583:, disagree. They claim that the physical effects of the barge itself, and the side-effects of its loading procedures, can be detrimental to the near shore environment. It is estimated that the velocity of the prop wash from these barges can re-suspend about 90% of the ambient bed material in the shallow waters. This effect, contrary to Glacier Northwest's attempt at mitigation, would not be avoided even if the dock and loading site were extended into deeper waters as planned because of the likely possibility of aggregate falling over the side of the barge into the sound. The effect of this spillage could then raise the ambient bed as it is collected on the ocean floor, exposing it to the dangers of the barge's prop-wash. These effects would pose a more significant effect during low tides, as outlined in the continuing section on the remaining eelgrass beds. By using barge ships as their main form of transport, Glacier Northwest is also putting South Maury Island's fragile habitat at an extremely high risk for oil spills. An oil spill would demolish the near shore habitat, which would affect the fish, birds, and sea mammals living throughout the Puget Sound.
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area is not only rich in species of birds, but also includes many other diverse habitats such as extensive eelgrass beds, kelp beds, herring spawning grounds, Chinook salmon migratory corridors, and bottom fish rearing habitats. The proposed shoreline has been surveyed by the department and was found to have 78% of its expanse covered in eelgrass beds, which provide food for marine species as well as anchoring sediments and keep sub tidal environments moist (Maury Island
Aquatic Reserve Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement). It was felt that the creation of the reserve would positively impact the aquatic vegetation through the implementation of good management policies, as well as setting standards for operations and construction in regard to marinas, over-water structures, recreational docks, and mooring buoys. An aquatic reserve would help create a healthy ecosystem that connects all of these habitats, which would create economic advantages and opportunities to enjoy these aquatic ecosystems for generations to come (Washington State Department of National Resources Webpage).
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Northwest. However, the barge traffic itself could increase pollution levels, and also increase the chances of possible collisions with endangered marine mammals who reside in or pass through the area. One of the arguments against the transportation of the rock is that the new dock that would be built for it has much potential for the destruction of vital habitat for sea life. The impact could be lessened if
Glacier Northwest replaces or mitigates any damages caused by the dock. Another worry of the Preserve Our Lands and other groups is the possible arsenic contamination of the drinking water. This could be offset by large containers that could contain the waste from the mining. However, what would happen to the arsenic after has been contained has yet to be addressed in detail. Other benefits of the mining are the large number of jobs the mine could create, and the boost to the local economy that the mine might produce. However, the mine could also negatively affect tourism and property values in the area.
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transportation are based on environmental and economic principles, including avoiding the costs and environmental effects of constructing main roads on which the aggregate would be transported. The economic viability of this strategy is clear; one barge of aggregate is equal to approximately 115 trucks (Ron
Summers, April 25), but both the use of the barge and construction of a new dock have other consequences as well (see below). Glacier Northwest is hoping to mine and remove 85 million tons of sand and gravel from the island using the barges, which could result in the loss of 8% of the island's land mass, leading to serious effects on the islands near shore habitats, water supply, and the chemical composition of the soil.
947:(EIS) detailing the proposed scale of operation, which is then reviewed by King County. Sand and gravel extraction could be as high as 7.5 million tons per year, but could also be much lower, depending on demand. Also dependent on demand is the lifetime of the mine, which could be 11 years at full production, up to 35 years before the site is closed. The clearing of ground is proposed to occur in phases of 32 acres (129,000 m²) each, with no more than two phases in process at a time. In order to reduce arsenic contamination, contaminated materials will be contained within a sealed berm, and no contaminated materials will leave the site.
600:(Glacier Northwest). The existing dock on the eastern shore is "dilapidated" (Preserve Our Islands-Eelgrass). Glacier Northwest has agreed to expand this dock to distances that reduce the risk of damaging the local habitat, yet many concerns still remain, including the potential damage to the local eelgrass habitat, a vital part of the salmon's livelihood. According to Dr. David Jay's Propeller Wash Analysis Study of 2002, expanding the dock out as Glacier Northwest has proposed will not significantly reduce this risk (Preserve Our Islands-Eelgrass). The construction of the dock could also stand to disturb the habitat.
420:, also a member of Preserve Our Islands. In a presentation given at the University of Washington for the Society and Oceans Course on April 26, 2005, Gardner expressed his support for POI and his personal philosophy on understanding both sides of the South Maury Island/Glacier Northwest mining issue and acknowledging the importance of one's personal view and the opponent's stance. While he has expressed hopes of the community purchasing the land from Glacier Northwest in order to stop the expansion, he does recognize the relevance of compromise and the reality of the situation. Gardner was joined by
665:, which is detrimental to many types of marine life, and the removal of the old dock might leave some creosote residue behind. Herring eggs, which are often placed on pilings, die if the piling they are on is coated with creosote. It is cancerous to any marine life living near it, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA declared that any creosote spills over one gallon must be reported. Part of the current mandate for construction calls for heavy sampling to ensure that no creosote is left after the new dock is in place. Glacier Northwest is currently arguing this issue in court.
562:, the aquifer supplies 71% of the drinking water for island residents, making it the primary source of drinking water on the island, and making contamination of the aquifer system a significant hazard to public health. If the supply were to be contaminated, no reasonably available alternative source of drinking water could replace the aquifer system. According to POI, it is proposed that Glacier Northwest would mine to within 15 feet of the aquifer. This could lead to possible disruptions and contamination of the aquifer flow and recharge capabilities.
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migratory birds. The second goal is to conserve the functions and native processes of the near-shore ecosystem. The third is to maintain the territory, habitats and species through education and providing opportunities for public involvement. The fourth goal is promote responsible management of recreational, commercial and cultural uses of Maury Island that relate to the previous goals. According to the management plan, a reviewed and updated version will be made every ten years for ninety years.
706:, even though South Maury Island is one of their only habitats in the Puget Sound area. However, removing these lizards from South Maury Island could be detrimental. The full effects of their absence on the island are unknown, but it is speculated that the insect populations that they feed on could rise without their natural predator, the effects of which could be anywhere from being a nuisance to destroying local flora. Also, Western Fence lizards are thought to diminish the danger of
753:, the Washington State Lands Commissioner and a Democrat, declared five controversial areas around the Puget Sound as aquatic reserves. One month later in December 2000, Belcher added Maury Island to the list of aquatic reserves (Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2000). Many saw this as an attempt to make more obstacles for Glacier Northwest in its goal of obtaining a new dock permit. Subsequently, Glacier Northwest filed a lawsuit against Jennifer Belcher protesting her
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public vote at their general meetings. Much of the work of the
Council takes place in its committees, which then forward their recommendations to the whole Council for action. Public meetings are held once a month and welcome all residents of the island over the age of 18 to discuss the upcoming events and issues surrounding this island. The council lets all residents know the issues the island is facing and allows people to take action.
473:, located just south of the southern tip of Vashon Island. When examined by area, the data indicates the most serious arsenic contamination is in South Vashon-Maury Island. At a public meeting in February 1999, following the public disclosure of elevated levels on the Lone Star Northwest Gravel Mine (now Glacier Northwest) site, the community raised new questions about the level of arsenic contamination for Vashon-Maury Island as a whole.
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elsewhere prior to removing the
Douglas-fir snags, and the alternative of not only repairing the dock that already exists, but replacing it altogether. This new dock is proposed to be built with the latest technology to reduce shade and contamination, and to extend into deeper water to avoid impacts to the most sensitive areas of the shoreline. Building a new dock would eliminate repeated repairs on the existing dock.
686:(scooping and suctioning water ways) in order to improve navigation between piers. With the threat of development comes the possibility of building bulkheads, or extensive walls in the water to aid in collecting sediment. This loss of sediment would threaten the livelihood of many fish including salmon, and the man-made walls make it impossible for salmon and other fish to navigate through the waters natural currents.
798:” due to its rare intact ecosystem and eelgrass bed habitat (Audubon Society Washington Watchlist Webpage). The beds support herring, which are an important food source for many of the bird species that breed in Quartermaster Harbor (Audubon Society Washington Watchlist Webpage). Several of the species that use the area are either federally listed as being threatened or are strong candidates for state recognition as
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489:, which would store large amounts of hazardous wastes for 50–75 years. Glacier Northwest offers no plan for managing the toxins after that time. If the permit is issued and the company is allowed to mine at the proposed rate, it is foreseeable that the corporation will have exhausted the site and moved on long before necessary measures are taken to proper dispose of the toxic waste.
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409:, has pushed measures for economic development and environmental and public safety initiatives throughout Washington, one of which concerns the conservation of Maury Island. Providing approximately $ 2 million, this bill would contribute to the goal of local organizations, such as POI, of preserving the threatened 250 acres (1 km²) that are home to the state's largest
541:. The University of Washington's Botany Department has confirmed that Madrone trees have high rates of germination and emergence, yet seedling survival is poor on most sites; approximately 90 to 100% of seedlings die within the first year. Such a low survival rate will cause the forest to become reestablished in approximately 20 years, as reported by the official
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485:, the top layer of earth on Maury Island is laden with toxins, including arsenic, which was found in concentrations nearly double those requiring industrial cleanup and 20 times those of residential standards. Glacier Northwest plans to bulldoze the top 18 inches of soil and store it in an enormous
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herring stock is currently the largest spawning population in southern Puget Sound, and the third largest in the entire Puget Sound region. The state of
Washington has already lost nearly 33% of its eelgrass population (www.preserveourisland.org). The expansion of Glacier Northwest and its proposed
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in April 2005, Glacier
Northwest senior executives claimed that the expansion of its South Maury Island mine is in the interest of the Pacific Northwest as a whole. They claimed Washington uses approximately 75 million tons of gravel and sand per year. The Seattle/Tacoma area uses 48% of all sand and
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The
Department of National Resources would partner with King County and the Department of Ecology to help the species in the marine habitat by improving water quality and minimizing soil erosion and shoreline hardening. These improvements would be countered by the actions of Glacier Northwest, which
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populations have declined by about 95% since the 1970s, from 120,000 birds to less than 5,000 in the year 2000, making
Quartermaster Harbor an important refuge for remaining birds (Holt, A1). Marbled murrelets are also on the decline, having lost nearly 96% of their population to oil spills, loss of
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detrimentally affect eelgrass, disrupting species within the habitat. Docks and their construction affect eelgrass from underwater noise which would disturb fragile species, while creating shade that would threaten eelgrass growth. Docks would also harm the eelgrass beds that harbor young salmon by
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Should the berm rupture, if disturbed by something such as an earthquake, the mass of toxic soil would flow downhill into Puget Sound, where it would devastate not only the physical environment, but also the populations living there. Fish, birds and marine mammals would be exposed to extreme levels
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whales’ diet, 2/3 of that consisting of the
Chinook salmon. These three pods, currently consisting of 84 individual whales, utilize this area for a winter feeding ground as well as for calving and nursing their young (Preserve Our Islands Web site. Maury Island strip mine could cause killer whales
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beds with the proposed expansion by Glacier Northwest. Part of the allure of the Maury Island location is the site's proximity to the Puget Sound waterway. Glacier Northwest ships gravel by truck and by barge, but shipping gravel by barge is cheaper than by truck, so the gravel mine will use a dock
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tree stand habitat, located in the area of the proposed expansion. Glacier Northwest has acknowledged that it will occupy the stand, but stresses that restoration of the habitat will be a continually occurring process. Nevertheless, the concern for irreversible damage to one of the largest Madrone
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are mined in Washington and Oregon. Actively mining the Maury Island site would provide a small number of jobs for people on the island and in surrounding areas, while its operations are estimated to continue for the next 20 to 30 years, depending on business and demand. Additionally, the aggregate
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There are some possible advantages to the mining on South Maury Island, as well as disadvantages. According to Glacier Northwest, Maury island has one of the largest reserves of gravel rock, and, because it is an island, the gravel can be easily transported on barges to other areas of the Pacific
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has been serving this island since 1933. This council is a town hall style forum for the discussion of issues relevant to the residents of the Vashon-Maury Islands. The Council is recognized by King County as an Unincorporated Area Community Council. As a town hall forum, decisions are made by a
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One of the more recent oil spills occurred on January 28, 2005. Ecology officials estimated that “hundreds of gallons” contaminated the Dalco Passage off Vashon/Maury Island. The cause of the spill is still unknown, even after the Coast Guard and Department of Ecology collected oil samples in an
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Another pressing environmental concern South Maury Island faces is oil spills. Although they are not directly related to the Glacier Northwest mining controversy, oil spills add to the sensitivity of the area as an aquatic reserve. On October 14, 2004, an oil spill occurred in the Dalco Passage at
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research scientist David Bain, this orca population is "teetering on the brink of extinction" (Ervin 2004). Bain suggested that the Glacier Northwest's proposed dock expansion, along with the frequent tug and barge traffic used to load and transport the gravel, could deter the orcas from utilizing
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from the sight and towboat propellers would erode the eelgrass especially from May toJuly, when the tide is the lowest, which is also the most important growth period for eelgrass. Although Glacier intends to replace the eelgrass somewhere else on the island, there is a great chance that it would
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These integral bird populations that are being threatened helped to prompt the Washington Department of Natural Resources to select Quartermaster Harbor and the southeastern shore of Maury Island as an aquatic reserve in 2003. One of four sites selected in the state of Washington, this particular
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In dealing with significant oil spills, the Washington State Department of Ecology works with other organizations to assess the damage done in monetary value, and, if possible, seeks compensation from the responsible party(s). The State Department of Ecology then works with other organizations,
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The reserve was designed to “conserve, preserve, restore, and/or enhance” the habitats and species that make up Maury Island (Draft Management Plan 14). Of the four main goals, the first goal is to conserve the native habitats of plants and wildlife species including forage fish, salmonids, and
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Also stated in the EIS are alternative actions that Glacier Northwest proposes to take in order for them to mine at the Maury Island site, including reduced hours of barging to control noise, mitigation of the Madrone forest, habitat retention for the pileated woodpecker by creating a habitat
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fish, such as salmon, by providing cover from predation and food, which supports the growth of healthy salmon populations. Eelgrass beds also protect developing species such as herring, which are a food source for juvenile salmon. The construction of the new dock by Glacier Northwest will
537:, could be deforested. Glacier Northwest plans to take steps to mitigate the deforestation of the area, which includes transplanting saplings after the various stages of mining has commenced; however, the success rate of Madrone trees surviving transplantation would be low, according to the
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between 2000-2020 will require an additional 22 million tons of gravel per year. They also claimed that Washington, and particularly the Seattle/Tacoma area, may benefit from an expansion of local sand and gravel mines. There is also potential for the construction of a third runway at the
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Glacier Northwest plans mainly on using barges, supported and supplemented by a new dock system - which they have yet to gain permission to construct (Preserve Our Islands, April 26) - to transport the mined aggregate off the island. The company asserts that their reasons for using barge
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to quit south sound). The Southern Resident orca (Orcinus orca) is listed by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Commission as an endangered species, and is listed as depleted under the Federal Marine Mammal Protection Act (Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife).
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Christie, Patrick. Assistant Professor, School of Marine Affairs and the Jackson School of International Studies. "Growth and Maintaining Salmon Populations in the Puget Sound: Incompatible Desires?" School of Marine Affairs 103. University of Washington. Seattle, 22 April
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forests in the United States still exists. Madrone trees protect against soil erosion with wide roots, which anchor the soil, and their leaves, which protect soil from the rain. The forest also provides nesting areas and food for numerous birds, ranging from the
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One of the major issues currently under debate between Preserve Our Islands and Glacier Northwest is the construction of a new dock over the old one. The old dock, however, was constructed using creosote to preserve the wooden pilings. Creosote is a type of
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mine, located in the southern part of the island. Glacier Northwest has operated the mine on the island since the 1940s. In 1998 it announced its proposal to expand the operation to approximately 7.5 million tons of gravel a year. In a presentation at the
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Feeder bluffs, also known as eroding shoreline bluffs, are a vital part of the shoreline habitat on Maury Island. The natural erosion of the bluffs helps control the amount of new sediment that is pushed down onto the beach, and later into the tidal and
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on the island. Mining on the island by Glacier Northwest would remove important feeder bluffs and accelerate erosion. An abnormal amount of gravel, dirt and nutrients in the water would upset the delicate balance that supports
390:, a volunteer non-profit organization claims that if Glacier Northwest continues to expand, nearly ten percent of Maury Island will be affected. They also argue that the near shore location of the gravel pit will endanger the
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the area supports; however, Glacier Northwest claimed that mining on the island and barging the gravel off the site will have fewer environmental impacts than would mining somewhere else and transporting the gravel by truck.
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this area. The noise created by loading the gravel onto the barges would be magnified by the water and, at full proposed operation, would be fairly constant. Bain, who is studying the effects of noise on the orcas for the
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rock from the Maury Island site would be distributed throughout the Pacific Northwest region to be used for building roadways and houses, creating concrete, and making other products such as roof tiles and cement blocks.
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on South Maury Island relies on rainwater to sustain it. The rainwater is absorbed by the ground and is filtered through hundreds of feet of soil to a layer of permeable rock that holds the water. According to the
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for loaded tankers, enhance oil spill contingency plans, and remedy environmental damage already caused by oil spills. (Washington State Department of Ecology Web Page: Spill Prevention, Preparedness, and Response)
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One risk associated with Glacier Northwest's plan for expansion involves amassing thousands of tons of arsenic-contaminated soil into a large, plastic container. Due to decades of downwind fallout from the
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Goverde, H.M, G. Janssen, W.J. Sydeman, W.M. Jarman. "Trace Metals in Seabirds, Steller Sea Lion, and Forage Fish and Zooplankton from Central California." Marine Pollution Bulletin Oct 1998 v36 i10 p 828
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An issue that the residents of South Maury Island face as a result of the proposed expansions of the Glacier Northwest gravel mine is a possible threat to the residents' drinking water supply. The
904:. Efforts are being made to strengthen the community, State, and Coast Guard partnership in preventing and responding to oil spills effectively. Washington is also working to improve
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Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. New Regulations Governing Eastern North Pacific Southern Resident Stock of Killer Whales Issued. WDFW Science Magazine. Olympia, WA. <
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forests, as well as its shoreline habitats. By incorporating funds from local, state, and private sources, this bill would promote responsible, cost efficient local stewardship.
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of the deadly contaminants, which bio-accumulate up the food chain. Sea birds often die after eating arsenic-tainted fish, which would prove disastrous on Maury Island as its
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Gravel mining by Glacier Northwest on Maury Island does have some advantages. Glacier Northwest is a large company with twelve sites, other than south Maury Island, from which
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around 1 AM. An estimated 1,000 gallons spilled into the waterways surrounding Vashon/Maury Island. The source of the oil was initially unknown, but tests carried out by the
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Holt, Gordy. State's Grebe Population Dives Quartermaster Harbor is One of the Tiny Species' Last Havens. Seattle Post - Intelligencer. Seattle, Wash.: Mar 29, 2001. pg. A.1
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does not have the capacity to respond to a big oil spill in the future, which would devastate the environment and have significant impacts on the surrounding community,
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that would require large quantities of sand and gravel. Many people believe that South Maury Island is one of the most sensitive places to mine due to the amount of
851:) beds, are vital to the J, K and L Orca whale pods that occupy southern Puget Sound waters between the months of October and March. Salmon account for 90% of the
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Gordon, Susan. "Eelgrass Vanishing From Sound; Preserve Our Island Group Says Maury Island Gravel Pit Expansion Would Threaten Already Disappearing Sea Plant."
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As Glacier Northwest claims that the usage of barges is not detrimental to the environment, those against the mine expansion, especially those from
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Washington Department of Natural Resources. Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement: Maury Island Aquatic Reserve. July 13, 2004. <
428:, who has strongly advocated the protection of salmon, expressing the possible negative impacts Glacier Northwest's expansion could have on the
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resources do not produce much waste material when mined, and are therefore beneficial and cost effective for the region. The sand, gravel, and
432:. In his view, putting the salmon in further danger would be a step backwards in the policies and funds currently implemented for protection.
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1379:“Biological and Ecological Characteristics.” The University of Washington Arbutus Page. 2005. 17 May 2005. <www.students.Washington.edu>
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have successfully postponed the proposed expansion, and eventually led to an agreement in 2010 where a county park would replace the mine.
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Ervin, Keith. Friday August 20, 2004.Orca habitat at risk if barging allowed, UW scientist testifies. Seattle Times. Seattle, Wa. <
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814:(Audubon Society Washington Watchlist Webpage). In addition, Quartermaster Harbor plays a large role in grebe ecology, with 8-10% of
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Washington Department of Natural Resources. Lands Commissioner Doug Sutherland recommends four aquatic reserves in Puget Sound. <
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gravel, making the South Maury Island site centrally located for supplying this demand. They estimated economic growth in the
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Washington Department of Natural Resources. Maury Island Environmental Aquatic Reserve: Draft Management Plan. July 2004. <
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not be successful because of eelgrass's sensitivity, which causes eelgrass replacement projects to have a low success rate.
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Studies over the past 30 years have shown that the soil in some areas of Vashon-Maury Island has elevated concentrations of
1567:"Soil sampling: 1999-2000 Vashon-Maury Island Soil Study." Public Health - Seattle & King County. January 13, 2005 .
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could contribute to the depletion of water quality as well as the destruction of bluffs and shorelines across the site.
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Nelson, Sharon. "Don't Expand Island's Gravel Mine." Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Seattle, Wash.: Jun 27, 2001. pg. B.4
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Bentler, Fred. Department of Natural Resources and Parks. "Water and Land Resources Division." May 9, 2005, Website: “
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The aquatic reserve on Maury Island functions as a herring nursery and is in the migratory corridor of the endangered
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Vashon-Maury Islands case study: Glacier Northwest's efforts to meet consumer demand while maintaining salmon habitat
765:, a Republican, along with a more specific purpose and protection for the submerged lands in question (Gordon 2004).
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https://web.archive.org/web/20050526173349/http://www.dnr.wa.gov/htdocs/aqr/reserves/pdf/managementplan10_29_04.pdf
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https://web.archive.org/web/20050409070809/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002010617_orcas20m.html
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Gardner, Booth. "Governor Gardner supports Preserve Our Island". Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber. 7 July 2004.
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723:. The nutrients in the soil help nurture the growth of eel grass beds that contribute to sustaining a healthy
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Many of these concerns are centered on the proposed expansion of the a gravel site owned by Glacier Northwest.
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1000:"Murray Secures Economic Development, Environmental and Public Safety Funding for Washington in Omnibus"
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and Washington Department of Ecology determined that the source was the Polar Texas oil tanker owned by
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386:, creating a need for it to continuously extract aggregate so that it can remain the largest supplier.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20041215095839/http://www.dnr.wa.gov/htdocs/amp/sepa/aqr/mauryseis/seis.pdf
1072:"Findings from Soil Sampling of Vashon-Maury Island and the Southern Mainland Coastline of King County"
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in the sediments that nourish large amounts of invertebrates. Eelgrass meadows cushion the impact of
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Summers, Ron. "Grousing About Gravel Site Gratuitous." Seattle Post-Intelligencer. August 17, 2004.
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Glacier Northwest's proposed mining expansion has stirred response in the government. U.S. Senator
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https://web.archive.org/web/20051103051926/http://meso.spawar.navy.mil/Newsltr/Fy03/No_3/orca.html
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20001207004100/http://www.metrokc.gov/health/hazard/soilsamples.htm
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The well-being of the near-shore area around South Maury Island is another concern. Eelgrass (
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https://web.archive.org/web/20050406040321/http://www.dnr.wa.gov/htdocs/adm/comm/nr03_117.htm
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effort to identify the source (People for Puget Sound article on Jan. 2005 oil spill).
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Holt, Gordy (February 15, 1999). "Arsenic in Maury Island gravel pit raises alarm".
1531:"People for Puget Sound article on the January 2005 oil spill in the Dalco Passage"
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McDonald, Elvin, ed. Trees. New York: Pantheon Books, Knopf Publishing Group, 1996.
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People for Puget Sound article on the January 2005 oil spill in the Dalco Passage
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because when the ticks feed on the lizards, the Lyme disease bacteria is killed.
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
1172:"Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Maury Island Aquatic Reserve"
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According to Glacier Northwest's website, the island is the largest supplier of
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using the money to mitigate the oil spill, to restore and protect priority
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1591:"Vashon-Maury Island Community Council.Community Council Official Website"
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Possible advantages and disadvantages of the Glacier Northwest Gravel Pit
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In order to mine for gravel, Glacier Northwest is required to provide an
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decision to establish the aquatic reserves (Gordon 2001). Despite the
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expansion. (Preserve Our Islands). The lizards themselves are far from
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1599:"Washington State Department of Ecology Web page: Dalco Passage Spill"
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1639:"Washington State Spill Prevention, Response, and Preparedness Page"
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Among the key figures in the conflict is former Washington Governor
1710:
Washington State Department of National Resources: Aquatic Reserves
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would destroy even more of the crucial eelgrass populations. The
818:’s total grebe population using it as winter habitat (Holt, A1).
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635:
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not only provides food for juvenile salmon but is also provides
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1523:"Pacific Madrone.Department of Ecology: Puget Sound Shorelines"
1472:"Marine Nearshore.Near Shore Technical Committee, January 2001"
1399:"Concerns About Arsenic.Preserve Our Islands Official website"
1341:"Audubon Society. Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)"
226:
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Vashon-Maury Island faces many environmental issues, but the
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Washington Spill Prevention, Response, and Preparedness Page
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habitats (Washington State Spill Prevention/Response page).
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Though recent spills have been minor, there is concern that
1457:"Habitat Destruction.Preserve Our Islands Official Website"
74:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Maury Island Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
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610:. This protection helps preserve the highly productive
978:"How Maury Island's mining opponents finally prevailed"
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Another concern in the debate is the disruption of the
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827:(Holt, A1; Audubon Society Marbled Murrelet Webpage).
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Exposure to arsenic can cause health effects, such as
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
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populations, degrading critical marine and shoreline
1442:. Seattle, Washington: November 25, 2004. pg B2.
1435:. Seattle, Washington: December 5, 2001. pg. B2.
1353:"Audubon Society. Washington's WatchList Birds)"
1700:Washington State Department of Ecology Web Page
1270:"Lizard Found to Hold Barrier to Lyme Disease"
343:is Glacier Northwest's proposal to expand its
1685:Department of Ecology: Puget Sound Shorelines
1136:United States Environmental Protection Agency
304:, which include concerns regarding declining
8:
1560:People for Puget Sound Official Website <
1241:"Puget Sound Shorelines: Species - Eelgrass"
1031:Ron, Summers; Pete Stoltz (April 25, 2005).
566:Mining expansion via barges on Maury Island
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1730:Environmental issues in Washington (state)
847:. These fish, dependent on the eelgrass (
591:One of the most prevalent issues on South
499:Washington Department of Natural Resources
782:Quartermaster Harbor, which lies between
698:is a lesser known creature threatened by
501:as “an important area for marine birds.”
280:Learn how and when to remove this message
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
1490:"Maury Island Aquatic Reserve Draft EIS"
1431:Gordon, Susan. "Northwest Aggregates".
1369:*"Belcher Specifies Aquatic Reserves."
677:) is a habitat that protects developing
257:of all important aspects of the article.
1543:"Port of Seattle Homepage.Third Runway"
1324:"Feds make dramatic move to save orcas"
968:
1705:Seattle Audubon Society Bird Watchlist
1092:. Preserve Our Islands. Archived from
926:Vashon- Maury Island Community Council
839:Southern resident orca whale community
394:habitat, which is vital for salmon to
253:Please consider expanding the lead to
932:Vashon-Maury Island Community Council
7:
1196:"US Environmental Protection Agency"
1150:"Threat to Water Supply and Quality"
575:Environmental effects of barge usage
465:, probably due to decades of copper
360:Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
1035:(Speech). University of Washington.
14:
1384:Reptiles of Washington and Oregon
866:National Marine Fisheries Service
31:This article has multiple issues.
802:. Included on this list are the
302:Puget Sound environmental issues
231:
176:
140:. Please discuss further on the
119:
61:
20:
1680:Department of Natural Resources
1581:. March 3, 2005. Archived from
1373:Seattle, WA: November 21, 2000.
1049:. Glaciernw.com. Archived from
1014:"Governor Gardner Supports POI"
663:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
245:may be too short to adequately
39:or discuss these issues on the
1515:. Cambridge: Westview P, 2003.
1217:"BAS Chapter 7: AQUATIC AREAS"
945:Environmental Impact Statement
543:environmental impact statement
255:provide an accessible overview
1:
1492:. 23 May 2005. Archived from
976:Chasan, Daniel (2010-12-30).
872:of this resident population.
669:Salmon and the nearshore area
506:gastrointestinal disturbances
331:Gravel mining on Maury Island
199:and help improve the section.
1243:. Ecy.wa.gov. Archived from
769:Goals of the aquatic reserve
1371:Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
790:, has been declared by the
778:Threatened bird populations
497:has been identified by the
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1117:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
512:Madrone tree stand habitat
1670:Maury Island Mine Project
1562:http://www.pugetsound.org
696:northwestern fence lizard
690:Northwestern fence lizard
523:chestnut-backed chickadee
405:, a senior member of the
1047:"The CalPortland Family"
861:University of Washington
407:Appropriations Committee
350:University of Washington
1388:Seattle Audubon Society
939:Glacier Northwest's EIS
587:Remaining eelgrass beds
1675:People For Puget Sound
1090:"Preserve Our Islands"
749:On November 21, 2000,
595:is the destruction of
300:are linked to broader
83:by rewriting it in an
1511:Montgomery, David R.
1198:. Epa.gov. 2011-03-07
1184:on December 15, 2004.
1132:"Vashon-Maury Island"
449:Arsenic contamination
138:neutral point of view
1660:Preserve Our Islands
1585:on December 2, 2001.
1449:. September 3, 2002.
1421:"Glacier Northwest)"
1229:on November 3, 2005.
1154:Preserve Our Islands
1078:on December 7, 2000.
736:and eel grass beds.
640:Quartermaster Harbor
495:Quartermaster Harbor
481:copper smelter near
388:Preserve Our Islands
294:environmental issues
1326:. 16 November 2005.
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796:Important Bird Area
581:Preserve Our Island
422:King County Council
337:environmental issue
1268:(April 19, 1998).
812:Brandt's cormorant
800:threatened species
471:Ruston, Washington
430:threatened species
355:Puget Sound region
318:threatened species
85:encyclopedic style
72:is written like a
1665:Glacier Northwest
535:Arbutus menziesii
384:Pacific Northwest
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1447:The News Tribune
1440:The News Tribune
1433:The News Tribune
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1423:. Archived from
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1401:. Archived from
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1355:. Archived from
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1300:. Archived from
1298:thescubastop.com
1294:"North West USA"
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1266:Sandra Blakeslee
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804:marbled murrelet
751:Jennifer Belcher
721:intertidal zones
656:Creosote residue
608:sediment control
539:Holden Arboretum
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1496:on 17 July 2011
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1438:Gordon, Susan.
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1607:. Retrieved
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1513:King of Fish
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341:Maury Island
335:The primary
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263:January 2021
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242:lead section
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33:Please help
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1735:Puget Sound
906:Tug Escorts
883:Coast Guard
808:common loon
734:forage fish
310:forage fish
1724:Categories
1609:2005-05-22
1553:2005-05-24
1279:2013-01-25
1251:2013-01-25
1202:2013-01-25
1100:2013-01-25
1057:2013-01-25
964:References
894:Washington
876:Oil spills
870:extinction
816:Washington
759:litigation
755:unilateral
704:endangered
679:anadromous
527:bald eagle
437:aggregates
373:litigation
369:Grassroots
189:" section
36:improve it
902:fisheries
825:gill nets
725:ecosystem
380:aggregate
247:summarize
150:July 2010
142:talk page
93:July 2010
42:talk page
1308:14 March
919:wildlife
898:wildlife
729:food web
684:dredging
649:spillage
620:currents
612:bacteria
604:Eelgrass
597:eelgrass
467:smelting
392:eelgrass
364:wildlife
314:habitats
1390:, 1995.
1363:May 24,
794:as an “
745:History
632:herring
624:erosion
555:aquifer
525:to the
518:Madrone
463:cadmium
455:arsenic
424:member
411:Madrona
382:in the
79:Please
1500:27 May
984:2 July
900:, and
810:, and
700:mining
638:. The
634:, and
483:Tacoma
479:ASARCO
461:, and
442:quarry
345:gravel
316:, and
306:salmon
185:This "
1482:(PDF)
1475:(PDF)
1394:2005.
1227:(PDF)
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1175:(PDF)
616:waves
533:, or
396:spawn
1649:>
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1502:2005
1413:>
1365:2005
1310:2022
986:2024
853:orca
786:and
727:and
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636:crab
628:chum
618:and
487:berm
459:lead
322:Orca
308:and
292:The
560:EPA
339:on
296:on
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