80:
2613:
479:
2171:
1980:
1650:
2588:
924:
1820:, the LDS Church did not ordain men or boys who were of black African descent. The LDS Church does not ordain women to any of its priesthood offices. The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ), the second largest denomination of the movement, began ordaining women to all of its priesthood offices in 1984. This decision was one of the reasons that led to a schism in the church, which prompted the formation of the independent
2327:
2633:
1343:
1228:
106:. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the "priesthood", a term which also may apply to such persons collectively. A priest may have the duty to hear confessions periodically, give marriage counseling, provide prenuptial counseling, give spiritual direction, teach
1695:
traditional
Catholic governance of deacon, presbyter, and bishop. The Lutheran archbishops of Finland, Sweden, etc. and Baltic countries are the historic national primates and some ancient cathedrals and parishes in the Lutheran church were constructed many centuries before the Reformation. Indeed, ecumenical work within the Anglican Communion and among Scandinavian Lutherans mutually recognize the
62:
2230:
1746:
1213:
47:
3754:
1507:
465:
2197:(fire, water, soil, wood, and metal p. 53) school of ancient Chinese philosophy, as they relate to marriage, death, festival cycles, and so on. The Taoist priest seeks to share the benefits of meditation with his or her community through public ritual and liturgy (p. 326). In the ancient priesthood before the Tang, the priest was called
2797:"sector ministry", that is to say that they specialize in a certain area of ministry within the local church, for example youth work, hospital work, or ministry to local light industry. They may also hold some diocesan appointment part-time. In most (though not all) cases, an assistant priest has the legal status of
191:. The question of which religions have a "priest" depends on how the titles of leaders are used or translated into English. In some cases, leaders are more like those that other believers will often turn to for advice on spiritual matters, and less of a "person authorized to perform the sacred rituals." For example,
1694:
in order to dismiss the medieval
Christian belief that Christians were to be divided into two classes: "spiritual" and "temporal" or non-spiritual. Conservative Lutheran reforms are reflected in the theological and practical view of the ministry of the church. Much of European Lutheranism follows the
788:
in which the gods were believed to take up residence and performing other rituals for their benefit. Little is known about what training may have been required of priests, and the selection of personnel for positions was affected by a tangled set of traditions, although the pharaoh had the final say.
2827:
or temple (either a high priestess or high priest) often appoints an assistant. This assistant is often called a 'deputy', but the more traditional terms 'maiden' (when female and assisting a high priestess) and 'summoner' (when male and assisting a high priest) are still used in many denominations.
2644:
The dress of religious workers in ancient times may be demonstrated in frescoes and artifacts from the cultures. The dress is presumed to be related to the customary clothing of the culture, with some symbol of the deity worn on the head or held by the person. Sometimes special colors, materials, or
1796:
and apostles were performed by the power of the priesthood, including the miracles of Jesus, who holds all of the keys of the priesthood. The priesthood is formally known as the "Priesthood after the Order of the Son of God", but to avoid the too frequent use of the name of deity, the priesthood is
2796:
An assistant priest is a priest in the
Anglican and Episcopal churches who is not the senior member of clergy of the parish to which they are appointed, but is nonetheless in priests' orders; there is no difference in function or theology, merely in 'grade' or 'rank'. Some assistant priests have a
2712:
Distinctive clerical clothing is less often worn in modern times than formerly, and in many cases it is rare for a priest to wear it when not acting in a pastoral capacity, especially in countries that view themselves as largely secular in nature. There are frequent exceptions to this however, and
247:
In many religions, being a priest or priestess is a full-time position, ruling out any other career. Many
Christian priests and pastors choose or are mandated to dedicate themselves to their churches and receive their living directly from their churches. In other cases, it is a part-time role. For
2652:
Occasionally, the celebrants at religious ceremonies shed all clothes in a symbolic gesture of purity. This was often the case in ancient times. An example of this is shown to the left on a Kylix dating from c. 500 BC where a priestess is featured. Modern religious groups tend to avoid such
1427:". Thus marriage is a sacrament administered by the couple to themselves, but may be witnessed and blessed by a deacon, or priest (who usually administers the ceremony). In the East, Holy Baptism and Marriage (which is called "Crowning") may be performed only by a priest. If a person is baptized
158:
or deities of the religion to which they subscribe, often interpreting the meaning of events and performing the rituals of the religion. There is no common definition of the duties of priesthood between faiths; but generally it includes mediating the relationship between one's congregation,
1584:
traditions, have allowed the ordination of women as priests (referred to as "priests" not "priestesses") in some provinces since 1971. This practice remains controversial, however; a minority of provinces (10 out of the 38 worldwide) retain an all-male priesthood. Most
1179:
community in Israel had little direct contact with other Jewish groups after the destruction of the temple and developed separately for almost two thousand years. While some Beta Israel now follow
Rabbinical Jewish practices, the Ethiopian Jewish religious tradition
2747:), which is often worn by worshipers during religious rites. Among those traditions of Wicca that do dictate a specific form of dress for its clergy, they usually wear the traditional tunic in addition to other articles of clothing (such as an open-fronted
3670:
Leppänen also became the first woman from the
Conservative Laestadian movement (a revival movement within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland) to be ordained as a priest in 2012. The first female priests were ordained in Finland 32 years
2604:, several denominations of the religion have begun to develop a core group of ordained priestesses and priests serving a larger laity. This trend is far from widespread, but is gaining acceptance due to increased interest in the religion.
1481:
In
Orthodoxy, the normal minimum age is thirty (Can. 11 of Neocaesarea) but a bishop may dispense with this if needed. In neither tradition may priests marry after ordination. In the Catholic Church, priests in the Latin Church must be
2735:, there is no one specific form of dress designated for the clergy. If there is, it is a particular of the denomination in question, and not a universal practice. However, there is a traditional form of dress, (usually a floor-length
4435:
2490:
may be named Ifáyemi. This traditional culture continues to this day as initiates from all around the world return to
Nigeria for initiation into the priesthood, and varied derivative sects in the New World (such as
2599:
beliefs, every member of the religion is considered a priestess or priest, as it is believed that no person can stand between another and the divine. However, in response to the growing number of Wiccan temples and
804:
High-ranking priestly roles were usually held by men. Women were generally relegated to lower positions in the temple hierarchy, although some held specialized and influential positions, especially that of the
2201:("libationer" p. 550), with both male and female practitioners selected by merit. The system gradually changed into a male only hereditary Taoist priesthood until more recent times (p. 550,551).
3382:
1805:
paid tithes). As an authority, the priesthood is the authority by which a bearer may perform ecclesiastical acts of service in the name of God. Latter Day Saints believe that acts (and in particular,
3274:, University of Texas Press, 1996, pp. 4–5, 9, 20 (historical overview and Aventine priesthoods), 84–89 (functions of plebeian aediles), 104–106 (women as priestesses): citing among others Cicero,
4428:
2129:
While only men have traditionally been ordained as priests in the past, recent developments such as feminism in India have led to the opening of training schools for women to become priests.
134:. The necessity to read sacred texts and keep temple or church records helped foster literacy in many early societies. Priests exist in many religions today, such as all or some branches of
1613:
is the official title of a member of the presbyterate in every
Anglican province worldwide (retained by the Elizabethan Settlement), the ordination rite of certain provinces (including the
442:, was coined in the 17th century, to refer to female priests of the pre-Christian religions of classical antiquity. In the 20th century, the word was used in controversies surrounding the
1431:(i.e., when in fear of immediate death), only the actual threefold immersion together with the scriptural words may be performed by a layperson or deacon. The remainder of the rite, and
1423:
may be celebrated by anyone. The
Vatican catechism states that "According to Latin tradition, the spouses as ministers of Christ's grace mutually confer upon each other the sacrament of
3699:
In Finland, a priest of the Lutheran church is forbidden to reveal a secret received in confession and in the course of pastoral counselling; a similar rule applies to Orthodox priests.
3711:
1494:, but in neither case may they marry after ordination, even if they become widowed. Candidates for bishop are chosen only from among the celibate. Orthodox priests will either wear a
2482:
are titled Babalorisa for men and Iyalorisa for women. Initiates are also given an Orisa or Ifá name that signifies under which deity they are initiated. For example, a Priestess of
4421:
3498:
in 1980, said Grandon, director of catechetics for the diocese. His family life will remain the same, he said. Contrary to popular misunderstandings, he won't have to be celibate.
1703:. Likewise in America, Lutherans have embraced the apostolic succession of bishops in the full communion with Episcopalians and most Lutheran ordinations are performed by a bishop.
578:), were top-ranking priests who were distinguished with special ceremonial attire and held equal status to high priests. They owned property, transacted business, and initiated the
4038:
1576:—bishops, priests, and deacons who are not members of religious orders—are permitted to marry before or after ordination (although in most provinces they are not permitted to
2664:
among many ranks of contemporary priests when they officiate may be interpreted to express the ancient traditions of the cultures from which their religious practices arose.
1825:
1102:
2717:
often instructed Catholic priests and religious to always wear their distinctive (clerical) clothing, unless wearing it would result in persecution or grave verbal attacks.
2162:, the priesthood is reserved for men and is a mostly hereditary position, but women have been ordained in Iran and North America as a mobedyar, meaning an assistant mobed.
1813:
4142:
2863:
2816:) of a parish in the pastoral care of parishioners. Normally, all pastors are also ordained priests; occasionally an auxiliary bishop will be assigned that role.
1690:
1903:
All Mandaean communities traditionally require the presence of a priest, since priests are required to officiate over all important religious rituals, including
2617:
443:
179:
in faiths where such a concept exists. Administering religious building grounds and office affairs and papers, including any religious library or collection of
175:
of the faith at any regular worship service, and mediating and easing the experience of grief and death at funerals – maintaining a spiritual connection to the
3100:
3792:
1454:
minimum age is twenty-five. Bishops may dispense with this rule and ordain men up to one year younger. Dispensations of more than a year are reserved to the
1714:, ordained presbyters are referred to by various publications, including Finnish ones, as pastors, or priests. In the United States, denominations like the
4388:
2709:(Russian). If a pectoral cross has been awarded it is usually worn with street clothes in the Russian tradition, but not so often in the Greek tradition.
1596:
includes priests who consider themselves no different in any respect from those of the Roman Catholic Church, and a minority who prefer to use the title
3075:
3652:
273:
In some religions, being a priest or priestess is by human election or human choice. In Judaism, the priesthood is inherited in familial lines. In a
1137:, have been retained. Especially in Orthodox Judaism, kohanim remain subject to a number of restrictions concerning matters related to marriage and
2713:
many priests rarely if ever go out in public without it, especially in countries where their religion makes up a clear majority of the population.
1846:
priesthood. There are, however, a variety of academic and administrative offices which have evolved to assist Muslims with this task, such as the
2671:, a distinctive form of street dress. Even within individual traditions it varies considerably in form, depending on the specific occasion. In
1711:
4200:
4167:
4118:
3933:
3906:
3879:
3852:
3692:
3360:
3151:
3026:
1971:. The position is not hereditary, and any Mandaean male who is highly knowledgeable about religious matters is eligible to become a priest.
1337:
596:. They were recruited from the highest families in the land and were supposed to remain childless, owned property, and transacted business.
847:, drawn from women of local and Roman elites. It was the only public priesthood attainable by Roman matrons and was held in great honor.
4523:
4046:
3793:"Reading the Story of Miriai on Two Levels: Evidence from Mandaean Anti-Jewish Polemic about the Origins and Setting of Early Mandaeism"
1060:, the great-grandfather of Aaron) and in twenty-four instances are called by scripture as such. In Hebrew, the word for "priesthood" is
960:
4247:
2612:
1715:
79:
3983:
2882:
1444:
1435:, must still be performed by a priest, if the person survives. The only sacrament which may be celebrated only by a bishop is that of
317:
1486:
except under special rules for married clergy converting from certain other Christian confessions. Married men may become priests in
3995:
3962:
3767:
3426:
3239:
3209:
3059:
2313:
1333:
1075:
KWN/KON כ-ו-ן 'to stand, to be ready, established' in the sense of "someone who stands ready before God", and has cognates in other
478:
446:, who are referred to as "priests", irrespective of gender, and the term priestess is generally considered archaic in Christianity.
50:
3491:
1710:
has a threefold ministry of bishop, priest, and deacon and those ordained to the presbyterate are referred to as priests. In the
1273:, began in the 6th century to be used of presbyters, and is today commonly used of presbyters, distinguishing them from bishops.
1108:
3348:
2781:
In ancient Judaism, the Priests (Kohanim) had a whole class of Levites as their assistants in making the sacrifices, in singing
1459:
624:
1809:) performed by one with priesthood authority are recognized by God and are binding in heaven, on earth, and in the afterlife.
4533:
4528:
4518:
4075:
2251:
1759:
1404:
4223:
645:
or a priestess. In several other Sumerian city-states, the ruling governor or king was also a head priest with the rank of
3559:
1817:
1806:
1769:
84:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
1963:
priests who had initiated them. Priestly lineages, which are distinct from birth lineages, are typically recorded in the
4019:
1586:
814:
4370:
4272:
3530:
780:. He delegated this duty to priests, who were effectively bureaucrats authorized to act on his behalf. Priests staffed
668:; at one point, the Nippur priesthood conferred the title of queen of Sumer on Kugbau, a popular taverness from nearby
4448:
2980:
2194:
2149:, pouring libations into the sacred fire to the accompaniment of ritual chants. The Mobad also prepare drinks for the
1669:
1602:
in order to distance themselves from the more sacrificial theological implications which they associate with the word
1388:
1221:
950:
123:
39:
2294:
1812:
There is some variation among the Latter Day Saint denominations regarding who can be ordained to the priesthood. In
4293:
3459:
3110:
3051:
2687:. The collar may be either a full collar or a vestigial tab displayed through a square cutout in the shirt collar.
2266:
2170:
1773:
416:
3511:
3079:
2240:
3472:
1765:
1491:
1419:
is normally performed by several priests (ideally seven), but may be performed by one if necessary. In the West,
850:
A Roman matron was any mature woman of the upper class, married or unmarried. Females could serve public cult as
769:
4319:
1662:
1561:
773:
119:
3494:
priests, many of them married, have become Roman Catholic priests since a "pastoral provision" was created by
2273:
1407:
are also administered by priests, though in the Western tradition Confirmation is ordinarily celebrated by a
126:, priests have existed since the earliest of times and in the simplest societies, most likely as a result of
4344:
3267:
3123:
2470:
hierarchy of priests and priestesses that dates to AD 800–1000. Ifá priests and priestesses bear the titles
2247:
1735:
1649:
1634:
221:
200:
32:
2620:
and live in the Netherlands, wear distinctive clothing which distinguishes them from other clergy, whether
167:
and rites. These often include blessing worshipers with prayers of joy at marriages, after a birth, and at
2872:
2402:, for many rites. The maidens may either be family members in training, apprentices, or local volunteers.
1979:
1816:(LDS Church), all worthy males above the age of 12 can be ordained to the priesthood. However, prior to a
1529:
1313:
4405:
3439:
2868:
2280:
1964:
1396:
1392:
131:
806:
1324:, but the dictionary does deal with the above-mentioned terms under the entry for "Sheep, Shepherd.".
2720:
Christian traditions that retain the title of priest also retain the tradition of special liturgical
2690:
2672:
2637:
1821:
1696:
1569:
1537:
1463:
1317:
1120:
790:
127:
1768:, the priesthood is the power and authority of God given to man, including the authority to perform
1450:
In these traditions, only men who meet certain requirements may become priests. In Catholicism, the
3477:
2786:
2587:
2262:
1885:
1877:
1321:
1080:
988:
968:
826:
810:
527:
338:
4136:
3169:
2946:
1525:
1293:
1289:
1152:
1083:
984:
664:
249:
163:, and other members of the religious body, and its deity or deities, and administering religious
4413:
3630:
1911:, birth and wedding ceremonies. Priests also serve as teachers, scribes, and community leaders.
4373:
of the problem of Roman Catholic and Old Catholic reunion with respect to the female priesthood
1498:
similar to the above-mentioned, or simply a very loose black robe that does not have a collar.
4489:
4196:
4190:
4163:
4157:
4124:
4114:
4071:
4001:
3991:
3987:
3958:
3929:
3923:
3902:
3896:
3875:
3848:
3773:
3763:
3688:
3495:
3422:
3356:
3235:
3205:
3157:
3147:
3141:
3105:
3055:
3043:
3022:
2938:
2771:
2714:
2668:
2406:
1614:
1581:
1577:
1519:
1487:
1483:
1424:
1364:
1346:
1281:
1247:
1160:
1138:
1134:
1076:
928:
923:
836:
727:
631:
were priestesses in temples dedicated to Inanna and may be a reference to the goddess herself.
560:
551:
520:
3869:
1776:. Priesthood denotes elements of both power and authority. The priesthood includes the power
4513:
4251:
3291:
3127:
2930:
2801:, although not all assistant curates are priests, as this legal status also applies to many
2423:
1707:
1654:
1475:
1231:
1144:
1116:
1111:, and (therefore) the cessation of the daily and seasonal temple ceremonies and sacrifices,
884:
498:
95:
2724:
worn only during services. Vestments vary widely among the different Christian traditions.
2104:
2024:
community. Priests are ordained and trained as well. There are two types of Hindu priests,
244:
sense to describe the religious mediators of an unknown or otherwise unspecified religion.
3181:
2877:
2809:
2756:
2693:
priests mostly retain the traditional dress of two layers of differently cut cassock: the
2679:
has become the nearly universal feature of priestly clerical clothing, worn either with a
2676:
2549:
2529:
2072:
1869:
1863:
1781:
1718:
use the terms "reverend" and "pastor" interchangeably for ordained members of the clergy.
1533:
1495:
1400:
1277:
1156:
1019:
781:
684:
647:
601:
356:
267:
196:
2636:
Priestess officiating before an altar while nude to demonstrate purity, Attic red-figure
2544:
1151:. Kohanim do not perform roles of propitiation, sacrifice, or sacrament in any branch of
718:
specialized in the arts of dancing, music, and singing and they served in the temples of
793:, when temples owned great estates, the high priests of the most important cult—that of
662:
and its temple priesthood generally meant hegemony over most of Sumer, as listed on the
3657:
3588:
3225:
3195:
3015:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2159:
1968:
1785:
1772:
and to act as a leader in the church. A body of priesthood holders is referred to as a
1700:
1658:
1630:
1573:
1467:
1376:
1372:
1342:
1320:" to refer to their pastors. The Christian term "priest" does not have an entry in the
992:
891:
555:
454:
299:
263:
72:
4382:
3545:
1892:
initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious texts hold the title
4507:
4377:
2887:
2646:
2601:
2459:
2439:
2375:
2186:
2175:
1843:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1235:
1201:
1049:
851:
642:
468:
342:
290:
216:
168:
2287:
1227:
987:
to consecrate the priests "for all of eternity". During the times of the two Jewish
423:
is the minister who both presides and instructs a Christian congregation, while the
110:, or visit those confined indoors, such as the sick in hospitals and nursing homes.
3406:
3323:
2858:
2684:
2524:
2467:
2214:
2011:
1673:
1593:
1549:
1384:
1148:
1129:
964:
872:
832:
680:
669:
579:
472:
389:
241:
139:
3609:
2645:
patterns distinguish celebrants, as the white wool veil draped on the head of the
2515:
2373:. A kannushi is the person responsible for the maintenance of a Shinto shrine, or
266:, however, being a priest consisted merely of offering periodic sacrifices to the
61:
4399:
3229:
3199:
523:, the priesthood also acted on behalf of the deities in managing their property.
4484:
4469:
2812:
is "parochial vicar" – an ordained priest assigned to assist the pastor (Latin:
2563:
2528:(literally "Father of saint" in English), or "babalorixá" (a word borrowed from
2495:
2415:
2229:
1798:
1626:
1545:
1511:
1432:
1412:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1176:
1072:
756:
349:
334:
298:, the term for "elder", especially elders of Jewish or Christian communities in
270:
gods and goddesses; it was not a full-time role, nor did it involve ordination.
212:
208:
180:
67:
54:
17:
3567:
1784:
to perform miracles such as the casting out of devils and the healing of sick (
1745:
1212:
883:, giving her a prominence unusual for a woman in the male-dominated culture of
4474:
3871:
A Brief Introduction To Hinduism: Religion, Philosophy, And Ways Of Liberation
3819:
2838:
2326:
1638:
1557:
1436:
1239:
995:
offerings and sacrifices within the temples; these offerings are known as the
956:
840:
785:
568:
508:
367:
278:
160:
102:
of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more
4297:
4128:
4005:
2942:
4444:
3954:
3777:
2966:, College Edition, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland OH, s.v. "priest"
2853:
2775:
2519:
2210:
1915:
1873:
1598:
1541:
1451:
1380:
1368:
1350:
1305:
1270:
1197:
1124:
512:
432:
428:
294:
274:
184:
176:
107:
3161:
1478:
and can work anywhere in the world that their specific community operates.
1411:. In the East, Chrismation is performed by the priest (using oil specially
1367:
acts reserved to priests in these traditions are the administration of the
585:
4108:
2379:, purificatory rites, and for leading worship and veneration of a certain
1888:). All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with
854:
but few were chosen, and then only from young maidens of the upper class.
46:
4479:
2975:
2790:
2740:
2721:
2661:
2471:
2339:
1994:
1931:
1739:
1565:
1455:
1301:
1243:
1217:
1181:
997:
932:
906:
876:
752:
695:
487:
151:
143:
2450:
order of priestesses existed throughout the Heian and Kamakura periods.
4464:
2950:
2918:
2843:
2680:
2511:
2499:
2475:
2463:
2076:, a ritualistic offering of various items to the gods, the waving of a
2050:
2021:
1947:
1923:
1908:
1904:
1889:
1802:
1793:
1506:
1471:
1420:
1416:
1204:. The Samaritan kohanim have retained their role as religious leaders.
1112:
1053:
902:
777:
743:
732:
699:
491:
464:
254:
183:, is also commonly a responsibility – for example, the modern term for
135:
2919:"Georges Dumézil and the Trifunctional Approach to Roman Civilization"
2767:
In many religions, there are one or more layers of assistant priests.
3295:
2897:
2802:
2798:
2789:. The Priests and the Levites were in turn served by servants called
2538:
2330:
2190:
2056:
2026:
1985:
1897:
1851:
1837:
1731:
1727:
1553:
1408:
1266:
1254:
1087:
898:
895:
880:
879:. The priestess retained her role when the temple was rededicated to
868:
864:
798:
748:
736:
719:
709:
673:
659:
652:
612:
589:
539:
535:
531:
516:
337:, and only from Old English reached other Germanic languages via the
227:
192:
188:
164:
147:
99:
2934:
2487:
1592:
As Anglicanism represents a broad range of theological opinion, its
1159:. The principal religious function of any kohanim is to perform the
154:. They are generally regarded as having privileged contact with the
4192:
Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
2995:
Epistle to the Philippians; a revised text, with introduction, etc.
2082:
or oil lamp also called an offering in light, known in Hinduism as
1824:
movement from which other denominations have sprung, including the
2892:
2848:
2824:
2820:
2782:
2752:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2657:
2631:
2611:
2596:
2586:
2479:
2325:
2179:
2169:
2151:
2145:
2138:
2108:
2084:
2066:
2032:
2017:
1998:
1978:
1789:
1777:
1744:
1648:
1505:
1341:
1226:
1211:
1185:
1164:
1044:
1006:
976:
972:
939:
922:
634:
502:
483:
477:
463:
172:
155:
103:
78:
60:
45:
2193:" p. 488) act as interpreters of the principles of Yin-Yang
1316:, non-sacramental denominations are more likely to use the term "
2748:
2653:
symbolism and some may be quite uncomfortable with the concept.
2560:
2492:
2483:
2389:
2351:
2078:
2064:
performs rituals in a temple. These rituals include bathing the
2044:
2038:
1847:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1026:
980:
794:
755:, presided over sacrifices and participated in the festivals of
593:
259:
4417:
3440:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – The sacrament of Matrimony"
2640:
by Chairias, c. 510–500 BC, Ancient Agora Museum in Athens
2143:
A Zoroastrian priest are called a Mobad and they officiate the
2999:
2223:
4398:
4381:
2430:
priestesses usually were elected from royalty. In principle,
322:
307:
3818:
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik – USEK (27 November 2017),
698:
were sacred prostitutes usually associated with the goddess
1749:
1898 depiction of the Restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood
1621:
Even though both words mean 'elders' historically the term
867:
was the title of a priestess at the very ancient temple of
638:
2502:) use the same titles to refer to their officers as well.
1617:) recognizes the breadth of opinion by adopting the title
27:
Person authorized to lead the sacred rituals of a religion
2755:) as a distinctive form of religious dress, similar to a
1147:
regard the kohanim as being held in reserve for a future
1115:
have become much less prominent. In traditional Judaism (
187:
in a secular office refers originally to the duties of a
3845:
The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history
3355:. Vol. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 348.
1265:, which Christians had since the 3rd century applied to
289:
The word "priest", is ultimately derived from Latin via
3653:"Gallery: Turku makes history with first female bishop"
2964:
Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
1580:). The Anglican churches, unlike the Roman Catholic or
1568:(although there are exceptions, such as priests in the
2410:
were female relatives of the Japanese emperor (termed
2111:(sacrifices) outside of the temple. There are special
1048:, etc. Jewish families with these names belong to the
991:, the Aaronic priests performed the daily and special
435:, performs "mediatorial offices between God and man".
3143:
A History of Medicine: Primitive and ancient medicine
2548:("Mother of saint"), also referred to as "ialorixá" (
1253:
With the spread of Christianity and the formation of
240:
are sufficiently generic that they may be used in an
4224:"The Cuban priestesses defying religious patriarchy"
4039:"Sedreh Pooshi by Female Mobedyar in Toronto-Canada"
3980:
The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research
3387:(Paulist Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-8091-3551-6), p. 128"
2434:
remained unmarried, but there were exceptions. Some
1458:(Can. 1031 §§ 1, 4.) A Catholic priest must be
455:
https://webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/priest
4250:. Paganwiccan.about.com. 2014-03-04. Archived from
3951:
Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs and practices
3928:. State University of New York Press. p. 324.
3234:. Cornell University Press. pp. 42–47, 52–53.
3204:. Cornell University Press. pp. 32–36, 89–92.
2793:. These lowest level of servants were not priests.
2254:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1826:
Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1619:
The Ordination of Priests (also called Presbyters).
1103:
List of disqualifications for the Jewish priesthood
333:It is possible that the Latin word was loaned into
3014:
2778:served in temples as assistants to the priestess.
2616:Some clergy and religious, such as these, who are
2070:s (the statues of the gods/goddesses), performing
1133:(redemption of a first-born son) ceremony and the
530:, and in Ancient Greece, some priestesses such as
366:, apparently derived from Latin independently via
4020:"The Jury Is Still Out On Women as Parsi Priests"
3473:"Peoria diocese ordains its first married priest"
3405:An example of the use of "presbyter" is found in
2478:for women. Priests and priestesses of the varied
1959:Priests have lineages based on the succession of
1387:and Byzantine traditions, respectively), and the
1163:, although an individual kohen may also become a
931:gesture depicted on a mosaic in the synagogue of
835:and throughout Italy, the ancient sanctuaries of
83:Bronze statue of an Egyptian priest, 6th c. BCE,
38:"Priesthood" redirects here. For other uses, see
1589:churches do not ordain women to the priesthood.
1304:to a ministerial position through receiving the
772:, the right and obligation to interact with the
3748:
3746:
3744:
3349:"Priest, Priesthood 3. Roman Catholicism"
2591:Wiccan priestess preaching in the United States
1814:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1560:. Although Anglican priests who are members of
1312:, although "presbyter" is also used. Since the
3756:The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people
3278:, 2.4.108; Valerius Maximus, 1.1.1; Plutarch,
2864:List of fictional clergy and religious figures
2805:working as assistants in a parochial setting.
2395:
2366:
2345:
1691:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
1676:doctrine derived from several passages of the
809:, whose religious importance overshadowed the
708:served in the temples of the Sumerian goddess
403:That English should have only the single term
4429:
4320:"The Garb Of The Clergy – Pagan Christianity"
3898:The Growth of Religious Diversity: Traditions
3820:"Open discussion with the Sabaeans Mandaeans"
2618:Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross
2178:with a customer outside of Changchun Temple,
8:
4392:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3736:The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis
3146:. Vol. 1. Horatius Press. p. 376.
1415:by a bishop) immediately after Baptism, and
315:, the regular Latin word for "priest" being
2667:In most Christian traditions, priests wear
1797:referred to as the Melchizedek priesthood (
4436:
4422:
4414:
4294:"The Priesthood – Temple of the Good Game"
4141:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3589:"Ministry and Ministries – Svenska kyrkan"
3531:"Male bishops speak out on female priests"
3417:Vancil, Jack W. (1992). "Sheep, Shepherd"
2103:, on the other hand, performs rituals and
1872:refers to an ordained religious leader in
1188:to refer to a type non-hereditary cleric.
957:the departure of the Israelites from Egypt
784:throughout Egypt, giving offerings to the
449:Webster's 1829 Dictionary stated "PRIEST,
362:. Old High German also has the disyllabic
258:, a word meaning "priest". As seen in the
2314:Learn how and when to remove this message
1788:9:1). Latter Day Saints believe that the
1548:province restricts the administration of
526:Priestesses in antiquity often performed
3687:. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
3256:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
3078:. cf.blueletterbible.org. Archived from
1276:Today, the term "priest" is used in the
1167:or other professional religious leader.
620:), literally "divine lady", a priestess.
588:served as priestesses in the temples of
444:women ordained in the Anglican communion
2909:
2486:may be named Osunyemi, and a Priest of
2466:practice an indigenous religion with a
1466:in order to engage in public ministry.
1196:Aaronic Kohanim also officiated at the
219:, such as Methodists and Baptists, use
4195:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 451.
4189:Walter, M.N.; Fridman, E.J.N. (2004).
4134:
4037:Khosraviani, Mahshad (June 19, 2013),
3407:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1554
3177:
3167:
1712:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
1379:(the terms for the celebration of the
515:to a deity, often in highly elaborate
3922:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2010-03-10).
3762:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1474:, whereas religious priests live the
1462:by his bishop or his major religious
1353:with his family (three generations),
609:in Akkadian, is the sign for "lady."
7:
4409:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4068:The Encyclopedia of Taoism, Volume 1
3978:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993),
3651:Sequeira, Tahira (8 February 2021).
3076:"Hebrew Lexicon :: H6948 (KJV)"
2997:, 2nd ed. 1869, p. 184, cited after
2871:, decree on the priesthood from the
2414:) who served as High Priestesses in
2252:adding citations to reliable sources
2020:priest traditionally comes from the
1914:There are three types of priests in
1338:Priesthood (Eastern Orthodox Church)
1004:In Hebrew, the word for "priest" is
894:was the priestess presiding over an
3925:A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition
3421:New York: Doubleday. 5, 1187–1190.
3298:tractate Maaser Sheini p. 31a.
3254:Doxey, Denise M., "Priesthood", in
2387:are aided by another priest class,
1625:has been more associated with the "
1371:, including the celebration of the
801:—were important political figures.
688:
4162:. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications.
4018:Wadia, Arzan Sam (March 9, 2011),
3312:. pp. Entry "כֹּהֵן" (Kohen).
2883:Ritualism in the Church of England
2570:, while female priests are called
1680:. It is a foundational concept of
1637:" has been more commonly used in "
1532:is largely the same as within the
875:. She was widely credited for her
739:after "six days and seven nights."
735:, a temple prostitute, tamed wild
396:"one put over others", from Latin
25:
4397:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4296:. Goodgame.org.nz. Archived from
4156:Asante, M.K.; Mazama, A. (2009).
3901:. Psychology Press. p. 197.
3847:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
3843:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010).
3753:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).
3631:"Women ordained for thirty years"
1334:Priesthood in the Catholic Church
1328:Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
1269:and only in a secondary sense to
98:authorized to perform the sacred
4345:"How Should Pagan Clergy Dress?"
4318:Kennerson, Robert (2022-12-17).
4159:Encyclopedia of African Religion
3471:Miller, Michael (May 17, 2008).
2542:); its female equivalent is the
2228:
2115:who perform only funeral rites.
1657:prepares for the celebration of
1300:to refer to those who have been
1109:destruction of the Second Temple
623:In Sumerian epic texts such as "
431:, or in a Christian context the
415:came to be seen as a problem in
4222:AfricaNews (October 10, 2022).
3984:McGill-Queen's University Press
3512:"Should women ever be bishops?"
2239:needs additional citations for
2205:Indigenous and ethnic religions
1935:"treasurers" (from Old Persian
1347:Married Eastern Orthodox priest
625:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
546:Ancient priests and priestesses
4110:A History of the Yoruba People
3591:. Svenskakyrkan.se. 2021-09-20
3308:Even-Shoshan, Avraham (2003).
2808:The corresponding term in the
2510:In Brazil, the priests in the
2337:The Shinto priest is called a
1801:being the high priest to whom
1760:Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)
1716:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
1668:The general priesthood or the
1578:marry a person of the same sex
905:, a historical kingdom in the
843:were invariably led by female
1:
3683:Doe, Norman (4 August 2011).
2506:Afro-Latin American religions
2360:, sometimes referred to as a
2333:priest and priestess in Japan
1880:, priests are referred to as
1697:historic apostolic legitimacy
1570:Anglican Order of Cistercians
1354:
572:
380:cognate with Old High German
85:Ephesus Archaeological Museum
4343:Beckett, John (2017-02-12).
4045:, Parsi News, archived from
3868:Herman, A. L. (2018-05-04).
3353:Encyclopedia of Christianity
3351:. In Erwin Fahlbusch (ed.).
3231:The Priests of Ancient Egypt
3201:The Priests of Ancient Egypt
2917:Momigliano, Arnaldo (1984).
2701:(Russian) beneath the outer
1524:The role of a priest in the
1443:, "Laying-on of Hands"), or
658:Control of the holy city of
486:and burning their groves on
376:An alternative theory makes
306:ultimately represents Greek
207:, as with certain synods of
4449:Assyrian Church of the East
3544:Anglican Church of Canada.
3419:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
3383:"Dennis Chester Smolarski,
3258:(2001), vol. III, pp. 69–70
3140:Prioreschi, Plinio (1996).
3017:The Mythology of Sex – Ch.3
2981:Online Etymology Dictionary
1684:. It is this doctrine that
1670:priesthood of all believers
1389:Sacrament of Reconciliation
951:Priesthood (ancient Israel)
511:, a priest administers the
438:The feminine English noun,
400:"person placed in charge".
252:the chieftains were titled
215:, though other branches of
124:Proto-Indo-European society
40:Priesthood (disambiguation)
4550:
4524:Religious leadership roles
4066:Pregadio, Fabrizio (2008)
3791:McGrath, James F. (2010).
3738:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3716:www.paramountchristian.org
3685:Law and Religion in Europe
3510:Emma John (July 4, 2010).
3324:"Klein Dictionary, כֹּהֵן"
3052:Cambridge University Press
2566:, a male priest is called
2208:
2136:
2009:
1861:
1835:
1757:
1641:" or Evangelical circles.
1517:
1331:
1100:
1018:), hence the family names
983:instructs Moses to make a
948:
937:
871:that was dedicated to the
824:
672:(who was later deified as
564:
496:
417:English Bible translations
323:
308:
171:, teaching the wisdom and
29:
4455:
3874:. Routledge. p. 52.
3560:"The Protestant Heritage"
3347:Garhammer, Erich (2005).
2595:According to traditional
2396:
2367:
2346:
1951:"disciples" (Neo-Mandaic
1766:Latter Day Saint movement
1653:A Lutheran priest of the
1492:Eastern Catholic Churches
770:ancient Egyptian religion
482:Roman soldiers murdering
341:to the continent, giving
71:(thunderbolt-carrier), a
4107:Akintoye, S. A. (2010).
3895:Parsons, Gerald (1993).
2574:or "mothers of wisdom".
2356:, originally pronounced
1730:often have the title of
1633:wing, whereas the term "
1502:Anglican or Episcopalian
1470:are incardinated into a
694:, derived from the root
120:trifunctional hypothesis
4389:Encyclopædia Britannica
3564:Encyclopædia Britannica
3310:Even-Shoshan Dictionary
3272:The Roman goddess Ceres
3268:Barbette Stanley Spaeth
3046:Reading Sumerian Poetry
2785:and in maintaining the
2442:of the emperor, called
1322:Anchor Bible Dictionary
1296:, and some branches of
1127:functions, such as the
975:, the elder brother of
969:patrileneal descendants
582:with priests and kings.
576: 23rd century BCE
217:Protestant Christianity
130:surplus and consequent
33:Priest (disambiguation)
3566:. 2007. Archived from
3280:De Mulierum Virtutibus
3042:Black, Jeremy (1998).
3013:Dening, Sarah (1996).
2873:Second Vatican Council
2656:The retention of long
2641:
2629:
2592:
2350:, lit. "Master of the
2334:
2182:
2002:
1927:"leader of the people"
1792:miracles performed by
1750:
1665:
1530:Free Church of England
1515:
1360:
1314:Protestant Reformation
1250:
1224:
935:
494:
475:
248:example, in the early
87:
76:
58:
4534:Religious terminology
4529:Religious occupations
4519:Ecclesiastical titles
4406:Catholic Encyclopedia
4324:Wilmington For Christ
3949:Boyce, Mary (2001) .
3712:"Paramount Christian"
3546:"Minister or Priest?"
2993:Joseph B. Lightfoot,
2869:Presbyterorum Ordinis
2635:
2615:
2590:
2522:religions are called
2329:
2209:Further information:
2173:
1982:
1818:policy change in 1978
1748:
1652:
1534:Roman Catholic Church
1514:priest in choir dress
1509:
1397:Anointing of the Sick
1363:The most significant
1345:
1261:(hiereus), and Latin
1230:
1215:
1123:) a few priestly and
979:. In Exodus 30:22–25
963:were required by the
926:
497:Further information:
481:
467:
132:social stratification
82:
64:
49:
3982:, Montreal, Quebec:
3734:Drower, E. S. 1960.
3633:. evl.fi. 1988-03-06
3124:Strong's Concordance
2673:Western Christianity
2248:improve this article
2122:also functions as a
1822:Restoration Branches
1688:adduces in his 1520
1538:Eastern Christianity
1395:. The sacraments of
1121:Conservative Judaism
1119:and to some extent,
989:Temples in Jerusalem
811:High Priests of Amun
791:New Kingdom of Egypt
460:Historical religions
31:For other uses, see
3478:Peoria Journal Star
2739:and a knotted cord
2731:religions, such as
2400:, "shrine maidens")
2189:(道士 "master of the
2096:are often married.
1939:"id.," Neo-Mandaic
1878:Mandaean scriptures
1838:Clergy § Islam
1663:Strängnäs Cathedral
1587:Continuing Anglican
1248:Republic of Georgia
1084:KHN 𐤊𐤄𐤍 "priest"
914:Abrahamic religions
827:College of Pontiffs
528:sacred prostitution
339:Anglo-Saxon mission
321:, corresponding to
281:by its priesthood.
264:Hrafnkell Freysgoði
4113:. Dakar, Senegal.
4049:on October 9, 2014
3799:. pp. 583–592
3529:Sulaiman Kakaire.
3130:'s Lexicon (1857).
2923:History and Theory
2823:, the leader of a
2675:, the stiff white
2642:
2630:
2593:
2335:
2183:
2174:A fortune-telling
2003:
1751:
1666:
1526:Anglican Communion
1516:
1361:
1294:Church of the East
1290:Oriental Orthodoxy
1251:
1225:
1153:Rabbinical Judaism
985:holy anointing-oil
936:
807:God's Wife of Amun
665:Sumerian King List
599:The Sumerian word
495:
490:, as described by
476:
364:priester, priestar
250:history of Iceland
88:
77:
59:
4498:
4497:
4490:Sign of the cross
4202:978-1-57607-645-3
4169:978-1-4129-3636-1
4120:978-2-35926-005-2
4080:at Google books:
4070:Psychology Press
3935:978-0-7914-8011-3
3908:978-0-415-08326-3
3881:978-0-429-98238-5
3854:978-1-59333-621-9
3694:978-0-19-960401-2
3496:Pope John Paul II
3362:978-0-8028-2416-5
3153:978-1-888456-01-1
3106:Blue Letter Bible
3028:978-0-02-861207-2
2772:Ancient Near East
2715:Pope John Paul II
2691:Eastern Christian
2669:clerical clothing
2446:in Japanese. The
2324:
2323:
2316:
2298:
2118:In many cases, a
1975:Eastern religions
1754:Latter Day Saints
1615:Church of England
1582:Eastern Christian
1520:Anglican ministry
1488:Eastern Orthodoxy
1282:Eastern Orthodoxy
1257:, the Greek word
1161:Priestly Blessing
1135:Priestly Blessing
1077:Semitic languages
1056:– descended from
1014:, plural כּהנִים
929:Priestly Blessing
927:Kohanim's hands:
728:Epic of Gilgamesh
521:Ancient Near East
201:Eastern Orthodoxy
197:Roman Catholicism
118:According to the
16:(Redirected from
4541:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4393:
4385:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4132:
4104:
4098:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3761:
3750:
3739:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:on June 14, 2006
3556:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3487:
3486:
3468:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3436:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3385:Sacred Mysteries
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3292:Jerusalem Talmud
3289:
3283:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3137:
3131:
3122:, incorporating
3121:
3119:
3118:
3109:. Archived from
3101:"Strong's H6948"
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3010:
3004:
2991:
2985:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2914:
2799:assistant curate
2763:Assistant priest
2401:
2399:
2398:
2383:. Additionally,
2372:
2370:
2369:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2256:
2232:
2224:
1708:Church of Sweden
1655:Church of Sweden
1562:religious orders
1544:in almost every
1476:consecrated life
1359:
1356:
1232:Eastern Orthodox
1184:) uses the word
1175:The traditional
1145:Orthodox Judaism
1117:Orthodox Judaism
1067:The Hebrew word
885:classical Greece
776:belonged to the
690:
650:
641:was an Akkadian
630:
615:
608:
604:
577:
574:
566:
558:
499:Vedic priesthood
326:
325:
311:
310:
96:religious leader
51:Catholic priests
43:
36:
21:
18:Episcopal priest
4549:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4540:
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4538:
4504:
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4499:
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4376:
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4353:
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4101:
4065:
4061:
4052:
4050:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4024:parsikhabar.net
4017:
4016:
4012:
3998:
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3797:ARAM Periodical
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3367:
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3363:
3346:
3345:
3341:
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3330:
3328:www.sefaria.org
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3290:
3286:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3226:Sauneron, Serge
3224:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3196:Sauneron, Serge
3194:
3193:
3189:
3176:
3166:
3154:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3116:
3114:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:. p. 142.
3041:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2992:
2988:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2935:10.2307/2505078
2916:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2878:Priest shortage
2834:
2810:Catholic Church
2765:
2743:, known as the
2677:clerical collar
2610:
2585:
2580:
2508:
2456:
2422:also served at
2393:
2364:
2343:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2257:
2255:
2245:
2233:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2168:
2141:
2135:
2014:
2008:
1989:performing the
1977:
1870:Mandaean priest
1866:
1864:Mandaean priest
1860:
1840:
1834:
1762:
1756:
1724:
1647:
1556:, just as with
1522:
1504:
1496:clerical collar
1468:Secular priests
1401:Extreme Unction
1357:
1340:
1332:Main articles:
1330:
1278:Catholic Church
1234:priest wearing
1210:
1194:
1173:
1157:Karaite Judaism
1149:restored Temple
1105:
1099:
1093:كاهن "priest".
1071:comes from the
953:
947:
942:
921:
916:
860:
829:
823:
766:
646:
628:
610:
606:
600:
592:in the city of
575:
554:
548:
534:, priestess at
505:
462:
357:Old High German
287:
277:, a society is
242:anthropological
185:clerical duties
122:of prehistoric
116:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4547:
4545:
4537:
4536:
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4526:
4521:
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4496:
4495:
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4487:
4482:
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4472:
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4462:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4400:"Priest"
4394:
4383:"Priest"
4380:, ed. (1911).
4378:Chisholm, Hugh
4374:
4366:
4365:External links
4363:
4361:
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3658:Helsinki Times
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2986:
2968:
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2929:(3): 312–330.
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2764:
2761:
2647:Vestal Virgins
2609:
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2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2537:Father of the
2507:
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2498:and Brazilian
2455:
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2236:
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2227:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2203:
2187:Taoist priests
2167:
2164:
2160:Zoroastrianism
2137:Main article:
2134:
2133:Zoroastrianism
2131:
2107:(sacraments),
2010:Main article:
2007:
2004:
1976:
1973:
1969:Mandaean texts
1957:
1956:
1944:
1928:
1896:or in Arabic '
1862:Main article:
1859:
1856:
1833:
1830:
1758:Main article:
1755:
1752:
1723:
1720:
1701:full communion
1646:
1643:
1631:Anglo-Catholic
1574:secular clergy
1540:, except that
1518:Main article:
1503:
1500:
1391:, also called
1377:Divine Liturgy
1329:
1326:
1220:priest during
1209:
1206:
1193:
1190:
1172:
1169:
1098:
1097:Modern Judaism
1095:
1010:(singular כהן
993:Jewish-holiday
961:ancient Israel
949:Main article:
946:
943:
938:Main article:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
892:Phrygian Sibyl
888:
859:
858:Ancient Greece
856:
852:Vestal Virgins
822:
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765:
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761:
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723:
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507:In historical
461:
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300:late antiquity
286:
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73:Newar Buddhist
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4346:
4339:
4336:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4311:
4300:on 2014-07-02
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4275:. Patheos.com
4274:
4268:
4265:
4254:on 2014-08-26
4253:
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4043:parsinews.net
4040:
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4021:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:0-7735-1144-X
3993:
3989:
3985:
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3964:0-415-23902-8
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3769:0-19-515385-5
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3506:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:Matthew 28:19
3456:
3453:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:0-385-19363-7
3424:
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3414:
3411:
3408:
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3388:
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3364:
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3288:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3241:0-8014-8654-8
3237:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3211:0-8014-8654-8
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
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3188:
3183:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3113:on 2018-08-29
3112:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3082:on 2012-07-10
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3061:0-485-93003-X
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3021:. Macmillan.
3019:
3018:
3009:
3006:
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2928:
2924:
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2913:
2910:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Sacerdotalism
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
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2860:
2857:
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2800:
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2562:
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2555:
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2546:
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2540:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
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2517:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:Yoruba people
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2392:
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2378:
2377:
2363:
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2353:
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2341:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2315:
2307:
2304:February 2012
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265: –
2264:
2260:
2259:Find sources:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2237:This article
2235:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:Taoist priest
2172:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:, before the
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2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:
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2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:Islam has no
1839:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
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1810:
1808:
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1800:
1795:
1791:
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1729:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:Martin Luther
1683:
1682:Protestantism
1679:
1678:New Testament
1675:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
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1600:
1595:
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1588:
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1339:
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1315:
1311:
1307:
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1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:epitrachelion
1233:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:Mount Gerizim
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:ritual purity
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:tribe of Levi
1047:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
967:to be direct
966:
962:
959:, priests in
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952:
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796:
792:
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3111:the original
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1550:confirmation
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1480:
1460:incardinated
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1428:
1421:Holy Baptism
1405:Confirmation
1362:
1275:
1262:
1258:
1252:
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1208:Christianity
1195:
1192:Samaritanism
1174:
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1130:pidyon haben
1128:
1106:
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965:Law of Moses
954:
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803:
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731:, priestess
726:
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681:Hebrew Bible
663:
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580:hieros gamos
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450:
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390:Vulgar Latin
385:
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293:
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237:
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226:
220:
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181:sacred texts
140:Christianity
128:agricultural
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4485:Holy Leaven
4470:Chrismation
4371:Description
4053:October 10,
3829:10 December
3803:10 December
3126:(1890) and
2705:(Greek) or
2697:(Greek) or
2462:of western
2416:Kamo Shrine
1993:rituals in
1799:Melchizedek
1645:Lutheranism
1627:High Church
1445:Holy Orders
1441:cheirotonia
1433:Chrismation
1429:in extremis
1413:consecrated
1358: 1893
1310:Holy Orders
1298:Lutheranism
1286:Anglicanism
1177:Beta Israel
1171:Beta Israel
815:Late Period
786:cult images
757:Anthesteria
751:matrons of
747:, fourteen
538:, acted as
398:praepositus
350:Old Swedish
335:Old English
313:presbúteros
309:πρεσβύτερος
213:Anglicanism
209:Lutheranism
161:worshippers
114:Description
68:vajracharya
55:Rome, Italy
4508:Categories
4475:Absolution
4460:Priesthood
4445:Sacraments
4354:2022-12-20
4329:2022-12-20
4304:2014-08-25
4279:2014-08-25
4258:2014-08-25
4233:2022-12-20
4228:Africanews
4208:2015-07-25
4175:2015-07-25
4094:pp. 550–51
4090:pp. 326–29
4082:pp. 488–90
4076:0700712003
3986:, p.
3953:. London:
3721:2022-12-20
3637:2022-03-18
3616:2022-03-18
3610:"Parishes"
3595:2022-03-18
3574:2007-09-20
3490:About 100
3485:2013-06-14
3446:2015-07-25
3392:2014-08-25
3368:2012-06-20
3333:2020-08-01
3117:2018-08-29
3086:2015-07-25
2905:References
2839:Archpriest
2776:hierodules
2727:In modern
2699:podriasnik
2535:, meaning
2533:bàbálórìsà
2424:Ise Shrine
2274:newspapers
2195:5 elements
2158:In Indian
1941:ganzeḇrānā
1937:ganza-bara
1886:Naṣoraeans
1844:sacerdotal
1836:See also:
1807:ordinances
1770:ordinances
1726:Methodist
1639:Low Church
1558:ordination
1437:Ordination
1393:Confession
1369:Sacraments
1365:liturgical
1271:presbyters
1240:epimanikia
1200:temple on
1107:Since the
1101:See also:
1081:Phoenician
945:Historical
909:highlands.
896:Apollonian
877:prophecies
845:sacerdotes
841:Proserpina
825:See also:
616:(Akkadian
569:Enheduanna
509:polytheism
429:sacrifices
368:Old French
232:The terms
4137:cite book
4129:609888714
4086:pp. 53–54
4006:243566889
3955:Routledge
3518:. London.
3492:Episcopal
3276:In Verres
3180:ignored (
3170:cite book
2943:0018-2656
2854:Hieromonk
2722:vestments
2703:exorasson
2662:vestments
2626:religious
2554:iyálórìsà
2520:Quimbanda
2516:Candomblé
2362:shinshoku
2358:kamunushi
2211:Shamanism
2113:purohitas
2105:saṃskāras
2051:purohitas
1965:colophons
1961:ganzibria
1953:tarmidānā
1932:ganzibria
1916:Mandaeism
1882:Naṣuraiia
1874:Mandaeism
1858:Mandaeism
1780:gave his
1722:Methodism
1674:Christian
1599:presbyter
1542:canon law
1452:canonical
1425:Matrimony
1381:Eucharist
1373:Holy Mass
1351:Jerusalem
1306:sacrament
1242:(cuffs),
1222:Holy Mass
1198:Samaritan
1125:Levitical
907:Anatolian
716:Ishtaritu
706:Quadishtu
519:. In the
513:sacrifice
440:priestess
433:eucharist
421:presbyter
409:presbyter
304:presbyter
295:presbyter
285:Etymology
275:theocracy
238:priestess
177:afterlife
108:catechism
4480:Oblation
3778:65198443
3612:. evl.fi
3296:Mishnaic
3228:(2000).
3198:(2000).
3162:11639620
3128:Gesenius
2976:"priest"
2832:See also
2814:parochus
2791:Nethinim
2745:cingulum
2741:cincture
2602:churches
2572:Iyanifas
2564:Santería
2496:Santería
2472:Babalawo
2440:consorts
2385:kannushi
2340:kannushi
2263:"Priest"
2155:ritual.
2120:purohita
2101:purohita
2006:Hinduism
1995:Varanasi
1983:A Hindu
1967:of many
1948:tarmidia
1850:and the
1794:prophets
1790:Biblical
1782:apostles
1740:reverend
1736:minister
1635:minister
1566:celibate
1546:Anglican
1528:and the
1512:Anglican
1490:and the
1484:celibate
1464:superior
1456:Holy See
1302:ordained
1263:sacerdos
1255:parishes
1244:Mtskheta
1218:Catholic
1182:Haymanot
1062:kehunnah
998:korbanot
933:Enschede
753:Dionysus
749:Athenian
689:קְדֵשָׁה
561:Akkadian
552:Sumerian
488:Anglesey
425:sacerdos
413:sacerdos
371:presbtre
318:sacerdos
279:governed
222:minister
152:Hinduism
144:Buddhism
4514:Priests
4465:Baptism
4447:of the
3824:YouTube
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2500:Umbanda
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2468:chiefly
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2438:became
2288:scholar
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2057:pandits
2027:pujaris
2022:Brahmin
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1552:to the
1472:diocese
1417:Unction
1383:in the
1267:bishops
1113:kohanim
1079:, e.g.
1054:Levites
1016:kohanim
919:Judaism
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813:in the
789:In the
782:temples
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744:Gerarai
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725:In the
700:Asherah
679:In the
540:oracles
492:Tacitus
394:prevost
388:, from
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2090:murtis
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2048:) and
2042:, and
2033:swamis
1986:pujari
1924:rišama
1898:Sheikh
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1728:clergy
1623:priest
1611:priest
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1409:bishop
1403:) and
1292:, the
1259:ἱερεύς
1155:or in
1088:Arabic
955:After
899:oracle
881:Apollo
869:Delphi
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799:Karnak
737:Enkidu
720:Ishtar
710:Qetesh
692:qědēšā
685:Hebrew
674:Kubaba
660:Nippur
653:Lagash
629:nu-gig
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590:Inanna
586:Nadītu
536:Delphi
532:Pythia
517:ritual
484:druids
419:. The
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378:priest
360:priast
346:prestr
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193:clergy
189:cleric
150:, and
148:Shinto
92:priest
75:priest
57:, 2005
3760:(PDF)
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2947:JSTOR
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2737:tunic
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2729:Pagan
2707:riasa
2683:or a
2638:kylix
2608:Dress
2583:Wicca
2561:Cuban
2493:Cuban
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2436:Saiin
2432:Saiin
2428:Saiin
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2376:jinja
2295:JSTOR
2281:books
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2085:aarti
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2045:gurus
2039:yogis
2018:Hindu
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1385:Latin
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173:dogma
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4197:ISBN
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4143:link
4125:OCLC
4115:ISBN
4072:ISBN
4055:2014
4002:OCLC
3992:ISBN
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