43:
798:
exists because legitimate markets leave many customers and potential customers unsatisfied. High demand for a particular good or service (e.g. drugs, prostitution, arms, slaves), low levels of risk detection and high profits lead to a conducive environment for entrepreneurial criminal groups to
814:
sustain profits. Legal substitution of goods or services may (by increasing competition) force the dynamic of organised criminal operations to adjust, as will deterrence measures (reducing demand), and the restriction of resources (controlling the ability to supply or produce to supply).
762:
908:
Albanese, J (2000). "The Causes of
Organized Crime: Do Criminals Organize Around Opportunities for Crime or Do Criminal Opportunities Create New Offenders?".
379:
755:
112:
729:
583:
748:
967:
626:
323:
881:
Albanese (2008). "Risk
Assessment in Organized Crime Developing a Market and Product-Based Model to Determine Threat Levels".
563:
543:
117:
724:
719:
573:
374:
631:
787:
of criminals, how they interact, their perceptions or risk versus benefit, and the efficiency and efficacy of their
538:
263:
214:
127:
97:
676:
558:
462:
428:
413:
219:
137:
935:
Smith (1991). "Wickersham to
Sutherland to Katzenbach: Evolving an "official" definition for organized crime".
681:
87:
568:
403:
209:
147:
734:
496:
132:
686:
636:
533:
486:
408:
369:
343:
290:
122:
67:
62:
656:
651:
641:
593:
553:
548:
511:
455:
364:
258:
92:
701:
578:
501:
491:
295:
72:
780:
696:
671:
328:
278:
234:
142:
832:
799:
enter the market and profit by supplying those goods and services. For success, there must be:
588:
359:
229:
170:
783:
as reflective of specific environmental factors - market or economic forces, influencing the
944:
917:
890:
863:
354:
300:
795:
691:
333:
273:
268:
253:
185:
180:
102:
82:
17:
854:
Smith (1980). "Paragons, Pariahs, and
Pirates: A Spectrum-Based Theory of Enterprise".
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a certain rate of consumption (demand) to maintain profit and outweigh perceived risks.
788:
450:
77:
961:
606:
438:
348:
246:
601:
175:
921:
646:
433:
338:
285:
152:
107:
30:
867:
42:
811:
784:
666:
661:
467:
894:
305:
241:
445:
392:
34:
948:
506:
476:
810:
Under these conditions competition is discouraged, ensuring criminal
423:
57:
418:
199:
837:International Journal of Criminology and Penology
756:
8:
763:
749:
397:
26:
779:of crime understands the organization of
910:Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
883:Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
823:
475:
29:
833:"ORGANIZED CRIME AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP"
7:
25:
118:Risk & actuarial criminology
41:
1:
937:Crime, Law and Social Change
922:10.1177/1043986200016004004
984:
868:10.1177/001112878002600306
803:an identified market; and,
98:Expressive function of law
18:Enterprise theory (crime)
895:10.1177/1043986208318225
88:Differential association
148:Symbolic interactionism
968:Law enforcement theory
128:Social disorganization
856:Crime and Delinquency
637:Biosocial criminology
344:Uniform Crime Reports
63:Biosocial criminology
512:Solitary confinement
794:Under this theory,
702:Radical criminology
73:Collective efficacy
949:10.1007/BF00227546
781:criminal behaviour
777:enterprise theory
773:
772:
519:
518:
456:Prisoners' rights
360:Positivist school
16:(Redirected from
975:
953:
952:
932:
926:
925:
905:
899:
898:
878:
872:
871:
851:
845:
844:
828:
765:
758:
751:
398:
355:Crime statistics
281:
45:
27:
21:
983:
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978:
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958:
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934:
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902:
880:
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853:
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848:
830:
829:
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796:organised crime
769:
740:
739:
715:
707:
706:
632:Anthropological
622:
614:
613:
529:
521:
520:
395:
385:
384:
334:Critical theory
319:
311:
310:
291:State-corporate
279:
202:
191:
190:
186:Archibald Reiss
181:Cesare Lombroso
166:
165:Major theorists
158:
157:
133:Social learning
113:Rational choice
103:Labeling theory
83:Criminalization
53:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
981:
979:
971:
970:
960:
959:
955:
954:
927:
916:(4): 409–423.
900:
873:
862:(3): 358–386.
846:
831:Smith (1978).
822:
820:
817:
808:
807:
804:
789:modus operandi
771:
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745:
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687:Organizational
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541:
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497:Transformative
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463:Rehabilitation
460:
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451:Prisoner abuse
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414:Incapacitation
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171:Émile Durkheim
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123:Social control
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78:Crime analysis
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68:Broken windows
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54:
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50:
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38:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
980:
969:
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744:
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733:
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730:Organizations
728:
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723:
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718:
717:
711:
710:
703:
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695:
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690:
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677:Environmental
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633:
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628:
625:
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608:
605:
603:
600:
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597:
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594:Postmodernist
592:
590:
587:
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584:Neo-classical
582:
580:
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570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Environmental
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532:
531:
525:
524:
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505:
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487:Participatory
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349:Crime mapping
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296:Transnational
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264:International
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131:
129:
126:
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106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
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84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
28:
19:
940:
936:
930:
913:
909:
903:
886:
882:
876:
859:
855:
849:
840:
836:
826:
809:
793:
776:
774:
682:Experimental
404:Denunciation
370:Quantitative
280:Public-order
235:White-collar
176:Hans Eysenck
785:motivations
672:Development
647:Criminology
569:Integrative
507:Utilitarian
502:Retributive
492:Restorative
479:in penology
365:Qualitative
339:Ethnography
324:Comparative
230:Blue-collar
153:Victimology
108:Psychopathy
31:Criminology
819:References
812:monopolies
667:Demography
589:Positivist
468:Recidivism
409:Deterrence
301:Victimless
143:Subculture
692:Political
621:Subfields
544:Classical
534:Anarchist
429:abolition
329:Profiling
274:Political
269:Organized
254:Corporate
242:Cold case
198:Types of
962:Category
725:Journals
652:Critical
642:Conflict
627:American
598:Realism
564:Feminist
554:Critical
549:Conflict
446:Prisoner
393:Penology
259:Juvenile
210:Humanity
206:Against
93:Deviance
35:penology
657:Culture
579:Marxist
574:Italian
539:Chicago
528:Schools
477:Justice
318:Methods
247:Perfect
735:People
714:Browse
697:Public
439:reform
424:Prison
226:Class
215:Person
138:Strain
58:Anomie
52:Theory
943:(2).
889:(3).
720:Index
662:Cyber
607:Right
419:Trial
380:NIBRS
286:State
220:State
200:crime
843:(2).
775:The
602:Left
434:open
33:and
945:doi
918:doi
891:doi
864:doi
375:BJS
306:War
964::
941:16
939:.
914:16
912:.
887:24
885:.
860:26
858:.
839:.
835:.
791:.
951:.
947::
924:.
920::
897:.
893::
870:.
866::
841:6
764:e
757:t
750:v
351:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
