60:
597:
728:) can detect low-level infection in cases with a high clinical suspicion, but negative blood film examinations. Serology is also useful for differentiating babesiosis from malaria in cases where people are at risk for both infections. Since detectable antibody responses require about a week after infection to develop, serologic testing may be falsely negative early in the disease course.
663:(a byproduct of red blood cell lysis) continue to increase, the visible mucous membranes become yellow in color (icterus) due to the failure of the liver to metabolize the excess bilirubin. Hemoglobinuria is seen due to excretion of red-blood-cell lysis byproducts via the kidneys. Fever of 40.5 °C (105 °F) develops due to release of inflammatory byproducts.
761:
In animals, babesiosis is suspected by observation of clinical signs (hemoglobinuria and anemia) in animals in endemic areas. Diagnosis is confirmed by observation of merozoites on thin film blood smear examined at maximum magnification under oil using
Romonovski stains (methylene blue and eosin).
655:
cause particularly severe forms of the disease, including a severe haemolytic anaemia, with positive erythrocyte-in-saline-agglutination test indicating an immune-mediated component to the haemolysis. Common sequelae include haemoglobinuria "red-water", disseminated intravascular coagulation, and
985:
has been reported, which was fatal. A subsequent investigation found no additional evidence of human
Babesiosis in over 7000 patient samples, leading the authors to conclude that Babesiosis was rare in Australia. A similar disease in cattle, commonly known as tick fever, is spread by
683:
within the preceding 9 weeks, so this aspect of the medical history is vital. Babesiosis may be suspected when a person with such an exposure history develops persistent fevers and hemolytic anemia. The definitive diagnostic test is the identification of parasites on a
1560:
Marcos LA, Wormser GP. Relapsing
Babesiosis With Molecular Evidence of Resistance to Certain Antimicrobials Commonly Used to Treat Babesia microti Infections. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 20;10(8):ofad391. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad391. PMID: 37539067; PMCID:
485:
A reported increase in human babesiosis diagnoses in the 2000s is thought to be caused by more widespread testing and higher numbers of people with immunodeficiencies coming in contact with ticks, the disease vector. Little is known about the occurrence of
831:
disease. Even mild cases are recommended to be treated to decrease the chance of inadvertently transmitting the infection by donating blood. In severe babesiosis, the combination of clindamycin and quinine is preferred. In life-threatening cases,
300:, by getting a blood transfusion from an infected donor of blood products, or by congenital transmission (an infected mother to her baby). Ticks transmit the human strain of babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as
2878:
2863:
340:, symptoms that are similar to those of malaria. People with symptoms usually become ill 1 to 4 weeks after the bite, or 1 to 9 weeks after transfusion of contaminated blood products. A person infected with babesiosis gradually develops
1602:
2006:
Saifee NH, Krause PJ, Wu Y. Apheresis for babesiosis: Therapeutic parasite reduction or removal of harmful toxins or both? J Clin Apher. 2016 Oct;31(5):454-8. doi: 10.1002/jca.21429. Epub 2015 Oct 20. PMID:
1622:
Lobo CA, Singh M, Rodriguez M. Human babesiosis: recent advances and future challenges. Curr Opin
Hematol. 2020 Nov;27(6):399-405. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000606. PMID: 32889826; PMCID: PMC11042670.
3310:
1708:
Setty S, Khalil Z, Schori P, Azar M, Ferrieri P. Babesiosis. Two atypical cases from
Minnesota and a review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 Oct;120(4):554-9. doi: 10.1309/N3DP-9MFP-NUJD-4XJY. PMID: 14560566.
1725:"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
462:
In more severe cases, symptoms similar to malaria occur, with fevers up to 40.5 °C (105 °F), shaking chills, and severe anemia (hemolytic anemia). Organ failure may follow, including
1757:
743:
as blood-film examination in diagnosing babesiosis, though it is also significantly more expensive. Most often, PCR testing is used in conjunction with blood film examination and possibly
1956:
Akel T, Mobarakai N. Hematologic manifestations of babesiosis. Ann Clin
Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017 Feb 15;16(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12941-017-0179-z. PMID: 28202022; PMCID: PMC5310009.
811:
Treatment of asymptomatic carriers should be considered if parasites are still detected after 3 months. In mild-to-moderate babesiosis, the treatment of choice is a combination of
1572:
3303:
2978:
2017:
776:
species" that form paired merozoites in the erythrocytes, commonly described as resembling "two pears hanging together", rather than the "Maltese cross" of the "small
836:
is performed. In this procedure, the infected red blood cells are removed and replaced with uninfected ones; toxins produced by the parasites may also be removed.
2162:
Psychiatric, psychogenic, and somatopsychic disorders handbook: a laboratory and clinical guide to the medical management of emotional and intellectual pathology
3812:
3296:
2530:
Faddy HM, Rooks KM, Irwin PJ, Viennet E, Paparini A, Seed CR, et al. (July 2019). "No evidence for widespread
Babesia microti transmission in Australia".
2230:
Herwaldt BL, Persing DH, Précigout EA, et al. (1996). "A fatal case of babesiosis in
Missouri: Identification of another piroplasm that infect humans".
2073:
Herwaldt BL, Linden JV, Bosserman E, Young C, Olkowska D, Wilson M (2011). "Transfusion-associated babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases".
1421:
3525:
344:
and fatigue, followed by a fever. Hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the blood, also develops. Chills, sweats, and
2319:
1316:
957:
2833:
2824:
316:
of mammals. They can have major adverse effects on the health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. In cattle, the disease is known as
1724:
2484:
Senanayake SN, Paparini A, Latimer M, Andriolo K, Dasilva AJ, Wilson H, et al. (March 2012). "First report of human babesiosis in
Australia".
471:
2384:
1012:
A table of isolated cases of babesiosis, which may be underestimated given how widely distributed the tick vectors are in temperate latitudes.
187:
917:
uses the same tick vector as Lyme disease, and may occur in conjunction with Lyme. The organism can also be transmitted by blood transfusion.
3579:
2971:
2749:"Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): 2020 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Babesiosis"
2170:
1643:
1352:
2051:
1504:
679:
infections are considered highly under-reported. It develops in patients who live in or travel to an endemic area or receive a contaminated
3897:
3495:
2345:
2323:
463:
2602:"First case of human babesiosis in Korea: detection and characterization of a novel type of Babesia sp. (KO1) similar to ovine babesia"
2294:
1816:
Krause PJ, Telford SR, Ryan R, et al. (April 1994). "Diagnosis of babesiosis: evaluation of a serologic test for the detection of
1649:
659:
In bovine species, the organism causes hemolytic anemia, so an infected animal shows pale mucous membranes initially. As the levels of
3835:
3805:
3370:
2462:
2208:
2964:
2651:
827:
because it has fewer side effects. The standard course is 7 to 10 days, but this is extended to at least 6 weeks in people with
3366:
1280:(cattle in Southern Africa). In acute cases in cattle, blood transfusion may be carried out. A vaccine is effective against
3887:
3505:
3374:
2720:
2021:
940:, and occur in the Northeast and northern Midwest from May through October. Areas with especially high rates include eastern
292:
and parts of Europe, and sporadic throughout the rest of the world. It occurs in warm weather. People can get infected with
3430:
2176:
1358:
2693:
698:) of babesiosis, since they are not seen in malaria, the primary differential diagnosis. Careful examination of multiple
3984:
3854:
3798:
3409:
31:
1320:
3979:
3440:
3389:
1388:
740:
2574:
762:
This is a routine part of the veterinary examination of dogs and ruminants in regions where babesiosis is endemic.
285:
1410:
918:
732:
2839:
59:
3774:
3399:
3394:
2893:
289:
1181:
and
Frederick Kilborne discovered that a tick was the vector for transmission in Texas cattle. The agent was
791:
on blood smear, but this has yet to be proven scientifically. Outspoken red discoloration of the grey matter
3535:
3510:
3080:
3048:
2659:
1000:
3670:
3515:
3269:
3052:
2747:
Krause PJ, Auwaerter PG, Bannuru RR, Branda JA, Falck-Ytter YT, Lantos PM, et al. (27 January 2021).
491:
396:
225:
3663:
3641:
3520:
3121:
2944:
901:
889:
1292:
causes a mild form of the disease that frequently resolves without treatment (dogs in Southeast Asia).
2376:
3756:
3742:
3634:
3627:
3530:
3500:
953:
833:
755:
3892:
3749:
3545:
3490:
3335:
3137:
3133:
3066:
2987:
2882:
933:
to livestock, causing considerable economic losses to farmers in tropical and subtropical regions.
1526:
Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS (2008). "Babesiosis: Recent insights into an ancient disease".
3912:
3319:
3234:
2555:
2509:
2457:
2255:
2203:
2141:
2098:
2047:
1496:
1465:
1256:
Veterinary treatment of babesiosis does not normally use antibiotics. In livestock and animals,
1173:. In 1888, Victor Babeș identified the microorganisms in red blood cells as the cause of febrile
1044:
410:
364:
281:
194:
961:
3989:
3720:
3699:
3574:
3357:
3094:
3058:
2956:
2904:
2813:
2770:
2631:
2547:
2501:
2437:
2315:
2286:
2247:
2166:
2133:
2090:
1989:
1939:
1886:
1837:
1798:
1749:
1691:
1639:
1594:
1543:
1488:
1348:
1214:
906:
848:
680:
596:
535:
415:
250:
182:
2353:
1633:
3974:
3706:
3692:
3599:
3189:
3148:
3129:
3125:
2803:
2795:
2760:
2621:
2613:
2539:
2493:
2427:
2419:
2243:
2239:
2129:
2125:
2086:
2082:
1979:
1929:
1921:
1876:
1868:
1829:
1790:
1739:
1683:
1584:
1535:
1480:
993:
949:
721:
645:
475:
345:
337:
133:
89:
474:. Severe cases are also more likely to occur in the very young, very old, and persons with
336:
infection are asymptomatic. When people do develop symptoms, the most common are fever and
3864:
3472:
2725:
Parasites and Health, DPDx—Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern
2655:
1205:
1164:
72:
2452:
2406:
Joseph JT, Roy SS, Shams N, Visintainer P, Nadelman RB, Hosur S, et al. (May 2011).
2198:
1170:
964:. In 2014, Rhode Island had an incidence of 16.3 reported infections per 100,000 people.
27:
Malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with the alveoate Babesia or Theileria
2748:
2677:
1163:
The disease is named for the genus of the causative organism, which was named after the
3943:
3925:
3713:
3569:
3404:
3288:
3256:
3226:
3086:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2887:
2626:
2601:
2432:
2407:
1242:
1229:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1076:
869:
611:
1934:
1906:"Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of
1905:
1881:
1856:
803:-infected erythrocytes sludged in the cerebral cortical capillaries in a brain smear.
3968:
3844:
3485:
3450:
3344:
3275:
3195:
3100:
2808:
2783:
2740:
2648:
2559:
2043:
1925:
1500:
988:
877:
873:
853:
695:
651:
638:
619:
531:
420:
2513:
2259:
2102:
1872:
17:
3859:
3849:
3732:
3480:
3435:
3384:
3362:
3352:
3220:
3211:
3112:
3072:
2728:
2116:
Leiby DA (2011). "Transfusion-associated babesiosis: shouldn't we be ticked off?".
1097:
857:
816:
706:
may infect less than 1% of circulating red blood cells, thus be easily overlooked.
685:
434:
426:
301:
258:
2799:
2145:
656:"cerebral babesiosis" caused by sludging of erythrocytes in cerebral capillaries.
2898:
2160:
1539:
1342:
348:
are also common symptoms. Symptoms may last from several days to several months.
3902:
3653:
3422:
3030:
3021:
2689:
2672:
1265:
1197:
1126:
945:
941:
820:
787:
when neurological signs (often severe) are seen in cattle that are positive for
523:
467:
455:
401:
388:
372:
351:
Less common symptoms and physical exam findings of mild-to-moderate babesiosis:
305:
277:
211:
67:
1984:
1967:
1833:
1794:
842:
is a drug used for treatment of babesiosis in dogs. Extracts of the poisonous,
2928:
2909:
2872:
1093:
812:
699:
688:
633:
species almost never exhibit an exoerythrocytic phase with trophozoite forms.
583:, but also includes K01 strain (an isolated case observed in South Korea, see
500:
254:
2274:
1589:
795:
further strengthens suspicion of cerebral babesiosis. Diagnosis is confirmed
618:
asexually budding, but attached together forming a structure looking like a "
3869:
3617:
3458:
3240:
3012:
1968:"A case of severe babesiosis treated successfully with exchange transfusion"
1380:
1312:
1261:
1257:
1224:
1186:
885:
881:
839:
828:
751:
660:
615:
580:
505:
269:
2817:
2782:
Homer MJ, Aguilar-Delfin I, Telford SR, Krause PJ, Persing DH (July 2000).
2774:
2765:
2635:
2551:
2505:
2441:
2423:
2290:
2199:"Tick-Borne Illnesses Have Nantucket Considering Some Deer-Based Solutions"
2137:
2094:
1993:
1802:
1753:
1695:
1598:
1547:
1492:
750:
Other laboratory findings include decreased numbers of red blood cells and
2578:
2251:
1943:
1890:
1841:
1687:
1484:
3264:
3043:
3035:
2939:
2933:
2617:
1674:
Noskoviak K, Broome E (2008). "Images in clinical medicine. Babesiosis".
1040:
1036:
744:
713:
709:
565:
479:
439:
383:
313:
2497:
3180:
3158:
3143:
2573:
Queensland Government, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries.
1060:
1056:
843:
824:
694:
So-called "Maltese cross formations" on the blood film are diagnostic (
527:
359:
341:
263:
246:
230:
3790:
2855:
2543:
3682:
2867:
1109:
978:
Babesiosis has emerged in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, since 2001.
936:
In the United States, the majority of babesiosis cases are caused by
861:
520:
443:
378:
375:(noninflammatory joint pain, unlike arthritis, which is inflammatory)
332:
Half of all children and a quarter of previously healthy adults with
274:
217:
203:
2836:
at OIE. WAHID Interface—OIE World Animal Health Information Database
971:
is the primary cause of infectious babesiosis and is transmitted by
780:
species". Their merozoites are around twice the size of small ones.
1744:
1723:
Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. (November 2006).
1219:
1113:
1089:
1064:
568:
parasite, formerly called EU1), most closely related to the large
199:
1855:
Persing DH, Mathiesen D, Marshall WF, et al. (August 1992).
960:
now requires state health departments to report infections using
3935:
3879:
3830:
3821:
2743:
source from which the first version of this article was derived.
1238:
910:
297:
3794:
3292:
2960:
1904:
Krause PJ, Telford S, Spielman A, et al. (November 1996).
1284:(dogs in the Mediterranean region), but is ineffective against
2727:. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Archived from
725:
504:. Human patients with repeat babesiosis infection may exhibit
101:
1004:. This disease is found in eastern and northern Australia.
1857:"Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction"
542:
species infect humans. The main species in each clade are:
157:
154:
113:
95:
614:, where they can be seen as cross-shaped inclusions (four
2050:. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
622:") and cause hemolytic anemia, quite similar to malaria.
163:
145:
139:
119:
107:
1966:
Tanyel E, Guler N, Hokelek M, Ulger F, Sunbul M (2015).
1781:
Krause PJ (2003). "Babesiosis diagnosis and treatment".
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1635:
Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat
1193:
to transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host.
671:
Only specialized laboratories can adequately diagnose
888:, some of which display an action similar to that of
166:
160:
151:
122:
116:
104:
2845:
526:, which also has the protozoan parasites that cause
404:(abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light)
142:
136:
98:
92:
3953:
3934:
3911:
3878:
3829:
3766:
3730:
3680:
3651:
3615:
3608:
3592:
3562:
3544:
3471:
3449:
3421:
3343:
3334:
3327:
3255:
3210:
3179:
3111:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2919:
2849:
872:and has also been used in preparations employed as
735:(PCR) test has been developed for the detection of
224:
210:
193:
181:
148:
110:
79:
49:
44:
2408:"Babesiosis in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA"
1718:
1716:
1714:
1196:In 1957, the first human case was documented in a
739:from the peripheral blood. PCR may be at least as
220:, weakened immune system, doing outdoor activities
30:"Texas fever" redirects here. For other uses, see
2600:Kim JY, Cho SH, Joo HN, et al. (June 2007).
1026:Pacific Coast (northern California to Washington)
2834:Current status of Equine piroplasmosis worldwide
1669:
1667:
1573:"Neutropenia in congenital and adult babesiosis"
2346:"Parasites - Babesiosis: National Surveillance"
2275:"When to suspect and how to monitor babesiosis"
1307:
1305:
1268:would be the drugs of choice for treatment of
1208:individual on Nantucket Island. The agent was
312:is thought to be the second-most common blood
3806:
3304:
2972:
2525:
2523:
1204:. In 1969, the first case was reported in an
369:Nonproductive cough (mucus is not coughed up)
8:
2453:"Once Rare, Infection by Tick Bites Spreads"
2375:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2159:Giannini AJ, Black HR, Goettsche RL (1978).
560:(cattle parasite seen mostly in Europe) and
3526:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
1232:
1228:) is also known as piroplasmosis (from the
1185:. This was the first demonstration that an
981:In Australia, one locally-acquired case of
3957:
3813:
3799:
3791:
3612:
3340:
3331:
3311:
3297:
3289:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2979:
2965:
2957:
2846:
2350:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2320:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1317:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1014:
958:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
41:
2807:
2764:
2625:
2431:
1983:
1933:
1880:
1743:
1588:
1521:
1519:
1517:
595:
2719:Center for Global Health (2019-06-25).
2244:10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00004
2130:10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00363
2087:10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00362
1301:
472:overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
2696:from the original on November 11, 2011
2465:from the original on November 25, 2016
2326:from the original on November 28, 2010
2211:from the original on November 15, 2011
3580:Southern tick-associated rash illness
2054:from the original on January 15, 2018
2020:. Merck Animal Health. Archived from
1464:Vannier E, Krause PJ (21 June 2012).
449:Retinopathy with splinter hemorrhages
296:parasites by the bite of an infected
7:
1222:babesiosis (caused by the protozoan
2165:. Medical Examination. p. 86.
1344:Human Parasitic Diseases Sourcebook
923:Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
868:is a member of the daffodil family
584:
470:can occur rapidly, consistent with
464:adult respiratory distress syndrome
466:. Sepsis in people who have had a
442:(yellowing of the skin and of the
25:
2387:from the original on 19 June 2018
2048:""Boophone disticha" (Liliaceae)"
1652:from the original on 26 June 2014
1638:. Manson Publishing. p. 71.
1632:Shaw SE, Day MJ (11 April 2005).
1347:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
1200:Croatian herdsman. The agent was
783:Cerebral babesiosis is suspected
2575:"Tick fever (bovine babesiosis)"
1926:10.1128/jcm.34.11.2791-2794.1996
1571:Wormser GP, et al. (2015).
1510:from the original on 2021-11-12.
1149:South America (Brazil, Colombia)
579:(> 3 μm) mostly infects
132:
88:
58:
3898:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
3496:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
2451:Laurie Tarkan (June 20, 2011).
2297:from the original on 2022-07-21
2197:Belluck P (September 6, 2009).
2179:from the original on 2020-07-26
1873:10.1128/jcm.30.8.2097-2103.1992
1763:from the original on 2020-07-26
1605:from the original on 2019-12-18
1473:New England Journal of Medicine
1427:from the original on 2018-07-27
1391:from the original on 2015-10-25
1361:from the original on 2013-11-13
1323:from the original on 2021-03-08
904:illness usually transmitted by
819:. This regimen is preferred to
3888:Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
3506:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1212:, and the vector was the tick
998:in the introduced cattle tick
629:parasites that cause malaria,
498:can easily be misdiagnosed as
1:
2800:10.1128/CMR.13.3.451-469.2000
3855:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
3410:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2753:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2486:Medical Journal of Australia
1540:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.001
929:transmit several species of
32:Texas fever (disambiguation)
3441:Relapsing fever borreliosis
3390:Spotted fever rickettsiosis
2829:The Merck Veterinary Manual
2232:Annals of Internal Medicine
1341:Berger SA, Marr JS (2006).
423:(more sensitive to stimuli)
253:caused by infection with a
4006:
2690:"Definition of Piroplasma"
1985:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.019
1795:10.1089/153036603765627451
282:transmission via tick bite
29:
3431:Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
1783:Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis
919:Ticks of domestic animals
733:polymerase chain reaction
66:
57:
3775:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3400:American tick bite fever
3395:Pacific Coast tick fever
2273:Mylonakis E (May 2001).
1834:10.1093/infdis/169.4.923
1590:10.1309/AJCP2PHH4HBVHZFS
702:may be necessary, since
675:infection in humans, so
290:Midwestern United States
3536:Tick-borne encephalitis
3511:Kyasanur Forest disease
3081:Cyclospora cayetanensis
3049:Cryptosporidium hominis
2377:"Data & Statistics"
1001:Rhipicephalus microplus
884:. The plant is rich in
610:parasites reproduce in
397:Pink eye/Conjunctivitis
53:Babesiasis, Texas fever
3671:Dermacentor variabilis
3516:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
3270:Prototheca wickerhamii
3053:Cryptosporidium parvum
2825:"Babesiosis: Overview"
2448:Related news articles:
2424:10.3201/eid1705.101334
1233:
962:Form OMB No. 0920-0728
741:sensitive and specific
604:
284:is most common in the
257:parasite in the order
226:Differential diagnosis
3664:Dermacentor andersoni
3642:Amblyomma triguttatum
3521:Powassan encephalitis
3122:Plasmodium falciparum
1688:10.1056/NEJMicm070903
1485:10.1056/NEJMra1202018
1286:B. c. rossi
1152:Uncharacterized spp.
1103:Uncharacterized spp.
689:thin-film blood smear
636:In nonhuman animals,
599:
3757:Ornithodoros moubata
3743:Ornithodoros gurneyi
3635:Amblyomma cajennense
3628:Amblyomma americanum
3546:Protozoan infections
3531:Tete orthobunyavirus
3501:Heartland bandavirus
3371:Human monocytotropic
3336:Bacterial infections
2788:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
2766:10.1093/cid/ciaa1216
2618:10.1128/JCM.01334-06
2356:on December 16, 2017
1177:in cattle. In 1893,
834:exchange transfusion
756:complete blood count
18:Equine piroplasmosis
3985:Tick-borne diseases
3913:Protozoan infection
3893:Colorado tick fever
3831:Bacterial infection
3750:Ornithodoros hermsi
3491:Colorado tick fever
3320:Tick-borne diseases
3067:Cystoisospora belli
2988:Protozoan infection
2498:10.5694/mja11.11378
2322:(CDC. May 5, 2009.
2018:"Imizol | Overview"
1411:"CDC2 - Babesiosis"
1282:B. canis canis
1270:B. canis rossi
1248:, a thing formed).
927:R. (B.) decoloratus
519:species are in the
490:species in malaria-
431:Pharyngeal erythema
280:. Human babesiosis
206:, headache, fatigue
3980:Protozoal diseases
3367:Human granulocytic
3235:Pythium insidiosum
2920:External resources
2654:2022-04-24 at the
2606:J. Clin. Microbiol
2458:The New York Times
2204:The New York Times
1914:J. Clin. Microbiol
1861:J. Clin. Microbiol
1466:"Human Babesiosis"
1381:"CDC - Babesiosis"
1313:"CDC - Babesiosis"
1272:(dogs in Africa),
799:by observation of
605:
411:Emotional lability
328:Signs and symptoms
318:Texas cattle fever
188:Infectious disease
3962:
3961:
3958:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3721:Ixodes scapularis
3700:Ixodes holocyclus
3609:Species and bites
3588:
3587:
3575:Alpha-gal allergy
3467:
3466:
3358:Boutonneuse fever
3286:
3285:
3251:
3250:
3206:
3205:
3175:
3174:
3095:Toxoplasma gondii
3059:Cryptosporidiosis
2954:
2953:
2544:10.1111/trf.15336
2316:"Babesiosis FAQs"
2172:978-0-87488-596-5
1732:Clin. Infect. Dis
1645:978-1-84076-578-6
1479:(25): 2397–2407.
1354:978-0-7637-2962-2
1202:B. divergens
1156:
1155:
969:B. divergens
954:Martha's Vineyard
907:Ixodes scapularis
849:Boophone disticha
745:serologic testing
710:Serologic testing
681:blood transfusion
562:B. venatorum
538:. Four clades of
536:cryptosporidiosis
251:parasitic disease
236:
235:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3997:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3792:
3707:Ixodes pacificus
3693:Ixodes cornuatus
3613:
3600:Tick infestation
3473:Viral infections
3341:
3332:
3322:and infestations
3313:
3306:
3299:
3290:
3190:Balantidium coli
3149:Blackwater fever
3027:
3018:
3009:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2958:
2847:
2821:
2811:
2778:
2768:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2669:
2663:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2577:. Archived from
2570:
2564:
2563:
2538:(7): 2368–2374.
2527:
2518:
2517:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2445:
2435:
2412:Emerg Infect Dis
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2352:. Archived from
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2279:Am Fam Physician
2270:
2264:
2263:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2024:on 7 August 2015
2014:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1972:Int J Infect Dis
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1747:
1729:
1720:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1592:
1577:Am J Clin Pathol
1568:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1470:
1461:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1415:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1309:
1278:B. bigemina
1236:
1183:B. bigemina
1015:
950:Nantucket Island
900:Babesiosis is a
866:B. disticha
852:are used in the
770:B. bigemina
646:Babesia bigemina
549:(< 3 μm)
476:immunodeficiency
452:Retinal infarcts
346:thrombocytopenia
338:hemolytic anemia
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
62:
42:
21:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3949:
3930:
3907:
3880:Viral infection
3874:
3865:Relapsing fever
3833:
3825:
3824:-borne diseases
3819:
3789:
3780:
3762:
3726:
3676:
3647:
3604:
3584:
3558:
3540:
3463:
3445:
3417:
3323:
3317:
3287:
3282:
3247:
3202:
3171:
3107:
3034:
2998:
2985:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2915:
2914:
2858:
2781:
2746:
2734:
2732:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2670:
2666:
2660:Merriam-Webster
2656:Wayback Machine
2647:
2643:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2581:on 5 April 2011
2572:
2571:
2567:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2298:
2285:(10): 1969–74.
2272:
2271:
2267:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1908:Babesia microti
1903:
1902:
1898:
1867:(8): 2097–103.
1854:
1853:
1849:
1818:Babesia microti
1815:
1814:
1810:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1738:(9): 1089–134.
1727:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1534:(11): 1219–37.
1528:Int J Parasitol
1525:
1524:
1515:
1507:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1413:
1409:Prevention CC.
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1379:Prevention CC.
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1355:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1290:B. imitans
1254:
1210:B. microti
1206:immunocompetent
1189:could act as a
1161:
1010:
983:B. microti
973:I. ricinus
938:B. microti
915:B. microti
898:
809:
669:
612:red blood cells
594:
592:Pathophysiology
514:
460:
427:Enlarged spleen
330:
177:
135:
131:
91:
87:
73:Babesia microti
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3944:Hymenolepiasis
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3926:Cytauxzoonosis
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3738:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3714:Ixodes ricinus
3710:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Tick paralysis
3566:
3564:
3563:Other diseases
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3405:rickettsialpox
3402:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3261:
3259:
3257:Archaeplastida
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3227:Blastocystosis
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3087:Cyclosporiasis
3077:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3040:
3038:
3024:
3015:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2996:Archaeplastida
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2875:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:Classification
2844:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2822:
2779:
2759:(2): e49–e64.
2744:
2714:
2713:External links
2711:
2708:
2707:
2681:
2664:
2641:
2592:
2565:
2519:
2492:(5): 350–352.
2476:
2398:
2367:
2337:
2307:
2265:
2222:
2189:
2171:
2151:
2118:Ann Intern Med
2108:
2075:Ann Intern Med
2065:
2035:
2009:
1999:
1958:
1949:
1920:(11): 2791–4.
1896:
1847:
1822:J. Infect. Dis
1808:
1773:
1745:10.1086/508667
1710:
1701:
1663:
1644:
1624:
1615:
1563:
1553:
1513:
1437:
1401:
1371:
1353:
1333:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1253:
1250:
1225:Theileria equi
1198:splenectomized
1191:disease vector
1179:Theobald Smith
1175:hemoglobinuria
1168:bacteriologist
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1077:Canary Islands
1073:
1072:
1067:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1009:
1008:Isolated cases
1006:
897:
894:
870:Amaryllidaceae
808:
805:
686:Giemsa-stained
668:
665:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:isolated cases
573:
555:
550:
513:
510:
459:
458:
453:
450:
447:
437:
435:Enlarged liver
432:
429:
424:
418:
413:
408:
405:
399:
394:
393:Abdominal pain
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
367:
362:
357:
353:
329:
326:
261:, typically a
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
214:
208:
207:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
176:
175:
83:
81:
77:
76:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4002:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Murine typhus
3843:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Bourbon virus
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3451:Thiotrichales
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:Rickettsiales
3342:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3277:
3276:Protothecosis
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3197:
3196:Balantidiasis
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3101:Toxoplasmosis
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:(3): 451–69.
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2741:Public domain
2731:on 2013-03-07
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2678:Who Named It?
2675:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:(6): 2084–7.
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2593:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:(7): 643–50.
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2081:(8): 509–19.
2080:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:B. bovis
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:Other animals
1251:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:I. scapularis
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
990:
989:Babesia bovis
984:
979:
976:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
921:, especially
920:
916:
912:
909:
908:
903:
895:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:hallucinogens
875:
874:arrow poisons
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:folk medicine
851:
850:
845:
841:
837:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:B. bovis
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:Babesia canis
763:
759:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
705:
701:
697:
696:pathognomonic
692:
690:
687:
682:
678:
674:
666:
664:
662:
657:
654:
653:
652:Babesia bovis
648:
647:
642:
640:
639:Babesia canis
634:
632:
628:
623:
621:
620:Maltese cross
617:
613:
609:
602:
598:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:toxoplasmosis
529:
525:
522:
518:
511:
509:
507:
503:
502:
497:
494:areas, where
493:
489:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
422:
421:Hyperesthesia
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
355:
354:
352:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:piroplasmosis
240:
232:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
196:
192:
189:
186:
184:
180:
171:
130:, babesiasis
127:
85:
84:
82:
80:Pronunciation
78:
75:
74:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3920:
3860:Ehrlichiosis
3850:Lyme disease
3773:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:Ornithodoros
3731:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3681:
3669:
3662:
3652:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3616:
3593:Infestations
3553:
3481:Bhanja virus
3436:Lyme disease
3385:Scrub typhus
3376:
3363:Ehrlichiosis
3353:Anaplasmosis
3268:
3233:
3221:Blastocystis
3219:
3212:Stramenopile
3188:
3164:
3157:
3120:
3113:Aconoidasida
3093:
3079:
3073:Isosporiasis
3065:
3047:
2938:
2927:
2903:
2892:
2877:
2862:
2840:Disease card
2828:
2791:
2787:
2784:"Babesiosis"
2756:
2752:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:the original
2724:
2721:"Babesiosis"
2698:. Retrieved
2692:. lexic.us.
2684:
2673:Victor Babeș
2671:
2667:
2644:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2579:the original
2568:
2535:
2531:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2469:February 24,
2467:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2418:(5): 843–7.
2415:
2411:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:the original
2349:
2340:
2330:September 6,
2328:. Retrieved
2310:
2299:. Retrieved
2282:
2278:
2268:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2215:September 6,
2213:. Retrieved
2202:
2192:
2181:. Retrieved
2161:
2154:
2124:(8): 556–7.
2121:
2117:
2111:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2058:November 10,
2056:. Retrieved
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2012:
2002:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1952:
1917:
1913:
1910:parasitemia"
1907:
1899:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1828:(4): 923–6.
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1789:(1): 45–51.
1786:
1782:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1735:
1731:
1704:
1679:
1676:N Engl J Med
1675:
1654:. Retrieved
1634:
1627:
1618:
1607:. Retrieved
1583:(1): 94–96.
1580:
1576:
1566:
1561:PMC10394720.
1556:
1531:
1527:
1476:
1472:
1429:. Retrieved
1417:
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1343:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1255:
1245:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1182:
1171:Victor Babeș
1162:
1142:
1131:
1119:
1098:South Africa
1081:
1070:B. venatorum
1069:
1050:B. divergens
1049:
1029:
1011:
999:
994:
987:
982:
980:
977:
972:
968:
966:
937:
935:
930:
926:
922:
914:
905:
902:vector-borne
899:
896:Epidemiology
865:
864:babesiosis.
858:South Africa
847:
838:
817:azithromycin
810:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
760:
749:
736:
730:
717:
708:
703:
693:
676:
672:
670:
658:
650:
644:
637:
635:
630:
626:
624:
607:
606:
600:
576:
569:
561:
558:B. divergens
557:
552:
546:
539:
516:
515:
499:
495:
487:
484:
461:
350:
333:
331:
321:
317:
309:
306:trypanosomes
302:Lyme disease
293:
286:Northeastern
268:
262:
259:Piroplasmida
242:
238:
237:
212:Risk factors
71:
36:
3903:Myxomatosis
3654:Dermacentor
3423:Spirochaete
3031:Conoidasida
3022:Apicomplexa
2700:November 9,
2585:21 February
2532:Transfusion
1820:antibody".
1682:(17): e19.
1418:www.cdc.gov
1385:www.cdc.gov
1266:trypan blue
1260:(Berenil),
1127:South Korea
995:B. bigemina
967:In Europe,
946:Fire Island
942:Long Island
890:scopolamine
821:clindamycin
797:post mortem
793:post mortem
772:are "large
625:Unlike the
553:B. duncani
524:Apicomplexa
468:splenectomy
456:Neutropenia
407:Weight loss
402:Photophobia
389:Sore throat
373:Arthralgias
360:Muscle pain
278:Apicomplexa
86:Babesiosis
68:Blood smear
50:Other names
3969:Categories
3921:Babesiosis
3554:Babesiosis
3377:E. ewingii
3181:Ciliophora
3165:Babesiosis
2934:Babesiosis
2929:Patient UK
2905:DiseasesDB
2735:2003-10-07
2301:2012-05-26
2183:2016-10-14
1767:2019-09-20
1656:14 October
1609:2015-08-19
1431:2018-09-20
1395:2015-10-25
1365:2016-10-14
1327:2021-02-25
1296:References
1237:, meaning
1143:B. microti
1120:B. microti
1094:Mozambique
1082:B. microti
1045:Washington
1030:B. duncani
813:atovaquone
714:antibodies
627:Plasmodium
616:merozoites
547:B. microti
501:Plasmodium
482:patients.
478:, such as
416:Depression
255:eukaryotic
239:Babesiosis
45:Babesiosis
3870:Tularemia
3618:Amblyomma
3459:Tularemia
3379:infection
3241:Pythiosis
3013:Alveolate
2649:"babesia"
2560:148570372
2028:15 August
2007:26481763.
1501:205116383
1262:imidocarb
1258:diminazen
1187:arthropod
1139:Australia
886:alkaloids
882:embalming
880:, and in
860:to treat
840:Imidocarb
829:relapsing
807:Treatment
752:platelets
667:Diagnosis
661:bilirubin
603:lifecycle
581:ungulates
506:premunity
273:, in the
270:Theileria
183:Specialty
3990:Zoonoses
3946:tapeworm
3936:Helminth
3328:Diseases
3265:Algaemia
3138:knowlesi
3134:malariae
3044:Coccidia
3036:Coccidia
2940:Orphanet
2818:10885987
2775:33252652
2694:Archived
2652:Archived
2636:17392446
2552:31070793
2514:33068508
2506:22432676
2463:Archived
2442:21529393
2385:Archived
2324:Archived
2295:Archived
2291:11388711
2260:46733758
2209:Archived
2177:Archived
2138:21893616
2103:74852997
2095:21893613
2052:Archived
1994:26232090
1978:: 83–5.
1803:12804380
1758:Archived
1754:17029130
1696:18434647
1650:Archived
1603:Archived
1599:26071466
1548:18440005
1505:Archived
1493:22716978
1422:Archived
1389:Archived
1359:Archived
1321:Archived
1165:Romanian
1088:Africa (
1041:Missouri
1037:Kentucky
1021:Species
1018:Location
716:against
566:roe deer
480:HIV/AIDS
440:Jaundice
384:Vomiting
365:Anorexia
356:Headache
322:redwater
314:parasite
304:. After
216:Removed
195:Symptoms
3975:Babesia
3954:Vectors
3159:Babesia
3144:Malaria
2899:D001404
2662:online.
2627:1933034
2433:3321771
2391:19 June
2360:19 June
2252:8607592
2044:Duke JA
1944:8897184
1891:1500517
1842:8133112
1159:History
1132:Babesia
1061:Germany
1057:Austria
931:Babesia
844:bulbous
825:quinine
801:Babesia
785:in vivo
778:Babesia
774:Babesia
737:Babesia
718:Babesia
704:Babesia
677:Babesia
673:Babesia
631:Babesia
608:Babesia
601:Babesia
577:Babesia
570:Babesia
540:Babesia
528:malaria
517:Babesia
496:Babesia
492:endemic
488:Babesia
342:malaise
334:Babesia
310:Babesia
294:Babesia
264:Babesia
247:malaria
231:Malaria
3683:Ixodes
3375:Human
2888:088.82
2816:
2806:
2773:
2634:
2624:
2558:
2550:
2512:
2504:
2440:
2430:
2381:Center
2289:
2258:
2250:
2169:
2146:807441
2144:
2136:
2101:
2093:
1992:
1942:
1935:229405
1932:
1889:
1882:265450
1879:
1840:
1801:
1752:
1694:
1642:
1597:
1546:
1499:
1491:
1351:
1276:, and
1246:plasma
1220:Equine
1110:Taiwan
1108:Asia (
1043:, and
956:. The
952:, and
862:equine
846:plant
720:(both
700:smears
649:, and
534:, and
521:phylum
444:sclera
379:Nausea
275:phylum
249:-like
218:spleen
204:chills
174:
3834:(all
3767:Other
3130:ovale
3126:vivax
2873:B60.0
2809:88943
2556:S2CID
2510:S2CID
2256:S2CID
2142:S2CID
2099:S2CID
1761:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1497:S2CID
1469:(PDF)
1425:(PDF)
1414:(PDF)
1264:, or
1243:Greek
1230:Latin
1114:Japan
1090:Egypt
1065:Italy
911:ticks
641:rossi
575:Large
572:clade
512:Cause
245:is a
200:fever
3822:Flea
2994:and
2910:1200
2894:MeSH
2883:9-CM
2842:—OIE
2814:PMID
2771:PMID
2702:2011
2632:PMID
2587:2012
2548:PMID
2502:PMID
2471:2017
2438:PMID
2393:2018
2362:2018
2332:2009
2287:PMID
2248:PMID
2217:2009
2167:ISBN
2134:PMID
2091:PMID
2060:2011
2030:2015
1990:PMID
1940:PMID
1887:PMID
1838:PMID
1799:PMID
1750:PMID
1692:PMID
1658:2016
1640:ISBN
1595:PMID
1544:PMID
1489:PMID
1349:ISBN
1239:pear
1234:piro
1134:KO1
992:and
925:and
823:and
815:and
768:and
724:and
712:for
298:tick
288:and
241:or
3004:SAR
2992:SAR
2945:108
2879:ICD
2864:ICD
2804:PMC
2796:doi
2761:doi
2676:at
2658:at
2622:PMC
2614:doi
2540:doi
2494:doi
2490:196
2428:PMC
2420:doi
2240:doi
2236:124
2126:doi
2122:155
2083:doi
2079:155
1980:doi
1930:PMC
1922:doi
1877:PMC
1869:doi
1830:doi
1826:169
1791:doi
1740:doi
1684:doi
1680:358
1585:doi
1581:144
1536:doi
1481:doi
1477:366
856:of
754:on
726:IgM
722:IgG
320:or
267:or
70:of
3971::
3836:G-
3373:,
3369:,
3267::
3046::
2990::
2943::
2932::
2908::
2897::
2886::
2871::
2868:10
2812:.
2802:.
2792:13
2790:.
2786:.
2769:.
2757:72
2755:.
2751:.
2723:.
2630:.
2620:.
2610:45
2608:.
2604:.
2554:.
2546:.
2536:59
2534:.
2522:^
2508:.
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