843:
38:
815:
857:
829:
2054:
378:, concentrating on the 50 major oil and gas regions responsible for 80% of methane production. The satellite launched on March 4, 2024. EDF says it will make the data public. The goal is to help reduce methane emissions by 45% by 2025. Funding for the project comes from The Audacious Project, an initiative of the worldwide
797:'s proposed tighter regulation of emissions of volatile organic compounds by oil and gas production. EDF has funded studies jointly with the petroleum industry on the environmental effects of natural gas production. The policy has been criticized by some environmentalists. EDF counsel and blogger Mark Brownstein answered:
272:
to a subcommittee of the Energy
Advisory Board that was charged with making recommendations to improve the safety and environmental performance of natural gas hydraulic fracturing from shale formations. The subcommittee issued an interim report in August and its final report in November of the same
752:
EDF has been accused of funding and disseminating studies that utilize questionable science and economics in their promotion of catch share fishery management. Also, they have employed substantial political lobbying to promote fisheries policies that tend to force out smaller fishing businesses in
749:, which sets a scientifically based limit on the total amount of fish that can be caught; that amount is then divided among individuals or groups, who can sell their shares or lease them to fishermen. EDF suggests that concern about consolidation or corporate ownership of fisheries is unwarranted.
366:
In looking back at passage of the Safe
Drinking Water Act of 1974, top EPA officials responsible for implementing the law recall that EDF published a statistical study that supported a link between organic contaminants and cancer rates in the City of New Orleans, a study that received a tremendous
801:
Demand for natural gas is not going away, and neither is hydraulic fracturing. We must be clear-eyed about this, and fight to protect public health and the environment from unacceptable impacts. We must also work hard to put policies in place that ensure that natural gas serves as an enabler of
534:
packaging, reducing solid waste in a groundbreaking corporate partnership, which came after dozens of other groups had protested McDonald's use of styrofoam packaging and the corporation was looking for a way to "save face" by claiming EDF's advocacy was the reason for the shift. The
Citizens
756:
EDF has held meetings with private investors where their West Coast vice president, David Festa, promoted the purchase of fishing rights as an investment that can yield 400% profits, and "options value" despite its claims that these rights are designed to provide financial incentives for the
757:
fishermen themselves. Multiple non-profit organizations have expressed repeated frustrations with EDF and its promotion of these management policies. Recent studies show that despite EDF's claims, catch shares do not end overfishing and typically result in no long term environmental gains.
2052:
721:, with which the organization has negotiated to reduce emissions and develop more environmentally friendly business practices. EDF's philosophy is that it is willing to talk with big business and try new approaches in order to get environmental results.
1337:
744:
EDF argues that the way we manage our fisheries needs to change if we want to protect fishermen, fish, and coastal communities. In a report suggesting economic waste in some of the world's commercial fisheries, EDF advocates an approach:
358:
about the dangers of DDT and the effects that it had on birds, published in 1962. Carson, who died in 1964, is noted as the scientist who inspired the environmental movement. The founders of EDF successfully sought a ban on DDT in
802:
renewable power generation, not an impediment to it. We fear that those who oppose all natural gas production everywhere are, in effect, making it harder for the U.S. economy to wean itself from dirty coal.
776:
EDF sees natural gas as a way to quickly replace coal, with the idea that gas in time will be replaced by renewable energy. The organization presses for stricter environmental controls on gas drilling and
2051:"MAYOR BLOOMBERG ANNOUNCES MORE THAN $ 100 MILLION IN FINANCING AND NEW RESOURCES TO HELP BUILDINGS CONVERT TO CLEAN HEATING FUELS AND IMPROVE NEW YORK CITY AIR QUALITY," NYC.gov, June 13, 2012
2682:
768:, in which former offshore oil production platforms are converted to permanent artificial reefs. The EDF sees the program as a way to preserve the existing reef habitat of the oil platforms.
2677:
2667:
2604:
741:. Many fishermen fear that the approach gives a competitive advantage to larger, non-local operations, jeopardizing independent operators, including boats, fisheries, and ports.
2211:
557:– Seven of the world's largest corporations join Environmental Defense in a partnership to address global warming, setting firm targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
2672:
911:
982:
Secretary Chu Tasks
Environmental, Industry and State Leaders to Recommend Best Practices for Safe, Responsible Development of America's Onshore Natural Gas Resources
1730:
994:
2457:
Essington, Timothy (2012). "Catch shares, fisheries, and ecological stewardship: a comparative analysis of resource responses to a rights-based policy instrument".
2089:
1093:"DDT Wars: Rescuing Our National Bird, Preventing Cancer, and Creating the Environmental Defense Fund" Charles F. Wurster, June 1, 2015 Oxford University Press
412:– The organization promotes the use of markets and incentives to help solve environmental problems. Examples of this approach at work include catch shares the
1292:
1221:
2126:"Climate shift: some environmental groups are sitting down with big business. But others say the fate of the planet is non-negotiable," by Daniels Brook,
2439:
917:
981:
733:
argues that EDF's approach to fisheries policy in the
Pacific Northwest is likely to damage smaller, local operators who have an interest in protecting
1361:
2534:
1144:
1314:"Oil and gas operations release a powerful pollutant that threatens humanity — and a new satellite will have unprecedented abilities to track it"
2601:
1183:, prepared for the Committee on Appropriations of the U.S. House of Representatives by EPA, July 1975, EPA-540/1-75-022. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
2074:
282:
called EDF "America's most economically literate green campaigners." The organization was ranked first among environmental groups in a 2007
606:
2408:
968:
753:
favor of consolidated, corporate owned fleets, while denying any adverse effects these programs have on fishing families and communities.
649:
2041:
2215:
1313:
1107:
653:
610:
2240:
1015:(final report). Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Shale Gas Production Subcommittee. November 18, 2011. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
680:– Founded and developed the Climate Corps program, which matches organizations with MBA and MPA students to uncover energy savings.
570:
693:
1243:
2312:
1910:
781:, without banning them. In November 2013, after negotiations with the oil industry, EDF representatives joined spokesmen for
1510:
1390:
2584:
2567:
1924:
Costello, Christopher; Steven D. Gaines; John Lynham (19 September 2008). "Can Catch Shares
Prevent Fisheries Collapse?".
517:
382:
group. MethaneSAT will provide data on methane emissions that can be combined with other satellite data sources including
317:
406:– EDF receives millions in funding from organizations with strong corporate ties, such as the Walton Family Foundation.
1808:
629:(US-CAP), a coalition of major corporations and environmental groups supporting action on global warming, including a
1338:"Carbon Mapper launches satellite program to pinpoint methaneand CO2 super emitters | California Air Resources Board"
1176:
2621:
2443:
1587:"S. McVay, chmn Com on Whales, Environmental Defense Fund, hails NY Times for backing efforts to conserve whales…",
226:, with offices across the US, with scientists and policy specialists working worldwide. US regional offices include
626:
192:
1192:
EPA Alumni
Association: Senior EPA officials discuss early implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974,
2517:
657:
474:– Helped convince federal regulators to phase out lead from gasoline, leading to a dramatic decline in childhood
2641:
1211:
696:, an industry-backed ballot initiative that would have blocked California's Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32).
2143:
1999:"Energy Firm Accepts $ 45 Billion Takeover; Buyers Made Environmental Pledge," by Steven Mufson and David Cho,
1690:"Business Forum: Saving the Earth's Ozone Layer; Industry Needs Incentives Not To Pollute" by Daniel J. Dudek,
1055:
360:
2144:"PCFFA Fishermen's News Column, August 2009: Crab Rationalization and the Fate of Coastal Fishing Communities"
619:– Led adoption of catch shares, a science-based method to manage fishing and control fish population decline.
1987:"The Executive: David Yarnold," Environmental Defense Fund website, posted 2008-02-02, retrieved 2012-02-07
1365:
465:
363:, Long Island, New York. Next, they succeeded in banning DDT statewide, then took their efforts nationally.
265:
255:
243:
1011:
2263:
578:
548:
2381:
1626:"HR passes Safe Drinking Water Act authorizing EPA to set minimum Fed standards for drinking water … ",
848:
507:
258:. The group has a growing international presence, with offices in London, Brussels, Mumbai and Beijing.
200:
535:
Clearinghouse on
Hazardous Waste, founded by Lois Gibbs, helped coordinate the protests of McDonald's.
2466:
2255:
2195:"Sustaining America's Fisheries and Fishing Communities: An Evaluation of Incentive-Based Management"
1933:
1766:
1075:
778:
2268:
1197:
524:. The measures reduced sulfur dioxide pollution faster than expected, and at a fraction of the cost.
329:
1575:
List of Marine Mammal
Species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), web site accessed 4/12/2007:
900:
729:
A 2009 op-ed piece by the
Pacific Coast Federation of Fisherman's Association in the trade journal
574:
309:
37:
1482:"Economic Watch: Sale of Air Pollution Permits Is Part of Bush Acid-Rain Plan," by Peter Passell,
1957:
1080:
820:
782:
417:
216:
1764:"Giving animals 'safe harbor,' op-ed by Robert Bonnie, economist at Environmental Defense Fund,
264:
has served as its president since 1984. In May 2011 Krupp was among a group of experts named by
1855:
1534:"Clean Air Act Ahead of Schedule: Market Forces Quicken Emissions Reductions," by Casey Bukro,
1145:
Wood, Field and Stream: Environmental Defense Fund Warns Pollution From Pesticides Still Exists
1949:
1729:"Packaging and Public Image: McDonald's Fills a Big Order," New York Times, November 2, 1990.
1600:"EPA and Environmental Defense Fund studies revealing carcinogenic chem in drinking water… ",
1181:
DDT, A Review of Scientific and Economic Aspects of the Decision To Ban Its Use as a Pesticide
1103:
905:
794:
461:
413:
375:
293:
289:
235:
2376:
Grimm, Dietmar (2011). "Assessing catch shares' effects evidence from Federal United States".
2141:
AND THE BIG FOOL SAID "MARCH ON" Groundfish Ratz and the Fate of Coastal Fishing Communities
2025:
1193:
1102:"DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy" Thomas Dunlap 1981 Princeton University Press
2482:
2474:
2353:
2343:
2273:
2194:
2128:
1941:
814:
633:
379:
325:
251:
76:
215:
to find environmental solutions that work. It is nonpartisan, and its work often advocates
2608:
2571:
2394:
2058:
1812:
1536:
1267:
592:
563:– Won measures resulting in cleaner vehicle exhaust from trucks, ships and other vehicles.
541:– EDF was one of seven foundation-funded environmental groups to endorse the NAFTA Treaty.
321:
313:
284:
348:
and thinning egg shells of large birds. Their research was most likely based on the book
2470:
2281:
2259:
1937:
1508:"EPA Administrator Reilly Hails Signing of New Clean Air Act" , site accessed 4/16/2007
599:-forming pollution by 65%, reduce soot by 96%, and move 57% farther on a gallon of fuel.
2551:
2502:
Essington, T. E. (2012). "Catch Shares Improve Consistency, not Health, of Fisheries".
2236:
1244:"Environmental group plans satellite to track greenhouse gas emissions - SpaceNews.com"
880:
870:
834:
765:
551:
plan that gives landowners new incentives to help endangered species on their property.
475:
196:
1881:
1576:
995:
U.S. Department of Energy Prepares to Take the Floor in the Nation's 'Fracking' Debate
2661:
2478:
895:
862:
761:
706:
667:
531:
489:
485:
355:
350:
278:
247:
227:
223:
89:
17:
1961:
1414:"A Debate: Are Enough Data in Hand to Act Against Acid Rain?", Week in Review Desk,
875:
786:
630:
340:
were rapidly disappearing. Their research uncovered a link between the spraying of
337:
2298:
2168:
2652:
1988:
1614:
1514:
367:
amount of media attention and certainly contributed to the enactment of the law.
2332:"J. F. Brewer, Paper Fish and Policy Conflict: Catch Shares and Ecosystem-Based"
2100:
1666:
1665:"EPA Takes Final Step in Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline" , site accessed 4/16/2007
1453:"Acid Rain Is Called Peril for Sea Life on Atlantic Coast," by Philip Sabecoff,
1394:
1293:"Transcript of "Let's launch a satellite to track a threatening greenhouse gas""
746:
686:– Successful campaign to clean up highly-polluting heating oil in New York City.
645:
503:
239:
2564:
2277:
1469:"The Nation: An Emergence of Political Will on Acid Rain," by Philip Sabecoff,
1164:
2425:
810:
718:
671:
383:
371:
305:
269:
261:
66:
2602:
Environmental Defense Fund scolded by other green organizations on 'fracking'
1639:"EPA Scraps Plan To Ease Standards On Lead in Gasoline," by Sandra Sugawara,
468:, establishing the first comprehensive health standards for water nationwide.
2348:
2331:
1945:
1740:
1549:"The Environment: Ignore all doomsayers on EPA laws," by Gregg Easterbrook,
1216:
885:
856:
521:
296:, has given EDF a four-out-of-four stars rating overall since June 1, 2012.
208:
189:
2535:"EDF stands with fishermen in calling for suspension of rig removal policy"
2113:"The Nation: For the Environment, Compassion Fatigue," by Keith Schneider,
1953:
1805:
1511:"EPA History - EPA Administrator Reilly Hails Signing of New Clean Air Act"
2012:"A $ 45 Billion Buyout With Many Shades of Green," by Andrew Ross Sorkin,
1716:"Report on Acid Rain Finds Good News and Bad News," by Carol Kaesuk Yoon,
1677:"The Nation: Environmentalists Try To Move the Markets," by John Holusha,
2212:"System turns US fishing rights into commodity, squeezes small fishermen"
738:
345:
2487:
1212:"SpaceX rocket launches pioneering methane-tracking satellite to orbit"
1056:"Charity Navigator - Historical Ratings for Environmental Defense Fund"
890:
734:
714:
441:
204:
2358:
1378:
1652:"EPA Orders 90% of Lead Cut From Gasoline by Jan. 1," by Zack Nauth,
1495:"Under Bush's Plan, Clean Air Becomes Profitable," by Peter Passell,
1025:
790:
705:
EDF has drawn criticism for its ties to large corporations including
641:
333:
231:
2147:
460:– An Environmental Defense Fund report on potential health risks of
2647:
520:, which incorporates market-based methods to cut air pollution and
436:– A group of scientists forms the organization and sets out to ban
1974:"A Coalition for Firm Limit on Emissions," by Felicity Barringer,
1604:, Page 32, Column 2, by Harold M. Schmeck, Jr. – November 17, 1974
710:
588:
451:
2585:"Colorado unveils proposed oil and gas air quality rules" (Video)
596:
499:
1882:"California, Taking Big Gamble, Tries to Curb Greenhouse Gases"
1792:"7 Companies Agree to Cut Gas Emissions," by Andrew C. Revkin,
139:
1823:"Dam Dispute Losses a Flood of Emotions," by John M. Glionna,
946:
437:
341:
212:
113:
Science, economic incentives, partnerships, nonpartisan police
1779:
Big firms Join to Share Greenhouse-Gas Cuts," by Peter Behr,
1630:, Page 21, Column 1, by Richard D. Lyons. – November 20, 1974
1179:" (July 1975). Environmental Protection Agency. Excerpt from
502:, chemicals that many researchers believe damage the Earth's
387:
2241:"Abdicating Responsibility: The Deceits of Fisheries Policy"
957:
391:
1440:"Consensus Is Seen To Curb Acid Rain," by Philip Sabecoff,
1032:. August 31, 1991. Via Environmental Defense Fund. edf.org.
935:
637:
429:
Key accomplishments of Environmental Defense Fund include:
1905:"Report: Guaranteed fish shares may prevent overfishing,"
1012:
Shale Gas Production Subcommittee Second Ninety Day Report
498:– Played a key role in the treaty to phase out the use of
2069:"New York City Finances Switch to Cleaner Heating Oils,"
1836:"An Effort to Undo an Old Reservoir," by Dean E. Murphy,
1751:"Deal Gives Woodpeckers Golf Habitat," by Tom Kenworthy,
2636:
1703:"The Hole at the Bottom of the World," Editorial Desk,
666:– Helped negotiate an environmental codicil as part of
506:, although CFC-22 was continued to be allowed, renamed
164:
984:". U.S. Department of Energy. Energy.gov. May 5, 2011.
203:, oceans, and human health, and advocates using sound
195:. The group is known for its work on issues including
2036:"Climate Corps interns help businesses save energy,"
969:
Hoover's Company Records – Basic and In-depth Records
464:
water based on EPA analytical studies helps pass the
288:
global study of 850 business-nonprofit partnerships.
1577:
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/esa/mammals.htm
1268:"How MethaneSAT is different from other satellites"
159:
146:
130:
117:
109:
99:
82:
72:
62:
44:
2683:Environmental organizations based in New York City
1856:"Officials Reach California Deal to Cut Emissions"
1163:"DDT Ban Takes Effect" , site accessed 4/12/2007
1131:"Environmental Defense Fund member Dr. York Times
1118:"Fostering Clean Air through Environmental Law,"
370:On April 11, 2018, the group announced plans for
2084:"Voters Reject 2-Sided Assault on Climate Law,"
1177:DDT Regulatory History: A Brief Survey (to 1975)
912:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
2678:Non-profit organizations based in New York City
2668:Environmental organizations established in 1967
1840:, October 15, 2002. "Bring Back Hetch Hetchy?"
1989:http://apps.edf.org/article.cfm?contentID=7656
1427:"An Acid Test for Acid Rain," Editorial Desk,
2371:
2369:
1667:http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/lead/02.htm
1615:“Drinking Water: A Half Century of Progress.”
27:US-based nonprofit environmental organization
8:
1613:Joseph Cotruvo, Victor Kimm, Arden Calvert.
1465:
1463:
1165:http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/ddt/01.htm
760:The Environmental Defense Fund supports the
587:– Culmination of four-year partnership with
219:-based solutions to environmental problems.
30:
2459:Seattle School of Aquatic Fisheries Science
1919:
1917:
1741:McDonald's: The first corporate partnership
1078:" (year-end obituary for Dennis Puleston).
2313:"U.S. Senate KOs bid to stop catch shares"
1159:
1157:
918:Environmental history of the United States
29:
2673:International environmental organizations
2518:"Catch Shares: A Useful Tool with Limits"
2486:
2357:
2347:
2267:
1143:Bryant, Nelson (February 3, 1970). "
1084:, December 30, 2001. Retrieved 2017-0716.
2026:EDF: Climate Corps saving cash and Earth
1591:, Page 34, Column 5 – September 1, 1970
1562:"Clean Air Sale," by Boyce Rensberger,
928:
569:– Initiated the campaign to remove the
332:, discovered in the mid-1960s that the
304:The organization's founders, including
2390:
2379:
1617:EPA Alumni Association. March 1, 2016.
374:, a satellite to help identify global
1806:EDF: Cleaning up dirty diesel exhaust
1133:, Page 11, Column 1, January 14, 1969
1041:"Trend to partnerships is positive,"
7:
2644:(In partnership with the Ad Council)
2409:"Milken Institute Global Conference"
1391:"EDF's Approach: Markets: Acid Rain"
1001:. nytimes.com. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
636:cap. Corporate participants include
607:Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
1076:Memories and More: Saving a species
971:: Hoover ID: 130102. April 10, 2007
650:Pew Center on Global Climate Change
2440:"Distorting Catch Share Criticism"
1880:Barringer, Felicity (2006-09-15).
1854:Barringer, Felicity (2006-08-31).
25:
2622:Why EDF is working on natural gas
2101:"CorpWatch: Greenwashing Walmart"
1210:Kuthunur, Sharmila (2024-03-05).
993:Kirkland, Joel (July 26, 2011). "
654:Natural Resources Defense Council
648:; non-profit groups involved are
611:Natural Resources Defense Council
2479:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00226.x
2169:"Fisheries waste costs billions"
1026:Cool it: Cleaning up the old act
855:
841:
827:
813:
222:The group's headquarters are in
36:
2611:, Washington Post, 22 May 2013.
1224:from the original on 2024-03-05
793:, to endorse Colorado governor
717:, and the Texas energy company
1312:Schwartz, Ariel (2018-04-12).
1:
2200:. Environmental Defense Fund.
1291:Krupp, Fred (13 April 2018).
605:– Co-authored the California
595:trucks. The new vehicles cut
418:Clean Air Act (United States)
2648:Environmental Defence Canada
2552:Why natural gas is important
2299:"Environmental Defense Fund"
2073:"Green" blog, June 13, 2012
692:– Built coalition to defeat
193:environmental advocacy group
625:– Co-founded United States
516:– Designed Title IV of the
440:(succeeding in 1972). (See
188:) is a United States-based
50:; 57 years ago
2699:
2637:Environmental Defense Fund
2278:10.1577/1548-8446-34.6.280
1362:"Walton Family Foundation"
1272:Environmental Defense Fund
1242:Foust, Jeff (2018-04-13).
627:Climate Action Partnership
492:food-packaging containers.
178:Environmental Defense Fund
31:Environmental Defense Fund
658:World Resources Institute
35:
2589:Denver Business Journal
2574:, accessed 4 Oct. 2013.
2554:, accessed 4 Oct. 2013.
2349:10.5751/ES-03765-160115
2038:San Francisco Chronicle
1946:10.1126/science.1159478
1379:EDF's Approach: Markets
1151:. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
466:Safe Drinking Water Act
410:Environmental economics
266:US Department of Energy
256:St. Petersburg, Florida
244:Raleigh, North Carolina
2642:Fightglobalwarming.com
2389:Cite journal requires
2330:Brewer, J. F. (2011).
1045:, July 5, 2007, p. 14.
804:
725:Fisheries conservation
591:to develop and deploy
579:Yosemite National Park
416:plan written into the
404:Corporate partnerships
2504:Lenfest Ocean Program
1825:The Los Angeles Times
1654:The Los Angeles Times
849:Earth sciences portal
799:
201:ecosystem restoration
186:Environmental Defense
18:Environmental Defense
2016:, February 26, 2007.
2003:, February 26, 2007.
1909:, Updated 9/18/2008.
1767:The Washington Times
1707:, September 19, 1987
779:hydraulic fracturing
2471:2012ConL....5..186E
2426:"A cautionary Tale"
2336:Ecology and Society
2301:. 2012. D000033473.
2260:2009Fish...34..280B
2088:, November 3, 2010
2001:The Washington Post
1978:, January 19, 2007.
1938:2008Sci...321.1678C
1932:(5896): 1678–1681.
1844:, October 19, 2002.
1783:, October 18, 2000.
1770:, October 15, 1996.
1753:The Washington Post
1694:, November 16, 1986
1641:The Washington Post
1564:The Washington Post
1499:, November 29, 1989
1473:, February 19, 1989
1431:, December 26, 1984
1418:, November 14, 1982
901:Natural environment
575:Hetch Hetchy Valley
425:Key accomplishments
184:(formerly known as
32:
2607:2013-11-09 at the
2570:2013-10-05 at the
2565:Natural gas policy
2237:Bromley, Daniel W.
2117:, November 6, 1994
2115:The New York Times
2086:The New York Times
2071:The New York Times
2057:2012-06-22 at the
2014:The New York Times
1976:The New York Times
1842:The New York Times
1838:The New York Times
1827:, August 11, 2007.
1811:2012-08-31 at the
1796:, October 18, 2000
1794:The New York Times
1718:The New York Times
1705:The New York Times
1692:The New York Times
1679:The New York Times
1628:The New York Times
1602:The New York Times
1589:The New York Times
1553:, December 1, 1996
1484:The New York Times
1471:The New York Times
1455:The New York Times
1444:, October 18, 1985
1442:The New York Times
1429:The New York Times
1416:The New York Times
1149:The New York Times
1120:The New York Times
1081:The New York Times
821:Environment portal
783:Anadarko Petroleum
90:New York, New York
2620:Mark Brownstein,
2600:Larry Bernstein,
2040:, March 16, 2011
1720:, October 7, 1999
1681:, August 22, 1993
1551:Los Angeles Times
906:Natural landscape
795:John Hickenlooper
571:O'Shaughnessy Dam
510:to avoid banning.
462:Mississippi River
450:– Efforts to ban
376:methane emissions
294:charity evaluator
292:, an independent
290:Charity Navigator
236:Boulder, Colorado
175:
174:
16:(Redirected from
2690:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2561:
2555:
2548:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2442:. Archived from
2436:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2351:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:Gloucester Times
2309:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2280:. Archived from
2271:
2245:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2214:. Archived from
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2175:. 8 October 2008
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:. Archived from
2139:
2133:
2132:, March 18, 2007
2129:The Boston Globe
2124:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1803:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1755:, March 2, 1995.
1749:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1656:, March 5, 1985
1650:
1644:
1643:, August 2, 1982
1637:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:, August 9, 1999
1560:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1540:, March 27, 1996
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1513:. Archived from
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:, April 25, 1988
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1393:. Archived from
1387:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1364:. Archived from
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1318:Business Insider
1309:
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991:
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860:
859:
851:
846:
845:
844:
837:
832:
831:
830:
823:
818:
817:
731:Fishermen's News
634:carbon emissions
561:2001, 2004, 2008
336:and other large
326:Victor Yannacone
252:Washington, D.C.
171:
168:
166:
151:
135:
122:
77:Environmentalism
58:
56:
51:
40:
33:
21:
2698:
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2687:
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2653:YouTube channel
2633:
2628:
2624:, 10 Sept. 2012
2619:
2615:
2609:Wayback Machine
2599:
2595:
2591:, 18 Nov. 2013.
2583:Cathy Proctor,
2582:
2578:
2572:Wayback Machine
2562:
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2549:
2545:
2541:, 24 Apr. 2012.
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660:, a co-founder.
593:hybrid electric
547:– Designed the
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322:Dennis Puleston
318:Charles Wurster
314:George Woodwell
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409:
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392:CarbonMapper
369:
365:
349:
303:
283:
277:
275:
260:
221:
185:
181:
177:
176:
101:Area served
2488:11336/72527
772:Natural gas
646:Duke Energy
549:Safe Harbor
530:– Improved
504:ozone layer
240:Los Angeles
142:146,000,000
119:Membership
2662:Categories
2539:EDF Oceans
2465:(3): 186.
2359:10535/7517
2222:2013-03-21
2154:2009-11-10
1521:2007-06-15
1401:2012-07-29
1347:2022-03-12
1323:2018-10-28
1298:2018-10-28
1277:2018-10-28
1253:2018-10-28
1228:2024-03-17
1198:Transcript
1061:2019-12-16
958:EDF People
924:References
707:McDonald's
532:McDonald's
486:McDonald's
372:MethaneSAT
306:Art Cooley
270:Steven Chu
268:Secretary
262:Fred Krupp
126:1,500,000+
67:Non-profit
2264:CiteSeerX
2248:Fisheries
1907:USA Today
1217:Space.com
1200:(see p4).
936:About EDF
886:Recycling
735:fisheries
701:Criticism
678:2008–2011
522:acid rain
484:– Pushed
394:program.
346:mosquitos
276:In 1991,
209:economics
190:nonprofit
105:Worldwide
2605:Archived
2568:Archived
2239:(2009).
2173:BBC News
2055:Archived
1962:24879449
1954:18801999
1809:Archived
1222:Archived
807:See also
739:by-catch
656:and the
508:H-CFC-22
454:hunting.
390:and the
344:to kill
132:Revenue
83:Location
2467:Bibcode
2256:Bibcode
2179:21 June
1934:Bibcode
1926:Science
1891:3 March
1865:3 March
1497:Newsday
891:Ecology
715:Walmart
442:DDT ban
384:Tropomi
338:raptors
300:History
205:science
160:Website
53: (
45:Founded
2266:
1960:
1952:
1106:
791:Encana
789:, and
642:DuPont
388:GHGSat
334:osprey
273:year.
232:Boston
217:market
150:(2016)
148:Staff
134:(2015)
121:(2016)
110:Method
2563:EDF,
2550:EDF,
2521:(PDF)
2412:(PDF)
2342:(1).
2285:(PDF)
2244:(PDF)
2198:(PDF)
1958:S2CID
1194:Video
711:FedEx
609:with
589:FedEx
452:whale
73:Focus
2395:help
2181:2011
1950:PMID
1893:2013
1867:2013
1104:ISBN
690:2011
684:2011
664:2007
644:and
623:2007
617:2006
603:2006
597:smog
585:2004
567:2002
555:2000
545:1995
539:1993
528:1990
514:1990
500:CFCs
496:1987
482:1986
472:1985
458:1974
448:1970
434:1967
328:and
254:and
211:and
169:.org
167:.edf
155:500+
140:US$
63:Type
55:1967
48:1967
2483:hdl
2475:doi
2354:hdl
2344:doi
2274:doi
1942:doi
1930:321
1147:".
1028:".
997:".
719:TXU
672:TXU
577:in
573:in
438:DDT
354:by
342:DDT
213:law
182:EDF
180:or
165:www
2664::
2587:,
2537:,
2481:.
2473:.
2461:.
2386::
2384:}}
2380:{{
2368:^
2352:.
2340:16
2338:.
2334:.
2315:.
2272:.
2262:.
2252:34
2250:.
2246:.
2171:.
1956:.
1948:.
1940:.
1928:.
1916:^
1884:.
1858:.
1462:^
1340:.
1316:.
1270:.
1246:.
1220:.
1214:.
1196:,
1156:^
785:,
713:,
709:,
652:,
640:,
638:GE
444:.)
386:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
250:;
246:;
242:;
238:;
234:;
230:;
207:,
199:,
2523:.
2506:.
2491:.
2485::
2477::
2469::
2463:5
2428:.
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2397:)
2393:(
2362:.
2356::
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2319:.
2276::
2258::
2225:.
2183:.
2157:.
2103:.
1964:.
1944::
1936::
1895:.
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1301:.
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581:.
478:.
420:.
57:)
20:)
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