33:
77:
418:
311:
287:
52:
389:
identified. The
Sardinian population appeared to have a higher level of genetic variability, suggesting that this may be the ancestral population that has migrated west and north since the last Ice Age. The low levels of diversity might be due to founder effects, whereby a small number of individuals have given rise to the entire Atlantic seaboard population.
270:. It occurs on free-draining stony soils close to the sea and, very occasionally, in similar situations inland. Most of the world's population occurs in southern Britain and Brittany, but it is found in scattered locations around the coast of Europe as far as Corsica and Italy, and south to the Canary Isles.
476:
The native habitat of sea stork's-bill is generally on rocky, stony ground near the sea, with free-draining soil. It is mesotrophic, calcifugous and xerophilic. In
Britain it is considered to have an alternative habitat in short, acid grassland in inland places, but it has disappeared from most such
397:
Sea stork's-bill is almost entirely restricted to western Europe, where it has a very
Atlantic distribution, mainly in south-western Britain, southern Ireland and Brittany. It extends to north-west Spain and the western Mediterranean to Italy. In north Africa it is found only in the Canary Islands
388:
A 2012 study of the genetics of sea stork's-bill found that populations on the
Atlantic coast of Europe lacked diversity, and plants throughout this area were all closely related to each other, as if long-distance dispersal events were frequent. However, no obvious mechanism for this dispersal was
525:
There are as yet no known associations between insects and sea stork's-bill. It is commonly self-pollinating, but ants and flies are known to visit the flowers, although this apparently does not result in an increase in seed production. Seed dispersal is thought to be facilitated by endozoochory
282:
herb which typically grows in rosettes pressed flat to the ground, with a deep tap root that allows it to survive through the summer on dry soils. The leaves are all or mostly basal, but are arranged in opposite pairs if the stem elongates. The leaves are simple, oval in outline, up to 2 cm
496:
Although it normally shuns alkaline soils, it is recorded as growing on limestone hills near
Bristol. Where it does so is either "overlooking salt water... or in valleys that were once arms of the sea; never inland," so it may be that the saline influence is more significant than the soil type.
482:
302:
flowers have five green, pointed, hairy sepals a few millimetres long and usually no petals at all, but sometimes small white petals about the same size as the sepals. If present, the petals fall soon after flowering. There are five stamens, and five carpels which develop into beaked
492:
hillside, at an altitude of 220 m above sea level. Secondary populations occasionally appear on roadsides, railway lines, walls, in quarries and car parks, but these tend not to persist. In
Corsica it occurs at all altitudes, from coastal dunes to over 1,500 m inland.
515:
526:(specifically, being eaten but not digested by rabbits) and epizoochory (carried on the fur). Although it is sometimes described as occurring in gull colonies, studies have shown no evidence that the seeds are carried by seabirds.
803:
Alarcon, M.L.; Vargas, P.; Aldasoro, J.J. (2012). "Erodium maritimum (Geraniaceae), a species with an uneven and fragmented distribution along the
Western Mediterranean and European Atlantic coasts, has a weak genetic structure".
700:
Caroli
Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale
504:
in
Britain are L = 9, F = 4, R = 6, N = 6, and S = 3, which supports the conclusion that it favours brightly lit places with low moisture, circumneutral acidity, moderate fertility, and high salinity.
429:) and it is clearly increasing in the south-east and East Anglia. Similarly, in mainland France it is generally classified as LC. It is restricted to a short stretch of coastline from the
283:
long, shallowly lobed and quite strongly toothed, with a petiole that can be as long, or longer, than the blade. The surface of the leaf is streaked with long, white, appressed hairs.
507:
While it is potentially a perennial, sea stork's-bill often behaves as a spring annual, becoming abundant in a wet year and sometimes disappearing above ground in a dry summer.
1203:
385:
There are no currently accepted subspecies or varieties, although several have been suggested in the past, and it is not known to hybridise with any other species.
379:. A couple of other synonyms have been created over the years (i.e. similar plants were mistakenly thought to be new species) but they have never been widely used.
342:
For technical confirmation, the pit at the apex of the mericarp is hidden by long hairs in sea stork's-bill, whereas it is generally visible in the other species.
1520:
1623:
519:
368:
1468:
547:
449:
and the Loire. The isolated population in
Corsica is similarly listed as LC. By contrast it is considered to be Critically Endangered in Spain.
1163:
1096:
780:
681:
653:
628:
580:
1018:
1455:
1136:
1071:
514:
is N34 "Atlantic and Baltic soft sea cliffs", for which it is a diagnostic species. This habitat is subject to protection under the
339:
also have simple leaves but, like the other three, both have large, persistent petals, whereas sea stork's-bill usually has none.
446:
298:
flowers are arranged singly (occasionally in pairs), arising from the middle of the rosette on short patent-hairy pedicels. The
1494:
1256:
1548:
481:
in Shropshire, where it was found over 200 years ago by the Jamaican-English botanist Mary McGhie and is still present, in
1507:
1034:
323:
Sea stork's-bill can be separated from other stork's-bills in the areas where it grows by the division of the leaves:
425:
Its conservation status globally has not been assessed but in Britain, where it is most common, it is listed as LC (
414:). Some sources suggest that it has been introduced to Tasmania, but a 2021 census of plants did not list it there.
1569:
1525:
1574:
76:
1628:
1179:
407:
307:
that look like miniature storks bills, less than 1 cm long. The flowers are usually self pollinating.
1359:
489:
1397:
426:
193:
747:
1153:
1429:
539:
698:
41:
32:
1595:
543:
442:
430:
332:
324:
215:
71:
1127:
Sinker, C.A.; Packham, J.R.; Trueman, I.C; Oswald, P.H.; Perring, F.H.; Prestwood, W.V. (1985).
464:, although it is also sometimes found in less natural places, including the station platform at
1533:
1416:
1252:
1159:
1132:
1092:
1067:
1014:
776:
677:
649:
624:
576:
417:
328:
1633:
1538:
846:
813:
485:
438:
501:
456:, or species typical of valuable habitats. These are mostly the ones in the west, such as
372:
361:
in 1763 but, together with several other similar species, it was transferred to the genus
310:
295:
286:
263:
114:
939:
1561:
1556:
336:
101:
1617:
871:
817:
468:. Eastern counties, such as Kent, are less likely to consider it to be an axiophyte.
358:
299:
61:
56:
1600:
1421:
1408:
1245:
Ellenberg's indicator values for British plants. ECOFACT Volume 2. Technical Annex
460:, where it is found on stony slopes and screes on south-facing hillsides such as
1512:
1481:
1391:
267:
160:
1382:
1318:
911:
1243:
457:
304:
150:
1460:
399:
1442:
551:
478:
453:
1587:
964:
511:
375:
in 1789, on the basis that they only have 5 stamens, rather than the 10 of
1582:
1376:
434:
127:
1180:"SEASIDE IN LITTLE COMBERTON OR ERODIUM MARITIMUM ON A VILLAGE DRIVEWAY"
1473:
873:
A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island
718:
363:
279:
170:
1486:
748:"Erodium maritimum L'HĂ©r. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
411:
403:
140:
1499:
1353:
1204:"Portail français d'accès aux données d'observation sur les espèces"
452:
In some counties in Britain sea stork's-bill is considered to be an
1447:
465:
416:
402:, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) and Tunisia (a specimen collected at
309:
285:
88:
510:
The only vegetation community listed for sea stork's-bill in the
1434:
461:
1357:
887:
1242:
Hill, M.O.; Mountford, J.O.; Roy, D.B.; Bunce, R.G.H. (1999).
989:
704:. Vol. v.2. Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii.
1294:
331:
is 1-pinnate, whereas sea stork's bill has simple leaves.
990:"Axiophytes – Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland"
876:. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery.
697:
Linné, Carl von; Linné, Carl von; Salvius, Lars (1762).
775:. Bristol: Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.
1366:
421:
Sea stork's-bill in acid grassland on the Long Mynd
1062:Preston, C.D.; Pearman, D.A.; Dines, T.D. (2002).
771:Stace, C.A.; Preston, C.D.; Pearman, D.A. (2015).
1295:"BRC - Database of Insects and their Food Plants"
1158:. Montford Bridge: Shropshire Botanical Society.
847:"Biota - Erodium maritimum (L.) L'HĂ©r. in Aiton"
623:(4th ed.). Suffolk: C&M Floristics.
8:
933:
931:
667:
665:
327:and sticky stork's-bill are twice-pinnate,
1354:
1222:
1220:
798:
796:
794:
792:
601:Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 3
520:British National Vegetation Classification
50:
31:
20:
1344:First Records of British Flowering Plants
1131:. Shrewsbury: Shropshire Wildlife Trust.
1129:Ecological Flora of the Shropshire Region
969:Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel
888:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
1283:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1064:New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora
1042:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
965:"Erodium maritime, Bec-de-grue maritime"
835:. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.
674:Flore du Massif armoricain et ses marges
603:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
959:
957:
646:The Vegetative Key to the British Flora
614:
612:
610:
594:
592:
563:
1231:. Bath: R.A. Blackwell & Partners.
1155:The Flora and Vegetation of Shropshire
742:
740:
738:
713:
711:
906:
904:
831:Perring, F.H.; Walters, S.M. (1962).
676:(in French). Mèze: Editions Biotope.
314:Flowering rosette of sea stork's-bill
7:
1281:British Plant Communities, vols. 1-5
1251:. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
1152:Lockton, Alex; Whild, Sarah (2015).
644:Poland, John; Clement, Eric (2009).
369:Charles Louis L'HĂ©ritier de Brutelle
1624:IUCN Red List least concern species
1066:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
599:Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (2009).
410:) and it is known on the island of
1575:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60438187-2
382:Its chromosome number is 2n = 20.
14:
870:Salas, M.F.; Baker, M.L. (2021).
773:Hybrid Flora of the British Isles
1346:. London: West, Newman & Co.
818:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00621.x
538:, the geranium with leaves like
477:situations. An exception is the
278:Sea stork's-bill is a perennial
75:
944:(L.) L'HĂ©r. (Sea Stork's-bill)"
408:Paris Museum of Natural History
719:"Erodium maritimum (L.) L'HĂ©r"
621:New Flora of the British Isles
1:
1091:. Stoke Bliss: Roger Maskew.
546:, who found it "over against
534:The first British record (as
518:. It is not mentioned in the
1013:. Aberystwyth: A.O. Chater.
851:www.biodiversidadcanarias.es
648:. Southampton: John Poland.
488:grassland on a south-facing
1279:Rodwell, J.S. (1991–2000).
1089:The Flora of Worcestershire
672:Guillemot, Vincent (2023).
575:. London: Frederick Warne.
441:; but it is considered VU (
1650:
1116:. London: John van Voorst.
948:Kent Rare Plant Register E
833:Atlas of the British Flora
752:Plants of the World Online
542:) was made around 1666 by
337:Mediterranean stork's-bill
16:Species of flowering plant
221:
214:
199:
192:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
938:Kitchener, G.D. (2023).
536:Geranium Betonicae folio
512:European Habitats System
1112:Leighton, W.A. (1841).
393:Distribution and status
367:by the French botanist
1087:Maskew, Roger (2014).
1011:Flora of Cardiganshire
571:Rose, Francis (2006).
422:
315:
291:
1342:Clarke, W.A. (1900).
1114:A Flora of Shropshire
1009:Chater, A.O. (2010).
548:Saint Vincent's Rocks
420:
353:was originally named
313:
289:
1227:White, J.W. (1912).
619:Stace, C.A. (2019).
290:Detail of the leaves
573:The Wild Flower Key
472:Habitat and ecology
325:common stork's-bill
42:Conservation status
1323:plantatlas2020.org
916:plantatlas2020.org
544:Christopher Merret
431:Cotentin Peninsula
423:
406:in 1884 is at the
355:Geranium maritimum
316:
292:
262:, is a herbaceous
241:Geranium littoreum
225:Geranium maritimum
1611:
1610:
1534:Open Tree of Life
1398:Erodium maritimum
1368:Erodium maritimum
1360:Taxon identifiers
1229:The Bristol Flora
1165:978-0-9530937-2-4
1098:978-0-9926693-0-0
1035:"Kent Axiophytes"
942:Erodium maritimum
782:978-0-901158-48-2
683:978-2-36662-301-7
655:978-0-9560144-0-5
630:978-1-5272-2630-2
582:978-0-7232-5175-0
351:Erodium maritimum
333:Soft stork's-bill
329:musk stork's-bill
255:Erodium maritimum
251:
250:
245:
237:
229:
203:Erodium maritimum
185:E. maritimum
65:
25:Erodium maritimum
1641:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1513:NHMSYS0000458573
1503:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1387:
1386:
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1355:
1348:
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1339:
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1315:
1309:
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1291:
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1250:
1239:
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1224:
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1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1176:
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1149:
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1118:
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1109:
1103:
1102:
1084:
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1059:
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1039:
1031:
1025:
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1006:
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986:
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979:
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961:
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935:
926:
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641:
635:
634:
616:
605:
604:
596:
587:
586:
568:
502:Ellenberg values
439:Pays de la Loire
260:sea stork's-bill
243:
235:
233:Erodium bocconei
227:
205:
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1629:Flora of Europe
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
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1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
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1506:
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1472:
1467:
1459:
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1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1396:
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1381:
1380:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1341:
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1336:
1327:
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1301:
1293:
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1288:
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1277:
1273:
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1259:
1248:
1241:
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1236:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1184:www.wbrc.org.uk
1178:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1020:9-780956-575005
1008:
1007:
1003:
994:
992:
988:
987:
983:
973:
971:
963:
962:
955:
937:
936:
929:
920:
918:
910:
909:
902:
892:
890:
886:
885:
881:
869:
868:
864:
855:
853:
845:
844:
840:
830:
829:
825:
802:
801:
790:
783:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
746:
745:
736:
727:
725:
717:
716:
709:
696:
695:
691:
684:
671:
670:
663:
656:
643:
642:
638:
631:
618:
617:
608:
598:
597:
590:
583:
570:
569:
565:
560:
532:
516:Bern Convention
474:
398:(specifically,
395:
373:Hortus Kewensis
348:
321:
276:
264:perennial plant
210:
207:
201:
188:
74:
66:
55:
51:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:wfo-0000676969
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1403:
1388:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1310:
1299:dbif.brc.ac.uk
1286:
1271:
1257:
1234:
1216:
1195:
1171:
1164:
1144:
1137:
1119:
1104:
1097:
1079:
1072:
1054:
1026:
1019:
1001:
981:
953:
927:
900:
879:
862:
838:
823:
788:
781:
763:
734:
707:
689:
682:
661:
654:
636:
629:
606:
588:
581:
562:
561:
559:
556:
554:in Cornwall."
531:
528:
486:sheep's sorrel
473:
470:
394:
391:
347:
344:
320:
319:Identification
317:
300:hermaphroditic
275:
272:
266:in the family
249:
248:
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238:
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68:
67:
49:
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45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1646:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1544:
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1522:
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1514:
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1483:
1479:
1475:
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1466:
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1418:
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1247:
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1238:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1138:0-95086-371-8
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1073:0-19-851067-5
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1002:
991:
985:
982:
970:
966:
960:
958:
954:
949:
945:
943:
934:
932:
928:
917:
913:
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905:
901:
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866:
863:
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848:
842:
839:
834:
827:
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819:
815:
811:
807:
806:Plant Biology
799:
797:
795:
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789:
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778:
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1319:"PlantAtlas"
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1482:iNaturalist
1392:Wikispecies
812:: 186–194.
552:Bass Castle
550:... and at
462:Foel y Mwnt
274:Description
268:Geraniaceae
209:(L.) L'HĂ©r.
161:Geraniaceae
115:Angiosperms
1618:Categories
1557:Plant List
1500:60438187-2
1328:2024-03-25
1304:2024-03-25
1258:1870393481
1189:2024-03-22
1047:6 December
995:2024-03-23
921:2024-03-21
856:2024-03-22
757:2024-03-17
728:2024-03-17
558:References
443:vulnerable
280:monoecious
151:Geraniales
479:Long Mynd
454:axiophyte
305:mericarps
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1588:13900346
1583:Tropicos
1383:Q2893407
1377:Wikidata
1209:26 March
974:21 March
950:: 45–47.
893:21 March
701:digestas
447:Normandy
435:Brittany
433:through
400:La Palma
377:Geranium
359:Linnaeus
346:Taxonomy
216:Synonyms
157:Family:
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
1634:Erodium
1474:3826819
1435:5015624
530:History
437:to the
364:Erodium
172:Erodium
167:Genus:
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
1539:811807
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1487:245734
1461:172679
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1406:APDB:
1264:29 May
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412:Zembra
404:Nabeul
258:, the
141:Rosids
1546:PFI:
1456:EUNIS
1448:EROMA
1422:3B93X
1249:(PDF)
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490:shale
466:Borth
445:) in
135:Clade
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109:Clade
96:Clade
1570:POWO
1549:2840
1521:NCBI
1495:IPNI
1469:GBIF
1443:EPPO
1266:2017
1253:ISBN
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335:and
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814:doi
371:in
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