137:
20:
225:
Wollan remained a member of the ORNL research staff until retiring in 1967. For much of his 23-year service at ORNL, he was associate director of the
Physics Division. He continued as a consultant to ORNL until 1977. In his final years, Wollan returned to
365:
222:. Wollan was not eligible for the Nobel because he had died 10 years earlier. In his Nobel lecture Shull spoke of Wollan's contributions and expressed regret that his colleague had not lived long enough to share in the prize.
217:
for his work on neutron diffraction. The unusual delay in the Nobel award, which came more than four decades after the work that it recognized, may have resulted from negative views of the work's relationship to
140:
Hand-plotted rocking curves for Bragg scattering from single sodium chloride (salt) crystals at the X-10 reactor at Oak Ridge, obtained by Ernest O. Wollan and Lyle B. Borst in
December 1944.
785:
847:
882:
164:. Wollan and his group were transferred from the Metallurgical Laboratory to the Clinton Laboratories in August of that year. After some early setbacks, in December 1944 Wollan and
852:
156:) for permission to use the neutron output of the X-10 reactor to study the diffraction of neutrons in single crystals. His request was granted, and a neutron crystal
862:
867:
295:
804:
837:
872:
574:
Wollan, E. O.; Borst, L. B. (1945). "Physics
Section III Monthly Report for the Period Ending December 31, 1944" (Document). Oak Ridge, Tennessee:
91:
59:
877:
842:
539:
489:
83:
693:
857:
719:
897:
764:
442:
187:
153:
129:
experiment. He was also on the scene in Oak Ridge on
November 4, 1943, when the first continuously operating reactor, the
79:
892:
887:
746:
520:
213:
methodology used for determining atomic resolution structure of substances. In 1994, Shull was awarded a share of the
808:
735:
267:
160:
that Wollan brought from
Chicago was installed in the reactor that same month to make observations on a crystal of
714:
254:
106:
152:
for investigating the structure of materials. In May 1944 he asked the director of
Clinton Laboratories (now
665:
591:
214:
176:
122:
487:
Pardue, L. A.; Goldstein, N.; Wollan, E. O. (1948). "Photographic film as a pocket radiation dosimeter".
199:
63:
121:. He was one of the 50 scientists present on December 2, 1942, when the first man-made self-sustaining
832:
827:
629:
575:
374:
331:
118:
136:
210:
172:
168:
55:
760:
698:
434:
195:
39:
553:
674:
645:
620:
600:
498:
469:
402:
206:
145:
114:
435:"The early development of neutron diffraction: Science in the wings of the Manhattan Project"
27:
working with a double-crystal neutron spectrometer at the ORNL X-10 graphite reactor in 1949.
637:
459:
451:
392:
382:
339:
67:
261:
180:
633:
378:
335:
516:
464:
397:
360:
71:
43:
24:
291:
117:
research team, he focused on measuring radiation exposure, for which he developed the
19:
821:
322:
243:
239:
219:
433:
Mason, T. E.; Gawne, T. J.; Nagler, S. E.; Nestor, M. B.; Carpenter, J. M. (2013).
191:
157:
130:
126:
110:
663:
Wollan, E. O.; Shull, C. G. (1948). "Neutron diffraction and associated studies".
589:
Wollan, E. O.; Shull, C. G. (1948). "Neutron diffraction and associated studies".
641:
618:
Shull, C. G.; Wollan, E. O. (1948). "X-Ray, Electron, and
Neutron Diffraction".
544:
366:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
455:
95:
246:, Antarctica, is named in honor of Wollan's work on the crystal structure of
227:
35:
678:
649:
604:
502:
473:
406:
387:
794:(search on year=1936 and institution=Washington University in St. Louis)
165:
149:
344:
317:
98:, and worked with the Chicago Tumor Institute on its medical use of a
161:
99:
87:
148:, Wollan was one of the first to recognize the potential value of
135:
75:
133:, later known as the X-10 Graphite Reactor, first went critical.
247:
694:"Clifford G. Shull Dies at 85; Was Nobel Winner in Physics"
78:
in 1929. Over the next several years, he taught physics at
105:
In
January 1942, Wollan joined the University of Chicago
761:"Name Details: Wollan Island (United States Gazetteer)"
534:
532:
530:
316:
Snell, A. H.; Wilkinson, M. K.; Koehler, W. C. (1984).
34:(November 6, 1902 – March 11, 1984) was an American
311:
309:
307:
805:"Honorary Degrees Conferred by Concordia College"
490:Atomic Energy in Biophysics, Biology and Medicine
230:, the state of his birth, where he died in 1984.
209:, who joined him at ORNL in 1946, he developed
848:Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota) alumni
723:– via Oak Ridge Associated Universities.
38:who made major contributions in the fields of
883:Washington University in St. Louis physicists
578:. Metallurgical Project Report No. M-CP-2222.
297:Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
8:
62:in 1923, he undertook graduate study at the
540:"Ernest Wollan: Badge of Solid Distinction"
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
736:"Early Development of Neutron Scattering"
463:
396:
386:
343:
853:Fellows of the American Physical Society
285:
283:
18:
279:
58:. After earning a bachelor's degree at
713:Frame, P. W. (August–September 1996).
361:"Note on Scattering by Diatomic Gases"
198:, using the neutrons emitted from the
863:North Dakota State University faculty
202:and a modified X-ray diffractometer.
7:
868:Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
84:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
743:Nobel Lectures, Physics 1991–1995
720:Health Physics Society Newsletter
260:Concordia College awarded him an
109:at the invitation of Compton and
838:20th-century American physicists
765:Australian Antarctic Data Centre
443:Acta Crystallographica Section A
873:People from Glenwood, Minnesota
94:fellow conducting research on
16:American physicist (1902–1984)
1:
517:"Chicago Pile One Scientists"
188:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
179:" for crystals of gypsum and
154:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
878:University of Chicago alumni
519:. Office of Public Affairs,
23:Ernest O. Wollan (left) and
843:American nuclear physicists
747:World Scientific Publishing
692:Chang, K. (April 4, 2001).
642:10.1126/science.108.2795.69
552:(3–4). 1992. Archived from
521:Argonne National Laboratory
914:
809:Concordia College Archives
268:John Price Wetherill Medal
262:honorary Doctor of Science
194:, he continued study into
80:North Dakota State College
790:American Physical Society
456:10.1107/S0108767312036021
255:American Physical Society
92:National Research Council
858:Manhattan Project people
741:. In Ekspong, G. (ed.).
107:Metallurgical Laboratory
66:, where he investigated
898:Neutron instrumentation
715:"It Belonged to Wollan"
144:With his background in
54:Wollan was a native of
359:Wollan, E. O. (1931).
215:Nobel Prize in Physics
205:In collaboration with
141:
123:nuclear chain reaction
28:
734:Shull, C. G. (1997).
388:10.1073/pnas.17.8.475
200:X-10 Graphite Reactor
139:
113:. As a member of the
64:University of Chicago
22:
786:"APS Fellow Archive"
576:Clinton Laboratories
318:"Ernest Omar Wollan"
292:"Ernest Omar Wollan"
125:was achieved in the
119:film badge dosimeter
749:. pp. 145–154.
634:1948Sci...108...69S
379:1931PNAS...17..475W
336:1984PhT....37k.120S
211:neutron diffraction
173:neutron diffraction
169:Lyle Benjamin Borst
56:Glenwood, Minnesota
893:Neutron facilities
888:Neutron scattering
699:The New York Times
196:neutron scattering
171:successfully used
142:
86:, spent a year in
40:neutron scattering
32:Ernest Omar Wollan
29:
345:10.1063/1.2915947
257:, elected in 1936
234:Honors and awards
207:Clifford G. Shull
146:X-ray diffraction
115:Manhattan Project
60:Concordia College
905:
813:
812:
801:
795:
793:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
757:
751:
750:
740:
731:
725:
724:
710:
704:
703:
689:
683:
682:
660:
654:
653:
615:
609:
608:
586:
580:
579:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
536:
525:
524:
523:. June 19, 2006.
513:
507:
506:
484:
478:
477:
467:
439:
430:
411:
410:
400:
390:
356:
350:
349:
347:
313:
302:
301:
287:
68:X-ray scattering
913:
912:
908:
907:
906:
904:
903:
902:
818:
817:
816:
803:
802:
798:
784:
783:
779:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
738:
733:
732:
728:
712:
711:
707:
691:
690:
686:
662:
661:
657:
628:(2795): 69–75.
617:
616:
612:
588:
587:
583:
573:
572:
568:
559:
557:
538:
537:
528:
515:
514:
510:
486:
485:
481:
450:(Pt 1): 37–44.
437:
432:
431:
414:
358:
357:
353:
315:
314:
305:
290:Johnson, L. R.
289:
288:
281:
277:
250:using neutrons.
236:
186:Working at the
181:sodium chloride
74:and received a
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
911:
909:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
820:
819:
815:
814:
796:
777:
752:
726:
705:
684:
655:
610:
581:
566:
526:
508:
479:
412:
351:
303:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
265:
258:
253:Fellow of the
251:
235:
232:
177:rocking curves
72:Arthur Compton
51:
48:
44:health physics
25:Clifford Shull
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
910:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
810:
806:
800:
797:
791:
787:
781:
778:
766:
762:
756:
753:
748:
744:
737:
730:
727:
722:
721:
716:
709:
706:
701:
700:
695:
688:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
659:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
614:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:
585:
582:
577:
570:
567:
556:on 2016-03-04
555:
551:
547:
546:
541:
535:
533:
531:
527:
522:
518:
512:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
483:
480:
475:
471:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:
436:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
413:
408:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
355:
352:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:
323:Physics Today
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
299:
298:
293:
286:
284:
280:
274:
269:
266:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:
245:
244:Crystal Sound
241:
240:Wollan Island
238:
237:
233:
231:
229:
223:
221:
220:nuclear power
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
190:(ORNL) after
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
799:
789:
780:
770:February 25,
768:. Retrieved
755:
742:
729:
718:
708:
697:
687:
670:
664:
658:
625:
619:
613:
599:(2): 17–31.
596:
590:
584:
569:
558:. Retrieved
554:the original
549:
543:
511:
494:
488:
482:
447:
441:
373:(8): 475–9.
370:
364:
354:
327:
321:
296:
224:
204:
192:World War II
185:
175:to produce "
158:spectrometer
143:
131:Clinton Pile
127:Chicago Pile
111:Enrico Fermi
104:
53:
31:
30:
833:1984 deaths
828:1902 births
545:ORNL Review
330:(11): 120.
96:cosmic rays
822:Categories
666:Nucleonics
592:Nucleonics
560:2014-02-24
497:(5): 169.
275:References
228:Minnesota
50:Biography
36:physicist
679:18873343
673:(1): 8.
650:17838199
605:18877007
503:18878757
474:23250059
407:16587650
264:in 1965.
183:(salt).
150:neutrons
102:source.
630:Bibcode
621:Science
465:3526866
398:1076094
375:Bibcode
332:Bibcode
166:chemist
677:
648:
603:
501:
472:
462:
405:
395:
270:, 1967
162:gypsum
100:radium
88:Zurich
70:under
739:(PDF)
438:(PDF)
242:, in
90:as a
76:Ph.D.
772:2014
675:PMID
646:PMID
601:PMID
499:PMID
470:PMID
403:PMID
82:and
42:and
638:doi
626:108
460:PMC
452:doi
393:PMC
383:doi
340:doi
248:ice
824::
807:.
788:.
763:.
745:.
717:.
696:.
669:.
644:.
636:.
624:.
595:.
550:25
548:.
542:.
529:^
493:.
468:.
458:.
448:69
446:.
440:.
415:^
401:.
391:.
381:.
371:17
369:.
363:.
338:.
328:37
326:.
320:.
306:^
294:.
282:^
46:.
811:.
792:.
774:.
702:.
681:.
671:3
652:.
640::
632::
607:.
597:3
563:.
505:.
495:1
476:.
454::
409:.
385::
377::
348:.
342::
334::
300:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
