Round Church, Preslav - Knowledge (XXG)

619: 990: 895: 42: 791: 593:, opened in 1944, was built as a reconstruction of the Round Church in Preslav. The Round Church underwent partial restoration in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In December 2009, plans were announced to reconstruct the church in its entirety, without demolishing or altering any of the original structural remains. A monument dedicated to Tsar Simeon was unveiled in the immediate vicinity of the Round Church on 27 May 2007 to honour the 1080th anniversary of his death. Despite not being an active church, it is regularly used for baptisms and weddings. 520:

ruins. This problem aside, if "golden" is to be taken literally, the source is also unclear as to whether the church is the new one among the city's golden churches, or the single golden one among the new churches in Preslav. Scholar Stancho Vaklinov considers the identification of the Round Church as the "new golden church" from literature "incontestable", while art historian Nikola Mavrodinov is of the opinion that it is probable. On the other hand, historian A. P. Vlasto believes this identification to be "not absolutely certain".

134: 1053:, a liturgical text including the first thirteen letters of that alphabet; some of the Cyrillic texts were written on ceramic tiles. The names and descriptions attached to the icons are in Greek, while there are also bilingual inscriptions in Greek and Bulgarian. Individual letters inscribed on the walls illustrate the way Greek and simplified Glagolitic letterforms were combined to form the early Cyrillic alphabet. On the walls of the church are graffiti of 2961: 3052: 479:. Intended more as a royal residence and a showcase of cultural power than a fortress, the city boasted impressive architecture, including a large number of characteristic palaces and dozens of churches. Among them the Round Church, regarded as "one of the most impressive monuments of medieval Bulgarian architecture" and an "expression of the highest achievements of Old Bulgarian culture", stood out. 559:(r. 927–969). The absence of entrances on these buildings on the sides facing the church and the presence of a large atrium make it unlikely. Another argument against the Round Church being a monastery church is its location, isolated from other buildings yet accessible to the public outside the inner city. Scholar Bistra Nikolova considers it a city cathedral and compares it in function to the 141: 834:

interior of the narthex and three windows. The higher reaches of the towers were reached via spiral stairways, archaeological remains of which have been unearthed in the north turret. There are two pairs of columns inside the narthex, supporting its second floor, which is accessible from the north tower. The columns divide the narthex into three

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were a highlight of the interior; they ranged in size from almost life-sized to miniature. While the ceramic images were constructed out of clay tiles, the mosaic icons were more varied in their material, which included clay, glass, and stone of various shades on a gold-coloured background. Among the

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The Round Church's rich interior decoration, which makes ample use of mosaics, ceramics and marble details, distinguishes it from other churches in Preslav. Its interior features hundreds of drawings depicting ships, fauna, and Christian figures. Medieval inscriptions on the walls range from names of

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and the Bulgarian Antiquities Society under the direction of Yordan Gospodinov. A second effort headed by Krastyu Miyatev resulted in a much more in-depth study, and archaeological research at the site is ongoing. In 1927, the Round Church, along with the entirety of medieval Preslav, was proclaimed

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While no church from this age in the Slavic-populated parts of the Balkans was up-to-date with contemporary Byzantine architecture, the Round Church differs markedly because of its centralized, circular plan, which is unique in medieval Bulgarian architecture. The rounded and dynamic nature of its

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The Round Church was built outside Preslav's inner city, which mostly included the royal palace and its associated buildings such as the Royal Basilica. It was still within the outer city limits, and lay in Preslav's southeastern part, some 250 metres (820 ft) from the South Gate of the inner

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14 , where the same prince had the holy new golden church built". It is uncertain whether the "mouth of the Ticha" refers to a narrow section of the river, to the Ustie pass near the city, or possibly to a certain location next to the outer city walls and in the direct vicinity of the Round Church

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Measuring 5 m × 9.50 m (16.4 ft × 31.2 ft), the narthex is the part of the Round Church which has survived in best shape, as some of its walls reach 3 m (9.8 ft). Its two turrets have a diameter of 3.20 m (10.5 ft); each has an entrance facing the

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Paul". Despite being dated to the 10th century and its mention of the church's dedication and its potential donor, it cannot be described a classic donor's inscription because of its unnatural location and clumsy writing. Nikolova considers it more likely that the author of the inscription was a

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The outermost part of the Round Church is its atrium, the flanked open space leading into the narthex. It is accessed by means of three gates (one on each wall), of which the entrance on the main west wall is the most elaborate and grandest in appearance. The atrium is almost square in shape and

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literate person who served under chartophylax Paul and desired to spread his fame. She believes the text may refer to the construction of the narthex only rather than the whole church, because she is of the opinion that the narthex may have been added after the building of the rotunda.

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is equated with the Round Church, then it can be conclusively dated to no more than a few years before 907. While the church can be ascribed to no later than the 10th century, some scholars have suggested that it may have been constructed directly on top of a much earlier late Roman

730:(also naos or, due to its shape, rotunda), each serving as a premise to the other. The sections were not necessarily built at the same time, and it is generally accepted that a reconstruction of the church was carried out some time after its completion. Mavrodinov and archaeologist 753:

and stone tiles glued on top of red mortar in the narthex and white mortar elsewhere. Red and yellow bricks and pieces of bricks were used for the atrium, the arches, and possibly the dome; some brick pieces were used to fill spaces between the stones on the walls.

973:. Besides classic ornamental shapes, the cornices feature some that are entirely new in character or well-known yet redesigned motifs. Floral decoration dominates the cornices. Tiles found inside the church ruins depict birds and other animals in addition to 930:. Thus, he believes that it is not based on Byzantine examples of that age. Of a contrary opinion is Miyatev, who points out significant similarities between the decoration of the Round Church and that of the Church of the Mother of God (now part of the 881:

was situated in the center of the circle of columns and of the whole rotunda, directly under the dome's centre, as evidenced by a mortar padding. Stairs from the east and west, aligned with the apse, used to lead up to the ambon. The bishop's throne or

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Perhaps the most famous and valuable writing on the walls of the church is a Cyrillic inscription on the south wall of the premises south of the narthex, conventionally known as the baptistery. The inscription was clumsily written on top of a mortar

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threat from the north. Counted among Bulgaria's greatest leaders, Simeon was a benefactor of literature and the arts; his reign is considered the "Golden Age" of medieval Bulgarian culture because of Bulgaria's literary influence over contemporary

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Vaklinov, Stancho (1977). "IV. Izgrazhdane na edinna starobalgarska kultura (vtorata polovina na IX — nachaloto na XI v." [IV. The establishment of a united Old Bulgarian culture (second half of 9th — early 11th century].

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The rectangular narthex constitutes the middle part of the building, between the atrium and the cella, and serves as the lobby of the church. It lies directly east of the atrium, through a wide gate flanked by a couple of high circular

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shapes is in contrast with the sharp rectangular designs of that period. It is most likely based on the abundant examples of late Roman or early Byzantine buildings that lay ruined in the Bulgarian lands. The layout, particularly the

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The Round Church was constructed during the rule of Boris' son and successor, Simeon (r. 893–927), whose successful campaigns established Bulgaria's temporary superiority over Byzantium, at times threatening the Byzantine capital at

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a historical and archaeological reserve and placed under state protection as a national antiquity. In 1970, it was individually included in the list of monuments of culture of national importance with a publication in that year's

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Byzantine Trade, 4th–12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange: Papers of the Thirty-eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St John's College, University of Oxford, March

934:) from 908 in Constantinople. Mavrodinov goes a step further to claim that the architect of the Round Church was directly inspired by ancient examples, citing in particular the rich sculptural decoration. 563:

in Pliska. Another researcher, Krastyu Miyatev, sees it as a royal church of Simeon, but art historian Nikola Mavrodinov and archaeologist Totyu Totev insist it belonged to a monastery from the beginning.

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Together with the north and south wall, the entrance of the narthex effectively isolates two smaller parts of the atrium, similar in plan and accessible through doors. The north part includes a small

555:. If the buildings neighbouring the church are interpreted as the residential part of a monastery, it was most probably established after the construction of the Round Church, during the rule of Tsar 423:. With the conversion to Christianity, Boris hoped to solve internal ethnic issues and improve the foreign relations of his state, which was not treated equally by the Christian rulers of Europe. 383:

buildings. The church's alternative name, the Golden Church, stems from its possible and popular identification with a "new golden church" in Preslav referenced in a medieval literary source.

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The Round Church was unmatched in its ceramic decoration by any church in Preslav, and was the only known building in the city to rely heavily on polychrome ceramic tiles. Ceramic and mosaic

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reinforce the structure both inside and outside. A circle of ten or twelve white marble columns was inscribed inside the rotunda, 0.55 m (1.8 ft) from the interior buttresses. The

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in between. In total, there are fourteen vaults: four on each of the courtyard's three walls and one each where the west wall meets the sides. The atrium includes an equal number of round

1639: 611:. Today the Round Church, along with the other ruins of medieval Preslav, lie not far from the modern town of Veliki Preslav, which is the administrative centre of a municipality in 348:

Considered to be one of the most impressive examples of medieval Bulgarian architecture, the Round Church takes its name from the distinctive shape of one of its three sections, the

3179: 1791:[A monument to Tsar Simeon the Great was unveiled next to the Golden Church in Veliki Preslav on the occasion of the 1080th anniversary of the Bulgarian ruler's death.]. 3169: 1049:

Other examples of the epigraphy of the Round Church include several short Glagolitic and Cyrillic texts and separate letters. Among the Glagolitic inscriptions is the Preslav

663:. Even if the plan is unusual, the technology and principles employed in its construction are contemporary to the 10th century and in accord with other monuments in Preslav. 3194: 918:

column capitals, which are of Roman or Byzantine origin, the rest of the decoration was created specifically for and during the church's construction. Vlasto finds a

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was performed. The diameter of the rotunda is 10.50 m (34.4 ft). It is accessed through three gates, all from the narthex. It was entirely covered by a

544:) named Paul, who is mentioned in an inscription inside the church. The main part of the work was likely funded by Simeon, who may have acted as a chief sponsor. 1822:[People are still getting baptised and married in the ruins of the Golden Church of Preslav today] (in Bulgarian). Dveri na Pravoslavieto. Archived from 1033:

of Old Church Slavonic). The Glagolitic inscriptions of the Round Church bear evidence that the use of that alphabet in Preslav continued alongside Cyrillic.

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The semicircular apse fits naturally with the other vaults of the rotunda despite being larger, and features vaults on its north and south walls. The marble

2262: 2067: 475:. Simeon turned Preslav into a cultural centre, a true rival to Constantinople. Some of the most eminent scholars of Bulgaria's Golden Age worked at the 63: 2927: 3144: 698:, western Germany, with which it shares some characteristics. At the time of the Round Church's construction, Bulgaria was in direct contact with the 568: 2949: 2824: 1789:"Pametnik na tsar Simeon Veliki beshe otkrit do Zlatnata tsarkva vav Veliki Preslav po povod 1080-godishninata ot konchinata na balgarskia vladetel" 1699: 734:

believe the narthex and cella comprised the first building period, while the atrium was added very shortly after that and by the same architect.

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Byzantine churches are not the only source of inspiration that researchers attribute to the Round Church. Some scholars link its design to an

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on the outer wall, were constructed north and south of the rotunda's eastern part, the apse, which itself fits into one of the vaults. Large

702:. One trait of the Round Church that is claimed by scholars to be a very recognisable Carolingian influence is the presence of a monumental 1665: 133: 164: 3149: 1642:[98. Veliki Preslav National Historical and Architectural Reserve] (in Bulgarian). Balgarski turisticheski sayuz. Archived from 1903: 1609:[List of monuments of culture with the category "national importance" on the territory of Shumen Province by populated places] 2110:

Hodinot, R. (1968). "Zapadni vliyania varhu Kraglata tsarkva v Preslav" [Western influences on the Round Church in Preslav].

2874: 2813: 2725: 2698: 2669: 2616: 1030: 2680: 2656:; Iskra Baeva; Boyan Dobrev (2006). "10. Zlatniyat vek na balgarskata kultura" [10. The Golden Age of Bulgarian culture]. 1259:

Bakalov, Georgi; Milen Kumanov (2003). "SIMEON I Veliki (864-27.V.927)" [SIMEON I The Great (864 — 27 May 927)].

3154: 2540: 1758: 1607:"Spisak na pametnitsite na kulturata s kategoria "Natsionalno znachenie" na teritoriata na Oblast Shumen /po naseleni mesta/" 1272: 981:

in either brown, yellow, green, blue, or blue-green. The walls were covered in polished marble facing with encrusted shapes.

1702:[The Church of St Petka in Ruse is suffering damage] (in Bulgarian). Balgarska natsionalna televizia. Archived from 989: 1606: 3159: 583: 2942: 1819: 656: 408: 364: 157: 1796: 618: 356:

that serves as a place of liturgy. The church's design also includes a wide atrium and a rectangular entrance area, or

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The church has a total length of 38.5 m (126 ft), including the atrium. It was mostly built of rectangular

339: 1877: 691: 68: 3031: 2317: 2070:[The Gebe Klise Basilica and the matter of relations between Bulgaria and Rome in the late 9th century] 582:, issue 46. As part of the Veliki Preslav architectural reserve, the Round Church is listed as No. 98 among the 3011: 683: 496: 372: 3016: 2093: 3071: 3184: 3100: 2935: 958: 476: 323: 1005:. One study counted a total of 193 signs and 30 drawings, the vast majority bearing some kind of 870:

of the columns are similar to those of the royal palace in Preslav. A copper-plated wooden coffin lay in a

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View from the atrium entrance looking towards the narthex and rotunda gates, with the apse in the distance

2850: 1703: 800: 715: 674:. In general, churches with such an antiquated plan in the Balkans are associated with the migration of 488: 75: 17: 3021: 2913: 894: 379:

because of its characteristic plan, which is significantly different from contemporaneous Bulgarian or

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The Round Church featured marble and limestone cornices. These included a large number of intertwined

790: 41: 3026: 342: 1906:[Veliki Preslav Municipality] (in Bulgarian). Oblastna administratsia Shumen. Archived from 1018: 1006: 775: 644: 556: 492: 412: 392: 211: 1001:

The Round Church contains many medieval inscriptions, both official and scratched on its walls as

2996: 2720:] (CD). Sofia: Balgarska akademia na naukite; Knigoizdatelska kashta "Trud"; Sirma AI. 2002. 2309: 2293: 512: 292: 3076: 3001: 2517: 2510: 1673: 1295: 1289: 1086: 1079: 1061:

has been discovered, inscribed on the tombstone of a woman described as "God's servant Tudora".

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was made the capital of Bulgaria early in Simeon's reign, partly because of the former capital

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The round cella is the easternmost and most important part of the church, as it was where the

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The earliest excavations of the site were carried out in 1927–1928 by archaeologists from the

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The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs

803:. Mavrodinov likens the narthex of the Round Church to similar structures in the churches of 3164: 3105: 2839:. Sofia: Shumenski universitet; Universitetsko izdatelstvo "Sv. Kliment Ohridski": 338–343. 2277: 978: 911: 742: 731: 452: 380: 1054: 1026: 1022: 1013:

of the Round Church dates from the 10th century, and three alphabets are represented: the

878: 699: 612: 396: 388: 117: 2704: 2068:"Bazilikata "Gebe Klise" i vaprosat za vrazkite mezhdu Balgaria i Rim v kraya na IX vek" 1907: 3121: 2976: 2684: 2082:. Sofia: Shumenski universitet; Universitetsko izdatelstvo "Sv. Kliment Ohridski": 49. 1014: 947: 819: 648: 590: 428: 363:

The church has been likened to examples of religious architecture from the late Roman (

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probably lay near one of the south vaults, which was likely enlarged for the purpose.

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There is debate in Bulgarian academic circles as to whether the church was built as a

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The Round Church is popularly identified with the "new golden church" referenced in a

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Introduction to Architectural Theory and History. Textbook for Art History Students

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Vavedenie v arhitekturnata teoria i istoria. Uchebnik za studenti po izkustvoznanie

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Stephenson, Paul (2000). "Bulgaria and beyond: the Northern Balkans (c. 900–963)".

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monks. Another possible model for the Round Church in Preslav may well be found in

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columns each standing opposite one of the piers, 0.60 m (2.0 ft) apart.

2893:]. Sofia: Balgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo; Izdatelstvo "Nauka i izkustvo". 2609:

Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204

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measures 12.20 m × 14.30 m (40.0 ft × 46.9 ft). A

687: 632: 376: 2764:]. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata akademia na naukite. pp. 95–100. 1085:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 503:. The text says that the translation was done on the order of Prince Simeon by 855: 827: 815: 811: 768: 764: 675: 524: 448: 440: 2898: 2748: 2289: 2127: 2119: 1823: 1727: 345:'s rule, and was unearthed and first archaeologically examined in 1927–1928. 179: 166: 2921: 2769: 1010: 826:, and believes it may instead have been designed as a vessel for dispensing 779: 738: 719: 552: 548: 516: 204: 27:

Large partially preserved early medieval Eastern Orthodox church in Bulgaria

2456:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Izdatelska kashta "Petar Beron". p. 385. 2305: 1765:(in Bulgarian). Vestnikarska Grupa Balgaria OOD. 2009-12-20. Archived from 1267:] (CD) (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Knigoizdatelska kashta "Trud"; Sirma AI. 431:. He extended the territory of the First Bulgarian Empire over most of the 2991: 2960: 1880:[History] (in Bulgarian). Obshtina Veliki Preslav. Archived from 1112:

Converting Cultures: Religion, Ideology, and Transformations of Modernity

1002: 974: 962: 883: 863: 859: 818:, as it features a square installation with a clay pipe that resembles a 703: 671: 652: 529: 472: 368: 335: 121: 1820:"I dnes krashtavat i venchavat v ruinite na Zlatnata preslavska tsarkva" 838:

and mark the way from the narthex entrance to the gates of the rotunda.

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The Orthodox Churches During the Bulgarian Middle Ages 9th–14th Century

2297: 1881: 1058: 970: 951: 919: 907: 847: 823: 723: 667: 640: 464: 432: 357: 327: 113: 47: 2808:]. Sofia: Akademichno izdatelstvo "Marin Drinov". pp. 88–92. 1733:(1st ed.). Footscray, Vic.; Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet. p. 923: 903: 750: 695: 534: 468: 444: 2281: 1761:[The Golden Church to be constructed in its original size]. 1640:"98. Natsionalen istoriko-arheologicheski rezervat "Veliki Preslav"" 922:

flavour in the church's interior and a relationship with the art of

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The sides of the atrium are decorated by a multitude of vaults with

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Starobalgarskoto izkustvo: izkustvoto na Parvoto balgarsko tsarstvo

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The interior was lavishly decorated with colourful Byzantine-style

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was constructed in the center of the courtyard; it was linked to a

2263:"Five 'Romanesque' Portals: Questions of Attribution and Ornament" 1038: 966: 893: 789: 727: 617: 572: 349: 1291:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

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was the subject of a political dispute between Byzantium and the

2785:]. Sofia: Izdatelska kashta "Hristo Botev". pp. 17–19. 2743:]. Sofia: Izdatelstvo "Nauka i izkustvo". pp. 150–164. 938: 851: 835: 746: 420: 267: 2931: 2827:[The Ship as a Symbol in Preslav in the 10th Century] 2802:

Pravoslavnite tsarkvi prez Balgarskoto srednovekovie IX–XIV v.

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influence, perhaps brought to Bulgaria by craftsmen from the

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View from the centre of the rotunda west towards the atrium

338:. The church dates to the early 10th century, the time of 1057:, animals, and up to 11 depictions of ships. At least one 2490:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–17. 1041:

and says in translation: "Church of Saint John, built by

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Old Bulgarian Art: The Art of the First Bulgarian Empire

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The Formation of Old Bulgarian Culture 6th–11th Century

2664:]. Sofia: Knigoizdatelska kashta "Trud"; Sirma AI. 2448:

Andreev, Yordan; Lazarov, Ivan; Pavlov, Plamen (1999).

749:, the mortar is red-coloured. The floor was covered by 2683:[Architecture of the First Bulgarian Empire]. 2583:. Sofia, Bulgaria: Palaeobulgarica XXV. pp. 2–15. 1668:[Collection "The 100 National Tourist Sites"] 1223:. Philadelphia; London: Jessica Kingsley. p. 25. 2869:] (in Bulgarian). Varna: Hronos. pp. 58–63. 2544:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 334–335. 2914:

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Round Church

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Washburn, Dennis Charles; A. Kevin Reinhart (2007).

3114: 3093: 3059: 2984: 1795:(in Bulgarian). Sega AD. 2007-05-27. Archived from 1666:"Sbornik "100-te natsionalni turisticheski obekta"" 714:The Round Church includes three sections: the wide 277: 266: 250: 239: 231: 226: 210: 200: 195: 156: 109: 104: 96: 84: 74: 62: 57: 32: 2516:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 2509: 2026:. Oxford; Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 2019: 1726: 1078: 2630:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Archive. 2564:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 113–114. 1242: 1240: 507:and copied by Theodore Dox, "at the mouth of the 2512:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1358: 1356: 898:Cornice from the Round Church with floral motifs 222:possible Caucasian and/or Carolingian influences 2887:Formirane na starobalgarskata kultura VI–XI vek 2712:"Kraglata tsarkva" [The Round Church]. 1199: 1197: 415:(r. 852–889). The right to convert Bulgaria to 2419: 2417: 1998: 1996: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 532:due to its antiquated plan. A possible donor ( 411:by Byzantine clergy in the 860s, under Prince 407:Founded in 681 as a pagan state, Bulgaria was 2943: 2652:Delev, Petar; Valeri Katsunov; Plamen Mitev; 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2013: 2011: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 140: 8: 3180:Medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church buildings 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1180:. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 5. 1159: 1157: 1155: 443:. Simeon also conquered the lands of modern 3170:Buildings and structures in Shumen Province 2681:"Arhitektura na Parvoto balgarsko tsarstvo" 2662:History and Civilisation for the 11th Grade 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1472: 1470: 1077:Vasilʹev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1952). 391:to separate letters and short texts in the 2950: 2936: 2928: 2825:"Korabat kato simvol v Preslav prez X vek" 2538:(1991). "Bulgarian art and architecture". 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2049: 2047: 1331: 1329: 997:Paul from the interior of the Round Church 942:portrayed saints and biblical figures are 910:, and ceramics. With the exception of the 40: 29: 2611:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2588:Stavreva, Kirilka; Quek, Lynette (2007). 2392: 2390: 1700:"Tsarkvata "Sveta Petka" v Ruse se rushi" 1081:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 3195:Golden Age of medieval Bulgarian culture 2581:Reconsidering the Round Church of Symeon 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1317: 1315: 1265:Electronic edition "History of Bulgaria" 1261:Elektronno izdanie "Istoria na Balgaria" 988: 18:Epigraphy of the Round Church in Preslav 1069: 76:Ecclesiastical or organizational status 3175:Tourist attractions in Shumen Province 2758:Arhitekturata v srednovekovna Balgaria 950:. Some of the images were enclosed in 814:, while the south part was probably a 631:, resembles churches from the time of 7: 1759:"Vdigat Zlatnata tsarkva v original" 874:by one of the vaults near the apse. 2658:Istoria i tsivilizatsia za 11. klas 1294:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 1114:. Boston: Brill. pp. 132–133. 2450:Koy koy e v srednovekovna Balgaria 2248: 2180: 1569: 1403: 1246: 1146: 471:'s association with pre-Christian 360:, marked by two circular turrets. 319:), is a large partially preserved 25: 2762:Architecture in Medieval Bulgaria 46:The ruins of the Round Church in 3145:Archaeological sites in Bulgaria 3050: 2959: 2592:. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2423: 2408: 2381: 2333: 2236: 2215: 2168: 2147: 2018:Redgate, Anne Elizabeth (2000). 2002: 1947: 1844: 1593: 1523: 1511: 1461: 1391: 1362: 1203: 1163: 1134: 607:city. It was situated on a high 139: 132: 2590:Cultures of the World: Bulgaria 2454:Who is Who in Medieval Bulgaria 2357: 2345: 1987: 1968: 1544: 1178:Nations in Transition: Bulgaria 1029:and Old Bulgarian (the eastern 451:and efficiently eliminated the 334:, today a town in northeastern 61: 2966:Municipality of Veliki Preslav 2541:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 2435: 2396: 1818:Ivanova, Emilia (2010-07-31). 1488: 1476: 1424: 977:shapes and floral motifs, all 569:National Archaeological Museum 1: 3190:Bulgarian Orthodox cathedrals 2559:Mango, Maria Mundell (2009). 2488:A Concise History of Bulgaria 2369: 2203: 2053: 1935: 1865: 1581: 1347: 1335: 1321: 741:blocks sparingly joined with 584:100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria 2714:Balgarska entsiklopedia A–Ya 1445:Balgarska entsiklopedia A–Ya 1443: 1025:, as well as two languages: 858:as seen from the inside and 330:, the former capital of the 259:10.50 m (34.4 ft) 254:14.30 m (46.9 ft) 2863:Veliki Preslav: Patevoditel 2833:Preslavska Knizhovna Shkola 2777:Nachev, Ventseslav (1994). 2735:Mavrodinov, Nikola (1959). 2718:Bulgarian Encyclopedia A–Ya 2579:Schwartz, Ellen C. (2002). 2270:Metropolitan Museum Journal 2261:Vandersall, Amy L. (1983). 2076:Preslavska Knizhovna Shkola 1288:Frucht, Richard C. (2005). 501:Orations Against the Arians 281:10.50 m (34.4 ft) 3211: 3150:History of Shumen Province 1176:Otfinoski, Steven (2004). 589:The Church of St Petka in 483:Identification and history 373:Carolingian Pre-Romanesque 243:38.5 m (126 ft) 3048: 2972: 2867:Veliki Preslav: Guidebook 2800:Nikolova, Bistra (2002). 2756:Miyatev, Krastyu (1965). 2679:Koeva, Margarita (2003). 1904:"Obshtina Veliki Preslav" 615:, northeastern Bulgaria. 296: 127: 69:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 39: 2693:]. Varna: LiterNet. 2486:Crampton, R .J. (2005). 2114:(in Bulgarian) (1): 20. 2066:Georgiev, Pavel (2002). 807:, because of its depth. 684:Carolingian architecture 551:church or as a separate 497:Athanasius of Alexandria 3101:Preslav Literary School 1725:Greenway, Paul (2002). 690:, and particularly the 523:If the church from the 477:Preslav Literary School 2823:Rashev, Rasho (1995). 2783:Bulgarian Inscriptions 2626:Vlasto, A. P. (1970). 1729:Lonely Planet Bulgaria 1221:Bulgarian Folk Customs 998: 969:clusters, leaves, and 899: 795: 637:Basilica of San Vitale 623: 505:Constantine of Preslav 409:formally Christianised 332:First Bulgarian Empire 315:(църква "Свети Йоан", 158:Geographic coordinates 3155:10th-century churches 2918:3D, Audio & Video 2861:Totev, Totyu (1993). 1698:Nikiforova, Violeta. 992: 961:and details, such as 897: 793: 622:Simplified floor plan 621: 303:), also known as the 148:Shown within Bulgaria 3160:Churches in Bulgaria 317:tsarkva "Sveti Yoan" 180:43.1423°N 26.81295°E 1910:on 15 December 2010 1646:on 21 December 2010 1031:Bulgarian recension 1007:Christian symbolism 657:Rotunda of Galerius 645:Little Hagia Sophia 352:(naos), which is a 326:church. It lies in 232:Direction of façade 176: / 92:possibly before 907 90:Early 10th century, 2536:Kazhdan, Alexander 1706:on 16 October 2010 1217:MacDermott, Mercia 1009:. As a whole, the 999: 900: 796: 624: 602:Location and style 3130: 3129: 3085:Palace of Omurtag 2846:978-954-07-0403-6 2792:978-954-445-128-8 2779:Balgarski nadpisi 2637:978-0-521-07459-9 2599:978-0-7614-2078-1 2571:978-0-7546-6310-2 2551:978-0-19-504652-6 2527:978-0-521-81539-0 2497:978-0-521-61637-9 2463:978-954-402-047-7 2089:978-954-430-885-8 2037:978-0-631-22037-4 1744:978-1-86450-148-3 1305:978-1-57607-800-6 1230:978-1-85302-485-6 1187:978-0-8160-5116-8 1121:978-90-04-15822-1 1096:978-0-299-80925-6 1055:Christian crosses 932:Fenari Isa Mosque 854:. Twelve vaults, 686:from the time of 313:Church of St John 285: 284: 278:Dome dia. (outer) 262: 257: 246: 185:43.1423; 26.81295 16:(Redirected from 3202: 3106:Preslav treasure 3081:Ruins of Preslav 3054: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2929: 2902: 2880: 2857: 2856:on 24 July 2011. 2855: 2849:. Archived from 2830: 2819: 2796: 2773: 2752: 2731: 2708: 2707:on 14 June 2011. 2703:. Archived from 2675: 2654:Evgenia Kalinova 2641: 2622: 2603: 2584: 2575: 2555: 2531: 2515: 2501: 2468: 2467: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2323:on 28 June 2011. 2322: 2316:. Archived from 2267: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2151: 2145: 2132: 2131: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2099:on 24 July 2011. 2098: 2092:. Archived from 2078:(in Bulgarian). 2073: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2025: 2015: 2006: 2000: 1991: 1985: 1972: 1966: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1874: 1868: 1863: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1732: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1678: 1671: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1619: 1612: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1548: 1542: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1465: 1459: 1448: 1441: 1428: 1422: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1366: 1360: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1324: 1319: 1310: 1309: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1235: 1234: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1192: 1191: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1084: 1074: 324:Eastern Orthodox 307:(Златна църква, 298: 260: 255: 244: 191: 190: 188: 187: 186: 181: 177: 174: 173: 172: 169: 143: 142: 136: 86:Year consecrated 44: 30: 21: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3126: 3110: 3089: 3055: 3046: 2980: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2916:(accessible at 2910: 2905: 2883: 2877: 2860: 2853: 2847: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2799: 2793: 2776: 2755: 2734: 2728: 2711: 2701: 2678: 2672: 2651: 2648: 2638: 2625: 2619: 2606: 2600: 2587: 2578: 2572: 2558: 2552: 2534: 2528: 2504: 2498: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2388: 2380: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2282:10.2307/1512804 2265: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2154: 2146: 2135: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2090: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2001: 1994: 1986: 1975: 1967: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1934: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1884:on 15 June 2010 1876: 1875: 1871: 1864: 1851: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1799:on 16 July 2011 1787: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1679:on 28 July 2011 1676: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1649: 1647: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1576: 1568: 1551: 1543: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1468: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1431: 1423: 1410: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1369: 1361: 1354: 1346: 1342: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1306: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1275: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1238: 1231: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1202: 1195: 1188: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1162: 1153: 1145: 1141: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1027:Byzantine Greek 993:Inscription of 987: 920:Proto-Bulgarian 892: 844: 788: 760: 712: 700:Frankish Empire 692:Palatine Chapel 678:, Armenian, or 613:Shumen Province 604: 599: 495:translation of 485: 405: 389:Byzantine Greek 365:Early Christian 258: 221: 184: 182: 178: 175: 170: 167: 165: 163: 162: 152: 151: 150: 149: 146: 145: 144: 118:Shumen Province 91: 53: 51: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3185:Round churches 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3122:Angel Metodiev 3118: 3116: 3115:Notable people 3112: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3072:Royal Basilica 3069: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2977:Veliki Preslav 2973: 2970: 2969: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2909: 2908:External links 2906: 2904: 2903: 2881: 2875: 2858: 2845: 2820: 2814: 2797: 2791: 2774: 2753: 2732: 2726: 2709: 2699: 2676: 2670: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2636: 2623: 2617: 2604: 2598: 2585: 2576: 2570: 2556: 2550: 2532: 2526: 2502: 2496: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2440: 2428: 2413: 2401: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2338: 2326: 2253: 2241: 2220: 2208: 2185: 2173: 2152: 2133: 2102: 2088: 2058: 2043: 2036: 2007: 1992: 1973: 1952: 1940: 1921: 1895: 1869: 1849: 1837: 1826:on 6 July 2011 1810: 1780: 1769:on 6 July 2011 1750: 1743: 1717: 1690: 1657: 1631: 1620:on 6 July 2011 1598: 1586: 1574: 1549: 1528: 1516: 1493: 1481: 1466: 1449: 1429: 1408: 1396: 1367: 1352: 1340: 1325: 1311: 1304: 1280: 1273: 1251: 1236: 1229: 1208: 1193: 1186: 1168: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1120: 1102: 1095: 1068: 1066: 1063: 986: 983: 891: 888: 872:burial chamber 843: 840: 820:baptismal font 787: 784: 759: 756: 711: 708: 649:Constantinople 603: 600: 598: 595: 561:Great Basilica 484: 481: 429:Constantinople 404: 401: 367:) period, the 321:early medieval 309:Zlatna tsarkva 301:Kragla tsarkva 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 271: 264: 263: 252: 248: 247: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 227:Specifications 224: 223: 214: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 193: 192: 160: 154: 153: 147: 138: 137: 131: 130: 129: 128: 125: 124: 114:Veliki Preslav 111: 107: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 78: 72: 71: 66: 60: 59: 55: 54: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3207: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3133: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2878: 2876:954-592-001-7 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2815:954-430-762-1 2811: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2727:954-8104-08-3 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2700:954-304-027-3 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2671:954-9926-72-9 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2618:0-521-77017-3 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2506:Curta, Florin 2503: 2499: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2384:, pp. 212–213 2383: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2336:, pp. 198–199 2335: 2330: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022:The Armenians 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1950:, pp. 199–200 1949: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1896: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1838: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1811: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1721: 1718: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1691: 1675: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1645: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1616: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1368: 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Inside the 744: 740: 735: 733: 732:Karel Škorpil 729: 725: 721: 717: 709: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 620: 616: 614: 610: 601: 596: 594: 592: 587: 585: 581: 580: 579:State Gazette 574: 570: 565: 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 543: 542: 537: 536: 531: 526: 525:marginal note 521: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 493:Old Bulgarian 490: 482: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 458:Slavic Europe 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 402: 400: 398: 394: 390: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305:Golden Church 302: 297:Кръгла църква 294: 290: 280: 276: 272: 269: 265: 253: 249: 245:(with atrium) 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 219: 215: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 194: 189: 161: 159: 155: 135: 126: 123: 119: 115: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 89: 87: 83: 79: 77: 73: 70: 67: 65: 56: 49: 43: 38: 35:Кръгла църква 31: 19: 3132: 3067:Round Church 3066: 2975: 2917: 2890: 2886: 2866: 2862: 2851:the original 2836: 2832: 2805: 2801: 2782: 2778: 2761: 2757: 2740: 2736: 2717: 2713: 2705:the original 2690: 2685: 2661: 2657: 2646:In Bulgarian 2627: 2608: 2589: 2580: 2560: 2539: 2511: 2487: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2431: 2404: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2318:the original 2273: 2269: 2256: 2244: 2211: 2176: 2111: 2105: 2094:the original 2079: 2075: 2061: 2021: 1943: 1912:. Retrieved 1908:the original 1898: 1886:. Retrieved 1882:the original 1872: 1840: 1828:. Retrieved 1824:the original 1813: 1801:. Retrieved 1797:the original 1792: 1783: 1771:. Retrieved 1767:the original 1762: 1753: 1728: 1720: 1708:. Retrieved 1704:the original 1693: 1681:. Retrieved 1674:the original 1660: 1648:. Retrieved 1644:the original 1634: 1622:. Retrieved 1615:the original 1601: 1589: 1577: 1519: 1484: 1444: 1399: 1343: 1290: 1283: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1220: 1211: 1177: 1171: 1142: 1130: 1111: 1105: 1080: 1072: 1048: 1043:chartophylax 1035: 1000: 995:chartophylax 956: 946:and perhaps 936: 928:Central Asia 901: 876: 856:semicircular 845: 832: 809: 797: 773: 761: 736: 713: 665: 661:Thessaloniki 635:such as the 625: 605: 597:Architecture 588: 577: 566: 546: 541:chartophylax 539: 533: 522: 500: 486: 463:The city of 462: 425: 417:Christianity 406: 385: 362: 347: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 289:Round Church 288: 286: 196:Architecture 33:Round Church 2920:; requires 2218:, pp. 89–90 1464:, pp. 91–92 1365:, pp. 88–89 1249:, pp. 18–19 1206:, pp. 16–17 1051:Abecedarium 944:Charalampus 805:Mount Athos 710:Description 688:Charlemagne 676:Cappadocian 655:), and the 633:Justinian I 399:alphabets. 377:Charlemagne 183: / 64:Affiliation 3139:Categories 3077:Gebe Klise 3002:Imrenchevo 2480:In English 2249:Mavrodinov 2181:Mavrodinov 2112:Arheologia 1914:18 October 1888:18 October 1830:15 October 1803:15 October 1773:15 October 1710:1 November 1683:1 November 1650:1 November 1624:1 November 1570:Mavrodinov 1404:Mavrodinov 1274:954528613X 1247:Stephenson 1147:Stephenson 1137:, pp. 9–11 1065:References 1021:, and the 1019:Glagolitic 912:Corinthian 890:Decoration 864:buttresses 860:pentagonal 828:holy water 816:baptistery 812:necropolis 765:water well 449:Montenegro 403:Background 393:Glagolitic 387:saints in 371:, and the 171:26°48′47″E 168:43°08′32″N 3060:Landmarks 3032:Suha Reka 2974:Capital: 2922:QuickTime 2899:314653227 2749:456107079 2314:191476880 2290:0077-8958 2128:630557039 2120:0324-1203 1878:"Istoria" 1011:epigraphy 985:Epigraphy 975:geometric 963:palmettes 959:ornaments 780:limestone 739:limestone 720:courtyard 553:cathedral 549:monastery 517:indiction 435:, to the 381:Byzantine 311:) or the 293:Bulgarian 261:(rotunda) 218:Byzantine 205:Cathedral 100:Preserved 80:Cathedral 3012:Milanovo 2997:Han Krum 2992:Dragoevo 2985:Villages 2770:10198565 2508:(2006). 2426:, p. 226 2424:Vaklinov 2411:, p. 227 2409:Vaklinov 2399:, p. 339 2382:Vaklinov 2372:, p. 114 2360:, p. 157 2348:, p. 100 2334:Vaklinov 2251:, p. 164 2237:Nikolova 2216:Nikolova 2183:, p. 152 2169:Nikolova 2148:Nikolova 2005:, p. 200 2003:Vaklinov 1990:, p. 335 1948:Vaklinov 1938:, p. 221 1845:Nikolova 1594:Nikolova 1572:, p. 151 1524:Nikolova 1512:Nikolova 1462:Nikolova 1427:, p. 171 1406:, p. 150 1394:, p. 196 1392:Vaklinov 1363:Nikolova 1350:, p. 220 1219:(1998). 1204:Crampton 1164:Stavreva 1135:Crampton 1023:Cyrillic 1003:graffiti 971:chamfers 952:ellipses 908:cornices 884:cathedra 868:capitals 726:and the 704:westwork 680:Georgian 672:Caucasus 668:Armenian 653:Istanbul 530:basilica 489:colophon 473:paganism 439:and the 437:Adriatic 397:Cyrillic 369:Caucasus 343:Simeon I 336:Bulgaria 256:(atrium) 122:Bulgaria 110:Location 105:Location 58:Religion 3165:Preslav 3094:Culture 3037:Troitsa 3022:Mostich 3017:Mokresh 3007:Kochovo 2518:220–221 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