465:
907:'s Preparedness Subcommittee on the State of the Nation's Air Defenses. He pleaded for the fastest possible creation of an air force with an atomic "strike force" ready to take off on retaliatory raids within a few hours of an attack on the United States, enough transports to service the strike force at overseas bases, fighters to escort the bombers on their missions, and at least 30 wings of all-weather jet fighters to intercept enemy bombers. He urged that, until this was achieved, the Army and Navy should be cut back to "token" appropriations. Whitehead pointed out that the United States mainland was defended against atomic attack by fewer than 100 all-weather fighters, which could not have destroyed more than 10 to 15 percent of a force attacking in daylight. At night, or during
719:. Arnold hoped that Kenney and the two newly minted brigadier generals could make the best use of what was available. Major General George Kenney arrived in the theater on July 28. Kenney knew Whitehead well, having served with him at Issoudun, the Air Corps Tactical School and GHQ Air Force, and had also served with Walker at the Air Corps Tactical School. "I had known them both for over twenty years," Kenney later wrote. "They had brains, leadership, loyalty, and liked to work. If Brett had had them about three months earlier his luck might have been a lot better."
104:
124:
136:
161:
33:
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1998:
714:
aircraft, suffering only limited damage. Opinion at MacArthur's
General Headquarters (GHQ) was that "the failure of the Air in this situation is deplorable; it will encourage the enemy to attempt further landings, with the assurance of impunity". Unable to provide MacArthur with what he most
453:, and was re-commissioned as a first lieutenant in the Air Service, on September 11, 1920. On September 25, 1920, he married Mary Nicholson, whom he had known while at the University of Kansas. They had two children: a daughter, Margaret, born in 1921, who later became a lieutenant in the
845:. To speed up the Allied advance, the Fifth Air Force developed a number of technical and tactical innovations that extended the range of its aircraft, thus increasing the distance of each Allied advance, which was dependent on the range of Whitehead's aircraft.
852:, MacArthur attempted to move forward beyond the range of land-based aircraft. A long battle of attrition then began on the ground and in the air, as the Fifth Air Force struggled to gain the upper hand with inadequate numbers of aircraft that could be based on
926:. His son, Ennis Whitehead Jr., later became a major general in the U.S. Army in the late 1970s, and in March 2003, his grandson Ennis Whitehead III was promoted to brigadier general in the Army Reserve, making three generations of general officers.
768:
In his first months in New Guinea, Whitehead concentrated on building up the infrastructure there. He obtained additional engineer units and construction equipment. New airfields were developed, along with roads, housing, taxiways and
777:. For a time, despite the efforts of his airmen and the ground troops, the Japanese advanced steadily on Port Moresby, but they ultimately turned back short of it. For his part in the Papuan campaign, Whitehead was awarded the
757:, as heavy and medium bombers were based there and only staged through Port Moresby. Accordingly, Kenney appointed Whitehead as deputy Fifth Air Force commander, and commander of the Advanced Echelon (ADVON) in Port Moresby.
2070:
2055:
2090:
2065:
741:, V Bomber Command under Walker, and an Air Services Command under Major General Rush B. Lincoln. But Kenney realized that he would have to maintain his headquarters near MacArthur's GHQ, which moved to
2050:
2040:
289:
in 1917. He trained as an aviator and served in France, where he was posted to the 3d
Aviation Instruction Center and became a qualified test pilot. After the war, Whitehead returned to school at the
2035:
884:, commanding the latter from January 1951. He was seen by some in the Air Force hierarchy as "too attached to Kenney and MacArthur, too political, too outspoken, and too tactically focused" to be
792:
was a new tactic adopted by the Fifth Air Force that enabled its bombers to attack ships at low level. The parachute fragmentation (parafrag) bomb gave the light bombers increased accuracy for
834:, reported on February 4, 1943, that "I have found Brigadier General Whitehead of the USAAF extremely cooperative. In fact there is no question of asking for help—he takes the initiative."
811:
in March 1943, Whitehead was rewarded with an important victory over the
Japanese. The battle caused the Japanese to abandon all further attempts to bring supplies and reinforcements in to
722:
Kenney assumed command of the Allied Air Forces on August 4. Three days later, he instituted a sweeping reorganization of the Allied Air Forces. The
Australian components were assigned to
804:
had additional guns installed in the nose of the aircraft to enable it to perform in a low-level strafing role. Whitehead consistently gave his full support to such innovations.
885:
344:
1158:
665:, for Whitehead to be sent out in the grade of brigadier general as a replacement for Brigadier General Harold Huston George, who had been killed in an air crash near
464:
1704:
Biographical
Register of the Officers and Graduates of the US Military Academy at West Point New York Since Its Establishment in 1802: Supplement Volume IX 1940–1950
2075:
2045:
773:
to protect his aircraft from the frequent
Japanese air raids. He also attempted to build up the morale and leadership of his units. These months coincided with the
900:
in
October 1948. Whitehead was also disappointed at not receiving a fourth star. These feelings, combined with ill health, caused him to retire on July 31, 1951.
347:. Both his son, Ennis Whitehead Jr., and his grandson, Ennis Whitehead III, became generals as well, rising to major general and brigadier general respectively.
893:
2080:
837:
As the Allied offensive gained steam, Whitehead's main task was to shift his aircraft forward, advancing the bomb line incrementally towards Japan. When the
782:
692:; the two men would get along well. MacArthur later praised Whitehead for his "masterful generalship ... brilliant judgement and inexhaustible energy".
321:
259:
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469:
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317:
237:
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were killed. The remaining four planes of the flight completed the tour, for which all ten airmen including
Whitehead received the first awards of the
449:
as a reporter in order to earn enough money for law school. In the end though, he decided that he preferred flying. He applied for a commission in the
359:, on September 3, 1895, the eldest of three children of J. E. Whitehead, a farmer, and his wife Celia. He was educated at Glenwood District School and
2095:
2030:
737:
under Kenney's personal command. On paper, the organization followed the orthodox pattern, consisting of V Fighter
Command under Brigadier General
241:
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1721:
1918:
1886:
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1828:
1602:
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548:, another OA-1A, forcing both Dargue and Whitehead to bail out. Whitehead suffered only a sprained ankle, but the pilot and co-pilot of the
2110:
2085:
908:
1533:
911:, interceptors would have shot down less than 5 percent. He argued that a well-executed surprise atomic air attack would likely succeed.
408:
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225:
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655:
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332:
164:
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313:
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1734:
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among other assignments. After the U.S. entered World War II, Whitehead was promoted to brigadier general and sent to the
278:
1988:
681:
on July 11, 1942, Whitehead was shocked by the confusion and lack of organization he found. The next day, he reported to
600:
485:
1943:
923:
588:
572:
391:. On February 10, 1918, he became an aviation cadet, training at a wartime Army School of Military Aeronautics at the
90:
669:
on April 29, 1942. Whitehead was promoted on June 16, 1942, and ordered to the
Southwest Pacific. He flew there with
1372:"Recommendation for Ennis Clement Whitehead to be awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Honorary)"
532:, leading the 22,000-mile (35,000 km) Pan American Good Will Flight touring South America. During a landing at
808:
666:
848:
Whitehead assumed command of the Fifth Air Force in June 1944, although he remained subordinate to Kenney. In the
881:
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340:
200:
1698:
670:
592:
505:
501:
301:
801:
1850:
MacArthur's Airman: General George C. Kenney and the Air War in the Southwest Pacific Theater in World War II
715:
needed—more and better aircraft and the crews to man them—Arnold decided to replace Brett with Major General
439:
Whitehead was demobilized from the Army in January 1919, and returned to the University of Kansas, earning a
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in December 1945. He commanded it until March 1949, when he returned to the United States to command the
897:
841:
arrived in the theater in late 1942, Whitehead at last received a fighter that could match the Japanese
774:
604:
576:
493:
309:
305:
188:
184:
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2025:
2020:
1069:
904:
877:
856:. Gradually, Whitehead gained the upper hand. He was promoted to lieutenant general on June 5, 1945.
662:
497:
364:
290:
1936:
Watson, Richard L. (1950). "The Papuan Campaign". In Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea (eds.).
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1824:
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1738:
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1608:
1598:
947:"U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead III: Whitehead Family Welcomes Third General Officer"
793:
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596:
584:
489:
445:
1084:
2002:
1816:
831:
727:
716:
612:
512:
412:
294:
1595:
The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces
1978:
1807:
889:
849:
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730:
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658:
623:
On graduation from the Command and General Staff School, Whitehead was posted to the G-2 (
473:
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529:
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171:
79:
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2014:
1904:
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419:
on November 14, 1917. There, he was posted to the 3rd Aviation Instruction Center at
109:
1937:
559:
After three years as an engineering officer with the Air Corps Materiel Division at
1908:
789:
750:
723:
707:
624:
537:
533:
522:
450:
282:
214:
1546:
827:
788:
Building up Allied air power required ingenuity, improvisation, and innovation.
521:
in July 1922. In 1926, Whitehead attended the Air Service Engineering School at
509:
376:
286:
246:
210:
1662:
Airpower Leadership on the Front Line Lt Gen George H. Brett and Combat Command
1371:
896:
in 1948 and lost his mentor when the new chief relieved Kenney as commander of
754:
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677:
expert, who had also recently been promoted to brigadier general. Arriving in
458:
428:
384:
379:
during April 1917. Whitehead enlisted on August 16, 1917, as a private in the
32:
1896:
1742:
800:
was originally designed to bomb from medium altitudes in level flight, Major
457:, and a son, Ennis C. Whitehead Jr., who was born in 1926 and graduated from
1869:
1838:
1678:
1639:
1612:
915:
864:
Whitehead continued in command of the Fifth Air Force, participating in the
822:
Whitehead's attitude earned him high marks with the Allied land commanders.
770:
689:
678:
254:
160:
1951:
1928:
1780:
1547:"Ennis Clement Whitehead: Lieutenant General, United States Army Air Corps"
760:
695:
At this time, the stocks of the air force in SWPA were low. At the recent
411:
of "Reserve Military Aviator" on October 19, 1917, and was commissioned a
842:
742:
488:, where he served as a flying instructor. In 1921, he was transferred to
424:
420:
404:
1815:
Goldstein, Donald M. (1988). "Ennis C. Whitehead: Aerial Tactician". In
1823:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 178–207.
640:
274:
1939:
Vol. IV, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944
876:. Whitehead was instrumental in splitting this organization into the
816:
674:
416:
388:
733:, while the American components were consolidated into the reformed
528:
In December 1926, Whitehead was assigned as the co-pilot for Major
853:
759:
700:
571:
from September 1930 to June 1931. While there, he was promoted to
463:
285:. Whitehead joined the U. S. Army after the United States entered
704:
1821:
We Shall Return! MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan
304:'s aerial bombing demonstration and served as commander of the
812:
745:
on July 20, while the fighting was thousands of miles away in
2071:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
1910:
General Kenney Reports: A Personal History of the Pacific War
819:. Whitehead was promoted to major general on March 15, 1943.
635:
on December 3, 1940. In February 1941, he was transferred to
575:. Returning to the 1st Pursuit Group, he took command of the
2056:
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
749:, with the Fifth Air Force's principal forward bases around
2091:
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
1570:(Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. March 12, 2003
300:
Over the following twenty years, Whitehead participated in
1398:
1396:
500:. On July 20, 1921, he participated in Brigadier General
375:
His plans were changed by the United States' entry into
2066:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1597:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 457.
2051:
Honorary commanders of the Order of the British Empire
2041:
United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II
1707:. Chicago: R. R. Donnelly and Sons, The Lakeside Press
703:
invasion force had managed to sail past all but a few
1986:
443:
degree in 1920. After graduation, he took a job with
2036:
United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I
270:(September 3, 1895 – October 12, 1964) was an early
233:
206:
180:
170:
155:
147:
115:
97:
85:
69:
50:
42:
23:
1847:
886:Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
345:Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
343:. He retired in 1951 after he was passed over for
1623:Kenneth N. Walker: Airpower's Untempered Crusader
781:. The Australian government made him an honorary
423:for more training. He attended gunnery school at
1854:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1768:Volume I – Royal Australian Air Force, 1939–1942
639:, a new training base, where he was promoted to
431:. He spent the rest of the war as a test pilot.
1723:Biographical data on Air Force General Officers
1128:
1126:
888:. Whitehead was dismayed by the appointment of
603:at Langley Field. He was promoted to temporary
544:, was involved in a mid-air collision with the
480:on the left; Whitehead is second from the left.
415:, Signal Officer Reserve Corps. He sailed for
381:Aviation Section, Signal Enlisted Reserve Corps
293:. After he graduated, he was commissioned as a
1593:Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine (1996).
903:In retirement, Whitehead testified before the
894:Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
8:
1879:The Years of MacArthur, Volume II: 1942–1945
1232:
1054:
953:. U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from
783:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
322:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
260:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1306:
1304:
1243:
1241:
1913:. New York City: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
868:. He succeeded Kenney as commander of the
393:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
31:
20:
1465:
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1459:
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988:
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980:
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974:
972:
922:, on October 12, 1964, and was buried in
764:Major General Whitehead, New Guinea, 1943
753:. Moreover, Walker's headquarters was in
650:, the Allied Air Forces commander in the
1426:
1295:
1132:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1014:
316:. In the course of the war, he earned a
1993:
1006:
934:
2076:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
2046:United States Army Air Forces generals
1974:
1964:
1803:
1793:
1438:
1334:
1322:
1283:
1105:
940:
938:
1358:
1271:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
484:Whitehead was initially stationed at
37:Lieutenant General Ennis C. Whitehead
7:
1310:
1247:
909:instrument meteorological conditions
601:General Headquarters (GHQ) Air Force
367:, intending to obtain a law degree.
2081:People from Anderson County, Kansas
1220:
945:Hart, Maj. Bobby (December 2003).
355:Whitehead was born on a farm near
14:
1534:Burial Detail: Whitehead, Ennis C
1376:Recommendations: Second World War
599:, and at the headquarters of the
536:in March 1927, their aircraft, a
525:, graduating first in his class.
517:. The 1st Pursuit Group moved to
2096:Air Corps Tactical School alumni
2031:United States Air Force generals
1996:
661:, the Commanding General of the
646:on May 1942, Lieutenant General
609:Command and General Staff School
492:where he assumed command of the
331:After the war, he commanded the
159:
134:
122:
102:
1568:"General Officer Announcements"
1073:. November 3, 1946. p. 36.
607:in April 1935 and attended the
16:United States Air Force general
1720:Fogerty, Dr Robert O. (1953).
654:(SWPA), lodged a request with
226:Philippines Campaign (1944–45)
1:
2061:Recipients of the Silver Star
1511:. May 5, 1952. Archived from
815:by the direct sea route from
579:. He did staff duty tours at
279:United States Army Air Forces
1881:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1846:Griffith, Thomas E. (1998).
506:demonstration bombing attack
472:certificates from President
468:Pan American Flyers receive
2111:Recipients of the Air Medal
2086:University of Kansas alumni
1944:University of Chicago Press
1169:(September). Archived from
924:Arlington National Cemetery
779:Distinguished Service Cross
470:Distinguished Service Cross
318:Distinguished Service Cross
242:Distinguished Service Medal
238:Distinguished Service Cross
91:Arlington National Cemetery
2127:
1877:James, D. Clayton (1975).
1765:Gillison, Douglas (1962).
1159:"Valor: The Greatest Gift"
809:Battle of the Bismarck Sea
667:Darwin, Northern Territory
554:Distinguished Flying Cross
363:. In 1914, he entered the
324:as he rose to command the
320:and was named an honorary
251:Distinguished Flying Cross
1157:Frisbee, John L. (1985).
1085:"Obits – Hillard-Hollman"
565:Air Corps Tactical School
519:Selfridge Field, Michigan
476:(center) on May 2, 1927.
30:
1659:Cox, Douglas A. (2006).
1233:Ancell & Miller 1996
1055:Ancell & Miller 1996
563:, Ohio, he attended the
110:United States of America
1773:Australian War Memorial
1380:Australian War Memorial
874:Continental Air Command
796:missions. Although the
652:South West Pacific Area
455:United States Air Force
441:Bachelor of Engineering
337:Continental Air Command
268:Ennis Clement Whitehead
197:Continental Air Command
130:United States Air Force
25:Ennis Clement Whitehead
1731:Maxwell Air Force Base
1667:Maxwell Air Force Base
1628:Maxwell Air Force Base
1087:. Piqua Public Library
892:rather than Kenney as
765:
540:float plane nicknamed
481:
361:Burlington High School
314:Southwest Pacific Area
310:36th Pursuit Squadrons
2106:Mackay Trophy winners
2101:Deaths from emphysema
1620:Byrd, Martha (1997).
957:on September 12, 2007
898:Strategic Air Command
775:Kokoda Track campaign
763:
631:. He was promoted to
577:36th Pursuit Squadron
494:94th Pursuit Squadron
467:
407:. He qualified for a
189:36th Pursuit Squadron
185:94th Pursuit Squadron
148:Years of service
1685:on December 18, 2014
1646:on December 18, 2014
1515:on November 25, 2010
1070:The Kansas City Star
905:United States Senate
878:Tactical Air Command
663:U.S. Army Air Forces
643:on January 5, 1942.
365:University of Kansas
291:University of Kansas
1946:. pp. 92–128.
1173:on December 1, 2012
951:Defend America News
882:Air Defense Command
870:Far East Air Forces
866:occupation of Japan
697:Battle of Milne Bay
341:Air Defense Command
333:Far East Air Forces
221:New Guinea campaign
201:Air Defense Command
1505:"Inexcusable Risk"
1453:, pp. 199–200
1441:, pp. 100–102
1405:, pp. 188–190
1349:, pp. 183–186
1262:, pp. 183–184
1163:AIR FORCE Magazine
1120:, pp. 179–180
824:Lieutenant General
766:
656:Lieutenant General
633:lieutenant colonel
627:) Division of the
597:20th Pursuit Group
589:16th Pursuit Group
482:
357:Westphalia, Kansas
272:United States Army
165:Lieutenant General
142:United States Army
64:Westphalia, Kansas
1920:978-0-912799-44-5
1905:Kenney, George C.
1888:978-0-395-20446-7
1861:978-0-7006-0909-3
1830:978-0-8131-1654-9
1817:Leary, William M.
1699:Cullum, George W.
1604:978-0-313-29546-1
1479:"Ennis Whitehead"
802:Paul "Pappy" Gunn
794:close air support
686:Douglas MacArthur
585:Panama Canal Zone
530:Herbert A. Dargue
508:of the ex-German
498:1st Pursuit Group
446:The Wichita Eagle
399:flight school at
265:
264:
61:September 3, 1895
2118:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1982:
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1960:
1958:
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1811:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1745:. Archived from
1728:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:. Archived from
1655:
1653:
1651:
1642:. Archived from
1616:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1524:
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1520:
1501:
1495:
1494:
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1485:on March 9, 2013
1481:. Archived from
1475:
1469:
1463:
1454:
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1442:
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1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
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1368:
1362:
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1338:
1337:, pp. 98–99
1332:
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1325:, pp. 11–12
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1298:, pp. 55–56
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1018:
1009:
1004:
967:
966:
964:
962:
942:
832:New Guinea Force
728:Air Vice Marshal
717:George C. Kenney
613:Fort Leavenworth
435:Between the wars
413:first lieutenant
295:first lieutenant
163:
140:
138:
137:
128:
126:
125:
117:
108:
106:
105:
76:
73:October 12, 1964
60:
58:
46:Ennis the Menace
35:
21:
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2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
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2010:
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1935:
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1876:
1862:
1845:
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1814:
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1792:
1785:
1783:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1752:on 12 June 2012
1749:
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1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1108:, p. 1524.
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1012:
1005:
970:
960:
958:
944:
943:
936:
932:
890:Hoyt Vandenberg
862:
850:Battle of Leyte
830:, commander of
735:Fifth Air Force
731:William Bostock
712:Lockheed Hudson
688:at GHQ SWPA in
659:Henry H. Arnold
621:
593:Barksdale Field
474:Calvin Coolidge
437:
373:
353:
326:Fifth Air Force
281:general during
258:
253:
249:
245:
240:
213:
199:
195:
193:Fifth Air Force
191:
187:
135:
133:
132:
123:
121:
103:
101:
93:
86:Place of burial
78:
74:
62:
56:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1984:
1983:
1933:
1919:
1901:
1887:
1874:
1860:
1843:
1829:
1812:
1762:
1735:Air University
1717:
1695:
1671:Air University
1656:
1632:Air University
1617:
1603:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1559:
1538:
1536:– ANC Explorer
1526:
1496:
1470:
1466:Goldstein 1988
1455:
1451:Goldstein 1988
1443:
1431:
1419:
1415:Goldstein 1988
1407:
1403:Goldstein 1988
1392:
1363:
1351:
1347:Goldstein 1988
1339:
1327:
1315:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1260:Goldstein 1988
1252:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1209:Goldstein 1988
1201:
1197:Goldstein 1988
1184:
1149:
1145:Goldstein 1988
1137:
1122:
1118:Goldstein 1988
1110:
1098:
1076:
1067:"In Society".
1059:
1040:
1036:Goldstein 1988
1025:
1021:Goldstein 1988
1010:
968:
933:
931:
928:
920:Newton, Kansas
861:
858:
839:P-38 Lightning
739:Paul Wurtsmith
708:P-40 Kittyhawk
671:Kenneth Walker
629:War Department
620:
617:
502:Billy Mitchell
478:Herbert Dargue
436:
433:
372:
369:
352:
349:
302:Billy Mitchell
263:
262:
235:
231:
230:
229:
228:
223:
208:
204:
203:
182:
178:
177:
174:
172:Service number
168:
167:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
119:
113:
112:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
80:Newton, Kansas
77:(aged 69)
71:
67:
66:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2123:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1968:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1468:, p. 206
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1429:, p. 685
1428:
1427:Gillison 1962
1423:
1420:
1417:, p. 187
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:, p. 275
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:Griffith 1998
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1274:, p. 200
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:, p. 393
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:, p. 182
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:, p. 181
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1147:, p. 180
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:Griffith 1998
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1057:, p. 457
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:, p. 179
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1023:, p. 178
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
969:
956:
952:
948:
941:
939:
935:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
859:
857:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
798:B-25 Mitchell
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
729:
725:
720:
718:
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
618:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Albrook Field
578:
574:
570:
569:Langley Field
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Loening OA-1A
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
442:
434:
432:
430:
427:and became a
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Chanute Field
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
269:
261:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
236:
232:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
131:
120:
114:
111:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
72:
68:
65:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2008:
1955:. Retrieved
1938:
1909:
1878:
1849:
1820:
1786:November 29,
1784:. Retrieved
1771:. Canberra:
1767:
1754:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1722:
1709:. Retrieved
1703:
1689:November 29,
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1661:
1650:November 29,
1648:. Retrieved
1644:the original
1622:
1594:
1572:. Retrieved
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1541:
1529:
1519:February 21,
1517:. Retrieved
1513:the original
1508:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1473:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1385:November 29,
1383:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1313:, p. 93
1291:
1286:, p. 96
1279:
1267:
1255:
1250:, p. 90
1228:
1223:, p. 52
1216:
1204:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1162:
1152:
1140:
1135:, p. 85
1113:
1101:
1091:December 11,
1089:. Retrieved
1079:
1068:
1062:
1007:Fogerty 1953
959:. Retrieved
955:the original
950:
913:
902:
863:
847:
836:
821:
806:
790:Skip bombing
787:
767:
751:Port Moresby
724:RAAF Command
721:
694:
648:George Brett
645:
625:Intelligence
622:
619:World War II
561:Wright Field
558:
549:
545:
541:
534:Buenos Aires
527:
523:McCook Field
514:Ostfriesland
513:
483:
451:Regular Army
444:
438:
374:
354:
330:
299:
283:World War II
267:
266:
215:World War II
207:Battles/wars
75:(1964-10-12)
18:
2026:1964 deaths
2021:1895 births
1975:|work=
1957:October 20,
1804:|work=
1733:, Alabama:
1669:, Alabama:
1630:, Alabama:
1439:Watson 1950
1335:Watson 1950
1323:Kenney 1949
1284:Watson 1950
1177:January 25,
1106:Cullum 1950
914:He died of
828:Iven Mackay
510:dreadnought
490:Kelly Field
486:March Field
397:Air Service
377:World War I
371:World War I
287:World War I
247:Silver Star
211:World War I
43:Nickname(s)
2015:Categories
1756:20 October
1711:October 6,
1586:References
1574:January 6,
1552:January 6,
1489:January 6,
1359:James 1975
1272:James 1975
961:January 6,
771:revetments
755:Townsville
747:New Guinea
637:Luke Field
459:West Point
429:test pilot
395:and at an
385:Fort Riley
351:Early life
339:, and the
98:Allegiance
57:1895-09-03
2003:Biography
1977:ignored (
1967:cite book
1897:731262594
1806:ignored (
1796:cite book
1743:166883913
1311:Byrd 1997
1248:Byrd 1997
916:emphysema
690:Melbourne
679:Australia
615:in 1938.
595:with the
587:with the
461:in 1948.
297:in 1920.
255:Air Medal
176:0-10572/A
1907:(1949).
1870:38885310
1839:17483104
1701:(1950).
1679:85856422
1640:36241599
1613:33862161
1221:Cox 2006
860:Post-war
843:A6M Zero
743:Brisbane
701:Japanese
542:New York
425:Bordeaux
421:Issoudun
405:Illinois
181:Commands
116:Service/
1952:5732980
1929:1227801
1819:(ed.).
1781:2000369
1673:Press.
1634:Press.
807:At the
683:General
641:colonel
573:captain
550:Detroit
546:Detroit
496:of the
275:aviator
151:1917–51
1989:Portal
1950:
1927:
1917:
1895:
1885:
1868:
1858:
1837:
1827:
1779:
1741:
1677:
1638:
1611:
1601:
817:Rabaul
726:under
675:bomber
417:France
409:rating
389:Kansas
335:, the
277:and a
234:Awards
139:
127:
118:branch
107:
1750:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
930:Notes
854:Leyte
605:major
591:, at
1979:help
1959:2006
1948:OCLC
1925:OCLC
1915:ISBN
1893:OCLC
1883:ISBN
1866:OCLC
1856:ISBN
1835:OCLC
1825:ISBN
1808:help
1788:2014
1777:OCLC
1758:2006
1739:OCLC
1713:2015
1691:2014
1675:OCLC
1652:2014
1636:OCLC
1609:OCLC
1599:ISBN
1576:2009
1554:2009
1521:2009
1509:TIME
1491:2009
1387:2014
1179:2011
1093:2014
963:2009
880:and
826:Sir
710:and
705:RAAF
699:, a
673:, a
308:and
306:94th
156:Rank
70:Died
51:Born
918:in
813:Lae
611:at
567:at
504:'s
383:at
257:(2)
244:(3)
2017::
1971::
1969:}}
1965:{{
1942:.
1923:.
1891:.
1864:.
1833:.
1800::
1798:}}
1794:{{
1775:.
1737:.
1729:.
1665:.
1626:.
1607:.
1507:.
1458:^
1395:^
1378:.
1374:.
1303:^
1240:^
1187:^
1167:68
1165:.
1161:.
1125:^
1043:^
1028:^
1013:^
971:^
949:.
937:^
785:.
583:,
556:.
403:,
387:,
328:.
217::
1991::
1981:)
1961:.
1931:.
1899:.
1872:.
1841:.
1810:)
1790:.
1760:.
1715:.
1693:.
1654:.
1615:.
1578:.
1556:.
1523:.
1493:.
1389:.
1181:.
1095:.
965:.
59:)
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
