industry would give the city an edge over its competitors. Therefore, the organization inherited by
Johnson permitted the service of alcohol on Sundays (which at the time was prohibited by New Jersey law), gambling, and prostitution, in exchange for the payment of protection money by vice industry
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elected to portray a fictionalized version of
Johnson, to give the writers creative license with history, and to maintain suspense. One great difference between the real Johnson and the fictional Thompson is that the real Johnson is not known to have killed anyone personally, as the fictional
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Since its founding, Atlantic City, like other summer resorts, had been burdened with a seasonal economy, and efforts to promote tourism there during the colder months had not been successful. The free availability of alcohol during
Prohibition, however, made Atlantic City the nation's premier
434:, Johnson and several others were charged with corruption. Kuehnle was convicted and imprisoned, while Johnson was acquitted, allowing him to succeed Kuehnle as leader of the same organization, which effectively controlled the Republican-led Atlantic City and Atlantic County governments.
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Atlantic City was a tourist destination, and city leaders knew that its success as a resort depended on providing visitors with what they wanted. What many tourists wanted was the opportunity to drink, gamble, and visit prostitutes. City leaders realized that permitting a
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After his release from prison, Johnson lived with his wife and brother in a house owned by relatives of his wife on South
Elberon Avenue, Atlantic City. There was speculation that he would seek elected office, but he never did. Instead, he worked in sales for the
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522:. Work on Convention Hall began in 1926 and it opened in May 1929. A 650-by-350-foot (200 by 110 m) structure, it was a state-of-the-art convention building and contained what was then the largest room in history with an unobstructed view.
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operators during 1935, 1936 and 1937. A two-week trial concluded in July 1941, and
Johnson was convicted. He was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and fined $ 20,000. On August 1, 1941, Johnson, then 58 years old, married 33-year-old
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run for the state senate, believing that it was beneath the dignity of a "real boss" to stand for election. As the most powerful New Jersey Republican, Johnson was responsible for electing several governors and United States senators.
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494:. I won't deny it and I won't apologize for it. If the majority of the people didn't want them they wouldn't be profitable and they would not exist. The fact that they do exist proves to me that the people want them.
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When the jury in Federal District Court pronounced Enoch L. (Nucky) Johnson guilty of evading the income tax laws the cloak of Republican leadership slipped off his shoulders, bringing to an end a reign of thirty
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377:, to Smith E. and Virginia (Higbee) Johnson, who were Protestants and members of two of Atlantic County's oldest families. His nickname "Nucky" was derived from his given name Enoch.
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465:'s successful run for governor. In addition to raising money for Edge, who was then the state senator from Atlantic County, Johnson engineered Edge's election by reaching out to
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Investigators charged that Johnson's income from vice exceeded $ 500,000 a year (equivalent to over $ 9 million in 2023). He rode in a chauffeur-driven, $ 14,000 powder-blue
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1102:"Interviews with Heather Perez, Archivist, Atlantic City Free Public Library, and historians Nelson Johnson and Allen "Boo" Pergament in "Boss of the Boardwalk", a 2010
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In 1909, Johnson was appointed to the politically important position of Atlantic County Republican Executive committee secretary. In 1911, local political boss
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operators to the organization. Support of the vice industry was to continue and expand under Nucky Johnson's rule, as would other forms of corruption, such as
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in Mays Landing. In 1908, he was elected Sheriff of Atlantic County when his father's term expired, a position he held until ousted by a court order in 1911.
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545:. (A well-known photograph purporting to show Johnson and Capone walking down the Boardwalk together during the conference is of doubtful authenticity.)
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liquor and, in 1927, he agreed to participate in a loose organization of other bootleggers and racketeers along the east coast, forming the Big Seven or
388:, the county seat. His career in law enforcement alternated between the roles of sheriff of Mays Landing and undersheriff of Atlantic City. Along with
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for Johnson and his political machine. On May 10, 1939, Johnson was indicted for evading taxes on about $ 125,000 in income he received from
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location for holding conventions. In an effort to promote a year-round convention-supported economy, Johnson directed the construction of
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Enoch L. (Nucky) Johnson, Atlantic County treasurer and former Republican leader, will be married here tomorrow night to Florence Osbeck
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1386:"Rise and fall of Jazz Age titan behind HBO's 'Boardwalk Empire' Amazing story of bigshot who made Atlantic City a mob playground"
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510:, fresh daily, worn on his lapel. At the height of his power, Johnson lived in a suite of rooms on the ninth floor of the
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Nucky Johnson's name was mentioned frequently in a series of articles about vice in Atlantic City published in 1930 by
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1286:"Author of Boardwalk Empire Helped Historical Book Transition into Dramatized Crime Series, by Mark DiIonno"
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671:, Johnson "was born to rule: He had flair, flamboyance, was politically amoral and ruthless, and had an
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1147:"'Nucky' Johnson Weds Ex-Show Girl Tonight. Convicted Jersey Politician to Marry on Eve of Sentencing"
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fictionalized the Prohibition era in Atlantic City. The series ran for five seasons, was produced by
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614:, to whom he had been engaged for three years. Ten days later, on August 11, 1941, Johnson entered
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government from the 1910s until his conviction and imprisonment in 1941. His rule encompassed the
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American Dictators: Frank Hague, Nucky Johnson, and the Perfection of the Urban Political Machine
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Learn, Paul. "Boss 'Nucky' Johnson is dead at 85 – Unconscious 25 Hours Before 'Time Took Him'",
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Based on his research, Nelson Johnson is of the opinion that the photograph is not genuine.
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for faces and names, and a natural gift of command ... had the reputation of being a
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1064:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Atlantic City Convention Hall"
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1176:"Two Held Seeking Johnson's Mantle. Senator Farley Claims It. Mayor Taggart Not Talking"
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877:"Enoch L. Johnson, Ex-Boss in Jersey. Prohibition-Era Ruler of Atlantic City, 85, Dies"
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Enoch Johnson died on December 9, 1968, at the Atlantic County Convalescent Home in
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In 1906, Johnson married his teenage sweetheart, Mabel Jeffries, of Mays Landing.
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Johnson was paroled on August 15, 1945, after four years in prison, and took a
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1233:"The real Nucky Johnson to be showcased in Press of Atlantic City documentary"
1133:"Boardwalk Empire: Here is Atlantic City's best bartender-bodyguard-chauffeur"
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Under Nucky Johnson, Atlantic City was one of the leading ports for importing
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In 1912, Johnson's wife Mabel died. Reportedly, Johnson had previously been a
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to avoid paying the $ 20,000 fine (equivalent to $ 338,000 in 2023).
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Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City
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Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City
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when Atlantic City was at the height of its popularity as a refuge from
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In 1916 Johnson served as campaign manager for Republican candidate
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succeeded him as the leader of Atlantic City's political machine.
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Johnson had a Russian personal assistant and valet, Louis Kessel.
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The HBO television series is based on a chapter of the 2002 book
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1314:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, Rivergate Books.
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Genealogical and Memorial History of the State of New Jersey
1033:"Nucky Johnson | American politician | Britannica"
307:(January 20, 1883 – December 9, 1968) was an
1000:
Nucky: The Real Story of the Atlantic City Boardwalk Boss
1373:"Atlantic City, New Jersey: Boardwalk Of Broken Dreams"
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Enoch Lewis Johnson was born on January 20, 1883, in
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
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687:fancier of luxuries and all good things in life."
610:Florence "Flossie" Osbeck, a former showgirl from
502:and wore expensive clothes, including a $ 1,200
567:. Johnson met Boyd around the time that he and
384:for a three-year term, and the family moved to
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1986:
1541:Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
1413:
1049:, Atlantic City, N.J., Press Publishing, 1970
837:"Whole County Honors Mrs. Virginia Johnson",
400:. In 1905, Nucky Johnson became his father's
8:
1288:. New Jersey Star-Ledger. September 19, 2010
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392:Lewis P. Scott (1854–1907) and Congressman
2732:New Jersey politicians convicted of crimes
2682:Politicians from Atlantic City, New Jersey
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966:"Boardwalk Empire at History vs Hollywood"
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2712:American political bosses from New Jersey
2687:People from Galloway Township, New Jersey
1384:Otis, Ginger Adams (September 19, 2010).
1371:Painton, Priscilla (September 25, 1989).
1231:HBO/Craig Blankenhorn (August 20, 2010).
1108:. pressofatlanticcity.com. Archived from
948:, Medford, N.J., Plexus Publishing, 2002
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2418:Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction
2413:Genovese crime family New Jersey faction
679:, a hard drinker, a Herculean lover, an
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473:, who disliked the Democratic nominee,
196: 1906; died 1912)
1106:documentary produced by Michael Clark"
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490:We have whisky, wine, women, song and
382:Sheriff of Atlantic County, New Jersey
380:In 1886, Johnson's father was elected
323:that controlled Atlantic City and the
80:Sheriff of Atlantic County, New Jersey
1581:List of dry communities by U.S. state
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621:Following Johnson's 1941 conviction,
278:10 years imprisonment, fined $ 20,000
7:
2757:20th-century American businesspeople
1653:Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922
1366:"Johnson, Enoch 'Nucky' (1883-1968)"
1062:James H. Charleton (June 17, 1985).
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454:but began to drink after her death.
1505:Australian prohibition referendums
506:. His personal trademark was a red
410:Johnson and Mabel soon enrolled at
357:was based on Johnson, portrayed by
27:American political boss and mobster
2692:People from Northfield, New Jersey
1703:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
1501:21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
1496:18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
25:
2737:20th-century American politicians
2752:The College of New Jersey alumni
2747:Atlantic City High School alumni
2593:African-American organized crime
980:"High Times in a wide open town"
481:Atlantic City during Prohibition
2564:Polish-American organized crime
2520:Jewish-American organized crime
1930:National Prohibition Party (UK)
537:in 1929, a meeting of national
213:
193:
18:Enoch "Nucky" Johnson
1683:Voluntary Committee of Lawyers
1668:Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913
1344:. Medford: Plexus Publishing.
616:Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary
412:New Jersey State Normal School
241:New Jersey State Normal School
1:
1960:(2011 documentary miniseries)
1255:"Atlantic City's Next Gamble"
520:Atlantic City Convention Hall
375:Galloway Township, New Jersey
339:, the criminal aspect of his
139:Galloway Township, New Jersey
2762:Nucky Johnson's Organization
2485:Nucky Johnson's Organization
2002:Nucky Johnson's Organization
1914:Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith
1531:American Temperance Society
2778:
1941:Scottish Prohibition Party
668:The Press of Atlantic City
645:, and, with his wife, for
597:administration officials.
319:who was the leader of the
313:sheriff of Atlantic County
2702:Prohibition-era gangsters
2408:DeCavalcante crime family
2403:Philadelphia crime family
2380:Atlantic City, New Jersey
1208:. HBO.com. Archived from
815:, December 10, 1968, p. 1
629:Parole and prison release
555:and powerful Fourth Ward
533:. He was the host of the
447:on government contracts.
416:the College of New Jersey
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246:The College of New Jersey
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2697:Depression-era gangsters
2444:New Orleans crime family
2289:Relation to other groups
2260:Atlantic City Conference
1519:Western Australian, 1950
1509:Western Australian, 1925
1069:. National Park Service.
590:New York Evening Journal
535:Atlantic City Conference
2622:Outlaw motorcycle gangs
1894:William Harvey Thompson
1854:The LaMontages brothers
1673:United Kingdom Alliance
841:, January 2, 1937, p. 1
828:, October 8, 1917, p. 6
824:"Dead Sheriff Honored,
585:William Randolph Hearst
230:Virginia Higbee Johnson
2707:New Jersey Republicans
2540:The Bugs and Meyer Mob
1729:Thomas Holliday Barker
1104:Press of Atlantic City
1082:Cite journal requires
839:Atlantic County Record
747:, aging gangster Lou (
663:Northfield, New Jersey
496:
156:Northfield, New Jersey
2727:American crime bosses
2439:The Lanzetta Brothers
1799:Frederic Richard Lees
1693:Wickersham Commission
1561:Bureau of Prohibition
1514:New South Wales, 1928
1475:Russia / Soviet Union
1368:. The American Mafia.
1310:Hart, Steven (2013).
1271:Lee, Francis Bazley,
826:Philadelphia Inquirer
643:Richfield Oil Company
488:
390:Atlantic County Clerk
351:. The hit HBO series
343:was also involved in
2722:American bootleggers
2423:Gambino crime family
2313:Luciano crime family
1261:. September 6, 2014.
1112:on November 24, 2010
2717:New Jersey sheriffs
2246:Organization events
1879:Howard Hyde Russell
1698:Willis–Campbell Act
1663:Temperance movement
1566:Cullen–Harrison Act
1429:Alcohol prohibition
885:. December 10, 1968
812:Atlantic City Press
579:Tax evasion charges
541:leaders, including
469:Hudson County boss
420:Trenton, New Jersey
36:Enoch Lewis Johnson
2742:American gangsters
2276:Kefauver Committee
2188:Harry M. Daugherty
1724:Harry J. Anslinger
1618:Neo-prohibitionism
1608:Molly Pitcher Club
1536:Anti-Saloon League
1259:The New York Times
1212:on October 1, 2017
1206:"Boardwalk Empire"
1180:The New York Times
1151:The New York Times
1047:So Young...So Gay!
1045:McMahon, William.
984:Princeton Magazine
882:The New York Times
691:In popular culture
561:Ritz-Carlton Hotel
512:Ritz-Carlton Hotel
315:, businessman and
48:Johnson circa 1941
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2193:Walter Evans Edge
2162:Frederick Warlich
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1968:
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1935:Prohibition Party
1923:Political parties
1859:Lanzetta Brothers
1774:Clinton N. Howard
1719:Martha Meir Allen
1010:978-1-4835-4881-4
944:Johnson, Nelson.
571:were forming the
335:. In addition to
321:political machine
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228:Smith E. Johnson
112:Alfred H. Johnson
16:(Redirected from
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697:Boardwalk Empire
608:Swedish American
354:Boardwalk Empire
329:Roaring Twenties
311:political boss,
275:Criminal penalty
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149:December 9, 1968
136:January 20, 1883
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121:Personal details
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102:Smith E. Johnson
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1909:Frances Willard
1899:Andrew Volstead
1864:The Purple Gang
1829:J. Howard Moore
1769:J. Edgar Hoover
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1688:Webb–Kenyon Act
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1182:. July 28, 1941
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1153:. July 31, 1941
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734:(no relation).
716:. Show creator
702:Martin Scorsese
693:
665:. According to
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623:Frank S. Farley
581:
569:Charlie Luciano
539:organized crime
483:
428:
394:John J. Gardner
371:
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2203:Meyer Lansky
2165:Ralph Weloff
2147:Jack Portock
2132:John Martino
2129:Louis Kessel
2114:Phil Gravatt
2107:John Gardner
2099:Paul D'Amato
2074:Past members
2059:Herman Orman
2053:Dick Jackson
2033:Frank Farley
1957:
1869:George Remus
1849:Roy Olmstead
1814:Owney Madden
1794:Meyer Lansky
1783:
1754:Texas Guinan
1749:Waxey Gordon
1744:Mickey Duffy
1678:Volstead Act
1598:Local option
1389:
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1330:j.ctt1bmzkjj
1311:
1290:. Retrieved
1280:
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1237:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
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1184:. Retrieved
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1155:. Retrieved
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1114:. Retrieved
1110:the original
1103:
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1075:cite journal
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386:Mays Landing
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341:organization
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151:(1968-12-09)
108:Succeeded by
87:
69:
29:
2677:1968 deaths
2672:1883 births
2608:Black Mafia
2198:Frank Hague
2156:Louis Scott
2144:Reuben Perr
2135:Fed Masucci
2103:Frank Ferry
2056:Alf Johnson
2042:Lieutenants
1958:Prohibition
1789:Norman Kerr
1759:Frank Hamer
1658:Teetotalism
1628:Rum-running
1546:Bathtub gin
1157:October 22,
739:Louis Malle
677:trencherman
559:was former
531:Seven Group
471:Frank Hague
337:bootlegging
333:Prohibition
297:Enoch Lewis
269:Tax evasion
98:Preceded by
2666:Categories
2505:Jimmy Boyd
2487:(See also
2452:(See also
2378:groups in
2228:Jess Smith
2176:Associates
2168:Tom Wooten
2138:Joe McBeth
2111:Ralph Gold
2087:Joe Altman
2062:Sam Weekly
2049:Jimmy Boyd
1844:Eliot Ness
1834:Bugs Moran
1633:Rum Patrol
1571:Dry county
1551:Blaine Act
1445:Bangladesh
1437:By country
1239:January 5,
1019:1010495792
755:References
565:Jimmy Boyd
467:Democratic
452:teetotaler
369:Early life
317:crime boss
236:Alma mater
167:Republican
132:1883-01-20
2470:Irish Mob
2183:Al Capone
2141:Ed Nappen
1809:Sam Maceo
1739:Al Capone
1648:Speakeasy
1613:Moonshine
1576:Dry state
1186:August 9,
889:August 9,
685:sybaritic
595:Roosevelt
573:Big Seven
543:Al Capone
508:carnation
500:limousine
445:kickbacks
225:Parent(s)
92:1908–1911
88:In office
74:1911–1939
70:In office
62:Treasurer
2642:Warlocks
2601:Inactive
2572:Inactive
2528:Inactive
2478:Inactive
2432:Inactive
2269:Hearings
2253:Meetings
2091:Ed Bader
2081:Official
1593:Jazz Age
1489:By topic
1340:(2002).
1235:. Nj.com
563:bellhop
553:enforcer
345:gambling
1950:Related
1638:Rum row
1460:Iceland
1455:Finland
681:epicure
651:rallies
603:numbers
527:bootleg
305:Johnson
218:
210:
198:
190:
186:
173:Spouses
2637:Pagans
2630:Active
2396:Active
2322:Rivals
2296:Allies
2016:Bosses
1712:People
1450:Canada
1348:
1328:
1318:
1193:years.
1017:
1007:
952:
158:, U.S.
141:, U.S.
1937:(USA)
1588:Islam
1465:India
1326:JSTOR
1067:(pdf)
730:, by
657:Death
418:) in
414:(now
301:Nucky
212:(
208:
192:(
188:
1470:Iran
1378:Time
1346:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1294:2010
1241:2012
1218:2010
1188:2012
1159:2012
1118:2010
1088:help
1015:OCLC
1005:ISBN
950:ISBN
891:2012
704:and
683:, a
557:boss
440:vice
347:and
243:(now
146:Died
126:Born
737:In
712:as
587:'s
361:as
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