435:
cellular receptor specificity and virus antigenicity. PV-1 is the most common type to cause infection in humans; however, all three forms are extremely contagious spreading through person-to-person contact. Poliovirus causes Polio, or
Poliomyelitis, which is a disabling and life-threatening disease that causes paresthesia, meningitis and permanent paralysis. Symptoms can include sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea, headache and stomach pain although 72% of those that get infected will not display visible symptoms. There are two types of vaccines available to prevent polio: inactivated poliovirus vaccine given as an injection in the leg (IPV) or arm and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The polio vaccine is highly efficacious giving protection to 99 out of 100 children vaccinated.
364:. It is also a source of concern for vaccination strategies, because live attenuated/mutated strains used for vaccination could potentially recombine with wild-type related strains, as has been the case with circulating vaccine derived polio viruses (cVDPDs). The capsid region and especially VP1 is a recombination coldspot, and this is one of the main reasons to use this region for genotyping. However, the 5'UTR - capsid junction and the beginning of the P2 region have been observed to recombine very frequently, although recombinations do occur in the rest of the genome as well. Interestingly, the enterovirus species EV-A, EV-B, EV-C, EV-D have not been observed so far to exchange genomic regions among them, with the exception of the 5'UTR.
31:
902:
56:
521:(HFMD), and is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system diseases. EV-A71 was first isolated and characterized from cases of neurological disease in California in 1969. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of host response to EV-A71 infection, but increases in the level of mRNAs encoding chemokines, proteins involved in protein degradation, complement proteins, and proapoptotis proteins have been implicated.
482:. In these persistent infections, enteroviral RNA is present at low levels in the tissues (both as single-stranded viral RNA, and in the more immune resistant doubled-stranded RNA form). Some researchers believe this enteroviral RNA is just a remnant of the acute infection, although other scientists believe these persistent intracellular viral RNA infections may have pathological effects, playing a causal role their associated diseases.
497:
EV-D68 illness is not well-defined. Most start with common cold symptoms of runny nose and cough. Some, but not all, may also have fever. For more severe cases, difficulty breathing, wheezing or problems catching your breath may occur. As of
October 4, 2014, there has been one death in New Jersey directly linked to EV-D68, as well as one death in Rhode Island attributed to a combination of EV-D68 and sepsis caused by an infection of
300:
396:
624:
392:
A144, A119, A120, A121, A122 (simian virus 19), A123 (simian virus 43), A124 (simian virus 46), A125 (baboon enterovirus A13). Some viruses initially reported as novel have been found to be misidentified. Thus, coxsackievirus A23 is the same serotype as echovirus 9, and coxsackievirus A15 is the same serotype as coxsackievirus A11 and coxsackievirus A18 is the same serotype as coxsackievirus A13.
659:. Enteroviral infections have a great range in presentation and seriousness. Non polio enteroviruses cause 10–15 million infections and tens of thousands of hospitalizations in the US each year. Enteroviruses can be identified through cell culture or PCR assay, collected from fecal or respiratory specimens. Below are common enterovirus related diseases, including poliomyelitis.
426:(inflammation of the pancreas). The Coxsackie B viruses are also reported to cause a spastic paralysis due to the degeneration of neuronal tissue and muscle injury. Infections usually occur during warm summer months with symptoms including exanthema, pleurodynia, flu-like illness consisting of fever, fatigue, malaise, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting.
578:
enterovirus C, in the genus
Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. The type species of the genus Enterovirus was changed from Poliovirus to Human enterovirus C. This has been ratified in April 2008. The 39th Executive Committee (EC39) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) met in Canada during June 2007 with new taxonomic proposals.
1269:
781:
is characterized by inflammation of the myocardium (cardiac muscle cells). Over the last couple of decades, numerous culprits have been identified as playing a role in myocarditis pathogenesis in addition to the enterovirus, which at first was the most commonly implicated virus in this pathology. One
434:
Enterovirus C consists of polioviruses 1,2 and 3; coxsackieviruses A1, A11, A13, A18, A17, 20, A21, A22, A24 and enterovirus C95, C96, C99, C102, C104, C105, C109, C113, C118. The three serotypes of poliovirus, PV-1, PV-2, and PV-3 each have a slightly different capsid protein. Capsid proteins define
1229:
serotypes RV-A1, RV-A1B, RV-A2, RV-A7 through RV-A13, RV-A15, RV-A16, RV-A18 through RV-A25, RV-A28 through RV-A34, RV-A36, RV-A38 through RV-A41, RV-A43, RV-A45 through RV-A47, RV-A49 through RV-A51, RV-A53 through RV-A68, RV-A71, RV-A73 through RV-A78, RV-A80 through RV-A82, RV-A85, RV-A88 through
610:
2005.262V.04: To assign the following viruses to the species Human enterovirus C in the existing genus
Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae: Human poliovirus 1, Human poliovirus 2, Human poliovirus 3. (This is not strictly necessary as a taxonomic proposal because it concerns entities below the
599:
The ratification process was performed by email. The proposals were sent electronically via email on March 18, 2008, to ICTV members with a request to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals, with a 1-month deadline. The following are two of the taxonomic proposals with three changes that
496:
EV-D68 first was identified in
California in 1962. Compared with other enteroviruses, it has been rarely reported in the U.S. in the past 40 years. Most people who get infected are infants, children, and teens. EV-D68 usually causes mild to severe respiratory illness; however, the full spectrum of
391:
Enteroviruses are a group of ubiquitous viruses that cause a number of infections which are usually mild. The genus enterovirus includes enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Enterovirus A include coxsackievirus A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A10, A12, A14, A16 and enterovirus A71, A76, A89, A90, A91, A92,
654:
Enteroviruses cause a wide range of symptoms, and while their long list of signs and symptoms should put them on the differential diagnosis list of many illnesses, they often go unnoticed. Enteroviruses can cause anything from rashes in small children, to summer colds, to encephalitis, to blurred
577:
were formerly classified as a species belonging to the genus
Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. The Poliovirus species has been eliminated from the genus Enterovirus. The following serotypes, Human poliovirus 1, Human poliovirus 2, and Human poliovirus 3, were assigned to the species Human
430:
are a cause of many of the nonspecific viral infections that can range from minor illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis and myocarditis. It is mainly found in the intestine, and can cause nervous disorders. Type B enteroviruses are
876:
to relieve the severe pain that occurs in patients with the disease; in some severe cases, opiates may be needed. Treatment for aseptic meningitis caused by enteroviruses is also mainly symptomatic. In patients with enteroviral carditis, treatment consists of the prevention and treatment of
451:) may acquire in the host during the acute phase of the infection can transform these viruses into the non-cytolytic form (also known as non-cytopathic or defective enterovirus), a form which is capable of causing persistent low-level infections in human tissues that can last indefinitely.
817:. It has been proposed that type 1 diabetes is a virus-triggered autoimmune response in which the immune system attacks virus-infected cells along with the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. A team working at University of Tampere, Finland identified the enterovirus
595:
Proposals approved at the (EC39) meeting of 2007, were sent to members of ICTV via email for ratification and have become official taxonomy. There have been a total of 215 taxonomic proposals, which have been approved and ratified since the 8th ICTV Report of 2005.
2108:
Krogvold, Lars; Edwin, Bjørn; Buanes, Trond; Frisk, Gun; Skog, Oskar; Anagandula, Mahesh; Korsgren, Olle; Undlien, Dag; Eike, Morten C.; Richardson, Sarah J.; Leete, Pia; Morgan, Noel G.; Oikarinen, Sami; Oikarinen, Maarit; Laiho, Jutta E. (May 2015).
1553:
Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala; Guillot, Sophie; Iber, Jane; Balanant, Jean; Blondel, Bruno; Riquet, Franck; Martin, Javier; Kew, Olen; Randriamanalina, Bakolalao; Razafinimpiasa, Lalatiana; Rousset, Dominique (2007-12-14). Holmes, Edward C (ed.).
3537:
Laitinen OH, Honkanen H, Pakkanen O, Oikarinen S, Hankaniemi MM, Huhtala H, Ruokoranta T, Lecouturier V, André P, Harju R, Virtanen SM, Lehtonen J, Almond JW, Simell T, Simell O, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Knip M, Hyöty H (February 2014).
1613:
Joffret, Marie-Line; Jégouic, Sophie; Bessaud, Maël; Balanant, Jean; Tran, Coralie; Caro, Valerie; Holmblat, Barbara; Razafindratsimandresy, Richter; Reynes, Jean-Marc; Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala; Delpeyroux, Francis (2012-05-01).
683:
illness is the most common presentation of enterovirus infection. Other than fever, symptoms include muscle pain, sore throat, gastrointestinal distress/abdominal discomfort, and headache. In newborns the picture may be that of
3668:
Garcia J, Espejo V, Nelson M, Sovero M, Villaran MV, Gomez J, Barrantes M, Sanchez F, Comach G, Arango AE, Aguayo N, de Rivera IL, Chicaiza W, Jimenez M, Aleman W, Rodriguez F, Gonzales MS, Kochel TJ, Halsey ES (October 2013).
2750:
227:, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. Enteroviruses isolated more recently are named with a system of consecutive numbers:
246:. There are 81 non-polio and 3 polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans. Of the 81 non-polio types, there are 22 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 25 other enteroviruses.
1236:
serotypes RV-B3 through RV-B6, RV-B14, RV-B17, RV-B26, RV-B27, RV-B35, RV-B37, RV-B42, RV-B48, RV-B52, RV-B69, RV-B70, RV-B72, RV-B79, RV-B83, RV-B84, RV-B86, RV-B91 through RV-B93, RV-B97, and RV-B99 through
1533:
Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F. Recombination in
Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step Modular Evolutionary Process. Viruses. 2019 Sep 14;11(9):859. doi: 10.3390/v11090859. PMID 31540135
1781:
840:
Most people who contract enterovirus have mild symptoms lasting about a week. Those with higher risk may have more complications, sometimes becoming fatal. The most common sign of enterovirus is a
238:
Enteroviruses affect millions of people worldwide each year and are often found in the respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) and stool of an infected person. Historically,
431:
responsible for a vast number of mild and acute infections. They have been reported to remain in the body causing persistent infections contributing to chronic diseases such as type I diabetes.
2532:"Detection of enterovirus capsid protein VP1 in myocardium from cases of myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy by immunohistochemistry: Further evidence of enterovirus persistence in myocytes"
3825:
2920:
607:
2005.261V.04: To remove the following species from the existing genus
Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae: Poliovirus. (Note: Poliovirus hereby loses its status as a virus species.)
2747:
1665:"Evolution and Emergence of Enteroviruses through Intra- and Inter-species Recombination: Plasticity and Phenotypic Impact of Modular Genetic Exchanges in the 5' Untranslated Region"
443:
Enteroviruses are capable of producing acute infections that are rapidly cleared by the adaptive immune response. However, genomic mutations which enterovirus B serotypes (such as
1950:"5'-Terminal deletions occur in coxsackievirus B3 during replication in murine hearts and cardiac myocyte cultures and correlate with encapsidation of negative-strand viral RNA"
3720:
2530:
Zhang, Hongyi; Li, Yanwen; McClean, Dougal R; Richardson, Peter J; Latif, Najma; Dunn, Michael J; Archard, Leonard C; Florio, Richard; Sheppard, Mary; Morrison, Karen (2004).
1543:
Barr JN, Fearns R. How RNA viruses maintain their genome integrity. J Gen Virol. 2010 Jun;91(Pt 6):1373–87. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.020818-0. Epub 2010 Mar 24. PMID 20335491 Review
1321:
2632:
3184:
Grammatikos, A., Bright, P., Pearson, J. et al. Chronic
Enteroviral Meningoencephalitis in a Patient with Good's Syndrome Treated with Pocapavir. J Clin Immunol (2022).
352:
appears to be a major driving force in the evolution of enteroviruses as well as in the shaping of their genetic architecture. The mechanism of recombination of the RNA
207:
variants have been defined within several of the serotypes on the basis of reduced or nonreciprocal cross-neutralization between variant strains. On the basis of their
410:
Enterovirus B includes coxsackievirus B1,2,3,4,5,6; coxsackievirus A9; echovirus 1–33 and enterovirus B69–113. Coxsackie B viruses are found worldwide and can cause
7733:
1616:"Common and Diverse Features of Cocirculating Type 2 and 3 Recombinant Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses Isolated From Patients With Poliomyelitis and Healthy Children"
695:
in children. In the United States, enteroviruses are responsible for 30,000 to 50,000 meningitis hospitalizations per year as a result of 10–15 million infections.
3818:
591:
Code 2005.263V.04: To change the type species
Poliovirus from the existing genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae to the type species Human enterovirus C.
2602:
7746:
3307:
189:
associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal).
1154:
serotypes EV-B69, EV-B73 through EV-B75, EV-B77 through EV-B88, EV-B93, EV-B97, EV-B98, EV-B100, EV-B101, EV-B106, EV-B107, EV-B110 through EV-B113, and SA5.
588:
Code 2005.262V.04: To assign the viruses; PV-1, PV-2, PV-3 to the existing species Human enterovirus C in the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae.
3745:
360:, a process known as copy choice recombination. RNA recombination is considered to be an adaptation for dealing with RNA genome damage and a source of
3811:
7707:
2949:
2928:
1412:
3456:"Type 1 diabetes belongs to autoimmune diseases, which are when the body incorrectly identifies its own useful cells as an attacking organism"
1435:"Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China"
2824:
2254:
2892:
1362:"Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification"
3117:
3780:
614:
2005.263V.04: To change the type species of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae, from Poliovirus to Human enterovirus C.
3798:
2303:
2111:"Detection of a low-grade enteroviral infection in the islets of langerhans of living patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes"
7759:
2178:"Persistent infection of human pancreatic islets by coxsackievirus B is associated with alpha interferon synthesis in beta cells"
1663:
Muslin, Claire; Joffret, Marie-Line; Pelletier, Isabelle; Blondel, Bruno; Delpeyroux, Francis (2015-11-12). Lauring, Adam (ed.).
734:
3306:
Oikarinen, M.; Tauriainen, S.; Oikarinen, S.; Honkanen, T.; Collin, P.; Rantala, I.; Maki, M.; Kaukinen, K.; Hyoty, H. (2012).
2636:
585:
Code 2005.261V.04: To remove the following species Poliovirus from the existing genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae.
2580:
3249:
Chia JK, Chia AY (January 2008). "Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach".
789:
A 2007 study suggested that acute respiratory or gastrointestinal infections associated with enterovirus may be a factor in
705:
is characterized by severe paroxysmal pain in the chest and abdomen, along with fever, and sometimes nausea, headache, and
2950:"2005.263V.04.TypeSpEntero.pdf – Vertebrate (through 2014) – Approved Proposals since the 8th Report – ICTV Collaboration"
1292:
2701:"Change of major genotype of enterovirus 71 in outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000"
857:
771:
is rare manifestation of enterovirus infection; when it occurs, the most frequent enterovirus found to be causing it is
762:
518:
404:
357:
258:
2921:"2005.261-262V.04.Polio.pdf – Vertebrate (through 2014) – Approved Proposals since the 8th Report – ICTV Collaboration"
5611:
2610:
639:
2367:"The Enterovirus Theory of Disease Etiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Critical Review"
55:
7355:
6860:
5934:
2327:
890:
7751:
3746:"ICTV Master Species List 2017 – (10th Report) – Master Species Lists – Master Species Lists – ICTV Collaboration"
3721:"ICTV Master Species List 2018 – (10th Report) – Master Species Lists – Master Species Lists – ICTV Collaboration"
2286:"Persistent Coxsackievirus Infection: Enterovirus Persistence in Chronic Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy".
759:, loss of appetite, back pain, and headache. It is also self-limiting, with symptoms typically ending in 3–4 days.
3512:
825:
790:
2235:"Persistent Coxsackievirus Infection: Enterovirus Persistence in Chronic Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy"
1482:
Merkle I, van Ooij MJ, van Kuppeveld FJ, Glaudemans DH, Galama JM, Henke A, Zell R, Melchers WJ (October 2002).
3834:
1725:
829:
814:
475:
1160:
serotypes EV-C95, EV-C96, EV-C99, EV-C102, EV-C104, EV-C105, EV-C109, EV-C113, EV-C116, EV-C117, and EV-C118.
802:
324:
7787:
7634:
3357:"Enteroviral infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: New insights for therapeutic intervention"
1302:
901:
632:
471:
467:
288:
872:
Treatment for enteroviral infection is mainly supportive. In cases of pleurodynia, treatment consists of
7792:
2176:
Chehadeh, W.; Kerr-Conte, J.; Pattou, F.; Alm, G.; Lefebvre, J.; Wattré, P.; Hober, D. (November 2000).
1615:
783:
499:
349:
328:
6122:
2845:"Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2008)"
628:
331:. After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single
250:
6596:
1556:"Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar"
1484:"Biological significance of a human enterovirus B-specific RNA element in the 3' nontranslated region"
30:
7764:
7694:
7173:
6695:
5890:
4169:
3838:
3540:"Coxsackievirus B1 is associated with induction of β-cell autoimmunity that portends type 1 diabetes"
3095:
1148:, EV-A76, EV-A89 through EV-A92, EV-A114, EV-A119, EV-A120, EV-A121, SV19, SV43, SV46, and BabEV-A13.
882:
702:
50:
6992:
6660:
6603:
6575:
6547:
6217:
5901:
5832:
5092:
5085:
4176:
4134:
4127:
343:
proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus.
253:. Infection can result in a wide variety of symptoms, including those of: mild respiratory illness (
7187:
7041:
6820:
6568:
6561:
5381:
4579:
4197:
4183:
4141:
4054:
1049:
1042:
1035:
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1016:
1004:
992:
944:
932:
669:
479:
7279:
7230:
7180:
7159:
6610:
4120:
2660:"Lactoferrin inhibits enterovirus 71 infection of human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro"
6999:
6072:
6065:
5138:
4773:
4759:
4351:
3494:
3274:
2974:
2903:
2819:. (Yale studies in the history of science and medicine). New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
2797:
2561:
2321:
2294:. Tracy, S. (Steven), Oberste, M. Steven., Drescher, Kristen M. Berlin: Springer. 2008. pp.
2158:
905:
849:
692:
560:
455:
269:
3469:
Fairweather D, Rose NR (April 2002). "Type 1 diabetes: virus infection or autoimmune disease?".
2342:"Enterovirus replication in valvular tissue from patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease"
2295:
7738:
7681:
7295:
6254:
6129:
6108:
6001:
5657:
5315:
4957:
4520:
4113:
4040:
3702:
3612:
3561:
3486:
3437:
3386:
3337:
3266:
3231:
3028:
2874:
2820:
2789:
2730:
2681:
2553:
2512:
2504:
2465:
2447:
2406:
2388:
2309:
2299:
2268:
2260:
2250:
2215:
2197:
2150:
2142:
2090:
2072:
2031:
1979:
1895:
1877:
1836:
1758:
1704:
1686:
1645:
1637:
1595:
1577:
1513:
1464:
1391:
1130:
1106:
serotypes CVA-2, CVA-3, CVA-4, CVA-5, CVA-6, CVA-7, CVA-8, CVA-10, CVA-12, CVA-14, and CVA-16.
908:
845:
818:
444:
382:
378:
361:
284:
220:
216:
7672:
2341:
7085:
7013:
6906:
6481:
6423:
6386:
6115:
5846:
5804:
5752:
5715:
5685:
5646:
5500:
5426:
5283:
4605:
4568:
4542:
4500:
4301:
4291:
4106:
3958:
3929:
3777:
3692:
3682:
3602:
3592:
3551:
3478:
3427:
3417:
3376:
3368:
3327:
3319:
3258:
3221:
3213:
3018:
3008:
2864:
2856:
2779:
2720:
2712:
2671:
2543:
2496:
2483:
Triantafyllopoulou, Antigoni; Tapinos, Nikos; Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M. (September 2004).
2455:
2437:
2396:
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2242:
2205:
2189:
2132:
2122:
2080:
2062:
2021:
2013:
2002:"Immunological and pathological consequences of coxsackievirus RNA persistence in the heart"
1969:
1961:
1885:
1867:
1826:
1816:
1694:
1676:
1627:
1585:
1567:
1503:
1495:
1454:
1446:
1381:
1373:
698:
3455:
911:
of enterovirus species A, B, C, D and rhinovirus A, B, C isolates from Latin America. The
7545:
7416:
7251:
7199:
7112:
7068:
7057:
6895:
6747:
6688:
6512:
6233:
6163:
6051:
6034:
5969:
5566:
5521:
5242:
4749:
4531:
4442:
4362:
4258:
3784:
2754:
916:
886:
743:
is caused by Coxsackie A virus, and causes a vesicular rash in the oral cavity and on the
512:
491:
459:
303:
Enterovirus genome, polyprotein processing cascade, and architecture of enterovirus capsid
299:
254:
116:
38:
3794:
3789:
3650:
3139:
3607:
3580:
2460:
2425:
1948:
Kim KS, Tracy S, Tapprich W, Bailey J, Lee CK, Kim K, Barry WH, Chapman NM (June 2005).
782:
of the most common enteroviruses found to be responsible for causing Myocarditis is the
7588:
7566:
7534:
7499:
7405:
7370:
7306:
7149:
7138:
7101:
6943:
6827:
6717:
6646:
6636:
6397:
6189:
6152:
6058:
5853:
5437:
5410:
5057:
5046:
4950:
4915:
4908:
4894:
4887:
4836:
4808:
4738:
4727:
4692:
4476:
4279:
4148:
4085:
4019:
3997:
3919:
3697:
3670:
3432:
3405:
3381:
3356:
3332:
3226:
3201:
3163:
3023:
2996:
2869:
2844:
2401:
2366:
2193:
2085:
2050:
2026:
2001:
1974:
1949:
1890:
1855:
1831:
1804:
1699:
1664:
1590:
1555:
1459:
1434:
1282:
1274:
1167:
1145:
853:
673:
643:
611:
species level, but it is left in to clarify this reorganization of the Picornaviridae.)
265:
232:
228:
182:
140:
128:
3217:
2725:
2700:
2210:
2177:
1508:
1483:
1386:
1361:
765:
is a childhood illness most commonly caused by infection by Coxsackie A virus or EV71.
559:
is the most common form encountered in nature; however, all three forms are extremely
555:
protein. Capsid proteins define cellular receptor specificity and virus antigenicity.
395:
211:
in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups,
7781:
7556:
7451:
7437:
7265:
7258:
7237:
7078:
7027:
7020:
6884:
6780:
6758:
6731:
6707:
6667:
6624:
6589:
6582:
6554:
6540:
6533:
6434:
6370:
6341:
6320:
6299:
6288:
6268:
6200:
6022:
5991:
5980:
5958:
5825:
5692:
5678:
5668:
5635:
5559:
5511:
5454:
5447:
5294:
5194:
5068:
4982:
4964:
4943:
4929:
4829:
4766:
4716:
4638:
4616:
4589:
4552:
4454:
4421:
4269:
4247:
4047:
4030:
4008:
3986:
3908:
3897:
3778:
Home of Picornaviruses (latest updates of species, serotypes, & proposed changes)
3631:
3070:
2288:
1965:
1499:
980:
968:
956:
663:
568:
320:
239:
92:
3498:
3278:
2801:
2565:
2162:
1918:
1450:
1377:
1118:
serotypes CVA-1, CVA-11, CVA-13, CVA-17, CVA-19, CVA-20, CVA-21, CVA-22, and CVA-24.
7578:
7523:
7458:
7427:
7394:
7244:
7216:
7034:
7006:
6985:
6971:
6964:
6954:
6790:
6724:
6653:
6501:
6471:
6460:
6407:
6363:
6353:
6334:
6310:
6261:
6173:
6086:
6044:
5883:
5815:
5793:
5773:
5763:
5573:
5489:
5400:
5371:
5359:
5349:
5337:
5327:
5305:
5263:
5253:
5226:
5205:
5183:
5159:
5149:
5127:
5024:
4975:
4936:
4922:
4901:
4670:
4648:
4626:
4493:
4395:
4383:
4340:
4329:
4236:
4225:
4190:
4096:
3948:
3803:
3140:"Pediatric Enteroviral Infections Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes"
2768:"Identification of genes involved in the host response to enterovirus 71 infection"
1080:
1068:
1056:
768:
712:
656:
623:
423:
415:
315:
characterized by a single positive-strand genomic RNA. All enteroviruses contain a
308:
208:
104:
7686:
2241:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 323. pp. 275–292.
3671:"Human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses in influenza-like illness in Latin America"
3597:
2442:
2246:
1681:
1572:
7720:
7666:
7444:
7223:
7209:
7122:
6978:
6768:
6681:
6674:
6617:
6523:
6444:
6327:
6244:
6210:
6136:
6098:
6079:
6015:
6008:
5839:
5699:
5388:
5216:
5116:
5011:
4861:
4843:
4819:
4682:
4660:
4486:
4464:
4432:
4373:
4162:
4074:
3936:
3886:
3862:
3292:
2716:
2017:
889:. Other treatments that have been investigated for enteroviral carditis include
878:
841:
778:
772:
748:
728:
716:
564:
463:
411:
332:
312:
273:
262:
3372:
2000:
Flynn CT, Kimura T, Frimpong-Boateng K, Harkins S, Whitton JL (December 2017).
1750:
7316:
7272:
7166:
6927:
5736:
5726:
5478:
5078:
4405:
4155:
2860:
2784:
2767:
2548:
2531:
1264:
873:
740:
724:
647:
635:
530:
419:
243:
212:
7657:
3687:
3185:
3046:
2508:
2451:
2392:
2383:
2313:
2264:
2201:
2146:
2076:
2067:
1881:
1690:
1641:
1581:
1133:, E-11 through E-21, E-24, E-25, E-26, E-27, E-29, E-30, E-31, E32, and E-33.
517:
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is notable as one of the major causative agents for
7512:
7383:
6917:
6873:
5947:
5624:
5596:
5035:
3875:
3847:
3262:
3071:"Non-Polio Enterovirus | For Health Care Professionals | Picornavirus | CDC"
2484:
2234:
1632:
1297:
1287:
861:
756:
448:
427:
386:
224:
192:
186:
80:
3706:
3616:
3565:
3490:
3441:
3390:
3341:
3270:
3235:
3032:
2878:
2793:
2734:
2685:
2557:
2516:
2469:
2410:
2272:
2219:
2154:
2094:
2035:
1983:
1899:
1840:
1762:
1708:
1649:
1599:
1517:
1468:
3422:
1395:
7651:
1093:
912:
706:
536:
422:(inflammation of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord); and
336:
277:
200:
196:
7712:
3581:"The viral origin of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome"
3308:"Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Enterovirus Infection in Gut Mucosa"
2426:"The viral origin of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome"
821:
as possibly linked to type 1 diabetes (which is an autoimmune disease).
3482:
2137:
752:
744:
720:
680:
458:, and such non-cytolytic infections have been found in the pancreas in
204:
7725:
3556:
3539:
3323:
3195:
3193:
3013:
2997:"Enteroviruses: A Gut-Wrenching Game of Entry, Detection, and Evasion"
2500:
2127:
2110:
1268:
915:
region is much more affected by recombination events than the VP4/VP2
719:
are typically caused by enteroviruses; symptoms consist of fever with
249:
Poliovirus, as well as coxsackie and echovirus, is spread through the
3513:"Finnish team makes diabetes vaccine breakthrough | Yle Uutiset"
2766:
Shih SR, Stollar V, Lin JY, Chang SC, Chen GW, Li ML (October 2004).
2633:"Rhode Island child with Enterovirus dies after infection: officials"
2485:"Evidence for coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome"
2051:"Persistent Enterovirus Infection: Little Deletions, Long Infections"
1872:
1821:
1433:
Li L, He Y, Yang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Dong J, Zhu Y, Jin Q (August 2005).
685:
552:
353:
340:
316:
280:
41:
7628:
3773:
ICTV International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (official site)
2676:
2659:
731:, heart failure, and myocardial infarction have also been reported.
3772:
2581:"Medical Examiner Finds NJ Preschooler Died Due to Enterovirus 68"
1805:"Neurotropic Enterovirus Infections in the Central Nervous System"
924:
900:
622:
394:
298:
242:
was the most significant disease caused by an enterovirus, namely
67:
2699:
Wang JR, Tuan YC, Tsai HP, Yan JJ, Liu CC, Su IJ (January 2002).
1782:"Echovirus Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
7632:
7496:
7367:
6857:
5931:
5608:
5008:
3859:
3807:
2748:
Laboratory Investigation of a Suspected Enterovirus 71 Outbreak
2609:. Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota. Archived from
1854:
Marjomäki, Varpu; Turkki, Paula; Huttunen, Moona (2015-12-07).
1360:
Oberste MS, Maher K, Kilpatrick DR, Pallansch MA (March 1999).
7699:
3200:
Schultz JC, Hilliard AA, Cooper LT, Rihal CS (November 2009).
3096:"Mysterious polio-like illness found in 5 California children"
1182:
serotypes EV-F1, EV-F2, EV-F3, EV-F4, EV-F5, EV-F6, and EV-F7.
1112:
serotypes CVB-1, CVB-2, CVB-3, CVB-4, CVB-5, CVB-6, and CVA-9.
346:
3790:
alertnet.org, FACTBOX-Q&A on hand, foot and mouth disease
3118:"Mysterious Polio-Like Illness Found in California Children"
235:, etc., where genotyping is based on the VP1 capsid region.
1243:
serotypes RV-C1 through RV-C51, RV-C54, RV-C55, and RV-C56.
638:
early during their life cycle. They can also infect by the
319:
of approximately 7,500 bases and are known to have a high
824:
Enteroviruses, including polioviruses, may be a cause of
454:
This persistent non-cytolytic enterovirus is a mutated
3406:"Enterovirus and type 1 diabetes: What is the matter?"
1330:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
813:
Enterovirus has been speculated to be connected with
7641:
7576:
7554:
7543:
7532:
7521:
7510:
7425:
7414:
7403:
7392:
7381:
7354:
7304:
7293:
7197:
7147:
7136:
7110:
7099:
7066:
7055:
6952:
6941:
6915:
6904:
6893:
6882:
6871:
6808:
6778:
6756:
6745:
6705:
6634:
6521:
6510:
6499:
6469:
6458:
6432:
6421:
6395:
6384:
6351:
6308:
6297:
6286:
6242:
6231:
6198:
6187:
6161:
6150:
6096:
6032:
5989:
5978:
5967:
5956:
5945:
5871:
5813:
5802:
5791:
5761:
5750:
5724:
5713:
5666:
5655:
5644:
5633:
5622:
5595:
5547:
5509:
5498:
5487:
5476:
5435:
5424:
5398:
5369:
5347:
5325:
5303:
5292:
5281:
5251:
5240:
5214:
5203:
5192:
5181:
5147:
5136:
5125:
5114:
5066:
5055:
5044:
5033:
5022:
4875:
4853:
4817:
4806:
4799:
4747:
4736:
4725:
4714:
4680:
4658:
4636:
4614:
4603:
4577:
4566:
4540:
4529:
4518:
4474:
4452:
4430:
4419:
4393:
4371:
4360:
4349:
4338:
4327:
4289:
4267:
4256:
4245:
4234:
4223:
4094:
4083:
4072:
4028:
4017:
4006:
3995:
3984:
3946:
3917:
3906:
3895:
3884:
3873:
3846:
3047:"Non-Polio Enterovirus | Home | Picornavirus | CDC"
2995:Wells, Alexandra I.; Coyne, Carolyn B. (May 2019).
1856:"Infectious Entry Pathway of Enterovirus B Species"
1407:
1405:
1230:
RV-A90, RV-A94, RV-A96, and RV-A100 through RV-A108
691:Enteroviruses are by far the most common causes of
335:, which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded
2365:O'Neal, Adam J.; Hanson, Maureen R. (2021-06-18).
688:, however, and can be severe and life-threatening.
418:(inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart);
356:likely involves template strand switching during
3632:"SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF AN ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION"
1176:serotypes EV-E1, EV-E2, EV-E3, EV-E4, and EV-E5.
195:studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus
2838:
2836:
1757:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
844:. More intense symptoms of enterovirus include
3202:"Diagnosis and treatment of viral myocarditis"
581:Two of the proposals with three changes were:
3819:
1129:serotypes E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7,
600:were ratified by ICTV members in April 2008:
8:
1995:
1993:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1749:Tariq, Naveen; Kyriakopoulos, Chris (2020),
1529:
1527:
311:family, a large and diverse group of small
7629:
7551:
7540:
7529:
7518:
7507:
7493:
7422:
7411:
7400:
7389:
7378:
7364:
7360:
7301:
7144:
7107:
7063:
6949:
6912:
6901:
6890:
6879:
6868:
6854:
6753:
6518:
6507:
6466:
6429:
6392:
6305:
6294:
6239:
6195:
6158:
5986:
5975:
5964:
5953:
5942:
5928:
5810:
5799:
5758:
5721:
5663:
5652:
5641:
5630:
5619:
5605:
5601:
5506:
5495:
5484:
5432:
5300:
5289:
5248:
5211:
5200:
5189:
5144:
5133:
5122:
5063:
5052:
5041:
5030:
5019:
5005:
4814:
4803:
4744:
4733:
4722:
4611:
4574:
4537:
4526:
4427:
4368:
4357:
4346:
4335:
4264:
4253:
4242:
4231:
4091:
4080:
4025:
4014:
4003:
3992:
3914:
3903:
3892:
3881:
3870:
3856:
3852:
3826:
3812:
3804:
3651:"Enteroviruses Treatment & Management"
3295:. 27 July 2004 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
3186:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-022-01321-6
2902:. February 2008. p. 1. Archived from
672:found in children who tested positive for
474:, in the muscles, intestines and brain in
29:
18:
3696:
3686:
3606:
3596:
3555:
3431:
3421:
3380:
3355:Richardson, S. J.; Morgan, N. G. (2018).
3331:
3225:
3022:
3012:
2868:
2783:
2724:
2675:
2547:
2459:
2441:
2400:
2382:
2209:
2136:
2126:
2084:
2066:
2025:
1973:
1889:
1871:
1830:
1820:
1698:
1680:
1631:
1589:
1571:
1507:
1458:
1385:
927:includes the following fifteen species:
619:Diseases caused by enterovirus infection
2658:Lin TY, Chu C, Chiu CH (October 2002).
1341:Derivation of names Entero: from Greek
1313:
1206:serotypes: EV-J1, EV-J103, and EV-J108.
1170:, EV-D70, EV-D94, EV-D111, and EV-D120.
2319:
627:Enteroviruses generally infect by the
3120:. Voice of America. February 24, 2014
1913:
1911:
1909:
1720:
1718:
805:, the 1917–1926 "sleeping sickness".
7:
3404:Bergamin, C. S.; Dib, S. A. (2015).
1413:"Overview of Enterovirus Infections"
1355:
1353:
439:Persistent non-cytolytic enterovirus
3094:Seroka, Rachel (23 February 2014).
2536:Medical Microbiology and Immunology
2233:Chapman, N. M.; Kim, K. S. (2008).
809:Possible correlations being studied
3579:Hanson, Maureen R. (August 2023).
3164:"Non-Polio Enterovirus Infections"
2843:Carstens EB, Ball LA (July 2009).
2664:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2194:10.1128/jvi.74.21.10153-10164.2000
1620:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
666:primarily via the fecal-oral route
14:
3799:Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
3293:"Mystery of the forgotten plague"
2603:"The facts about enterovirus D68"
2424:Hanson, Maureen R. (2023-08-17).
1803:Huang HI, Shih SR (24 Nov 2015).
551:; each with a slightly different
403:Coxsackie A16 virus causes human
307:Enteroviruses are members of the
203:neutralization tests. Additional
2705:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1966:10.1128/JVI.79.11.7024-7041.2005
1500:10.1128/JVI.76.19.9900-9909.2002
1439:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1267:
735:Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
54:
3630:Enterovirus Foundation (2018).
3361:Current Opinion in Pharmacology
3098:. American Academy of Neurology
2049:Chapman, Nora M. (2022-05-12).
1451:10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005
1415:. Merck & Co. February 2018
1378:10.1128/JVI.73.3.1941-1948.1999
1254:serotypes PV-1, PV-2, and PV-3.
1188:serotypes EV-G1 through EV-G20.
737:can be caused by enteroviruses.
3797:on ExPASy Proteomics from the
1:
3251:Journal of Clinical Pathology
3218:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60670-8
1293:Hand, foot, and mouth disease
414:(inflammation of the heart);
167:
3598:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011523
2927:. 2008-03-05. Archived from
2443:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011523
2247:10.1007/978-3-540-75546-3_13
1682:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005266
1573:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030191
858:hand, foot and mouth disease
763:Hand, foot and mouth disease
563:. Poliovirus can affect the
519:hand, foot and mouth disease
405:hand, foot and mouth disease
399:Life cycle of an enterovirus
259:hand, foot and mouth disease
2717:10.1128/JCM.40.1.10-15.2002
2631:Malone S (1 October 2014).
2579:Mohney G (4 October 2014).
2018:10.1016/j.virol.2017.09.017
7809:
3649:Schwartz RA (2018-10-05).
3373:10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.006
2984:. October 2009. p. 1.
2817:A History of Poliomyelitis
891:intravenous immunoglobulin
747:, along with high fever,
528:
510:
489:
376:
7506:
7492:
7377:
7363:
6867:
6853:
5941:
5927:
5618:
5604:
5018:
5004:
3869:
3855:
3410:World Journal of Diabetes
2975:"ICTV Newsletter #7 2009"
2893:"ICTV Newsletter #6 2008"
2861:10.1007/s00705-009-0400-2
2785:10.1080/13550280490499551
2635:. Reuters. Archived from
2549:10.1007/s00430-003-0208-8
1751:"Group B Coxsackie Virus"
1212:serotype EV-K1 and EV-K2.
1200:serotype EV-I1 and EV-I2.
826:myalgic encephalomyelitis
791:myalgic encephalomyelitis
476:myalgic encephalomyelitis
165:
160:
49:
37:
28:
21:
3688:10.1186/1743-422x-10-305
2772:Journal of Neurovirology
2489:Arthritis and Rheumatism
2384:10.3389/fmed.2021.688486
2290:Group B coxsackieviruses
2239:Group B Coxsackieviruses
2068:10.3390/vaccines10050770
830:chronic fatigue syndrome
325:low-fidelity replication
3263:10.1136/jcp.2007.050054
3206:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
3166:. CDC. 8 September 2014
1092:These fifteen species'
803:Encephalitis lethargica
3636:Enterovirus Foundation
3144:emedicine.medscape.com
2326:: CS1 maint: others (
1303:Influenza-like illness
920:
877:complications such as
651:
472:valvular heart disease
468:dilated cardiomyopathy
400:
304:
289:acute flaccid myelitis
3423:10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.828
2371:Frontiers in Medicine
1633:10.1093/infdis/jis204
1010:Porcine enterovirus B
904:
626:
500:Staphylococcus aureus
398:
302:
283:-like disease, acute
3839:virus classification
2849:Archives of Virology
1022:Simian enterovirus A
883:pericardial effusion
703:epidemic pleurodynia
339:into the structural
51:Virus classification
6821:Permutotetraviridae
4580:Orthopolintovirales
4055:Malacoherpesviridae
2954:Talk.ictvonline.org
2925:Talk.ictvonline.org
2188:(21): 10153–10164.
2182:Journal of Virology
1954:Journal of Virology
1488:Journal of Virology
1366:Journal of Virology
974:Human enterovirus D
962:Human enterovirus C
950:Human enterovirus B
938:Human enterovirus A
670:Polio-like syndrome
642:as in the case of
221:Coxsackie B viruses
217:Coxsackie A viruses
45:coloured by chains
5139:Malgrandaviricetes
4774:Sphaerolipoviridae
4760:Matshushitaviridae
4352:Nucleocytoviricota
3783:2010-11-04 at the
3483:10.1038/ni0402-338
3458:. 15 January 2019.
2753:2008-05-28 at the
2639:on October 1, 2014
1086:Human rhinovirus C
1074:Human rhinovirus B
1062:Human rhinovirus A
998:Bovine enterovirus
986:Bovine enterovirus
921:
909:phylogenetic trees
906:Maximum likelihood
850:aseptic meningitis
798:Suspected diseases
784:Coxsackie B3 virus
693:aseptic meningitis
652:
480:Sjögren's syndrome
401:
305:
287:, and the related
270:aseptic meningitis
231:, EV-B69, EV-D70,
7775:
7774:
7635:Taxon identifiers
7626:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7350:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7296:Yunchangviricetes
7289:
7288:
7132:
7131:
7095:
7094:
7051:
7050:
6937:
6936:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6741:
6740:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6454:
6453:
6417:
6416:
6380:
6379:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6255:Carmotetraviridae
6227:
6226:
6183:
6182:
6146:
6145:
6130:Gammaflexiviridae
6123:Deltaflexiviridae
6109:Alphaflexiviridae
6002:Alphatetraviridae
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5746:
5745:
5709:
5708:
5658:Chrymotiviricetes
5591:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5420:
5419:
5316:Bacilladnaviridae
5277:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5236:
5235:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4958:Portogloboviridae
4871:
4870:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4599:
4598:
4562:
4561:
4521:Preplasmiviricota
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4415:
4414:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4114:Autographiviridae
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4041:Alloherpesviridae
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3557:10.2337/db13-0619
3519:. 21 October 2013
3471:Nature Immunology
3324:10.2337/db11-1157
3014:10.3390/v11050460
2909:on July 23, 2011.
2826:978-0-300-01324-5
2501:10.1002/art.20463
2256:978-3-540-75545-6
2128:10.2337/db14-1370
1866:(12): 6387–6399.
1815:(11): 6051–6066.
819:Coxsackievirus B1
640:respiratory tract
383:Coxsackie B virus
379:Coxsackie A virus
362:genetic diversity
285:flaccid paralysis
174:
173:
7800:
7768:
7767:
7755:
7754:
7742:
7741:
7729:
7728:
7716:
7715:
7703:
7702:
7690:
7689:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7662:
7661:
7660:
7630:
7552:
7541:
7530:
7519:
7508:
7500:dsDNA-RT viruses
7494:
7423:
7412:
7401:
7390:
7379:
7371:ssRNA-RT viruses
7365:
7361:
7302:
7145:
7113:Serpentovirales
7108:
7086:Orthomyxoviridae
7064:
7014:Peribunyaviridae
6950:
6913:
6907:Chunqiuviricetes
6902:
6891:
6880:
6869:
6861:(–)ssRNA viruses
6855:
6754:
6597:Nanghoshaviridae
6519:
6508:
6482:Botourmiaviridae
6467:
6430:
6424:Howeltoviricetes
6393:
6387:Amabiliviricetes
6306:
6295:
6240:
6196:
6159:
6116:Betaflexiviridae
5987:
5976:
5965:
5954:
5943:
5935:(+)ssRNA viruses
5929:
5847:Picobirnaviridae
5811:
5805:Duplopiviricetes
5800:
5759:
5753:Vidaverviricetes
5722:
5716:Resentoviricetes
5686:Megabirnaviridae
5664:
5653:
5647:Duplornaviricota
5642:
5631:
5620:
5606:
5602:
5507:
5501:Huolimaviricetes
5496:
5485:
5433:
5427:Repensiviricetes
5301:
5290:
5284:Cressdnaviricota
5249:
5212:
5201:
5190:
5145:
5134:
5123:
5064:
5053:
5042:
5031:
5020:
5006:
4815:
4804:
4745:
4734:
4723:
4612:
4606:Tectiliviricetes
4575:
4569:Polintoviricetes
4543:Priklausovirales
4538:
4527:
4501:Marseilleviridae
4428:
4369:
4358:
4347:
4336:
4302:Papillomaviridae
4292:Zurhausenvirales
4265:
4254:
4243:
4232:
4107:Ackermannviridae
4092:
4081:
4026:
4015:
4004:
3993:
3959:Tristromaviridae
3930:Lipothrixviridae
3915:
3904:
3893:
3882:
3871:
3857:
3853:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3805:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3690:
3675:Virology Journal
3665:
3659:
3658:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3600:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3016:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:on July 26, 2011
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2855:(7): 1181–1188.
2840:
2831:
2830:
2815:Paul JR (1971).
2812:
2806:
2805:
2787:
2763:
2757:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2670:(8): 1161–1164.
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2551:
2542:(2–3): 109–114.
2527:
2521:
2520:
2495:(9): 2897–2902.
2480:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2445:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2386:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:academic.oup.com
2338:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2293:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2140:
2130:
2121:(5): 1682–1687.
2105:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2070:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2029:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1919:"What is Polio?"
1915:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1875:
1873:10.3390/v7122945
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1822:10.3390/v7112920
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1684:
1675:(11): e1005266.
1660:
1654:
1653:
1635:
1626:(9): 1363–1373.
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1575:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1318:
1277:
1272:
1271:
923:The enterovirus
699:Bornholm disease
633:gastrointestinal
629:fecal–oral route
535:There are three
445:coxsackievirus B
251:fecal–oral route
199:on the basis of
185:single-stranded
59:
58:
33:
19:
16:Genus of viruses
7808:
7807:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7763:
7758:
7750:
7745:
7737:
7732:
7724:
7719:
7711:
7706:
7698:
7693:
7685:
7680:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7650:
7637:
7627:
7594:
7572:
7546:Revtraviricetes
7502:
7464:
7417:Revtraviricetes
7373:
7322:
7285:
7252:Paramyxoviridae
7200:Mononegavirales
7193:
7174:Crepuscuviridae
7128:
7091:
7069:Articulavirales
7058:Insthoviricetes
7047:
6933:
6896:Negarnaviricota
6863:
6833:
6796:
6774:
6748:Stelpaviricetes
6737:
6701:
6696:Polycipiviridae
6689:Dicistroviridae
6630:
6513:Pisoniviricetes
6487:
6450:
6413:
6376:
6347:
6274:
6234:Tolucaviricetes
6223:
6179:
6164:Amarillovirales
6142:
6092:
6052:Closteroviridae
6035:Martellivirales
6028:
5970:Kitrinoviricota
5937:
5907:
5891:Polymycoviridae
5859:
5779:
5742:
5705:
5614:
5579:
5567:Finnlakeviridae
5527:
5522:Pleolipoviridae
5460:
5416:
5394:
5365:
5343:
5321:
5269:
5243:Quintoviricetes
5232:
5165:
5098:
5014:
4988:
4867:
4849:
4779:
4750:Halopanivirales
4698:
4676:
4654:
4632:
4595:
4558:
4532:Maveriviricetes
4506:
4470:
4448:
4443:Phycodnaviridae
4411:
4389:
4363:Pokkesviricetes
4307:
4285:
4259:Papovaviricetes
4203:
4170:Rountreeviridae
4060:
3964:
3942:
3865:
3842:
3832:
3785:Wayback Machine
3769:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3591:(8): e1011523.
3578:
3577:
3573:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3040:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2755:Wayback Machine
2746:
2742:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2607:Childrensmn.org
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2436:(8): e1011523.
2423:
2422:
2418:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2318:
2306:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2257:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2048:
2047:
2043:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1960:(11): 7024–41.
1947:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1726:"Enterovirus A"
1724:
1723:
1716:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1525:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1334:
1332:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1218:serotype EV-L1.
1100:Coxsackievirus
917:coding sequence
899:
887:cardiac failure
870:
838:
815:Type 1 diabetes
811:
800:
644:enterovirus D68
631:and target the
621:
603:Picornaviruses
539:of poliovirus,
533:
527:
515:
513:Enterovirus A71
509:
507:Enterovirus A71
494:
492:Enterovirus D68
488:
486:Enterovirus D68
460:type 1 diabetes
441:
389:
377:Main articles:
375:
373:Enterovirus A–L
370:
358:RNA replication
297:
255:the common cold
118:Pisoniviricetes
53:
44:
39:Enterovirus A71
17:
12:
11:
5:
7806:
7804:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7780:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7756:
7743:
7730:
7717:
7704:
7691:
7678:
7663:
7647:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7589:Caulimoviridae
7584:
7582:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7567:Hepadnaviridae
7562:
7560:
7549:
7538:
7535:Artverviricota
7527:
7516:
7504:
7503:
7497:
7490:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7441:
7433:
7431:
7420:
7409:
7406:Artverviricota
7398:
7387:
7375:
7374:
7368:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7312:
7310:
7307:Goujianvirales
7299:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7227:
7220:
7213:
7205:
7203:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7155:
7153:
7150:Jingchuvirales
7142:
7139:Monjiviricetes
7134:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7118:
7116:
7105:
7102:Milneviricetes
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7082:
7074:
7072:
7061:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6993:Leishbuviridae
6989:
6982:
6975:
6968:
6960:
6958:
6947:
6944:Ellioviricetes
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6923:
6921:
6910:
6899:
6888:
6877:
6865:
6864:
6858:
6851:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6828:Sarthroviridae
6824:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6786:
6784:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6764:
6762:
6751:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6718:Alvernaviridae
6713:
6711:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6661:Solinviviridae
6657:
6650:
6647:Picornaviridae
6642:
6640:
6637:Picornavirales
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6604:Nanhypoviridae
6600:
6593:
6586:
6579:
6576:Medioniviridae
6572:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6548:Cremegaviridae
6544:
6537:
6529:
6527:
6516:
6505:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6477:
6475:
6464:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6440:
6438:
6427:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6403:
6401:
6398:Wolframvirales
6390:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6367:
6359:
6357:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6316:
6314:
6303:
6292:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6248:
6237:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6218:Sinhaliviridae
6214:
6206:
6204:
6193:
6190:Magsaviricetes
6185:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6169:
6167:
6156:
6153:Flasuviricetes
6148:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6104:
6102:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6059:Endornaviridae
6055:
6048:
6040:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5997:
5995:
5984:
5973:
5962:
5951:
5939:
5938:
5932:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5902:Botybirnavirus
5894:
5887:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5854:Partitiviridae
5850:
5843:
5836:
5833:Curvulaviridae
5829:
5821:
5819:
5808:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5769:
5767:
5756:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5732:
5730:
5719:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5661:
5650:
5639:
5628:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5517:
5515:
5504:
5493:
5482:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5443:
5441:
5438:Geplafuvirales
5430:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5411:Redondoviridae
5406:
5404:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5385:
5377:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5355:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5331:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5311:
5309:
5298:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5259:
5257:
5246:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5222:
5220:
5209:
5198:
5187:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5155:
5153:
5142:
5131:
5120:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5093:Plectroviridae
5089:
5086:Paulinoviridae
5082:
5074:
5072:
5061:
5058:Faserviricetes
5050:
5047:Hofneiviricota
5039:
5028:
5016:
5015:
5009:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4979:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4951:Polydnaviridae
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4916:Globuloviridae
4912:
4909:Fuselloviridae
4905:
4898:
4895:Bicaudaviridae
4891:
4888:Ampullaviridae
4879:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4837:Hytrosaviridae
4833:
4825:
4823:
4812:
4809:Naldaviricetes
4801:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4755:
4753:
4742:
4739:Laserviricetes
4731:
4728:Dividoviricota
4720:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4693:Corticoviridae
4688:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4644:
4642:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4620:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
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4593:
4585:
4583:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4546:
4535:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4480:
4477:Pimascovirales
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4460:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4379:
4377:
4366:
4355:
4344:
4333:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4280:Polyomaviridae
4275:
4273:
4262:
4251:
4240:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4177:Salasmaviridae
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4149:Herelleviridae
4145:
4138:
4135:Drexlerviridae
4131:
4128:Demerecviridae
4124:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4100:
4089:
4086:Caudoviricetes
4078:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4034:
4023:
4020:Herviviricetes
4012:
4001:
3998:Heunggongvirae
3990:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3923:
3920:Ligamenvirales
3912:
3901:
3890:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3792:
3787:
3775:
3768:
3767:External links
3765:
3763:
3762:
3750:ictvonline.org
3737:
3725:ictvonline.org
3712:
3660:
3641:
3622:
3585:PLOS Pathogens
3571:
3529:
3504:
3461:
3447:
3416:(6): 828–839.
3396:
3347:
3318:(3): 687–691.
3298:
3284:
3241:
3212:(11): 1001–9.
3189:
3177:
3155:
3131:
3109:
3086:
3062:
3038:
2987:
2966:
2941:
2912:
2884:
2832:
2825:
2807:
2778:(5): 293–304.
2758:
2740:
2691:
2677:10.1086/343809
2650:
2623:
2594:
2571:
2522:
2475:
2430:PLOS Pathogens
2416:
2357:
2333:
2304:
2278:
2255:
2225:
2168:
2100:
2041:
1989:
1935:
1905:
1846:
1795:
1773:
1741:
1714:
1669:PLOS Pathogens
1655:
1605:
1560:PLOS Pathogens
1545:
1536:
1523:
1494:(19): 9900–9.
1474:
1425:
1401:
1349:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Coxsackievirus
1279:
1278:
1275:Viruses portal
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:Enterovirus C:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:Enterovirus L:
1213:
1210:Enterovirus K:
1207:
1204:Enterovirus J:
1201:
1198:Enterovirus I:
1195:
1194:serotype EV-H.
1192:Enterovirus H:
1189:
1186:Enterovirus G:
1183:
1180:Enterovirus F:
1177:
1174:Enterovirus E:
1171:
1164:Enterovirus D:
1161:
1158:Enterovirus C:
1155:
1152:Enterovirus B:
1149:
1142:Enterovirus A:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:Enterovirus B:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:Enterovirus C:
1113:
1110:Enterovirus B:
1107:
1104:Enterovirus A:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
898:
895:
869:
866:
854:conjunctivitis
837:
834:
810:
807:
799:
796:
795:
794:
787:
776:
766:
760:
738:
732:
710:
696:
689:
677:
674:enterovirus 68
667:
620:
617:
616:
615:
612:
608:
593:
592:
589:
586:
529:Main article:
526:
523:
511:Main article:
508:
505:
490:Main article:
487:
484:
440:
437:
374:
371:
369:
368:Member viruses
366:
296:
293:
266:conjunctivitis
183:positive-sense
181:is a genus of
172:
171:
163:
162:
158:
157:
150:
146:
145:
142:Picornaviridae
138:
134:
133:
130:Picornavirales
126:
122:
121:
114:
110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
90:
86:
85:
78:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7805:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7788:Enteroviruses
7786:
7785:
7783:
7766:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7683:
7679:
7674:
7668:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7631:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7557:Blubervirales
7553:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7495:
7491:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7452:Pseudoviridae
7449:
7447:
7446:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7438:Belpaoviridae
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7396:
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7388:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7266:Rhabdoviridae
7263:
7261:
7260:
7259:Pneumoviridae
7256:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7238:Mymonaviridae
7235:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7190:
7189:
7188:Natareviridae
7185:
7183:
7182:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7079:Amnoonviridae
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7044:
7043:
7042:Wupedeviridae
7039:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7028:Phenuiviridae
7025:
7023:
7022:
7021:Phasmaviridae
7018:
7016:
7015:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6940:
6930:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6885:Orthornavirae
6881:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6856:
6852:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6807:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6781:Stellavirales
6777:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6759:Patatavirales
6755:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6734:
6733:
6732:Solemoviridae
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6708:Sobelivirales
6704:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6668:Caliciviridae
6665:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6625:Tobaniviridae
6622:
6620:
6619:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6590:Mononiviridae
6587:
6585:
6584:
6583:Mesoniviridae
6580:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6569:Gresnaviridae
6566:
6564:
6563:
6562:Euroniviridae
6559:
6557:
6556:
6555:Coronaviridae
6552:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6541:Arteriviridae
6538:
6536:
6535:
6534:Abyssoviridae
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6435:Cryppavirales
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6373:
6372:
6371:Steitzviridae
6368:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6342:Solspiviridae
6339:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6321:Atkinsviridae
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6300:Leviviricetes
6296:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6289:Lenarviricota
6285:
6271:
6270:
6269:Tombusviridae
6266:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6201:Nodamuvirales
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6023:Matonaviridae
6020:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5992:Hepelivirales
5988:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5981:Alsuviricetes
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5959:Orthornavirae
5955:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5926:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5826:Amalgaviridae
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5693:Quadriviridae
5690:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5679:Chrysoviridae
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5669:Ghabrivirales
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5636:Orthornavirae
5632:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5612:dsRNA viruses
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5560:Anelloviridae
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5512:Haloruvirales
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5457:
5456:
5455:Genomoviridae
5452:
5450:
5449:
5448:Geminiviridae
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5382:Metaxyviridae
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5295:Arfiviricetes
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5195:Cossaviricota
5191:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5069:Tubulavirales
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5012:ssDNA viruses
5007:
5003:
4985:
4984:
4983:Rhizidiovirus
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4965:Thaspiviridae
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:Plasmaviridae
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4930:Halspiviridae
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4830:Baculoviridae
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:Simuloviridae
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:Helvetiavirae
4713:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4639:Kalamavirales
4635:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4617:Belfryvirales
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4592:
4591:
4590:Adintoviridae
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4553:Lavidaviridae
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:Imitervirales
4451:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:Megaviricetes
4418:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:Sepolyvirales
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4248:Cossaviricota
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4200:
4199:
4198:Zobellviridae
4195:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4184:Schitoviridae
4181:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:Guelinviridae
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4048:Herpesviridae
4045:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:Herpesvirales
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4009:Peploviricota
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3987:Duplodnaviria
3983:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:Tokiviricetes
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3898:Taleaviricota
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:dsDNA viruses
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3550:(2): 446–55.
3549:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3530:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:(4): 338–40.
3476:
3472:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2613:on 2014-10-06
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2305:9783540755463
2301:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:(8): 3835–9.
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:(3): 1941–8.
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:, 'intestine'
1344:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:Rhinovirus C:
1239:
1235:
1234:Rhinovirus B:
1232:
1228:
1227:Rhinovirus A:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:Enterovirus L
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:Enterovirus K
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:Enterovirus J
1033:
1031:
1030:
1029:Enterovirus I
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:Enterovirus H
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1005:Enterovirus G
1002:
999:
995:
994:
993:Enterovirus F
990:
987:
983:
982:
981:Enterovirus E
978:
975:
971:
970:
969:Enterovirus D
966:
963:
959:
958:
957:Enterovirus C
954:
951:
947:
946:
945:Enterovirus B
942:
939:
935:
934:
933:Enterovirus A
930:
929:
928:
926:
918:
914:
910:
907:
903:
896:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
835:
833:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
808:
806:
804:
797:
792:
788:
785:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
700:
697:
694:
690:
687:
682:
678:
675:
671:
668:
665:
664:Poliomyelitis
662:
661:
660:
658:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
625:
618:
613:
609:
606:
605:
604:
601:
597:
590:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
576:
572:
570:
569:poliomyelitis
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
532:
524:
522:
520:
514:
506:
504:
502:
501:
493:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:, in chronic
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
438:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
397:
393:
388:
384:
380:
372:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:recombination
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:recombination
327:and frequent
326:
322:
321:mutation rate
318:
314:
310:
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
240:poliomyelitis
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
179:
170:
169:
164:
159:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:Orthornavirae
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
24:
20:
7793:Virus genera
7642:
7587:
7579:Ortervirales
7577:
7565:
7555:
7544:
7533:
7524:Pararnavirae
7522:
7511:
7459:Retroviridae
7457:
7450:
7443:
7436:
7428:Ortervirales
7426:
7415:
7404:
7395:Pararnavirae
7393:
7382:
7315:
7305:
7294:
7280:Xinmoviridae
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7250:
7245:Nyamiviridae
7243:
7236:
7231:Lispiviridae
7229:
7222:
7217:Bornaviridae
7215:
7208:
7198:
7186:
7181:Myriaviridae
7179:
7172:
7165:
7160:Aliusviridae
7158:
7148:
7137:
7121:
7111:
7100:
7084:
7077:
7067:
7056:
7040:
7035:Tospoviridae
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7007:Nairoviridae
7005:
6998:
6991:
6986:Hantaviridae
6984:
6977:
6972:Arenaviridae
6970:
6965:Cruliviridae
6963:
6955:Bunyavirales
6953:
6942:
6926:
6916:
6905:
6894:
6883:
6872:
6826:
6819:
6815:
6791:Astroviridae
6789:
6779:
6767:
6757:
6746:
6730:
6725:Barnaviridae
6723:
6716:
6706:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6654:Marnaviridae
6652:
6645:
6635:
6623:
6616:
6611:Olifoviridae
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6522:
6511:
6502:Pisuviricota
6500:
6480:
6472:Ourlivirales
6470:
6461:Miaviricetes
6459:
6443:
6433:
6422:
6408:Narnaviridae
6406:
6396:
6385:
6369:
6364:Blumeviridae
6362:
6354:Timlovirales
6352:
6340:
6335:Fiersviridae
6333:
6326:
6319:
6311:Norzivirales
6309:
6298:
6287:
6267:
6262:Luteoviridae
6260:
6253:
6243:
6232:
6216:
6209:
6199:
6188:
6174:Flaviviridae
6172:
6162:
6151:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6097:
6087:Virgaviridae
6085:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6045:Bromoviridae
6043:
6033:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5990:
5979:
5968:
5957:
5946:
5900:
5896:
5889:
5884:Birnaviridae
5882:
5878:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5816:Durnavirales
5814:
5803:
5794:Pisuviricota
5792:
5774:Cystoviridae
5772:
5764:Mindivirales
5762:
5751:
5735:
5725:
5714:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5667:
5656:
5645:
5634:
5623:
5574:Spiraviridae
5572:
5565:
5558:
5554:
5520:
5510:
5499:
5490:Saleviricota
5488:
5477:
5453:
5446:
5436:
5425:
5409:
5401:Recrevirales
5399:
5387:
5380:
5372:Mulpavirales
5370:
5360:Smacoviridae
5358:
5350:Cremevirales
5348:
5338:Circoviridae
5336:
5328:Cirlivirales
5326:
5314:
5306:Baphyvirales
5304:
5293:
5282:
5264:Parvoviridae
5262:
5254:Piccovirales
5252:
5241:
5227:Bidnaviridae
5225:
5215:
5206:Mouviricetes
5204:
5193:
5184:Shotokuvirae
5182:
5160:Microviridae
5158:
5150:Petitvirales
5148:
5137:
5128:Phixviricota
5126:
5115:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5067:
5056:
5045:
5034:
5025:Monodnaviria
5023:
4981:
4976:Dinodnavirus
4974:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4937:Ovaliviridae
4935:
4928:
4923:Guttaviridae
4921:
4914:
4907:
4902:Clavaviridae
4900:
4893:
4886:
4882:
4860:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4818:
4807:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4748:
4737:
4726:
4715:
4691:
4681:
4671:Adenoviridae
4669:
4659:
4649:Tectiviridae
4647:
4637:
4627:Turriviridae
4625:
4615:
4604:
4588:
4578:
4567:
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4541:
4530:
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4499:
4494:Iridoviridae
4492:
4485:
4475:
4463:
4453:
4441:
4431:
4420:
4404:
4396:Chitovirales
4394:
4384:Asfarviridae
4382:
4372:
4361:
4350:
4341:Bamfordvirae
4339:
4330:Varidnaviria
4328:
4300:
4290:
4278:
4268:
4257:
4246:
4237:Shotokuvirae
4235:
4226:Monodnaviria
4224:
4196:
4191:Siphoviridae
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4121:Chaseviridae
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:Caudovirales
4095:
4084:
4073:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4029:
4018:
4007:
3996:
3985:
3957:
3949:Primavirales
3947:
3935:
3928:
3918:
3907:
3896:
3885:
3874:
3754:. Retrieved
3752:. 2017-07-01
3749:
3740:
3729:. Retrieved
3727:. 2018-07-01
3724:
3715:
3678:
3674:
3663:
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3644:
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3516:
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3209:
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3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3158:
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3143:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3074:
3065:
3054:. Retrieved
3050:
3041:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2981:
2969:
2958:. Retrieved
2956:. 2008-03-05
2953:
2944:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2924:
2915:
2904:the original
2899:
2887:
2852:
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2810:
2775:
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2743:
2711:(1): 10–15.
2708:
2704:
2694:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2626:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2574:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2433:
2429:
2419:
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2345:
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2238:
2228:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2118:
2114:
2103:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2009:
2005:
1957:
1953:
1927:. Retrieved
1925:. 2020-06-17
1922:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1784:. 2020-03-22
1776:
1766:, retrieved
1754:
1744:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1566:(12): e191.
1563:
1559:
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1539:
1491:
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1442:
1438:
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1369:
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1342:
1340:
1333:. Retrieved
1329:
1323:
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1251:
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1185:
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1157:
1151:
1141:
1138:Enterovirus
1126:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1091:
1085:
1081:Rhinovirus C
1079:
1073:
1069:Rhinovirus B
1067:
1061:
1057:Rhinovirus A
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
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961:
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949:
943:
937:
931:
922:
871:
839:
823:
812:
801:
769:Encephalitis
755:, and often
713:Pericarditis
679:Nonspecific
657:pericarditis
653:
648:rhinoviruses
602:
598:
594:
580:
575:Polioviruses
574:
573:
556:
548:
544:
540:
534:
516:
498:
495:
456:quasispecies
453:
442:
433:
424:pancreatitis
416:pericarditis
409:
402:
390:
345:
309:picornavirus
306:
248:
237:
213:polioviruses
209:pathogenesis
191:
177:
176:
175:
166:
153:
152:
141:
129:
117:
106:Pisuviricota
105:
93:
81:
74:
64:(unranked):
22:
7721:iNaturalist
7673:Enterovirus
7667:Wikispecies
7643:Enterovirus
7445:Metaviridae
7224:Filoviridae
7210:Artoviridae
7123:Aspiviridae
7000:Mypoviridae
6979:Fimoviridae
6769:Potyviridae
6682:Secoviridae
6675:Iflaviridae
6618:Roniviridae
6524:Nidovirales
6445:Mitoviridae
6328:Duinviridae
6245:Tolivirales
6211:Nodaviridae
6137:Tymoviridae
6099:Tymovirales
6080:Togaviridae
6073:Mayoviridae
6066:Kitaviridae
6016:Hepeviridae
6009:Benyviridae
5840:Hypoviridae
5700:Totiviridae
5389:Nanoviridae
5217:Polivirales
5117:Sangervirae
4862:Nimaviridae
4844:Nudiviridae
4820:Lefavirales
4683:Vinavirales
4661:Rowavirales
4487:Ascoviridae
4465:Mimiviridae
4433:Algavirales
4374:Asfuvirales
4163:Podoviridae
4075:Uroviricota
3937:Rudiviridae
3887:Zilligvirae
3795:Enterovirus
3257:(1): 43–8.
3170:9 September
3124:24 February
3102:24 February
3075:www.cdc.gov
3051:www.cdc.gov
2138:10871/17927
2012:: 104–112.
1923:www.cdc.gov
1788:21 November
1324:Enterovirus
1248:Poliovirus
1223:Rhinovirus
879:arrhythmias
842:common cold
779:Myocarditis
773:echovirus 9
749:sore throat
729:Arrhythmias
717:myocarditis
655:vision, to
565:spinal cord
464:myocarditis
428:Echoviruses
412:myocarditis
333:polyprotein
313:RNA viruses
274:myocarditis
263:hemorrhagic
225:echoviruses
187:RNA viruses
178:Enterovirus
154:Enterovirus
23:Enterovirus
7782:Categories
7317:Yueviridae
7273:Sunviridae
7167:Chuviridae
6928:Qinviridae
6809:Unassigned
5872:Unassigned
5737:Reoviridae
5727:Reovirales
5548:Unassigned
5479:Trapavirae
5079:Inoviridae
4876:Unassigned
4854:Unassigned
4800:Unassigned
4406:Poxviridae
4156:Myoviridae
3756:2018-07-29
3731:2019-02-19
3523:2016-04-14
3149:2018-07-21
3080:2017-03-22
3056:2017-03-22
3007:(5): 460.
2960:2016-04-14
2935:2016-04-14
2617:2014-02-25
2377:: 688486.
2351:2023-10-11
2061:(5): 770.
1929:2020-11-21
1768:2020-11-21
1755:StatPearls
1735:2020-11-21
1419:2019-07-17
1335:5 February
1309:References
1166:serotypes
1144:serotypes
1123:Echovirus
1084:(formerly
1072:(formerly
1060:(formerly
1020:(formerly
1008:(formerly
996:(formerly
984:(formerly
972:(formerly
960:(formerly
948:(formerly
936:(formerly
874:analgesics
832:(CFS/ME).
741:Herpangina
725:chest pain
636:epithelium
567:and cause
561:infectious
531:Poliovirus
525:Poliovirus
420:meningitis
244:poliovirus
223:(CB), and
7513:Riboviria
7384:Riboviria
6918:Muvirales
6874:Riboviria
5948:Riboviria
5625:Riboviria
5036:Loebvirae
3876:Adnaviria
3835:Baltimore
3367:: 11–19.
2643:6 October
2587:6 October
2583:. ABCNews
2509:0004-3591
2452:1553-7366
2393:2296-858X
2322:cite book
2314:233973571
2265:0070-217X
2202:0022-538X
2147:1939-327X
2077:2076-393X
1882:1999-4915
1691:1553-7374
1642:1537-6613
1582:1553-7374
1298:Influenza
1288:Echovirus
1096:include:
868:Treatment
862:paralysis
757:dysphagia
537:serotypes
478:, and in
449:echovirus
387:Echovirus
337:proteases
276:, severe
205:antigenic
197:serotypes
193:Serologic
89:Kingdom:
82:Riboviria
7713:10269571
7652:Wikidata
6816:Families
5879:Families
5555:Families
4883:Families
3781:Archived
3707:24119298
3655:Medscape
3617:37590180
3608:10434940
3566:23974921
3544:Diabetes
3499:12672403
3491:11919574
3442:26131324
3391:30064099
3342:22315304
3312:Diabetes
3279:15705222
3271:17872383
3236:19880690
3033:31117206
2879:19495937
2802:13074639
2794:15385252
2751:Archived
2735:11773085
2686:12355368
2566:20457715
2558:14634804
2517:15457458
2470:37590180
2461:10434940
2411:34222292
2273:18357775
2220:11024144
2163:40883074
2155:25422108
2115:Diabetes
2095:35632526
2055:Vaccines
2036:28950225
2006:Virology
1984:15890942
1900:26690201
1841:26610549
1763:32809618
1709:26562151
1650:22457288
1600:18085822
1518:12208967
1469:16081920
1322:"Genus:
1261:See also
1094:serotype
1000:group B)
988:group A)
897:Taxonomy
836:Symptoms
295:Virology
278:neonatal
261:, acute
201:antibody
168:See text
161:Species
137:Family:
101:Phylum:
7739:1046202
7658:Q519796
3698:3854537
3681:: 305.
3433:4478578
3382:6294842
3333:3282798
3227:2770911
3024:6563291
3001:Viruses
2870:7086627
2402:8253308
2086:9143164
2027:5653433
1975:1112132
1891:4690868
1860:Viruses
1832:4664993
1809:Viruses
1700:4643034
1591:2134956
1534:Review.
1460:1233905
1396:9971773
1343:enteron
1237:RV-B104
846:hypoxia
753:malaise
745:pharynx
721:dyspnea
715:and/or
681:febrile
323:due to
149:Genus:
125:Order:
113:Class:
7765:600326
7726:511470
5897:Genera
4971:Genera
3705:
3695:
3615:
3605:
3564:
3517:Yle.fi
3497:
3489:
3440:
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3340:
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2800:
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2211:102054
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1509:136489
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1467:
1457:
1394:
1387:104435
1384:
1168:EV-D68
1146:EV-A71
885:, and
860:, and
707:emesis
686:sepsis
553:capsid
547:, and
385:, and
354:genome
341:capsid
317:genome
281:sepsis
233:EV-A71
229:EV-D68
219:(CA),
42:capsid
7760:WoRMS
7752:12059
7734:IRMNG
7700:67584
7498:VII:
5610:III:
3495:S2CID
3275:S2CID
2978:(PDF)
2907:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2798:S2CID
2562:S2CID
2159:S2CID
925:genus
913:5'UTR
470:, in
75:Realm
68:Virus
7747:NCBI
7708:GBIF
7687:4C4Q
7369:VI:
5933:IV:
5010:II:
3703:PMID
3613:PMID
3562:PMID
3487:PMID
3438:PMID
3387:PMID
3338:PMID
3267:PMID
3232:PMID
3172:2014
3126:2014
3104:2014
3029:PMID
2982:ICTV
2900:ICTV
2875:PMID
2821:ISBN
2790:PMID
2731:PMID
2682:PMID
2645:2014
2589:2014
2554:PMID
2513:PMID
2505:ISSN
2466:PMID
2448:ISSN
2407:PMID
2389:ISSN
2328:link
2310:OCLC
2300:ISBN
2269:PMID
2261:ISSN
2251:ISBN
2216:PMID
2198:ISSN
2151:PMID
2143:ISSN
2091:PMID
2073:ISSN
2032:PMID
1980:PMID
1896:PMID
1878:ISSN
1837:PMID
1790:2020
1759:PMID
1730:ICTV
1705:PMID
1687:ISSN
1646:PMID
1638:ISSN
1596:PMID
1578:ISSN
1514:PMID
1465:PMID
1392:PMID
1337:2019
723:and
646:and
557:PV-1
549:PV-3
545:PV-2
541:PV-1
466:and
447:and
7695:EoL
7682:CoL
6859:V:
5597:RNA
3861:I:
3848:DNA
3693:PMC
3683:doi
3603:PMC
3593:doi
3552:doi
3479:doi
3428:PMC
3418:doi
3377:PMC
3369:doi
3328:PMC
3320:doi
3259:doi
3222:PMC
3214:doi
3019:PMC
3009:doi
2865:PMC
2857:doi
2853:154
2780:doi
2721:PMC
2713:doi
2672:doi
2668:186
2544:doi
2540:193
2497:doi
2456:PMC
2438:doi
2397:PMC
2379:doi
2296:275
2243:doi
2206:PMC
2190:doi
2133:hdl
2123:doi
2081:PMC
2063:doi
2022:PMC
2014:doi
2010:512
1970:PMC
1962:doi
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1827:PMC
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