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Otherwise, the St. Lawrence River would still be a primary route of transportation and the West would not be connected to the East. They also rejected Morris’s proposition of a natural waterway created by the overflow of Lake Erie in favor of an entirely artificial waterway. The final and most important section of the report demanded public financing and control of the canal by the State of New York. Citing past failures such as Eddy’s company, and
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2028:) were elected. But, at the same time the voters adopted the new Constitution which extended the terms of the incumbents until the end of 1847, calling for a new election in November 1847. Clowes (the Commissioner-elect who had received fewer votes) could not take office, but was eventually elected by the Whig majority of the State Legislature to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jones.
102:, of which both the planning commissioners and the Canal Fund commissioners were members, was created to take control of the operational canal. The term "Canal Commission" was at times applied to any of these bodies. Afterwards the canal commissioners were minor state cabinet officers responsible for the maintenance and improvements of the state's canals.
22:
2046:
The office of Canal
Commissioner had been abolished by an amendment in 1876. The incumbent commissioners Thayer and Walrath, and Commissioner Ogden who was elected at the same time of the ratification of the amendment, remained in office only because in 1877 and early 1878 no Superintendent of Public
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Under the Act of May 6, 1844, there were two vacancies to be filled at the State election in
November 1846, and Democrat Hudson and Whig Clowes (who had the endorsement of the Anti-Rent Party) were elected. But, at the same time the voters adopted the new Constitution which extended the terms of the
2000:
Article XIV, §3, provided for the remaining in office until
December 31, 1847, but no longer, of a number of state officers, among them the Canal Commissioners, who were in office on January 1, 1847. The term of the incumbents with a two-year term (Jones and Earll ) expired only on February 1, 1847,
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of 1821 provided for the creation of the Canal Board to oversee the operational canal, which was established in 1826. The Board originally consisted of the same officers as the
Commissioners of the Canal Fund, as well as the members of the Canal Commission, thereby merging he two in practical terms.
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was
President of the Commission, the title was mainly ceremonial because all the members looked to DeWitt Clinton for leadership. All of the members except Van Rensselaer and Morris, who traversed the whole state by carriage, traveled up the Mohawk River and as far west as possible by water, where
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and
Livingston was his business and engineering partner. It also gave the commissioners $ 15,000 to finance further activities and granted them permission to take all the necessary steps to finance the entire project. On June 19, 1812, the Commission was empowered to purchase the rights, interests
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was proposed. In addition to the control of shipping in North
America, the United States would successfully tie the western territories to the eastern states, thus creating a more unified nation. This was an enormous undertaking, so it became necessary to appoint a Commission to oversee the entire
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The
Commission slipped even further out of Clinton’s control in 1821, when the Bucktail-controlled State Legislature passed a bill that provided two million dollars in funding for the canal, as well as the appointment of an additional commissioner. As Governor of New York, Clinton had to sign the
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on
December 3, 1815. The board sparked interest by emphasizing the benefits the city would receive from the canal. Despite minor setbacks, the meeting was a huge success. Even though President Madison vetoed a bill that provided funding for one quarter of the canal, the Commission convinced the
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Eddy and Fulton looked for engineers to design the project. De Witt and Van
Rensselaer sought land cessations for the path of the canal. Livingston, with the help of Clinton, devised a plan to secure national assistance. Morris and North looked for the best way to borrow money. The largest duty,
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Until 1844 the term of the commissioners was indefinite. The Act of May 6, 1844, established a four-year term, while vacancies were filled by concurrent resolution of both houses of the State Legislature, or during the recess of the Legislature, temporarily by the Governor, and a substitute was
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After much deliberation, the Commission turned their findings into a report that they submitted in March 1811. Rejecting Porter’s ideas of running the canal either to Lake Ontario, or through his lands to Lake Erie, the commissioners decided that the canal had to run straight to Lake Erie.
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A heavy blow to Clinton came on April 12, 1824, when his opponents succeeded in ousting him from the Commission. Despite words of support in the State Assembly, they voted him out and Clinton stepped down after being a commissioner from the beginning and its president since 1816. A wave of
306:, and Clinton ran as the Federalists presidential candidate opposing James Madison and the war. In addition, despite allowing the Commission to create a fund for financing the canal in 1812, the State Legislature repealed the act in 1814, rendering the commissioners essentially helpless.
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indignation over the treatment of the man who was recognized as the driving force behind the construction, Clinton was re-elected Governor of New York in November 1824, and had the great satisfaction to preside over the inauguration of the completed Erie Canal on October 26, 1825.
2011:
incumbents until the end of 1847, calling for a new election in November 1847. However, shortly before the State election, Earll had died, and Democrat Hudson (the Commissioner-elect who had received more votes) was appointed by the Democratic Governor
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after their expedition to the west. In order to get permission for this commission, Platt and Eddy knew that each man had to command a certain amount of power and respect, but the whole group had to be politically balanced between Federalists and
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in New York, and the two of them decided to propose the creation of a small group of highly influential commissioners to explore two possible routes of a canal – one to Lake Ontario and one to Lake Erie. They would report findings to the
1945:
The Whig Commissioners Ruggles, Hudson, Dexter, Hamilton, Boughton and Whitney were removed by the new Democratic majority of the State Legislature which elected Clark, Hooker, Enos, Little, Earll and Bissell
1964:
The Act of May 6, 1844, called for the election of 4 Commissioners at the State election in November who should take office "on the first Monday in February" of the next year in place of the incumbents.
192:. On March 13, 1810, Platt presented his project for a bipartisan Canal Commission to the State Legislature, and received overwhelming support. On March 15, the State Legislature appointed Federalists
1936:
The Democratic Commissioners Young, Bouck, Earll, Bowman and Baker were removed by the new Whig majority of the State Legislature which elected Hudson, Dexter, Hamilton, Boughton and Whitney instead.
1723:
No successor was elected at the previous State Election, but Thayer's term was deemed to have expired, and he was not holding over until the appointment of a Superintendent of Public Works.
349:, which donated 100,000 acres (400 km) to the Erie Canal project. Holley, a State assemblyman, was a supporter of Clinton and government-financed public improvements. Young had written
2037:
The first three Commissioners elected under the Constitution of 1846 were "classified" by drawing lots, so that henceforth every year one commissioner could be elected to a three-year term.
1887:
Morris, North, De Witt, Eddy, Porter and Cooper ceased to be Commissioners when the Legislature appointed a new Commission consisting of Clinton, Van Rensselaer, Ellicott, Holley and Young.
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appointed by the Governor in place of Stroud to fill the vacancy, then took office for his elected term, then legislated out of office, office abolished and responsibilities taken over by
1973:
Two Commissioners were elected to a two-year term, and the other two Commissioners to a four-year term. Subsequently, every two years two vacancies should be filled at the State election.
162:. Eddy was the Treasurer of the Western Inland Lock Navigation Company, which had been established in 1792 with the purpose of developing a navigable route up the Mohawk River to
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Under the Act of May 6, 1844, there were two vacancies to be filled at the State election in November 1846, and Democrat Hudson and Whig Clowes (who had the endorsement of the
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became an essential part of the system of waterways, on which merchants did most of their shipping. The easiest way from the Great Lakes to the
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Legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844, then re-elected to a four-year term, then legislated out of office by the Constitution of 1846
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and the Federal Government. Unfortunately, after failing to obtain any funds from the government, their situation only got worse with the
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In 1818, Ellicot resigned from the Commission citing poor health, and to replace him, Clinton appointed one of his strongest supporters
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On April 17, 1816, the State Legislature passed a bill that provided more funds for the project, and appointed Van Rensselaer, Clinton,
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In response to this report, on April 8, 1811, the State Legislature passed the first of many laws relating to the canal. The bill added
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On April 19, 1817, the State Legislature created the Canal Fund to oversee construction. The Commissioners of the Canal Fund consisted
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In 1903 New York State legislature authorized construction of the "New York State Barge Canal" as the "improvement of the Erie, the
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elected at the next State election if there was a remainder of the term. The Constitution of 1846 shortened the term to three years.
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1916:
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In June 1810, the commissioners were prepared to head west to survey the land to determine a possible route for their canal. Though
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1905:
Holley was the Treasurer of the Canal Commission, and resigned after a shortage of $ 30,000 was discovered in his accounts. See:
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to Lake Erie by carriage. DeWitt Clinton kept a journal for the entire journey, in which he closely documented their adventures.
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Elected in November 1844 to a two-year term; the Constitution of 1846 extended his term until December 31, 1847; then resigned
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The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished by an amendment in 1876, with the functions of the office taken over by the new
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370:
2001:
so that their terms were extended, while the terms of the incumbents with a four-year term (Bissell and Clark) were shortened.
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Became a Clintonian when the Federalist Party disbanded; died in office; longest-serving Canal Commissioner (almost 29 years)
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1404:
382:
179:
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Appointed by the Governor in place of Redfield, then elected by the State Legislature on January 9, 1836 to succeed himself
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Appointed by the Governor in place of Seymour, then elected by the State Legislature on January 9, 1832, to succeed himself
455:". In 1905, construction of the Barge Canal began; it was completed in 1918, at a cost of $ 96.7 million. Now known as the
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2100:
Koeppel, Gerard, "Bond of Union: Building the Erie Canal and the American Empire", Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2009.
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The project was soon caught up in politics, with either party attempting to receive the credit for the construction; the
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166:. When he found his company in financial trouble, he drew upon the idea first proposed by Joshua Forman (member of the
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400:. Recognizing Hart’s political allegiance, the Bucktail majority of the State Legislature elected a Clinton opponent,
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393:. The existing Canal Commission was keep a separate planning body, thereby splitting Clinton's power over the canal.
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Second term; elected in November 1844 to a four-year term; legislated out of office by the Constitution of 1846
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in 1808) of building a canal, rather than trying to navigate the rivers. He turned to his friend Platt, then a
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Appointed by the Governor in place of Bascom to fill vacancy, then elected for the remainder of Bascom's term
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Legislated out of office, office abolished and responsibilities taken over by Superintendent of Public Works
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Second term; legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844, re-elected to a two-year term; died in office
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Appointed by the Governor in place of Ellicott until the election of a successor by the State Legislature
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The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished in 1876, and their responsibilities were taken over by the
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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became the biggest port on the eastern seaboard based on its navigable connection to the Great Lakes.
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345:. Ellicott was well informed about the lands in western New York as well as being an agent of the
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139:
1955:
The number of Commissioners was reduced from 6 to 4, so that Clark and Hooker lost their office.
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In 1846, the newly created office of State Engineer and Surveyor replaced the Surveyor General.
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A Treatise on Internal Navigation - A Comprehensive Study of Canals in Great Britain and Holland
317:, officials could turn their attention towards the canal, which they did in a public meeting in
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257:, the Commission stated that such large endeavors were too expensive for private financing.
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2055:, was rejected by the State Senate, and no other nomination was made until January 1878.
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bill so he was not seen as blocking the necessary funds. The Bucktails promptly elected
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Commissioners to Construct a Canal from the Hudson River to Lake Erie and Lake Champlain
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209:
131:
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Succeeding Hart, elected by the State Legislature in place of Ellicott; then resigned
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1414:
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1046:
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struggled to gain control over the Commission, still firmly held by Clinton in 1817.
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123:
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2012:
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1896:
Clinton was removed for political reasons without the appointment of a substitute.
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Elected by the State Legislature in place of Hoffman, but declined to take office
142:, but this was controlled mainly by the British from Canada. After examining the
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Elected in November 1847, drew the one-year term; then re-elected to a full term
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1220:
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and Benjamin Wright. From there, they traveled the final one hundred miles from
205:
159:
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to the Commission. Fulton had developed the first steamboat that ran along the
98:
was established to oversee the funding of construction of the canal. In 1826 a
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109:
in February 1878. The Canal Fund and the Canal Board were abolished in 1910.
796:
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221:
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The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769-1828
1824:
compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858; page 40)
1788:
compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (page 40; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
1797:
This sale was concluded only in 1817, the price of $ 152,718.52 was paid.
1465:
elected by the State Legislature to fill vacancy caused by the death of
1193:
Elected by the State Legislature in place of Jones to fill the vacancy
135:
1469:
who had been elected on November 6, 1860, but died on November 13
76:
Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie and Report
1174:
Appointed by the Governor in place of Earll to fill the vacancy
302:
With the outbreak of war, Van Rensselaer became the Head of the
126:
expanded into western New York and the Northwest Territory, the
2212:
2114:
1409:
appointed by the Governor in place of Whallon to fill vacancy
15:
1488:
Succeeding Bruce, elected for the remainder of Barnes's term
154:
The origins of the Commission can be traced back to two men:
2107:
Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1990.
913:
Elected by the State Legislature in place of Van Rensselaer
33:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1549:
impeached by the State Assembly in 1868, acquitted by the
1291:
Impeached by the State Assembly in 1853, acquitted by the
278:
and estate of the Western Inland Lock Navigation Company.
282:
however, was assigned to Clinton and Morris, who went to
1908:
Erie Water West - A History of the Erie Canal, 1792-1854
2105:
Erie Water West: A History of the Erie Canal, 1792-1854
1911:
by Ronald E. Shaw (University Press of Kentucky, 1990,
39:
2319:
2244:
2179:
2148:
1234:Elected in November 1847, drew the three-year term
1215:Elected in November 1847, drew the two-year term
322:State Legislature to go ahead with construction.
1079:Legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844
1060:Legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844
1041:legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844
1022:Legislated out of office by Act of May 6, 1844
220:a commission to explore a route for a canal to
2224:
2126:
2047:Works was appointed. The nominee of Governor
8:
1864:History of the Barge Canal of New York State
1837:History of the Barge Canal of New York State
1551:New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments
1293:New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments
1984:Documentary Sketch of New York State Canals
2231:
2217:
2209:
2133:
2119:
2111:
2097:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
470:
2383:1810 establishments in New York (state)
2292:Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals
1776:
2090:, New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 2005.
146:, a canal from the Great Lakes to the
7:
412:, another staunch Clinton opponent.
118:Origins of the Erie Canal Commission
2287:Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals
420:Later reorganization and operations
326:New appointments to the commission
14:
2267:Temporary President of the Senate
2239:Officers in the State of New York
2310:
2190:New York State Canal Corporation
461:New York State Canal Corporation
286:, to solicit aid from President
237:they met two amateur surveyors,
20:
2068:New York State Attorney General
96:Commissioners of the Canal Fund
2337:Superintendent of Public Works
1867:. J. B. Lyon Company. p.
1840:. J. B. Lyon Company. p.
1744:Superintendent of Public Works
1683:died in office; son-in-law of
107:Superintendent of Public Works
1:
2297:Clerk of the Court of Appeals
601:Removed by State Legislature
208:, and Democratic-Republicans
438:Commissioner of Public Works
82:, was a body created by the
2302:Clerk of the State Assembly
2142:New York State Canal System
1861:Whitford, Noble E. (1922).
1834:Whitford, Noble E. (1922).
467:List of Canal Commissioners
457:New York State Canal System
426:New York State Constitution
404:, in 1819 to succeed Hart.
2399:
2352:Inspector of State Prisons
185:New York State Legislature
84:New York State Legislature
2308:
2073:in NYT on January 7, 1878
2071:Augustus Schoonmaker, Jr.
479:
476:
473:
298:War of 1812 and aftermath
2378:Erie Canal Commissioners
459:, it is operated by the
453:Cayuga and Seneca Canals
2262:Speaker of the Assembly
1821:The New York Civil List
1785:The New York Civil List
168:New York State Assembly
1991:(Van Benthuysen, 1863)
1729:Christopher A. Walrath
617:Federalist/Clintonian
607:Stephen Van Rensselaer
304:New York State Militia
261:Response to the report
198:Stephen Van Rensselaer
190:Democratic-Republicans
42:by rewriting it in an
2198:Erie Canal Commission
2088:Wedding of the Waters
754:Dem.-Rep./Clintonian
714:Dem.-Rep./Clintonian
80:Erie Canal Commission
2086:Bernstein, Peter L,
2015:to fill the vacancy.
1494:Franklin A. Alberger
626:Robert R. Livingston
347:Holland Land Company
271:Robert R. Livingston
86:in 1810 to plan the
2257:Lieutenant Governor
2171:Cayuga–Seneca Canal
2053:George B. McClellan
1358:Charles H. Sherrill
1319:Cornelius Gardinier
937:Simon Newton Dexter
845:Heman Judd Redfield
371:Lieutenant Governor
309:Finally, after the
228:Surveying the route
2347:Canal Commissioner
2272:Secretary of State
1717:December 31, 1877
1699:December 31, 1876
1692:James Jackson, Jr.
1659:December 31, 1874
1640:December 31, 1872
1621:December 31, 1871
1583:December 31, 1873
1565:December 31, 1869
1543:December 31, 1868
1522:December 31, 1866
1501:December 31, 1867
1482:December 31, 1863
1459:December 31, 1861
1440:December 31, 1865
1433:William I. Skinner
1422:December 31, 1861
1401:December 31, 1858
1383:December 31, 1860
1365:December 31, 1859
1326:December 31, 1856
1307:December 31, 1857
1285:December 31, 1853
1266:December 31, 1855
1247:December 31, 1851
1228:December 31, 1850
1206:December 31, 1849
1187:December 31, 1847
1184:November 15, 1847
1168:December 31, 1847
1149:December 31, 1847
1111:December 31, 1847
995:February 22, 1840
977:February 22, 1840
973:George H. Boughton
959:February 22, 1840
941:February 22, 1840
923:February 22, 1840
904:February 18, 1839
889:February 22, 1840
870:February 22, 1840
814:February 22, 1840
792:February 22, 1840
730:February 22, 1840
654:February 24, 1815
633:February 26, 1813
566:Peter Buell Porter
383:Secretary of State
218:Peter Buell Porter
178:and leader of the
140:St. Lawrence River
138:was by way of the
44:encyclopedic style
31:is written like a
2360:
2359:
2282:State Comptroller
2206:
2205:
1989:Sylvanus H. Sweet
1925:978-0-8131-0801-8
1768:
1767:
1758:February 8, 1878
1736:February 8, 1878
1685:Benjamin F. Bruce
1677:December 2, 1875
1652:Alexander Barkley
1633:William W. Wright
1614:George W. Chapman
1602:November 7, 1869
1515:Benjamin F. Bruce
1475:William W. Wright
1456:January 16, 1861
1452:Benjamin F. Bruce
1394:Samuel B. Ruggles
1337:Samuel S. Whallon
1259:Frederick Follett
1165:December 3, 1846
1146:February 3, 1845
1130:November 1, 1847
1127:February 3, 1845
1108:February 8, 1842
1104:Daniel P. Bissell
1092:October 28, 1846
1089:February 8, 1842
1073:February 3, 1845
1070:February 8, 1842
1054:February 3, 1845
1051:February 8, 1842
1032:February 8, 1842
1013:February 8, 1842
998:February 8, 1842
980:February 8, 1842
962:February 8, 1842
944:February 8, 1842
926:February 8, 1842
907:February 8, 1842
900:Samuel B. Ruggles
668:Charles D. Cooper
614:January 26, 1839
492:Gouverneur Morris
375:State Comptroller
251:George Washington
234:Gouverneur Morris
194:Gouverneur Morris
72:
71:
64:
2390:
2314:
2277:Attorney General
2233:
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2103:Shaw, Ronald E,
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1808:Port of New York
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1798:
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1789:
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1755:January 1, 1877
1714:January 1, 1875
1696:January 1, 1874
1674:January 1, 1873
1670:Reuben W. Stroud
1656:January 1, 1872
1637:January 1, 1870
1599:January 1, 1869
1580:January 1, 1868
1562:January 1, 1867
1540:January 1, 1866
1519:January 1, 1864
1498:January 1, 1862
1479:January 1, 1862
1467:Samuel H. Barnes
1437:January 1, 1860
1419:January 1, 1859
1380:January 1, 1858
1362:January 1, 1857
1341:January 1, 1856
1323:January 1, 1854
1304:January 1, 1852
1282:January 1, 1851
1263:January 1, 1850
1244:January 1, 1848
1225:January 1, 1848
1203:January 1, 1848
1085:Jonas Earll, Jr.
1066:George W. Little
807:Jonas Earll, Jr.
785:William C. Bouck
471:
410:William C. Bouck
391:Surveyor General
379:Attorney General
313:made peace with
284:Washington, D.C.
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16:
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2327:State Treasurer
2320:Defunct offices
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2245:Current offices
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2161:Champlain Canal
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2139:
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2049:Lucius Robinson
2045:
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2026:Anti-Rent Party
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1801:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1751:Darius A. Ogden
1608:died in office
1558:Stephen T. Hayt
1352:Died in office
1231:Whig/Anti-Rent
1199:Nelson J. Beach
1123:Nathaniel Jones
826:Michael Hoffman
789:March 21, 1821
767:March 24, 1819
751:March 24, 1819
727:April 17, 1816
711:March 30, 1824
708:April 17, 1816
690:April 17, 1816
686:Joseph Ellicott
675:April 17, 1816
662:Died in office
641:Died in office
611:March 15, 1810
593:April 12, 1824
590:March 15, 1810
573:April 17, 1816
570:March 15, 1810
555:April 17, 1816
552:March 15, 1810
535:April 17, 1816
532:March 15, 1810
517:April 17, 1816
514:March 15, 1810
499:April 17, 1816
496:March 15, 1810
469:
422:
387:State Treasurer
332:Joseph Ellicott
328:
300:
263:
255:Potomac Company
230:
172:Onondaga County
120:
115:
78:, known as the
68:
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40:help improve it
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1733:December 1875
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955:Henry Hamilton
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830:April 4, 1833
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748:June 18, 1818
746:
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651:April 8, 1811
649:
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630:April 8, 1811
628:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
603:
602:
599:
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588:
586:DeWitt Clinton
582:
581:
579:
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562:
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541:
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528:Simeon De Witt
524:
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224:, and report.
210:DeWitt Clinton
132:Atlantic Ocean
119:
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28:
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19:
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2018:
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1926:
1922:
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1917:0-8131-0801-2
1914:
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1596:
1595:Oliver Bascom
1593:
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1415:Hiram Gardner
1413:
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1344:July 6, 1858
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1197:
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1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
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1180:Thomas Clowes
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
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1158:
1154:
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1148:
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1142:Stephen Clark
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1132:
1129:
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1120:
1116:
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1064:
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1056:
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1050:
1048:
1047:Benjamin Enos
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Stephen Clark
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
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985:
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922:
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917:
916:
912:
909:
906:
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901:
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894:
891:
888:
886:May 25, 1836
885:
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882:William Baker
880:
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869:
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794:
791:
788:
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769:
766:
764:
763:Henry Seymour
761:
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747:
745:
742:
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697:
695:
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689:
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680:
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674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
659:
656:
653:
650:
648:
647:Robert Fulton
645:
644:
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638:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
608:
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598:
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592:
589:
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584:
583:
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575:
572:
569:
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563:
560:
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551:
549:
546:
545:
542:
540:
537:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
511:
510:William North
508:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
493:
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489:
485:
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472:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
434:
430:
427:
419:
417:
413:
411:
405:
403:
402:Henry Seymour
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
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376:
372:
368:
367:
361:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
320:
319:New York City
316:
315:Great Britain
312:
311:United States
307:
305:
297:
295:
293:
289:
288:James Madison
285:
279:
276:
272:
268:
267:Robert Fulton
260:
258:
256:
252:
246:
244:
240:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
214:Simeon DeWitt
211:
207:
203:
202:William North
199:
195:
191:
186:
181:
177:
176:State Senator
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:United States
117:
112:
110:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
66:
63:
55:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
2346:
2197:
2194:
2186:
2166:Oswego Canal
2104:
2094:
2087:
2060:
2042:
2033:
2020:
2013:Silas Wright
2006:
1996:
1983:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1941:
1932:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1836:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1779:
1646:Second term
1530:Second term
1240:Charles Cook
1035:May 6, 1844
1028:James Hooker
1016:May 6, 1844
919:David Hudson
849:May 9, 1835
833:May 6, 1835
744:Ephraim Hart
723:Samuel Young
704:Myron Holley
480:Left office
477:Took office
442:
435:
431:
423:
414:
406:
398:Ephraim Hart
395:
364:
362:
355:
350:
342:
340:Samuel Young
336:Myron Holley
329:
308:
301:
280:
275:Hudson River
264:
247:
239:James Geddes
231:
164:Lake Ontario
153:
148:Hudson River
144:Mohawk River
121:
104:
99:
95:
91:
90:. In 1817 a
79:
75:
73:
58:
52:January 2018
49:
30:
2066:Opinion of
1761:Democratic
1739:Democratic
1720:Democratic
1710:Adin Thayer
1702:Democratic
1680:Republican
1662:Republican
1643:Democratic
1624:Democratic
1605:Democratic
1586:Democratic
1576:John D. Fay
1568:Republican
1546:Republican
1485:Democratic
1462:Republican
1443:Democratic
1425:Republican
1386:Democratic
1368:Republican
1288:Democratic
1269:Democratic
1221:Jacob Hinds
1171:Democratic
1152:Democratic
1133:Democratic
1114:Democratic
1095:Democratic
1076:Democratic
1057:Democratic
1038:Democratic
1019:Democratic
991:Asa Whitney
892:Democratic
873:Democratic
863:John Bowman
854:Democratic
836:Democratic
817:Democratic
558:Federalist
548:Thomas Eddy
520:Federalist
502:Federalist
292:War of 1812
243:Lake Seneca
206:Thomas Eddy
180:Federalists
160:Jonas Platt
156:Thomas Eddy
128:Great Lakes
100:Canal Board
2373:Erie Canal
2367:Categories
2342:Chancellor
2180:Governance
2156:Erie Canal
2081:References
2051:, General
1874:2008-02-07
1847:2008-02-07
1589:Two terms
1509:Two terms
1446:Two terms
1405:Republican
1398:July 1858
1313:Two terms
1272:two terms
795:Dem.-Rep./
773:Dem.-Rep./
733:Dem.-Rep./
678:Dem.-Rep.
366:ex officio
92:Canal Fund
88:Erie Canal
2195:Historic:
1211:Anti-Rent
867:May 1835
839:Resigned
811:May 1831
797:Bucktails
775:Bucktails
770:May 1831
735:Bucktails
717:resigned
698:Resigned
658:Dem.-Rep.
637:Dem.-Rep.
597:Dem.-Rep.
577:Dem.-Rep.
539:Dem.-Rep.
449:Champlain
358:Bucktails
222:Lake Erie
151:project.
2252:Governor
2187:Current:
1946:instead.
1348:American
451:and the
389:and the
369:of the
122:As the
113:History
94:led by
38:Please
2149:Canals
1923:
1915:
799:/Dem.
486:Notes
483:Party
447:, the
445:Oswego
385:, the
381:, the
377:, the
373:, the
136:Europe
1771:Notes
1526:Union
1505:Union
1329:Whig
1310:Whig
1250:Whig
1209:Whig/
1190:Whig
1001:Whig
983:Whig
965:Whig
947:Whig
929:Whig
910:Whig
693:1818
672:1815
474:Name
170:from
1921:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1806:The
424:The
338:and
269:and
216:and
204:and
158:and
134:and
74:The
1987:by
1869:557
253:’s
2369::
1919:,
1842:14
463:.
440:.
353:.
334:,
294:.
212:,
200:,
196:,
2232:e
2225:t
2218:v
2134:e
2127:t
2120:v
1927:)
1877:.
1850:.
65:)
59:(
54:)
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46:.
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