747:
soil. Fireweed is a useful tool that can be utilized after prescribed fires and logging events because of its fire resistance and ability to recycle the nutrients left in the soil after a fire. It is also able to quickly establish a root system for reproduction and through this can prevent mass wasting and erosion events from occurring on burned or logged hillsides. Reestablishment of vegetation is crucial in the recovery time of disturbed lands. In many cases, fireweed establishes itself on these disturbed lands, but implementing the introduction of fireweed to a disturbed area as a management practice could prove useful in speeding up the recovery of disturbed lands. Disturbed and burned over lands are generally unpleasant to look at and pose a risk to habitats and nearby communities because of their susceptibility to mass wasting events. Fireweed can quickly establish itself across the landscape and prevent further damage, while providing a blanket of vegetation for recovering fauna to create new habitats in and for pollinators to foster the re-establishment of a diverse set of flora.
636:
455:
419:
431:
443:
51:
578:. Plants grow and flower as long as there is open space and plenty of light. Fireweed reaches its average peak colonization after five years and then begins to be replaced as trees and brush grow larger. When a new fire or other disturbance occurs that opens up the ground to light again, the seeds germinate. Some areas with heavy seed counts in the soil can, after burning, be covered with pure dense stands of this species and when in flower the landscape is turned into fields of color.
542:
64:
756:
556:
582:
reproduces and covers the disturbed area via seeds and rhizomes. It is somewhat adapted to fire as well and so can prevent the reintroduction of fire to the landscape. Fireweed is well adapted to seed in severely burned areas as well, because the mineral soil that is exposed due to the removal of organic soil layers provides a good seedbed.
746:
Because of its rapid establishment on disturbed land, fireweed can be used for land management purposes. Events such as logging, fires and mass wasting can leave the land barren and without vegetation. This causes the land to be more susceptible to erosion because of the lack of root structure in the
654:
and
Siberian people and mixed with other greens. As the plant matures, the leaves become tough and somewhat bitter. Fireweed petals are made into jelly, and mature leaves are dried for use as tea. Roots are traditionally eaten raw by Siberian Native people. When properly prepared soon after picking
581:
Fireweed is an effective colonizer; it may not be present until after a fire has moved through a landscape. Because of its very high dispersal capacity, "propagule pressure" from its regional presence will let it quickly colonize a disturbed area. Once seedlings are established, the plant quickly
811:
included an illustration of 'The Rose-Bay Willow-Herb Fairy', with the accompanying verse "On the breeze my fluff is blown; So my airy seeds are sown. Where the earth is burnt and sad, I will come to make it glad. All forlorn and ruined places, All neglected empty spaces, I can cover—only think!—
589:
in contemporary floras. The plant's rise from local rarity to widespread abundance seems to have occurred at the same time as the expansion of the railway network and the associated soil disturbance. The plant became locally known as 'bombweed' due to its rapid colonization of bomb craters in the
360:
The upright, reddish-brown linear seed capsule splits from the apex and curls open. It bears many minute brown seeds, about 300 to 400 per capsule and 80,000 per plant. The seeds have silky hairs to aid wind dispersal and are very easily spread by the wind, often becoming a weed and a dominant
674:
The root can be roasted after scraping off the outside, but often tastes bitter. To mitigate this, the root is collected before the plant flowers and the brown thread in the middle removed. The stem centers can also be prepared by splitting the outer stalk, and eaten raw.
686:, where it has been produced since the 13th century). They use it as highly prized medicinal herb too. The popularity of fireweed tea perhaps stems from the similarity of its production to that of common black tea (
528:
means "narrow-leaved". It is commonly known in
Britain as "rosebay willowherb", for the same reason. The common American name "fireweed" derives from the species' abundance as a colonizer on burnt sites after
643:
The plant is not considered palatable, but the young shoots and leaves can be cooked and eaten. The young flowers are also edible, and the stems of older plants can be split to extract the edible raw
1555:
Pinno, Bradley D.; Landhäusser, Simon M.; Chow, Pak S.; Quideau, Sylvie A.; MacKenzie, M. Derek (2013-10-28). "Nutrient uptake and growth of fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) on reclamation soils".
671:-filled boils or cuts by placing a piece of the raw stem on the afflicted area. This is said to draw the pus out of the cut or boil and prevents a cut with pus in it from healing over too quickly.
2842:
800:
features a protagonist attempting to restore an old garden that used "Rose Pink Willow Herb" as an ornamental plant and mentions its notoriety for growing on abandoned bomb sites.
1870:
325:
The inflorescence is a symmetrical terminal raceme that blooms progressively from bottom to top, producing a gracefully tapered shape. The flowers are 2 to 3 centimetres (
454:
2658:
2264:
2339:
585:
In
Britain the plant was considered a rare species in the 18th century, and one confined to a few locations with damp, gravelly soils. It was misidentified as
361:
species on disturbed ground. Once established, the plants also spread extensively by underground roots, an individual plant eventually forming a large patch.
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based on several morphological distinctions: spiral (rather than opposite or whorled) leaf arrangement; absence (rather than presence) of a
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692:), leading to a richly flavoured and deeply coloured herbal tea, with no caffeine, it is commercially sold in a blend with mint or thyme.
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has prompted its use in scientific studies of the possible effects of polyploidy on adaptive potential and species diversification.
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produced from fireweed is highly valued for its quality. Most fireweed honey is produced in locations in cool climates, such as the
1792:
635:
2645:
2251:
1516:
2305:
788:
As the first plant to colonise waste ground, fireweed is often mentioned in postwar
British literature. The children's novel
727:
Because fireweed can colonize disturbed sites, even following an old oil spill, it is often used to re-establish vegetation.
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2282:
1772:
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and features two runaway teenagers who meet on bomb sites where fireweed is growing profusely. Another children's novel,
1754:
1304:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
949:
1110:
63:
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2434:
2101:
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353:, with four magenta to pink petals and four narrower pink sepals behind. The protruding style has four stigmas. The
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2421:
773:
2344:
2300:
1935:
31:
318:. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire, narrowly lanceolate, and pinnately veined, the secondary leaf veins
2817:
559:
201:
2426:
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1387:
609:
frequently use the willowherb as their primary larval host-plant, examples including the elephant hawk moth (
2199:
2012:
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2191:
50:
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2593:
2186:
2116:
2044:
1911:
460:
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1708:
2807:
2230:
2006:
1981:
1951:
1801:
180:
2624:
1262:
2722:
2699:
1965:
1438:"Adaptation of diploid and tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium to elevation but not local environment"
1075:
667:
add fireweed to their dogs' food. Fireweed is also a medicine of the Upper Inlet Dena'ina, who treat
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1931:
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285:
2318:
1346:
AUGUST 01, 2020, Julia
Prakofjewa, Raivo Kalle, Olga Belichenko, Valeria Kolosova, Renata Sõukand
300:
The reddish stems of this herbaceous perennial are usually simple, erect, smooth, 0.5–2.5 metres (
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2413:
2142:
1961:
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that quickly colonizes open areas with little competition, such as the sites of forest fires and
274:
231:
209:
58:
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to slightly acidic soils in open fields, pastures, and particularly burned-over lands. It is a
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2002:
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lists fireweed as one of the flowering plants returning to the site of a bonfire inside the
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1137:
Gardening for
Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects
1079:
2730:
2395:
1941:
1316:"Fireweed: Pictures, Flowers, Leaves and Identification | Chamerion angustifolium"
1046:
Introducing the
Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies
806:
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88:
17:
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2709:
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682:) is made into a tea known as Ivan-Chai (Ivan-Tea) or Koporsky tea (from the town of
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197:
2536:
2106:
1745:
1530:
1059:
Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2016).
322:, joining together to form a continuous marginal vein just inside the leaf margins.
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2129:
1985:
1473:
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Fireweed has been referred to in poetry and prose since at least the 19th century.
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406:
319:
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1061:"Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers"
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915:
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2076:
1945:
1348:
Re-written narrative: transformation of the image of Ivan-chaj in
Eastern Europe
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714:
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390:
1489:"University of Guelph Department of Integrative Biology, Dr. Brian C. Husband"
1315:
782:
567:
477:
379:
262:
258:
147:
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1244:
1193:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region
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660:
555:
374:
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1152:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1150:
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2061:
1915:
656:
530:
383:
137:
114:
2357:
917:
Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution
515:
means "dwarf rosebay" in allusion to the outward similarity to rosebay,
2611:
2567:
2217:
2137:
2016:
1955:
1895:
1411:
952:. Vol. 83. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. pp. 1–243.
683:
2637:
1456:
1437:
1087:
957:
601:
The flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects (the generalised
2243:
1975:
820:
386:
127:
2038:
2256:
2155:
2026:
1740:
Syntheses about fire ecology and fire regimes in the United States
861:
754:
706:
699:
634:
554:
540:
75:
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771:
wrote, "The fire-weed glows in the centre of the drive ways". In
823:
in 2002 following a poll by the wild plant conservation charity
644:
315:
2042:
1852:
668:
650:
Traditionally the young shoots are collected in the spring by
27:
Species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae
1832:
Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford,
944:
Warren L. Wagner; Peter C. Hoch & Peter H. Raven (2007).
695:
Fireweed tea is high in iron, copper, potassium and calcium.
1336:(1st ed.). Canada: J. M. Dent & Sons. p. 196.
548:
dominating the forest floor about one year after the 2019
1350:, Heliyon, RESEARCH ARTICLE, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 8, E04632,
1112:
Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook, Second Edition
738:'Album', is listed by the Royal Horticultural Society.
920:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 209.
1362:"5 wild herbs Russians like to brew up to keep warm"
593:
Bears and elk are known to favor the plant as food.
2843:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
2496:
2051:
1995:
1884:
1646:(1st ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 52–53.
1436:Martin, Sara L.; Husband, Brian C. (1 March 2013).
939:
937:
702:, the flowers from fireweed are made into jelly.
647:. Additionally, the leaves can be used for tea.
1334:Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in Washington
1267:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 80.
30:"Fireweed" redirects here. For other uses, see
1864:
1149:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
389:(rather than stamens in two unequal whorls);
8:
1843:Northernbushcraft.com: Edibility of Fireweed
2039:
1871:
1857:
1849:
364:This species has been placed in the genus
49:
38:
1606:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 146.
1455:
393:(rather than actinomorphic) stamens and
1845:– visual identification and edible parts
1222:The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1020:
1018:
946:Revised classification of the Onagraceae
914:Ronse De Craene, Louis P. (2010-02-04).
858:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
284:. It is native throughout the temperate
1820:United States Department of Agriculture
1811:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1781:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1738:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
1667:Cicely Mary Barker (15 November 2016).
887:The vegetative key to the British flora
885:Poland, John; Clement, Eric J. (2009).
840:
414:
314:–8 feet) high with scattered alternate
1302:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
889:. Southampton, U.K.: John Poland and
7:
2700:6059f385-33b0-4a5e-ad34-bb4fdf8d4a78
1360:Kravchenko, Alexandra (2017-10-04).
1217:United States Department of the Army
621:), and the white-lined sphinx moth (
605:). Some species in the insect order
397:. Under this taxonomic arrangement,
1557:Canadian Journal of Forest Research
1764:Jepson Manual eFlora treatment of
566:Fireweed is often abundant in wet
265:. It is known in North America as
25:
2838:Medicinal plants of North America
1264:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
815:Rosebay Willowherb was voted the
2427:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:611374-1
1669:"The Rose-Bay Willow-Herb Fairy"
1642:Willson, Robina Beckles (1967).
1048:. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 70.
720:Fireweed's natural variation in
453:
441:
429:
417:
62:
2749:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:92411-2
1517:Weed Science Society of America
1109:Alford, David V. (2016-04-19).
357:is ✶/↓ K4 C4 A4+4 or 4+0 Ğ(4).
288:, including large parts of the
1531:"Royal Horticultural Society:
1191:; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) .
1005:. Cambridge University Press.
349:inches) in diameter, slightly
269:and in Britain and Ireland as
1:
1816:Agricultural Research Service
1509:Mitch, Larry W. "Fireweed".
1298:"Chamaenerion angustifolium"
950:Systematic Botany Monographs
639:Leaves used as fermented tea
2833:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1135:The Xerces Society (2016),
812:With a mass of rosy pink."
2859:
2083:Chamaenerion angustifolium
2053:Chamaenerion angustifolium
1788:Washington Flora Checklist
1617:Walsh, Jill Paton (1969).
1604:The Fellowship of the Ring
1602:Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954).
1533:Chamaenerion angustifolium
779:J. R. R. Tolkien
774:The Fellowship of the Ring
655:they are a good source of
494:Chamaenerion angustifolium
485:Chamaenerion angustifolium
273:. It is also known by the
244:Chamaenerion angustifolium
190:Chamaenerion angustifolium
43:Chamaenerion angustifolium
29:
2823:Flora of Northern America
1512:Intriguing World of Weeds
1386:Rath, Paul (2017-07-05).
1044:Reiner, Ralph E. (1969).
713:in the United States and
562:eating fireweed in Alaska
480:are recognized as valid:
215:
208:
186:
179:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
41:
32:Fireweed (disambiguation)
2828:Plants described in 1753
1879:Floral emblems of Canada
1746:USDA Plants profile for
1296:Pavek, Diane S. (1992).
984:. Flora of North America
533:and other disturbances.
2723:Epilobium angustifolium
2710:Epilobium_angustifolium
2498:Epilobium angustifolium
2368:Epilobium_angustifolium
1804:Chamerion angustifolium
1795:Chamerion angustifolium
1775:Chamerion angustifolium
1766:Chamerion angustifolium
1757:Chamerion angustifolium
1748:Chamerion angustifolium
1709:"About Yukon: Fireweed"
730:It is also grown as an
615:), bedstraw hawk moth (
282:Epilobium angustifolium
278:Chamerion angustifolium
227:Chamerion angustifolium
219:Epilobium angustifolium
18:Epilobium angustifolium
1644:A Reflection of Rachel
1569:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0091
1195:. Knopf. p. 642.
798:A Reflection of Rachel
764:
715:Scandinavian countries
640:
587:great hairy willowherb
563:
552:
461:White-tailed bumblebee
436:Capsule and seed stage
758:
736:C. angustifolium
678:In Russia, fireweed (
638:
558:
544:
172:C. angustifolium
1932:Purple pitcher plant
603:pollination syndrome
368:(sometimes given as
1962:Pink lady's slipper
1755:Calflora Database:
1689:County Flowers page
1227:Skyhorse Publishing
1189:Niering, William A.
1080:2016PlBio..18...56V
1003:The Names of Plants
286:Northern Hemisphere
1695:2015-04-30 at the
1592:(weekly ed.), 1892
1487:Husband, Brian C.
1001:Gledhill D. 1985.
827:. Fireweed is the
802:Cicely Mary Barker
765:
763:features fireweed.
641:
612:Deilephila elpenor
590:Second World War.
564:
553:
448:Growing on granite
424:Close-up of flower
271:rosebay willowherb
2795:
2794:
2045:Taxon identifiers
2036:
2035:
1621:. Hot Key Books.
1457:10.1111/evo.12065
1236:978-1-60239-692-0
1166:978-1-4027-6715-9
1088:10.1111/plb.12328
1033:978-1-85619-377-1
1027:, Richard Mabey,
1011:978-0-5213-6675-5
967:978-0-912861-83-8
927:978-0-521-49346-8
900:978-0-9560144-0-5
711:Pacific Northwest
689:Camellia sinensis
661:provitamin A
511:The generic name
502:
240:
239:
234:
223:
16:(Redirected from
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2375:Panartic Flora:
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2335:
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2332:NBNSYS0000003598
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2110:
2109:
2097:
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2085:
2072:
2071:
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2040:
2013:Purple saxifrage
1982:Western red lily
1873:
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1459:
1450:(6): 1780–1791.
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1412:"Fireweed Honey"
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:whatsupyukon.com
1388:"Fireweed Jelly"
1383:
1377:
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1338:
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1259:Angier, Bradford
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1025:Flora Britannica
1022:
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978:
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971:
941:
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911:
905:
904:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
866:
860:. Archived from
855:
845:
734:. A white form,
732:ornamental plant
680:C. angustifolium
576:forest clearings
546:C. angustifolium
523:specific epithet
500:
457:
445:
433:
421:
348:
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334:
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67:
66:
53:
39:
21:
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2818:Flora of Europe
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1715:. February 2019
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652:Native American
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599:
572:pioneer species
539:
518:Nerium oleander
509:
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2010:
2003:Mountain avens
1999:
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1972:Blue flag iris
1969:
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1952:White trillium
1949:
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1732:External links
1730:
1727:
1726:
1700:
1680:
1659:
1653:978-0333037232
1652:
1634:
1628:978-1471401749
1627:
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1418:. 10 June 2020
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1229:. p. 54.
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982:"Chamaenerion"
973:
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926:
906:
899:
877:
850:BSBI List 2007
839:
838:
836:
833:
809:of the Wayside
807:Flower Fairies
804:'s 1948 book
792:is set during
752:
749:
743:
740:
657:vitamin C
632:
629:
598:
595:
550:Swan Lake Fire
538:
535:
508:
505:
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501:(Mosquin) Hoch
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1366:Russia Beyond
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1274:0-8117-0616-8
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1202:0-394-50432-1
1198:
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1132:
1129:
1124:
1122:9781482254211
1118:
1115:. CRC Press.
1114:
1113:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Plant Biology
1062:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1034:
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1026:
1021:
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902:
896:
892:
888:
881:
878:
867:on 2015-06-26
863:
859:
852:
851:
844:
841:
834:
832:
830:
829:floral emblem
826:
822:
818:
817:county flower
813:
810:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
762:
761:Flag of Yukon
757:
750:
748:
741:
739:
737:
733:
728:
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723:
718:
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712:
708:
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681:
676:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
648:
646:
637:
630:
628:
626:
625:
624:Hyles lineata
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
604:
596:
594:
591:
588:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
561:
557:
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536:
534:
532:
527:
526:angustifolium
524:
520:
519:
514:
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499:
495:
492:
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489:angustifolium
486:
483:
482:
481:
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295:
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253:
250:
246:
245:
233:
228:
225:
220:
217:
216:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
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168:
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156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
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120:
119:
116:
113:
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107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Tracheophytes
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2808:Chamaenerion
2497:
2052:
2022:
1823:. Retrieved
1809:
1803:
1794:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1739:
1717:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1688:
1683:
1672:. Retrieved
1662:
1643:
1637:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1532:
1525:
1511:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1482:
1447:
1441:
1431:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:beeswiki.com
1415:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:
1355:
1342:
1333:
1330:Lyons, C. P.
1324:
1310:
1301:
1291:
1263:
1253:
1225:. New York:
1221:
1211:
1192:
1183:
1155:. New York:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1111:
1104:
1074:(1): 56–62.
1071:
1067:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1024:
1002:
997:
986:. Retrieved
976:
945:
916:
909:
886:
880:
869:. Retrieved
862:the original
849:
843:
814:
805:
797:
789:
787:
772:
766:
745:
735:
729:
726:
719:
704:
697:
694:
687:
679:
677:
673:
649:
642:
622:
618:Hyles gallii
616:
610:
600:
592:
584:
580:
565:
545:
531:forest fires
525:
521:, while the
516:
513:Chamaenerion
512:
510:
497:
493:
488:
484:
475:
407:monophyletic
402:
399:Chamaenerion
398:
373:
369:
366:Chamaenerion
365:
363:
359:
351:asymmetrical
324:
320:anastomosing
299:
281:
277:
270:
266:
243:
242:
241:
226:
218:
189:
187:
171:
170:
159:Chamaenerion
158:
121:
108:
95:
82:
42:
36:
2736:kew-2790112
2633:iNaturalist
2401:kew-2715792
2314:NatureServe
2239:iNaturalist
2077:Wikispecies
1996:Territories
1806:(L.) Holub"
1719:10 December
1540:23 February
717:in Europe.
607:Lepidoptera
597:Pollination
498:circumvagum
463:on a flower
391:zygomorphic
296:Description
102:Angiosperms
2802:Categories
2731:Plant List
2470:WisFlora:
2396:Plant List
2114:Calflora:
1825:2012-10-05
1759:(fireweed)
1750:(fireweed)
1674:2019-08-16
1563:(1): 1–7.
1422:2021-09-24
1397:2019-07-11
988:2024-04-26
958:10088/7611
871:2014-10-17
835:References
831:of Yukon.
783:Old Forest
568:calcareous
478:subspecies
380:hypanthium
263:Onagraceae
259:willowherb
252:herbaceous
148:Onagraceae
2599:240010106
2513:Q12217056
2205:242312173
2192:200015078
1942:Mayflower
1892:Wild rose
1885:Provinces
1577:0045-5067
1443:Evolution
1371:7 January
1245:277203364
1175:244766414
825:Plantlife
794:the Blitz
560:Porcupine
507:Etymology
403:Epilobium
375:Epilobium
370:Chamerion
249:perennial
166:Species:
72:Kingdom:
2769:VASCAN:
2762:23200120
2757:Tropicos
2707:PalDat:
2664:11193813
2544:BioLib:
2537:51302815
2507:Wikidata
2460:VASCAN:
2453:23201032
2448:Tropicos
2365:PalDat:
2319:2.146640
2270:11114432
2257:611405-1
2107:51302815
2062:Wikidata
2023:Fireweed
1713:Yukon.ca
1693:Archived
1619:Fireweed
1535:'Album'"
1494:24 April
1466:23730769
1332:(1956).
1261:(1974).
1219:(2009).
1157:Sterling
1096:25754608
790:Fireweed
665:Denaʼina
472:Taxonomy
384:subequal
275:synonyms
267:fireweed
210:Synonyms
144:Family:
138:Myrtales
115:Eudicots
2651:92411-2
2612:3189143
2568:Ecocrop
2301:MoBotPF
2218:3188783
2138:Ecocrop
2068:Q160104
1519:(WSSA).
1474:9272692
1076:Bibcode
751:Culture
698:In the
684:Koporye
537:Ecology
496:subsp.
487:subsp.
387:stamens
344:⁄
330:⁄
309:⁄
261:family
257:in the
154:Genus:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
2697:NZOR:
2690:164212
2638:146845
2586:176075
2560:196522
2524:149274
2521:APDB:
2440:210071
2409:PLANTS
2378:520201
2306:297622
2283:510710
2231:410680
2179:chaang
2176:FEIS:
2094:149266
2091:APDB:
1836:
1793:NCBI:
1650:
1625:
1575:
1472:
1464:
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