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whereas it would not be seen as such in an area near the ocean or a great river. Gourmet tended, and still does in many parts of the world, to be revered by a person with access to wealth because gourmet food has always been expensive. The expense was the result of a scarcity of ingredients for a particular food in the region at the time. This fact meant they needed to be brought in from far away, which brought a variety of risks to the merchants. Merchants would have to deal with weather conditions, thieves, and broken equipment, intermediaries, and other such factors that could delay or interrupt the shipment of the good at the cost of their lives and fortune. Thus they asked for higher prices. For millennia, about 10% of the population could eat food that may have been considered gourmet in their time. Potentially 80% of the global population worked in food production and would have eaten more typical meals to survive. The typical meal would be what they could most easily get their hands on. In
Britain, for instance, that was gruels, vegetables, small amounts of wild game, and grains.
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must be Kosher (for Jews) Jhatka (for Hindu) and Halal (for
Muslims). One well-known example is that neither Jews nor Muslims can eat pork because they consider pigs to be unclean. Another example is that many people of India generally do not consume beef because many devout Hindus believe the cow is a sacred animal. Buddhism's encouragement of adopting vegetarianism also limits what devout Buddhists can eat. These practices and beliefs encourage what is not eaten in society but also what can be eaten. For instance, the Buddhists have a history of preparing and eating tofu to satisfy their dietary requirements for protein. There is also the role of the state when it comes to these issues sometimes dictating how meals should be prepared. An example of this would be that of edicts of Ashoka who declared that many animals shall be given decent treatment and limited the numbers that could be consumed. Ashoka was a very devout Buddhist and that affected his policies.
108:, which is characterized by their high level of refined and elaborate food preparation techniques and displays of balanced meals that have an aesthetically pleasing presentation of several contrasting, often quite rich courses. Historically the ingredients used in the meal tended to be rare for the region, which could also be impacted by the local state and religious customs. The term and the related characteristics are typically used to describe people with more discerning palates and enthusiasm. Gourmet food is more frequently provided with small servings and in more upscale and posh fine dining establishments that cater to a more affluent and exclusive client base. When it comes to cooking gourmet dishes, there are also frequent cross-cultural interactions that introduce new, exotic, and expensive ingredients, materials, and traditions with more refined, complex, formal, and sophisticated high-level cooking and food preparation techniques.
305:, meal or ingredient of high quality, of special presentation, or high sophistication. In the United States, a 1980s gourmet food movement evolved from a long-term division between elitist (or "gourmet") tastes and a populist aversion to fancy foods. Gourmet is an industry classification for high-quality premium foods in the United States. In the 2000s, there has been an accelerating increase in the American gourmet market, due in part to rising income, globalization of taste, and health and nutrition concerns. Individual food and beverage categories, such as coffee, are often divided between a standard and a "gourmet" sub-market.
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new world introduced to
Europeans tomatoes, potatoes, chocolate, and much more. Another example would be interactions with the Islamic world, which impacted Catholic cuisine in the 1100s. These interactions introduced many spices, the theory of the culinary cosmos, and cooking items such as North African pottery. These trades were facilitated by rich merchant states that traded with them, the most notable being Venice.
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Another factor would be religious/cultural beliefs and customs, which have a significant impact on the food that was eaten. For instance, Jewish and
Islamic cultures have rules for not only what they can eat, but how to prepare the food and what it can be paired with. To eat specific food items they
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This trading from non-local regions, also means, almost by necessity, that there was much cultural exchange between different groups to get these goods. The
Columbian Exchange introduced many ingredients and styles to the new world and Europe starting with the expansion of the Iberian Empires. The
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What is considered gourmet is different depending on the time and geographic region. What is gourmet historically depended upon what ingredients the people of that region had access to and how easily they acquire them. For instance, seafood could be considered a luxury in an area that lacks fish,
134:
was formerly the reputable name for a connoisseur of delicious things that were not eaten primarily for nourishment: "A good gourmet", wrote the conservative eighteenth-century
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and features. Gourmet tourism is a niche industry catering to people who travel to food or wine tastings, restaurants, or food and wine production regions for leisure.
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448:(Belknap Press, Harvard University) 1989:289-92, "Gluttons and Epicures", traces the significance of these French terms in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
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Cotgrave's French-English dictionary of 1611, quoted by Jean-Louis
Flandrin, whose chapter "Distinction Through Taste", in
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Diego Puga, Daniel
Trefler; International Trade and Institutional Change: Medieval Venice’s Response to Globalization,
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can refer to a person with refined or discriminating taste who is knowledgeable in the craft and art of food and
632:"Pork (لَحم الخنزير) From the Quranic Arabic Corpus – Ontology of Quranic Concepts". Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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457:"I love a ragout, and I am a connoisseur, but if it isn't good-looking, it seems bad to me." (
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is similar to a gourmet, but the word may sometimes carry overtones of excessive refinement.
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declared, "mais s'il n'a pas bonne mine, il me semble mauvais". In the eighteenth century,
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Ley, Willy (December 1965). "The
Healthfull Aromatick Herbe". For Your Information.
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489:. The Travel Psychologist Travel Tales Series. Michael Brein Incorporated. p. 207.
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104:) is a cultural idea associated with the culinary arts of fine food and drink, or
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carries additional connotations of one who enjoys food in great quantities.
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Chakravarti, Monmohan (1906). "Animals in the inscriptions of
Piyadasi".
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820:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 288.
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with a particularly high caliber of cooking talent and culinary skill.
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Cultural ideal associated with the culinary arts of fine food and drink
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144:", or a refined palate. The pleasure is also visual: "J'aime un
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728:"The U.S. Market for Gourmet and Specialty Foods and Beverages"
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Heyne, Paul; Boettke, Peter J.; Prychitko, David L. (2014).
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The United States of
Arugula:How We Became a Gourmet Nation
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Pearson, K. (1997). Nutrition and the Early-Medieval Diet.
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779:. Travel Industry Association of America. Archived from
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Buddhism & Vegetarianism Archived 2013-10-21 at the
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A History of Private Life: Passions of the Renaissance
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cater to people who consider themselves gourmets and
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Niche Tourism: Contemporary Issues, Trends and Cases
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549:, Volume 129, Issue 2, 1 May 2014, Pages 753–821,
511:(13th ed.). London: Pearson. pp. 5–8.
348:is often used by the media as a conversational
741:Vicki Mabrey; Deborah Apton (March 31, 2008).
840:
8:
580:Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History
531:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
321:. Television programs (such as those on the
140:, employing this original sense, "must have
487:Travel Tales of Michael Brein: My Best 100:
847:
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645:, Penguin Books Limited, pp. 80, 101–108,
473:"In Arizona back country, a gourmet life"
679:Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
437:
190:offered a moralising tone in its entry
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3034:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
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471:Charles McGrath (January 26, 2007).
301:may describe a class of restaurant,
218:to task, reminding its readers that
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331:magazine often serve gourmets with
775:Christy Harrison (March 7, 2007).
547:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
25:
730:. Packaged Facts. September 2005.
582:. University of California Press.
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475:. International Herald Tribune.
3024:Historical Indian subcontinent
485:Brein, M.; Keller, T. (2013).
174:Monsieur Grimod de la Reynière
1:
509:The Economic Way of Thinking
376:The Official Foodie Handbook
374:and Ann Barr, co-authors of
360:was coined synchronously by
202:with the decadent luxury of
172:was rendered respectable by
130:employed by a wine dealer.
3400:Food and drink appreciation
3208:List of historical cuisines
3044:History of alcoholic drinks
1061:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
777:"Tour Buses on the Horizon"
716:. Doubleday Broadway. 2006.
325:) and publications such as
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2495:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
641:Krishna, Nanditha (2014),
124:term for a wine broker or
29:
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3114:Scottish royal household
3059:History of vegetarianism
1297:Central African Republic
764:. Butterworth-Heinemann.
180:, essentially the first
32:Gourmet (disambiguation)
817:Encyclopædia Britannica
760:Marina Novelli (2004).
643:Sacred Animals of India
313:Certain events such as
212:Dictionnaire de Trévoux
137:Dictionnaire de Trévoux
3039:History of agriculture
701:Galaxy Science Fiction
264:is used to refer to a
178:Almanach des Gourmands
148:, et je suis friand",
3009:Early modern European
2737:Indigenous Australian
2296:São Tomé and Príncipe
1183:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
3172:Molecular gastronomy
3104:Pre-contact Hawaiian
3014:Historical Argentine
2900:Mangalorean Catholic
1081:Pacific Northwestern
422:– a restaurant guide
411:– a restaurant guide
272:Regional differences
30:For other uses, see
3029:Historical Japanese
2864:Transylvanian Saxon
2732:Indigenous American
578:Laudan, R. (2013).
3405:Gastronomy by type
3109:Korean royal court
3054:History of seafood
3019:Historical Chinese
2994:Antebellum America
2834:Pennsylvania Dutch
1446:Equatorial Guinean
1416:Dominican Republic
798:Luxury food brands
555:10.1093/qje/qju006
459:Histoire de ma vie
3382:
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3124:Thirteen Colonies
2984:Ancient Israelite
2184:Papua New Guinean
982:Intercontinental
783:on June 30, 2007.
651:978-81-8475-182-6
518:978-0-13-299129-2
495:978-1-886590-27-4
285:Cultural exchange
224:Seven Deadly Sins
18:Epicure (gourmet)
16:(Redirected from
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3203:List of cuisines
3049:History of bread
2974:Ancient Egyptian
2951:Ritual slaughter
2809:Louisiana Creole
2747:Italian American
2566:African American
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309:Gourmet pursuits
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230:Associated terms
182:restaurant guide
150:Giacomo Casanova
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2007:Liechtensteiner
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2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:Sierra Leonean
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1503:French Guianan
1500:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Northern Irish
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:Middle Eastern
998:
993:
991:Latin American
988:
980:
975:
974:
973:
968:
963:
958:
948:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
916:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
889:
888:
887:
882:
877:
866:
864:
860:
859:
854:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
823:
822:
808:, ed. (1911).
806:Chisholm, Hugh
801:
800:
793:
792:External links
790:
787:
786:
767:
752:
733:
719:
705:
687:
685:(17): 361–374.
667:
654:
634:
622:
607:
584:
558:
538:
517:
499:
478:
463:
450:
436:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
423:
420:Michelin Guide
417:
412:
406:
400:
399:
383:
380:
340:
337:
310:
307:
295:
292:
286:
283:
273:
270:
231:
228:
200:Roman Republic
168:has retained.
142:le goût friand
113:
112:Origin of term
110:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3417:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Culinary arts
3393:
3392:
3390:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Culinary arts
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Ancient Roman
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Ancient Greek
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Goan Catholic
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Crimean Tatar
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:South African
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Saudi Arabian
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Luxembourgish
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Uttar Pradesh
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Maharashtrian
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Chhattisgarhi
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:East Timorese
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Midwestern US
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1002:
999:
997:
996:Mediterranean
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
867:
865:
861:
857:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
827:
819:
818:
812:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
782:
778:
771:
768:
763:
756:
753:
748:
744:
737:
734:
729:
723:
720:
715:
709:
706:
702:
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
658:
655:
652:
648:
644:
638:
635:
629:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
605:
601:
597:
594:
588:
585:
581:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
559:
556:
552:
548:
542:
539:
534:
528:
520:
514:
510:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
482:
479:
474:
467:
464:
460:
454:
451:
447:
441:
438:
431:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
391:
386:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
315:wine tastings
308:
306:
304:
300:
293:
291:
284:
282:
278:
271:
269:
267:
263:
258:
256:
251:
249:
248:
243:
241:
237:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:, which only
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
111:
109:
107:
106:haute cuisine
101:
77:
69:
45:
39:
33:
19:
3177:Note by Note
3155:New American
2844:Pontic Greek
2725:South Indian
2720:North Indian
2391:Extremaduran
2281:Saint Lucian
1955:South Korean
1950:North Korean
1814:Palembangese
1742:Uttarakhandi
1228:Saint Helena
1218:Gibraltarian
1086:Puerto Rican
815:
781:the original
770:
761:
755:
746:
736:
722:
713:
708:
703:. pp. 88–98.
700:
682:
678:
657:
642:
637:
595:
592:
587:
579:
546:
541:
508:
502:
486:
481:
466:
458:
453:
445:
440:
404:Delicatessen
375:
365:
357:
353:
343:
342:
333:food columns
326:
323:Food Network
312:
298:
297:
288:
279:
275:
262:gourmet chef
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2074:Mauritanian
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1143:Bangladeshi
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863:Continental
618:Deuteronomy
598:(1), 1-32.
396:Food portal
362:Gael Greene
220:gourmandise
192:Gourmandise
3389:Categories
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2966:Historical
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