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are well known practitioners of the genre, although Segal and Hanson's work is figural. Many figurative works of George Segal, for example, do qualify as environmental, in that—instead of being displayed on a pedestal as presentations to be gazed upon—they occupy and perturb the setting in which they
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and others who, from the early 1970s on, won and executed large outdoor public art commissions with new formal, kinesthetic and social underpinnings. Many of these artists were also ecologically conscious and created works that could offer a further definition of "environmental sculpture": art that
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a particular set of surroundings. Thus, contemporary sculptor Beth
Galston writes: "An environmental sculptor plans a piece from the very beginning in relationship to its surroundings. The site is a catalyst, becoming part of the creative process." This is quite different from a Nevelson sculpture,
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is sculpture that creates or alters the environment for the viewer, as opposed to presenting itself figurally or monumentally before the viewer. A frequent trait of larger environmental sculptures is that one can actually enter or pass through the sculpture and be partially or completely surrounded
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in downtown
Philadelphia (between 18th St. and 19th St. two blocks north of Vine St.), created as a landscape art environment after her winning a competition in 1980 (where Segal was actually one of the finalists). It was the first park designed entirely by an artist "sculpting the land" with
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as many conventional, figurative, marble monuments were created for specific sites. Galston stresses that environmental sculpture entails the idea that the piece also functions to alter or permeate the existing environment or even to create a new environment in which the viewer is invited to
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Julia M. Bush emphasizes the nonfigurative aspect of such works: "Environmental sculpture is never made to work at exactly human scale, but is sufficiently larger or smaller than scale to avoid confusion with the human image in the eyes of the viewer." Ukrainian-born
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competitions, and many of the artists were women trying to succeed outside the established art-gallery world. Younger art historians will have to sort out the development of this marginalized "movement" and the importance of artists such as
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A reason for blurred definitions is that much of site-specific and environmental art was created from 1970 on for public spaces all over the United States, sponsored by federal (GSA and NEA) or state and city
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makes interventions on ruins, so-called "Reformations and Side
Effects"; he refers to the conditions of industrial and residential buildings by white painted lines or black painted color fields.
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participate: "The finished sculpture and site become one integrated unit, working together to create a unified mood or atmosphere," she writes. Many of the large, site-specific,
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by it. Also, in the same spirit, it may be designed to generate shadows or reflections, or to color the light in the surrounding area.
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structures, deconstructing and re-arranging the elements of surrounding architecture or including the site into the sculpture with
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are placed. A well known instance of this is the pair of Segal figures that sit on and stand next to one of the public benches in
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which can usually be moved from place to place, like a conventional sculpture, without losing its meaning and effectiveness.
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In 1999 the artist Elena
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is a pioneer of environmental sculpture in this sense. Busch (p. 27) also places the sculptures of
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A second sense of the term "environmental sculpture", with a somewhat different emphasis, is sculpture
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also qualify as environmental sculpture, in both senses described here. Much of what is called "
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Environmental sculpture as defined by working contemporary sculptor Beth
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is environmentally friendly and cares for the natural environment.
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planted terraces, rock clusters and paths (completed in 1992).
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1993 landmark environmental artwork by artist Fran
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Environmental sculpture by the sculptor Lucien den Arend
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Britannica online definition of environmental sculpture
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Nature, the end of art : environmental landscapes
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Jacek
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157:'s Sheridan Square; anyone can sit amongst them.
676:New York Times, Louise Nevelson obituary (1988)
503:Art in Berlin by german artist Eberhard Bosslet
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692:Australian town gateway sculpture - case study
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662:including short summary by Laurie Wilson
279:from atop Rozel Point, in mid-April 2005
29:This article includes a list of general
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262:Site-specific art and environmental art
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1315:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
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35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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363:Land Arts of the American West
164:'s 2-acre (8,100 m) park
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497:Gisborne, Mark (2012-10-30).
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708:Zoe - A Living Sea Sculpture
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1257:Great Sphinx of Giza
246:Sculptures Bachelard
1446:Christ the Redeemer
1438:Shrine of Democracy
1392:, Statue of Liberty
1016:Styles of sculpture
471:"Environmental Art"
417:Tørskind Gravel Pit
1555:Types of sculpture
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1422:Jules Verne's tomb
1321:Buddhas of Bamiyan
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1263:Abu Simbel temples
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98:
78:
77:
62:
53:
34:
1449:(1927–1931)
1441:(1927–1941)
1415:The Thinker
1402:(1890–1917)
1357:(1501–1504)
1349:(1498–1499)
1053:Renaissance
833:Printmaking
828:Photography
808:Digital art
745:Visual arts
356:(Earth art)
318:Alice Adams
194:created for
166:Connections
124:David Smith
56:August 2010
48:introducing
1545:Modern art
1524:Categories
1216:Fiberglass
1145:Terracotta
992:Pedimental
987:Monumental
937:Bas relief
932:Assemblage
858:Street art
838:Public art
813:Filmmaking
533:2024-07-20
508:2024-07-20
441:Britannica
428:References
283:The term "
207:minimalist
182:Lumen Poem
120:Tony Smith
116:Jane Frank
31:references
1335:(1250 CE)
1275:(438 BCE)
1273:Parthenon
1271:from the
1226:Aluminium
1196:Jesmonite
1170:Soapstone
1110:Limestone
1028:Classical
957:Earth art
913:Sculpture
848:Sculpture
818:Light art
422:Zoe Coral
219:earth art
110:sculptor
1504:Category
1317:(175 CE)
1206:Concrete
1120:Porphyry
967:Figurine
843:Rock art
823:Painting
771:Ceramics
615:16327465
611:, 1971)
609:Honolulu
571:, 1974)
557:Archived
443:Online:
406:Projects
354:Land art
333:See also
231:land art
215:land art
108:American
1509:Outline
1211:Plastic
1201:Acrylic
1125:Diorite
1115:Granite
1023:Baroque
803:Drawing
766:Cartoon
545:Sources
242:trellis
146:Christo
44:improve
1487:(2018)
1479:(2008)
1473:(1981)
1465:(1971)
1457:(1967)
1432:(1920)
1424:(1907)
1418:(1904)
1410:(1897)
1394:(1886)
1385:(1880)
1377:(1843)
1371:(1776)
1365:(1753)
1231:Fabric
1165:Butter
1160:Silver
1150:Bronze
1105:Marble
1084:Volume
1048:Relief
1002:Statue
982:Mobile
947:Effigy
798:Design
636:
628:
595:
575:
569:London
338:Topics
217:" or "
188:, 1985
148:, and
101:, 1983
33:, but
1354:David
1346:PietĂ
1236:Paper
1221:Glass
1186:Steel
1135:Ivory
1079:Space
1007:Stele
781:Craft
184:, by
1339:Moai
1155:Gold
1140:Clay
1130:Jade
1100:Wood
1069:Mass
942:Bust
634:ISBN
626:ISBN
613:OCLC
593:ISBN
573:ISBN
291:".
225:and
122:and
1191:Ice
761:Art
275:by
1526::
632:;
567::
525:.
501:.
462:^
324:,
320:,
312:,
308:,
248:.
233:.
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
905:e
898:t
891:v
737:e
730:t
723:v
607:(
587:(
536:.
511:.
473:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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