597:
574:
892:-aspartate) locus of the HBV reverse transcriptase gene. The HBV reverse transcriptase gene is 344 amino acids long and occupies codons 349 to 692 on the viral genome. The most commonly encountered resistance mutations are M204V/I/S. The change in amino acid sequence from YMDD to YIDD results in a 3.2 fold reduction in the error rate of the reverse transcriptase, which correlates with a significant growth disadvantage of the virus. Other resistance mutations are L80V/I, V173L and L180M.
877:
therefore argued that there may be benefit in continuing lamivudine treatment even in the presence of high level resistance, because the resistant virus is "less fit". The COLATE study has suggested that there is no benefit to continuing lamivudine treatment in patients with lamivudine resistance. A better explanation of the data is that lamivudine continues to have a partial anti-viral effect even in the presence of the M184V mutation.
53:
1103:. It is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
5187:
4436:
906:
4426:
5227:
5215:
833:
Lamivudine (Epivir) is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV‑1 infection. Lamivudine (Epivir HBV) is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation.
1157:
for study of its toxicity. When used in combination with AZT, he discovered that lamivudine's negative form reduced side effects and increased the drug's efficiency at inhibiting reverse transcriptase. The combination of lamivudine and AZT increased the efficiency at inhibiting an enzyme HIV uses to
876:
claimed that the M184V mutation reduces "viral fitness", because of the finding that continued lamivudine treatment causes the HIV viral load to rebound but at a much lower level, and that withdrawal of lamivudine results in a higher viral load rebound with rapid loss of the M184V mutation; GSK
849:
of e-antigen positive hepatitis B and also improves histology staging of the liver. Long-term use of lamivudine leads to emergence of a resistant hepatitis B virus (YMDD) mutant. Despite this, lamivudine is still used widely as it is well tolerated.
2362:
3623:
5252:
2546:
3703:
3698:
2551:
4163:
2497:
5257:
1969:
2936:
187:
2133:
3628:
1114:, with which it is highly synergistic. Lamivudine treatment has been shown to restore zidovudine sensitivity of previously resistant HIV. Lamivudine showed no evidence of
727:
2503:
5124:
4168:
2561:
2481:
1842:
1149:
and Paul Nguyen-Ba at the
Montreal-based IAF BioChem International, Inc. laboratories in 1988 and the minus enantiomer isolated in 1989. Samples were first sent to
2566:
669:
4153:
2514:
1915:
85:
4158:
2536:
2520:
683:
4143:
1695:"A randomized trial to evaluate continuation versus discontinuation of lamivudine in individuals failing a lamivudine-containing regimen: the COLATE trial"
1106:
Lamivudine is administered by mouth, and it is rapidly absorbed with a bio-availability of over 80%. Some research suggests that lamivudine can cross the
3618:
2531:
807:
3678:
2541:
4592:
3708:
2975:
2808:
5117:
2452:
1206:
4107:
3673:
4173:
3565:
3509:
2907:
2798:
1178:
818:
4011:
3663:
3613:
5282:
4734:
4507:
2556:
4148:
3633:
2571:
1521:
1860:
1595:"Analysis of hepatitis B virus quasispecies changes during emergence and reversion of lamivudine resistance in liver transplantation"
5131:
4082:
3035:
2127:
1908:
1546:
1515:
953:
703:
5272:
5138:
2581:
2465:
1415:
1386:
802:, and worsening hepatitis B among those already infected. It is safe for people over three months of age and can be used during
5155:
5064:
3648:
3608:
3395:
3358:
2591:
2576:
2356:
2336:
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2239:
2227:
1248:
340:
217:
117:
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3643:
2471:
1232:
931:
859:
1304:
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4472:
1893:
1883:
1835:
3668:
2968:
1901:
1170:
445:
4429:
4652:
3942:
3653:
3638:
3526:
2924:
1035:
927:
553:
136:
5205:
3932:
1746:
994:
Do not prescribe lamivudine/zidovudine, abacavir/lamivudine, or abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine to patients taking
4829:
3558:
1565:
1481:
1449:
811:
752:
5166:
5059:
4833:
4716:
4602:
4502:
3008:
2748:
2658:
2526:
2487:
916:
784:
4612:
3782:
1107:
2953:
4597:
3595:
3514:
2961:
2912:
2508:
1238:
935:
920:
173:
592:
4883:
4672:
4642:
3954:
3129:
2586:
1821:
1163:
296:
31:
1327:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
711:
InChI=1S/C8H11N3O3S/c9-5-1-2-11(8(13)10-5)6-4-15-7(3-12)14-6/h1-2,6-7,12H,3-4H2,(H2,9,10,13)/t6-,7+/m1/s1
5277:
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2783:
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1945:
1212:
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865:
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in those who have been potentially exposed to HIV. Lamivudine is taken by mouth as a liquid or tablet.
494:
5267:
5262:
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1724:
1624:
1085:
822:
147:
4373:
4356:
1158:
reproduce its genetic material. As a result, lamivudine was identified as a less toxic agent to
817:
Lamivudine was patented in 1995 and approved for use in the United States in 1995. It is on the
2889:
2884:
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4916:
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4303:
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1511:
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1020:
1002:
972:
791:
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243:
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65:
30:"3TC" redirects here. For the three-coach British electric trains sometimes known as 3TC, see
5190:
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1706:
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369:
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5000:
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4026:
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1963:
1864:
1154:
1142:
1043:
873:
799:
286:
596:
573:
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5025:
4990:
4824:
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3520:
3302:
3072:
2987:
2918:
2694:
2676:
2639:
1924:
1798:
1773:
1693:
Fox Z, Dragsted UB, Gerstoft J, Phillips AN, Kjaer J, Mathiesen L, et al. (2006).
1670:
1643:
1061:
846:
5241:
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4196:
3979:
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3017:
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995:
795:
585:
256:
109:
1728:
1628:
52:
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4308:
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4127:
4020:
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3756:
3477:
3248:
3125:
3063:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2738:
2728:
2309:
2299:
2117:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2026:
2006:
1936:
1242:
1047:
1039:
776:
505:
200:
195:
35:
1300:
394:
95:
1880:"The Wide-Ranging Effects of Nucleoside Analogs:A Look at Mitochondrial Toxicity"
5033:
5010:
4682:
4219:
4112:
3876:
3833:
3818:
3774:
3575:
3486:
3378:
3344:
3330:
3325:
3120:
3081:
3077:
3068:
2864:
2839:
2778:
2763:
2758:
2422:
2389:
2304:
2284:
2079:
2059:
2038:
1985:
1953:
905:
838:
760:
103:
1879:
1711:
1694:
1611:
1594:
1012:
as this puts the baby at risk for HIV transmission and medication side effects.
5089:
5038:
4946:
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4712:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4567:
4286:
4201:
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2324:
2314:
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2213:
2208:
2196:
2180:
2170:
2150:
2112:
2022:
2010:
2002:
1861:"National Institutes of Health: Moving Research from the Bench to the Bedside"
1252:
1216:
1193:
Epivir-HBV tablets (GlaxoSmithKline; US only) for the treatment of hepatitis B
1174:
1115:
1111:
1053:
1024:
885:
772:
645:
425:
1593:
Cane PA, Mutimer D, Ratcliffe D, Cook P, Beards G, Elias E, Pillay D (1999).
1355:
1202:
3TC-HBV tablets (GlaxoSmithKline; Indonesia) for the treatment of hepatitis B
864:
In HIV, high level resistance is associated with the M184V/I mutation in the
5172:
4956:
4936:
4893:
4888:
4868:
4863:
4804:
4774:
4754:
4707:
4692:
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3868:
3482:
3433:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3274:
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3221:
3196:
3150:
3135:
3059:
2984:
2879:
2859:
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2753:
2733:
2666:
2622:
2379:
2294:
2279:
2202:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2107:
2084:
1997:
1416:"Epivir HBV- lamivudine tablet, film coated Epivir HBV- lamivudine solution"
1130:
1126:
studies in mice and rats at doses from 10 to 58 times those used in humans.
976:
889:
803:
319:
89:
1807:
1720:
1679:
1620:
1570:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
44:
1660:
1196:
Zeffix tablets (GlaxoSmithKline; UK only) for the treatment of hepatitis B
4941:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4878:
4814:
4809:
4784:
4764:
4749:
4744:
4647:
3400:
3293:
3170:
2874:
2259:
1789:
1226:
1089:
1057:
980:
881:
842:
780:
771:. It is typically used in combination with other antiretrovirals such as
756:
405:
131:
1578:
1141:
Racemic BCH-189 (the minus form is known as lamivudine) was invented by
414:
4911:
4873:
4855:
4819:
4779:
4759:
4739:
4607:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4481:
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4229:
4224:
4072:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3144:
3115:
3090:
3054:
2942:
2773:
2319:
2089:
1742:
1119:
1071:
function and do not prescribe this treatment to patients with impaired
880:
In hepatitis B, lamivudine resistance was first described in the YMDD (
380:
5226:
1507:
Therapy of Viral
Infections Volume 15 of Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
17:
4951:
4799:
4794:
4769:
4537:
4517:
3863:
3155:
2723:
2718:
968:
485:
324:
1387:"Epivir- lamivudine tablet, film coated Epivir- lamivudine solution"
1199:
3TC tablets (GlaxoSmithKline; South Africa) for the treatment of HIV
1190:
Epivir tablets (GlaxoSmithKline; US and UK) for the treatment of HIV
806:. The medication can be taken with or without food. Lamivudine is a
474:
3881:
3853:
2033:
1072:
1068:
1008:
HIV or HBV-infected women on lamivudine are warned to discontinue
984:
768:
764:
763:
when other options are not possible. It is effective against both
668:
659:
541:
4961:
1992:
1980:
465:
265:
237:
4454:
3547:
2957:
1897:
250:
126:
3543:
2017:
1932:
1334:
1093:
1016:
899:
1644:"Lamivudine resistance in children with chronic hepatitis B"
558:
2547:
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
158:
2552:
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
790:
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headaches,
4164:
2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in
Equatorial Guinea
2498:
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
1582:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
226:
1179:
819:
734:
4450:
1410:
1408:
5203:
1303:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1001:
Long-term use of lamivudine can trigger a resistant
5148:
5102:
5052:
4981:
4974:
4848:
4727:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4548:
4532:
4495:
4488:
4398:
4387:
4365:
4354:
4333:
4322:
4295:
4284:
4259:
4238:
4212:
4182:
4136:
4125:
4095:
4010:
3925:
3902:
3811:
3734:
3594:
3583:
3470:
3447:
3426:
3419:
3343:
3316:
3292:
3261:
3209:
3189:
3105:
3044:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2817:
2711:
2693:
2675:
2657:
2638:
2631:
2610:
2451:
2398:
2372:
2355:
2238:
2226:
2189:
2143:
2126:
2098:
2048:
1962:
1944:
657:
644:
608:
603:
584:
552:
524:
504:
484:
464:
444:
424:
404:
379:
359:
331:
318:
305:
295:
285:
277:
216:
211:
186:
172:
146:
116:
102:
84:
74:
64:
59:
5253:Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
1381:
1379:
1377:
837:Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic
2504:Dolutegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
1133:of 5–7 hours in adults and 2 hours in children.
1110:. Lamivudine is often given in combination with
868:gene as reported by Raymond Schinazi's group at
393:
5125:GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission
4169:2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania
2562:Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide
2482:Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
368:
2567:Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil
2053:(Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI))
1060:can occur many months after initiation of the
5258:World Health Organization essential medicines
4466:
4174:2024 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda
4154:2021 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea
3559:
2969:
2515:Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir alafenamide
1909:
1471:
1469:
1439:
1437:
8:
4159:2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana
2537:Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
2521:Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
1760:Stanford University Drug Resistance Database
1067:Use with caution for patients with impaired
513:
135:
43:
4144:1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany
3614:2013−2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic
1295:
1293:
1291:
1027:and lamivudine can experience liver damage.
934:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4978:
4632:
4625:
4492:
4473:
4459:
4451:
4395:
4362:
4330:
4292:
4133:
3591:
3566:
3552:
3544:
3423:
3041:
3031:
3022:
3013:
2976:
2962:
2954:
2635:
2532:Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
2369:
2235:
2140:
1916:
1902:
1894:
1560:
1558:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
808:nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
794:, and cough. Serious side effects include
595:
572:
433:
2542:Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
1797:
1710:
1669:
1659:
1610:
1577:
1092:. It can inhibit both types (1 and 2) of
954:Learn how and when to remove this message
453:
3695:Recent DR Congo outbreaks and epidemics
2809:Zinc finger protein transcription factor
783:. Lamivudine may be included as part of
5210:
5118:Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.
4087:(2019 miniseries based on Preston book)
1886:from the original on 16 September 2016.
1267:
708:
688:
568:
413:
345:
108:
4108:Ebola virus disease treatment research
1541:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 506.
1177:(AZT) and again in 2002. It is on the
1099:and also the reverse transcriptase of
841:at a lower dose than for treatment of
586:
42:
4593:Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques
1572:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1173:(FDA) in November 1995, for use with
534:
493:
350:4-Amino-1--1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
94:
7:
4425:
1524:from the original on 15 August 2016.
932:adding citations to reliable sources
540:
199:
4508:GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd
2557:Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
1778:The New England Journal of Medicine
1772:Koziel MJ, Peters MG (April 2007).
1034:to opportunistic infections (e.g.,
759:. It is also used to treat chronic
473:
384:
79:(−)-L-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine
4149:2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak
3634:United Nations Ebola Response Fund
2572:Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
1848:from the original on 16 June 2016.
1774:"Viral hepatitis in HIV infection"
1169:Lamivudine was approved by the US
814:and hepatitis B virus polymerase.
70:Epivir, Epivir-HBV, Zeffix, others
25:
5132:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
1056:disorders have been reported and
34:. For the format of cricket, see
5225:
5213:
5186:
5185:
5139:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
4434:
4424:
2945:. Formerly or rarely used agent.
2582:Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
2466:Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
1749:from the original on 1 July 2010
1307:from the original on 2 June 2016
1050:jirovecii [formerly P. carinii).
904:
626:
620:
51:
5156:Drug Industry Documents Archive
2749:Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
2592:Lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil
2577:Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
1535:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1249:Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir
1015:Patients who are infected with
967:Minor side effects may include
716:Key:JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-RQJHMYQMSA-N
5111:Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
2472:Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
1235:(with zidovudine and abacavir)
1233:Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
1209:with other HIV drugs such as:
860:Resistance mutation (virology)
638:
632:
614:
348:2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine
1:
1538:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1510:. Springer. 2015. p. 6.
1171:Food and Drug Administration
691:O=C1/N=C(/N)\C=C/N12O(SC2)CO
3943:Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
3639:Operation United Assistance
2347:Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)
1648:World Journal of Hepatology
1205:Lamivudine is available in
1036:Mycobacterium avium complex
5299:
5283:Drugs developed by GSK plc
2342:Tenofovir disoproxil (TDF)
1712:10.1177/135965350601100608
1612:10.1177/135965359900400101
1356:"3TC (lamivudine, Epivir)"
857:
810:and works by blocking the
755:used to prevent and treat
604:Chemical and physical data
29:
5181:
4613:Smith, Kline & French
4420:
3624:Reported cases and deaths
3504:
2902:
2363:Discovery and development
2134:Discovery and development
1970:Discovery and development
1566:World Health Organization
1482:European Medicines Agency
1450:European Medicines Agency
812:HIV reverse transcriptase
753:antiretroviral medication
724:
699:
679:
336:
50:
4603:S. E. Massengill Company
4503:GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
2659:Transcription inhibitors
2611:Pharmacokinetic boosters
2527:Dolutegravir/rilpivirine
2488:Cabotegravir/rilpivirine
2128:Protease Inhibitors (PI)
1642:Kasırga E (April 2015).
1030:The drug can trigger an
785:post-exposure prevention
5273:Hydroxymethyl compounds
4598:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
3427:Nucleic acid inhibitors
2943:initial regimen options
2509:Dolutegravir/lamivudine
1986:Enfuvirtide (ENF, T-20)
1964:Entry/fusion inhibitors
1239:Dolutegravir/lamivudine
1207:fixed-dose combinations
821:. It is available as a
2784:Portmanteau inhibitors
2677:Translation inhibitors
2587:Lamivudine/raltegravir
2357:Non-nucleoside (NNRTI)
2315:Islatravir (EFdA, ISL)
32:British Rail Class 438
5161:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
4588:Human Genome Sciences
4407:Huangjiao thamnovirus
4267:Marburg virus disease
3783:Taï Forest ebolavirus
3743:Bundibugyo ebolavirus
3462:Peginterferon alfa-2a
3411:Tenofovir alafenamide
2799:Synergistic enhancers
2597:Lamivudine/zidovudine
2477:Atazanavir/cobicistat
2453:Combined formulations
2290:Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)
2228:Reverse-transcriptase
2100:Maturation inhibitors
1859:Soderstrom J (2003).
1661:10.4254/wjh.v7.i6.896
1213:Lamivudine/zidovudine
1097:reverse transcriptase
1032:inflammatory response
866:reverse transcriptase
4558:Allen & Hanburys
4513:Stiefel Laboratories
4191:Marburg marburgvirus
3406:Tenofovir disoproxil
3392:Nucleotide analogues
3355:Nucleoside analogues
2640:Uncoating inhibitors
2493:Darunavir/cobicistat
2333:Nucleotide analogues
2251:Nucleoside analogues
2050:Integrase inhibitors
1929:antiretroviral drugs
1790:10.1056/NEJMra065142
928:improve this section
4103:Ebola virus disease
3609:1976 Zaire outbreak
3604:1976 Sudan outbreak
3107:Pyrimidine analogue
2632:Experimental agents
2602:Lopinavir/ritonavir
2461:Abacavir/lamivudine
2435:Elsulfavirine (ESV)
2270:Emtricitabine (FTC)
2156:Fosamprenavir (FPV)
1486:. 17 September 2018
1454:. 17 September 2018
1223:Abacavir/lamivudine
1108:blood–brain barrier
1080:Mechanism of action
246:(Prescription only)
47:
5065:Silas M. Burroughs
4608:SmithKline Beecham
4573:Burroughs Wellcome
3975:Thomas Eric Duncan
3531:Never to phase III
3457:Interferon alfa 2b
2929:Never to phase III
2075:Elvitegravir (EVG)
2070:Dolutegravir (DTG)
2065:Cabotegravir (CAB)
1836:"US Patent Office"
1822:"Hunting Down HIV"
845:. It improves the
823:generic medication
747:, commonly called
5201:
5200:
5098:
5097:
4970:
4969:
4844:
4843:
4544:
4543:
4448:
4447:
4416:
4415:
4383:
4382:
4374:Xilang striavirus
4350:
4349:
4318:
4317:
4304:Lloviu cuevavirus
4280:
4279:
4121:
4120:
3970:Pauline Cafferkey
3933:Ebola researchers
3873:
3757:Reston ebolavirus
3684:Ouse to Ouse Tock
3541:
3540:
3500:
3499:
3339:
3338:
3257:
3256:
3205:
3204:
3185:
3184:
2951:
2950:
2898:
2897:
2744:Diarylpyrimidines
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2423:Rilpivirine (RPV)
2407:diarylpyrimidines
2390:Delavirdine (DLV)
2285:Zalcitabine (ddC)
2242:nucleotide (NRTI)
2222:
2221:
2080:Raltegravir (RAL)
2060:Bictegravir (BIC)
2039:Fostemsavir (FTR)
1954:Lenacapavir (LEN)
1946:Capsid inhibitors
1878:Gilden D (2000).
1784:(14): 1445–1454.
1699:Antiviral Therapy
1599:Antiviral Therapy
1147:McGill University
1145:while at work at
1101:hepatitis B virus
1084:Lamivudine is an
1003:hepatitis B virus
964:
963:
956:
742:
741:
670:Interactive image
554:CompTox Dashboard
269:
254:
241:
229:
162:
129:
80:
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
5290:
5230:
5229:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5209:
5189:
5188:
5016:Patrick Vallance
4979:
4708:Wellbutrin/Zyban
4633:
4626:
4493:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4396:
4363:
4331:
4293:
4252:
4134:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4060:
4055:Executive Orders
4050:
4040:
4030:
3871:
3797:Zaire ebolavirus
3769:Sudan ebolavirus
3592:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3471:Multiple/unknown
3424:
3420:Multiple/general
3190:Not TK activated
3042:
3032:
3023:
3014:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2955:
2769:Hydroxycarbamide
2636:
2430:Doravirine (DOR)
2418:Etravirine (ETR)
2413:Dapivirine (DPV)
2385:Nevirapine (NVP)
2370:
2275:Lamivudine (3TC)
2265:Didanosine (ddI)
2236:
2209:Tipranavir (TPV)
2197:Atazanavir (ATV)
2181:Saquinavir (SQV)
2171:Nelfinavir (NFV)
2151:Amprenavir (APV)
2141:
2023:Ibalizumab (IBA)
1918:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1867:on 4 March 2016.
1863:. Archived from
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1422:. 17 August 2020
1412:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1331:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1164:retroviral drugs
1160:mitochondria DNA
1023:and are on both
989:nasal congestion
959:
952:
948:
945:
939:
908:
900:
870:Emory University
738:
737:
730:
672:
652:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
599:
588:
577:
576:
562:
560:
544:
538:
517:
497:
477:
457:
437:
417:
397:
387:
386:
372:
351:
310:
267:
264:
259:
252:
249:
239:
236:
228:
225:
203:
160:
157:
139:
128:
125:
112:
98:
78:
55:
48:
46:
21:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5224:
5214:
5212:
5204:
5202:
5197:
5177:
5144:
5094:
5048:
5044:Laurie Glimcher
5011:Manvinder Banga
5006:Roy M. Anderson
5001:Simon Dingemans
4983:
4966:
4840:
4723:
4617:
4550:
4540:
4528:
4523:ViiV Healthcare
4484:
4479:
4449:
4444:
4412:
4379:
4346:
4314:
4276:
4255:
4250:
4239:Popular culture
4234:
4213:Drug candidates
4208:
4178:
4117:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4066:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4027:Richard Preston
4024:
4012:Popular culture
4006:
3990:Matthew Lukwiya
3985:Sheik Umar Khan
3921:
3898:
3812:Drug candidates
3807:
3730:
3724:2021 North Kivu
3664:in Sierra Leone
3579:
3572:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3521:Clinical trials
3496:
3466:
3443:
3415:
3335:
3312:
3288:
3284:Podophyllotoxin
3253:
3201:
3181:
3101:
3046:Purine analogue
3027:
3003:
2982:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2919:Clinical trials
2894:
2845:Dexelvucitabine
2813:
2804:Tre recombinase
2707:
2689:
2671:
2667:Tat antagonists
2653:
2627:
2606:
2439:
2394:
2380:Efavirenz (EFV)
2359:
2351:
2280:Stavudine (d4T)
2241:
2229:
2218:
2203:Darunavir (DRV)
2185:
2176:Ritonavir (RTV)
2166:Lopinavir (LPV)
2161:Indinavir (IDV)
2130:
2122:
2094:
2052:
2044:
1998:Maraviroc (MVC)
1966:
1958:
1940:
1925:Antiviral drugs
1922:
1892:
1891:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1518:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1393:. 1 August 2020
1385:
1384:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1269:
1264:
1187:
1155:Yale University
1143:Bernard Belleau
1139:
1116:carcinogenicity
1082:
1044:cytomegalovirus
960:
949:
943:
940:
925:
909:
898:
874:GlaxoSmithKline
862:
856:
831:
800:lactic acidosis
733:
731:
728:(what is this?)
725:
720:
717:
712:
707:
706:
695:
692:
687:
686:
675:
650:
637:
631:
625:
619:
580:
556:
548:
520:
500:
480:
460:
440:
420:
400:
383:
375:
355:
352:
349:
344:
343:
308:
297:Protein binding
287:Bioavailability
279:Pharmacokinetic
273:
257:
207:
175:
168:
149:
142:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5296:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5222:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5163:
5158:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5080:Henry Wellcome
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5060:Thomas Beecham
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5026:Lynn Elsenhans
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4991:Philip Hampton
4987:
4985:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Goody's Powder
4914:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4583:Glaxo Wellcome
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4432:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4402:
4400:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4079:
4069:
4061:
4051:
4045:Ebola Syndrome
4041:
4031:
4025:(1995 book by
4016:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4002:
4000:Patrick Sawyer
3997:
3995:Mayinga N'Seka
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:Ameyo Adadevoh
3955:Ebola patients
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3929:
3927:
3926:Notable people
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3689:Womey massacre
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3123:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3073:Valganciclovir
3066:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:Cobicistat (c)
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Abacavir (ABC)
2246:
2244:
2240:Nucleoside and
2233:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2014:
2000:
1989:
1976:
1974:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1870:
1851:
1827:
1813:
1764:
1734:
1705:(6): 761–770.
1685:
1654:(6): 896–902.
1634:
1585:
1554:
1547:
1527:
1516:
1497:
1465:
1433:
1404:
1373:
1347:
1318:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1220:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1151:Yung-Chi Cheng
1138:
1135:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1062:antiretroviral
1051:
1028:
1013:
1006:
1005:(YMDD) mutant.
999:
992:
962:
961:
912:
910:
903:
897:
894:
855:
852:
847:seroconversion
830:
827:
740:
739:
722:
721:
719:
718:
715:
713:
710:
702:
701:
700:
697:
696:
694:
693:
690:
682:
681:
680:
677:
676:
674:
673:
665:
663:
655:
654:
648:
642:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
612:
606:
605:
601:
600:
590:
582:
581:
579:
578:
565:
563:
550:
549:
547:
546:
530:
528:
522:
521:
519:
518:
510:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
490:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
470:
468:
462:
461:
459:
458:
450:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
430:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
410:
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
390:
388:
377:
376:
374:
373:
365:
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
347:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
329:
328:
322:
316:
315:
312:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
275:
274:
272:
271:
262:
247:
234:
222:
220:
214:
213:
209:
208:
206:
205:
192:
190:
184:
183:
178:
176:administration
170:
169:
167:
166:
164:
154:
152:
144:
143:
141:
140:
122:
120:
114:
113:
106:
100:
99:
92:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5295:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5211:
5207:
5194:
5193:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:John K. Smith
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:Jesse Goodman
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Emma Walmsley
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4688:Paxil/Seroxat
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:Beecham Group
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:Predecessors,
4547:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:Miscellaneous
4258:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:Miscellaneous
4094:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Salome Karwah
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:William Close
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Brincidofovir
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:2020 Équateur
3717:
3715:
3714:Kivu epidemic
3712:
3710:
3709:2018 Équateur
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3439:Brincidofovir
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3238:early protein
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:DNA-synthesis
3024:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:Failed agents
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2685:Trichosanthin
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2623:Ritonavir (r)
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:used against
1930:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:9783527607495
1544:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1517:9783662467596
1513:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1477:"Zeffix EPAR"
1472:
1470:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:"Epivir EPAR"
1440:
1438:
1434:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:breastfeeding
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:emtricitabine
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
958:
955:
947:
937:
933:
929:
923:
922:
918:
913:This section
911:
907:
902:
901:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
878:
875:
871:
867:
861:
853:
851:
848:
844:
840:
835:
828:
826:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:liver disease
793:
792:feeling tired
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
736:
729:
723:
714:
709:
705:
698:
689:
685:
678:
671:
667:
666:
664:
661:
656:
649:
647:
643:
613:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
591:
589:
587:ECHA InfoCard
583:
575:
571:
570:DTXSID7023194
567:
566:
564:
555:
551:
543:
542:RCSB PDB
537:
532:
531:
529:
527:
523:
516:
512:
511:
509:
507:
503:
496:
492:
491:
489:
487:
483:
476:
472:
471:
469:
467:
463:
456:
452:
451:
449:
447:
443:
436:
432:
431:
429:
427:
423:
416:
412:
411:
409:
407:
403:
396:
392:
391:
389:
382:
378:
371:
367:
366:
364:
362:
358:
346:
342:
335:
330:
326:
323:
321:
317:
313:
311:
304:
301:Less than 36%
300:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
270: Rx-only
263:
260:
248:
245:
235:
233:
224:
223:
221:
219:
215:
210:
202:
197:
194:
193:
191:
189:
185:
182:
179:
177:
171:
165:
156:
155:
153:
151:
145:
138:
133:
124:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
69:
67:
63:
60:Clinical data
58:
54:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5278:Oxathiolanes
5248:Hepatotoxins
5191:
5167:Side Effects
5165:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5085:Andrew Witty
5070:Mahlon Kline
5021:Vivienne Cox
4834:
4790:H5N1 vaccine
4717:
4551:acquisitions
4489:Subsidiaries
4405:
4388:
4372:
4355:
4341:Mengla virus
4323:
4302:
4285:
4247:The Hot Zone
4245:
4189:
4128:Marburgvirus
4126:
4083:The Hot Zone
4081:
4071:
4059:(1996 novel)
4053:
4043:
4033:
4021:The Hot Zone
4019:
3965:Kent Brantly
3858:
3795:
3781:
3767:
3755:
3741:
3584:
3574:
3478:Filociclovir
3390:
3368:
3353:
3301:
3249:Tromantadine
3236:
3169:
3143:
3126:Trifluridine
3114:
3089:
3064:Valaciclovir
3053:
2939:
2739:Cyanovirin-N
2729:Calanolide A
2405:
2399:2 generation
2373:1 generation
2360:
2331:
2310:Elvucitabine
2300:Apricitabine
2274:
2249:
2190:2 generation
2144:1 generation
2131:
2118:Fipravirimat
2032:
2027:Semzuvolimab
2016:
2007:Cenicriviroc
1991:
1979:
1967:
1873:
1865:the original
1854:
1830:
1816:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1759:
1751:. Retrieved
1737:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1579:10665/325771
1569:
1537:
1530:
1506:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1480:
1456:. Retrieved
1448:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1395:. Retrieved
1390:
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1301:"Lamivudine"
1243:dolutegravir
1185:Formulations
1168:
1140:
1128:
1123:
1120:mutagenicity
1105:
1083:
1048:Pneumocystis
1040:tuberculosis
950:
941:
926:Please help
914:
896:Side effects
879:
863:
836:
832:
829:Medical uses
816:
789:
777:dolutegravir
748:
744:
743:
732:
726:
506:NIAID ChemDB
314:5 to 7 hours
307:Elimination
218:Legal status
212:Legal status
118:License data
40:
36:3TeamCricket
5268:Pyrimidones
5263:Nucleosides
5034:Judy Lewent
4440:Wikispecies
4390:Thamnovirus
4325:Dianlovirus
4251:(1995 book)
4113:Ebola River
4077:(2016 film)
4067:(2014 meme)
4049:(1996 film)
4039:(1995 film)
3877:Triazavirin
3834:Favipiravir
3576:Filoviridae
3517:from market
3487:Taribavirin
3379:Telbivudine
3345:Hepatitis B
3331:Tecovirimat
3326:Methisazone
3121:Idoxuridine
3082:Famciclovir
3078:Penciclovir
3069:Ganciclovir
3018:Herpesvirus
3009:Baltimore I
2990:(primarily
2940:recommended
2915:from market
2865:Lersivirine
2840:Capravirine
2779:Miltefosine
2764:Griffithsin
2759:Fosdevirine
2305:Censavudine
1935:(primarily
1605:(1): 7–14.
1490:28 November
1458:29 November
1426:28 November
1397:28 November
1162:than other
839:hepatitis B
761:hepatitis B
653: g·mol
593:100.132.250
370:134678-17-4
332:Identifiers
327:(circa 70%)
104:MedlinePlus
75:Other names
66:Trade names
5242:Categories
5103:Litigation
5090:Chris Gent
5039:Urs Rohner
4947:Parodontax
4755:Engerix-B
4568:Block Drug
4357:Striavirus
4287:Cuevavirus
4064:Ebola-chan
3948:Peter Piot
3915:rVSV-ZEBOV
3892:cAd3-ZEBOV
3859:Lamivudine
3659:in Nigeria
3649:in Liberia
3586:Ebolavirus
3492:Moroxydine
3449:Interferon
3369:Lamivudine
3318:Poxviridae
3308:Rifampicin
3279:Resiquimod
3243:Fomivirsen
3227:Letermovir
3217:Amenamevir
3176:Cytarabine
3161:Sorivudine
3130:+tipiracil
3096:Vidarabine
2988:antivirals
2870:Lodenosine
2850:Droxinavir
2835:Brecanavir
2830:Atevirdine
2794:Seliciclib
2789:Scytovirin
2703:Elipovimab
2648:TRIM5alpha
2325:Stampidine
2230:inhibitors
2214:TMC-310911
2113:BMS-955176
2011:Leronlimab
2003:Vicriviroc
1340:22 October
1262:References
1253:doravirine
1217:zidovudine
1175:zidovudine
1112:zidovudine
1054:Autoimmune
1025:interferon
944:March 2024
886:methionine
858:See also:
854:Resistance
773:zidovudine
745:Lamivudine
658:3D model (
646:Molar mass
526:PDB ligand
455:2T8Q726O95
426:ChemSpider
361:CAS Number
341:IUPAC name
137:Lamivudine
45:Lamivudine
5173:Study 329
4984:Directors
4982:Board of
4957:Sensodyne
4937:Nicorette
4894:Emergen-C
4889:ChapStick
4869:BC Powder
4864:Aquafresh
4805:Pandemrix
4775:Hepatyrix
4673:Flixonase
4653:Augmentin
4137:Outbreaks
3869:TKM-Ebola
3679:in the UK
3674:in the US
3644:in Guinea
3629:Responses
3596:Outbreaks
3527:Phase III
3515:Withdrawn
3483:Ribavirin
3434:Cidofovir
3384:Clevudine
3374:Lobucavir
3364:Entecavir
3275:Imiquimod
3232:Maribavir
3222:Docosanol
3197:Foscarnet
3151:Brivudine
3136:Edoxudine
3060:Aciclovir
3038:activated
3028:inhibitor
2985:DNA virus
2925:Phase III
2913:Withdrawn
2890:Telinavir
2885:Palinavir
2880:Mozenavir
2860:Emivirine
2855:Lasinavir
2825:Aplaviroc
2754:Foscarnet
2734:Ceragenin
2295:Amdoxovir
2108:Bevirimat
2085:BI 224436
1366:22 August
1131:half-life
1129:It has a
1075:function.
977:headaches
915:does not
890:aspartate
804:pregnancy
495:ChEMBL141
320:Excretion
309:half-life
174:Routes of
148:Pregnancy
96:Monograph
90:Drugs.com
5220:Medicine
5192:Category
4942:NiQuitin
4932:Nicoderm
4927:Lucozade
4922:Horlicks
4904:Excedrin
4879:Caltrate
4825:Shingrix
4815:Rabavert
4810:Pediarix
4785:Infanrix
4765:FluLaval
4750:Cervarix
4745:Boostrix
4728:Vaccines
4703:Ventolin
4693:Serlipet
4683:Lamictal
4678:Hycamtin
4663:Beconase
4622:Products
4035:Outbreak
3910:Vaccines
3887:Vaccines
3872:(failed)
3669:in Spain
3619:Timeline
3401:Adefovir
3303:assembly
3294:Vaccinia
3171:cytosine
2875:Loviride
1884:Archived
1843:Archived
1808:17409326
1747:Archived
1729:25783477
1721:17310820
1680:25937866
1629:35040816
1621:10682123
1568:(2019).
1522:Archived
1420:DailyMed
1391:DailyMed
1305:Archived
1227:abacavir
1090:cytidine
1086:analogue
1064:therapy.
1058:symptoms
981:diarrhea
882:tyrosine
843:HIV/AIDS
781:abacavir
757:HIV/AIDS
751:, is an
735:(verify)
406:DrugBank
188:ATC code
181:By mouth
163: B3
150:category
132:DailyMed
5232:Viruses
5206:Portals
4912:Geritol
4908:Flonase
4884:Centrum
4874:Biotene
4856:Actifed
4830:Twinrix
4820:Rotarix
4780:Hiberix
4760:Fluarix
4740:Bexsero
4698:Tagamet
4658:Avandia
4629:Current
4496:Current
4430:Commons
4399:Species
4366:Species
4334:Species
4296:Species
4272:Marburg
4230:FGI-106
4225:FGI-103
4220:BCX4430
4183:Species
4073:93 Days
3849:FGI-106
3844:FGI-104
3839:FGI-103
3819:BCX4430
3735:Species
3654:in Mali
3145:thymine
3116:uridine
3091:adenine
3055:guanine
2994:, also
2774:KP-1461
2320:Racivir
2090:MK-2048
1799:4144044
1753:23 July
1743:"Index"
1671:4411531
1311:31 July
1137:History
1124:in vivo
973:fatigue
936:removed
921:sources
610:Formula
415:DB00709
381:PubChem
261:Rx-only
258:WARNING
230::
204:)
198: (
196:J05AF05
134::
110:a696011
4975:People
4952:Ribena
4849:Former
4800:Menveo
4795:Kinrix
4770:Havrix
4735:Arexvy
4713:Zantac
4668:Boniva
4643:Advair
4636:Pharma
4538:Haleon
4533:Former
4518:Tesaro
4343:(MLAV)
3864:mAb114
3510:WHO-EM
3396:NtRTIs
3359:NARTIs
3156:FV-100
2908:WHO-EM
2724:BIT225
2719:Abzyme
2650:(gene)
2337:NtRTIs
2232:(RTIs)
1806:
1796:
1727:
1719:
1678:
1668:
1627:
1619:
1545:
1514:
1362:. 2014
1251:(with
1241:(with
1225:(with
1215:(with
969:nausea
779:, and
684:SMILES
651:229.25
515:000388
486:ChEMBL
475:D00353
325:Kidney
255:
242:
232:℞-only
130:
18:Epivir
5149:Other
5053:Other
4860:Advil
4578:Glaxo
4525:(85%)
3903:Drugs
3882:ZMapp
3854:JK-05
3829:DZNep
3762:RESTV
3347:(VII)
3210:Other
3000:D06BB
2996:S01AD
2712:Other
2695:BNAbs
2255:NRTIs
2034:gp120
1846:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1725:S2CID
1625:S2CID
1484:(EMA)
1452:(EMA)
1360:Catie
1073:liver
1069:renal
1038:, M.
985:cough
769:HIV-2
765:HIV-1
704:InChI
660:JSmol
533:3TC (
435:66068
395:60825
4962:Tums
4835:more
4718:more
4648:Alli
4309:LLOV
4202:RAVV
4197:MARV
3802:EBOV
3789:TAFV
3775:SUDV
3749:BDBV
3704:2017
3699:2014
2998:and
2937:DHHS
1993:CCR5
1981:gp41
1804:PMID
1755:2010
1717:PMID
1676:PMID
1617:PMID
1543:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1492:2020
1460:2020
1428:2020
1399:2020
1368:2022
1342:2023
1313:2016
1019:and
987:and
919:any
917:cite
767:and
536:PDBe
466:KEGG
446:UNII
281:data
86:AHFS
4899:Eno
4482:GSK
3263:HPV
2992:J05
2018:CD4
1937:J05
1933:HIV
1794:PMC
1786:doi
1782:356
1707:doi
1666:PMC
1656:doi
1607:doi
1574:hdl
1335:FDA
1153:of
1122:in
1118:or
1094:HIV
1088:of
1021:HCV
1017:HIV
930:by
749:3TC
559:EPA
385:CID
291:86%
244:POM
201:WHO
5244::
4832:…
4715:…
3523::
3267:MC
3036:TK
2921::
2025:,
2009:,
2005:,
1927::
1882:.
1841:.
1802:.
1792:.
1780:.
1776:.
1745:.
1723:.
1715:.
1703:11
1701:.
1697:.
1674:.
1664:.
1650:.
1646:.
1623:.
1615:.
1601:.
1597:.
1557:^
1520:.
1479:.
1468:^
1447:.
1436:^
1418:.
1407:^
1389:.
1376:^
1358:.
1333:.
1329:.
1270:^
1181:.
1166:.
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1042:,
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
872:.
825:.
798:,
775:,
624:11
539:,
266:EU
251:US
238:UK
227:CA
159:AU
127:US
5208::
4474:e
4467:t
4460:v
4311:)
4307:(
4029:)
3567:e
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3394:/
3361::
3357:/
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3277:/
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3241:(
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3174:(
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3119:(
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2935:°
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2517:°
2511:°
2500:°
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2361:(
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2335:/
2257::
2253:/
2205:°
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2021:(
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557:(
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240::
161::
88:/
38:.
20:)
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