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654:) in a convoy of several vehicles when he encountered some German troops near Altenrode. They informed him that Soviet armored spearheads had already broken through. For unknown reasons, Schmauser did not heed their warnings and drove on. He went missing that date. It is believed that he fell into the hands of the Red Army and was either killed immediately or executed later in captivity. SS-
802:
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More than 56,000 prisoners were marched westwards in harsh winter conditions. In accordance with Higher Police
Headquarters (HSSPF Breslau), Schmauser ensured to the best of his ability that no inmates would end up in the hands of the Soviets. Despite the fact that Schmauser instructed the guards to
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was located within his jurisdiction. He remained a faithful Nazi and a consummate technocrat. A telling example is witnessed in the fact that
Schmauser had no qualms about using Jewish slave labor, as he reported in April 1942 to Himmler how pleased he was to have Jews working for his operation,
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evacuate everyone, some inmates too sick to make the trek were just left behind. Nonetheless, camp guards shot those too weak to continue or those who failed to keep pace, which amounted to upwards of 25 percent of them. A small percentage eventually made it to the
608:. By 21 December 1944 the Red Army had drawn close enough that orders were issued for Auschwitz to be totally evacuated. It was Schmauser who followed Himmler's order to expedite the camp's inmates away as he was in charge in
410:. However, in the election of November 1932, he lost his mandate. A year later, in November 1933, Schmauser returned as a deputy and served until his death in February 1945. He represented constituency 24,
487:. Schmauser was considered one of the few ranking members of the SS trustworthy enough to be involved in the arrests and killings (despite his past as an SA officer). Schmauser was present when SS-
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of the Red Army arrived on 27 January 1945 and liberated the
Auschwitz concentration camp. Nearly 8,000 inmates escaped death because the remaining SS units had fled as the Red Army arrived.
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634:. An SS detachment shot 200 Jewish women and then blew up the buildings that housed crematoria I and II. Under order from Schmauser, 700 prisoners from Auschwitz–Birkenau and other
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since workers were otherwise scarcely available. When the first gas chamber was tested at
Auschwitz in the summer of 1942, Schmauser was present, as were both Himmler and
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365:. It was a temporary career path which he considered beneath his social standing. He married in 1921, and had two children by his wife. Schmauser joined the early
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In early March 1930, Schmauser rejoined the Nazi Party (Party membership number: 215,704). As an early Party member, he would later be awarded the
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The
Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/1947: Transcripts, Material of the Prosecution and Defense, Related Documents. Guide to the Microfiche-Edition
883:
The
Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/1947: Transcripts, Material of the Prosecution and Defense, Related Documents. Guide to the Microfiche-Edition
383:. He was sporadically active on the political scene as were many other former military officers in the wake of the collapsing Weimar economy.
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concentration camp, in which upwards of 25 percent of the prisoners were killed. In the last months of the war, he was captured by the
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Himmlers Mann in NĂĽrnberg. Der Fall Benno Martin: Eine Studie zur
Struktur des 3. Reiches in der "Stadt der Reichsparteitage"
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Himmlers Mann in NĂĽrnberg. Der Fall Benno Martin: Eine Studie zur
Struktur des 3. Reiches in der "Stadt der Reichsparteitage"
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Early in the summer of 1944, the SS began transferring the 130,000 prisoners at
Auschwitz–Birkenau to other camps since the
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The purge of the SA leadership and other enemies of the state began on 30 June 1934 in an action which became known as the
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472:. At this time, he left his banking job and became a full-time SS officer. In November 1933, his command was renamed SS-
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Yerger, Mark C. (1997). Allgemeine-SS: The
Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS, pp. 62, 106, 147 173.
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in (NĂĽrnberger WerkstĂĽcke zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte, Band 13). NĂĽrnberg: Stadtarchiv NĂĽrnberg Verlag.
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was appointed to succeed Schmauser in his Silesian commands on 23 February 1945. Schmauser was formally
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436:(SS number: 3,359). He led the local SS detachment in Zwickau. From 15 December 1930, he led the 7th SS-
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Miller, Michael D. & Schulz, Andreas (2015). Leaders of the SS & German Police, Vol. 2, p. 165.
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On 20 January 1945, Schmauser issued an order to murder the remaining inmates and destroy evidence of
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Yerger, Mark C. (1997). Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS, pp. 62, 90.
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Der Königlich Sächsische Militär-St. Heinrichs-Orden 1736–1918, Ein Ehrenblatt der Sächsischen Armee
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Der Königlich Sächsische Militär-St. Heinrichs-Orden 1736–1918, Ein Ehrenblatt der Sächsischen Armee
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for two weeks in March 1940. On 1 May 1941, he was transferred from Nuremberg to become the Higher
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Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 184.
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Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 185.
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Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 184.
1008:
Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 184.
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Williams, Max (2018). SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard, Vol. 3, p. 183.
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On 14 October 1930, Schmauser transferred from the SA to the SS, entering with the rank of SS-
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Die Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer. Himmlers Vertreter im Reich und in den besetzten Gebieten
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Die Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer. Himmlers Vertreter im Reich und in den besetzten Gebieten
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518:. On 1 April 1936, Schmauser was transferred from Munich to Nuremberg to take command of SS-
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Staatsminister, leitende Verwaltungsbeamte und (NS)-Funktionsträger in Bayern 1918 bis 1945
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348:(Second Class) with Swords. On 9 November 1915, he received the Knight's Cross of the
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in November 1924, he joined the right-wing conservative voting alliance known as the
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and given permission to continue wearing the uniform of the 133rd Infantry Regiment.
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with his headquarters in Breslau. He also simultaneously held command of the SS-
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452:(District) XVI, based in Zwickau. On 15 July 1933, Schmauser, on request of
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352:. Following Schmauser's demobilization in February 1919, he was promoted to
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During the Second World War, Schmauser performed military service with the
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Długoborski, Wacław, Franciszek Piper, and Aleksander Lasik, eds. (1999).
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Długoborski, Wacław, Franciszek Piper, and Aleksander Lasik, eds. (1999).
612:. Not knowing exactly how to handle the matter, however, he telephoned SS-
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375:(SA) in Zwickau. When the Party and SA were banned in the wake of the
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On 10 February 1945, Schmauser was driving from Waldenburg (today,
1506:. (Schlake – Turner). Bissendorf: Biblio-Verlag. ASIN: B004OY0WY2
332:
commander. He was wounded three times in battle, including being
281:. In October 1911, he joined the 11th Bavarian Infantry Regiment
1601:
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Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS
1460:(Hans Haltermann to Walter Kruger). R. James Bender Publishing.
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with the 133rd and 183rd Infantry Regiments. He was promoted to
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From 1919 to 1933, Schmauser worked in banking as a cashier in
16:
German Nazi, Higher SS and Police Leader, SS-ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
418:(November 1933 to February 1936), and then constituency 26,
1373:. Updated 2nd Edition. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Verlag.
1316:. Oswieecim, Poland: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 1999.
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in Lower Silesia where they were transited away westwards.
1512:
SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard
402:
elections of July 1932, Schmauser was elected as a Nazi
336:. He was decorated on multiple occasions, receiving the
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1407:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
1136:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
1076:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
1504:
Die Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei, 1933–1945
1268:
Hitler's Death's Head Division: SS-Totenkopf Division
1181:
Die Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei, 1933–1945
997:
Hitler's Death's Head Division: SS-Totenkopf Division
1319:
Eltzschig, Johannes and Michael Walter, ed. (2001).
881:
Eltzschig, Johannes and Michael Walter, ed. (2001).
596:
Death marches (Holocaust) § Auschwitz to Loslau
1724:
1655:
1631:
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1495:. Dresden: Wilhelm und Bertha von Baensch-Stiftung.
1254:
The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
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The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
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The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
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The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
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1299:Holocaust. Critical Concepts in Historical Studies
1050:Holocaust. Critical Concepts in Historical Studies
976:Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser in the Reichstag Database
1284:. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
526:" and, on 20 April 1937, he was promoted to SS-
1824:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
1819:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
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304:Schmauser trained at the Military Academy in
8:
1452:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2015).
207:(18 January 1890 – 10 February 1945) was a
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1556:Information about Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser
1498:Schulz, Andreas, and Dieter Zinke (2011).
1270:. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books.
1211:SS Seniority List, 1 December 1937, pp.8–9
1175:Schulz, Andreas, and Dieter Zinke (2011).
672:
387:Nazi Party membership and political career
29:
18:
1142:. Oxford University Press. p. 415.
395:. He also rejoined the SA at that time.
261:, the son of a businessman. He attended
1479:Auschwitz. Geschichte eines Verbrechens
1256:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1164:Auschwitz. Geschichte eines Verbrechens
850:
446:and, from 27 August 1932, he headed SS-
1355:, vol. 3. New York: Holmes and Meier.
1282:The SA Generals and the Rise of Nazism
951:The SA Generals and the Rise of Nazism
289:. In March 1912, he transferred as an
1454:Leaders of the SS & German Police
1437:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1371:Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich
461:, took over the leadership of the SS-
297:'s 133rd Infantry Regiment, based in
7:
1844:Waffen-SS personnel killed in action
1353:The Destruction of the European Jews
1063:The Destruction of the European Jews
1514:. Vol. 3. Fonthill Media LLC.
1864:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
1859:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
1854:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
1500:Deutschlands Generale und Admirale
1390:Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online
1177:Deutschlands Generale und Admirale
840:Death marches during the Holocaust
318:. He was engaged in combat on the
14:
1804:Missing in action of World War II
586:of the Waffen-SS on 1 July 1944.
277:. After graduation, he pursued a
1799:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
1562:Auschwitz-Birkenau Death Marches
1301:, vol. II. New York: Routledge.
814:
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580:. Himmler appointed Schmauser a
406:from electoral constituency 20,
344:, and the Knight's Cross of the
340:, 1st and 2nd class, the Silver
99:
87:
1458:Reichsführer SS – Gruppenführer
422:(March 1936 to February 1945).
1809:Missing person cases in Poland
1242:. DĂĽsseldorf: Droste Verlag.
830:List of people who disappeared
665:, effective 31 December 1945.
1:
1849:Members of the Reichstag 1932
638:were killed by SS units. The
625:GroĂź-Rosen concentration camp
590:Role in Auschwitz death march
369:in 1921, and was head of the
350:Military-St. Heinrich's Order
237:. He was responsible for the
1758:List of Gaue of Nazi Germany
1213:Retrieved 15 September 2022.
835:List of SS-ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
564:Auschwitz extermination camp
1533:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
1413:. Oxford University Press.
229:(HSSPF) in Breslau (today,
197:Military Order of St. Henry
1880:
1789:1940s missing person cases
1491:Richter, Georg D. (1937).
903:Richter, Georg D. (1937).
593:
193:, second class with Swords
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1558:in the Reichstag database
1428:Longerich, Peter (2011).
1395:Schmauser, Ernst-Heinrich
1074:Longerich, Peter (2010).
675:
28:
1814:People from Hof, Bavaria
1745:Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser
1529:Yerger, Mark C. (1997).
1431:Heinrich Himmler: A Life
1280:Campbell, Brice (2004).
1252:Blatman, Daniel (2011).
1116:Blatman, Daniel (2011).
1103:Blatman, Daniel (2011).
949:Campbell, Brice (2004).
923:Heinrich Himmler: A Life
485:Night of the Long Knives
205:Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser
23:Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser
1839:Sturmabteilung officers
1323:. Munich: Saur Verlag.
1162:Rees, Laurence (2005).
995:Butler, Rupert (2004).
1566:Jewish Virtual Library
1510:Williams, Max (2018).
1435:(Google Books preview)
1411:(Google Books preview)
1334:Grieser, Utho (1974).
1266:Butler, Rupert (2004).
1140:(Google Books preview)
1061:Hilberg, Raul (1985).
1048:Cesarani, ed. (2004).
962:Grieser, Utho (1974).
927:(Google Books preview)
257:Schmauser was born in
195:Knight's Cross of the
189:Knight's Cross of the
1829:SS and Police Leaders
542:SS-Totenkopf Division
308:, was commissioned a
249:and presumed killed.
133:Years of service
1834:SS-ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
1623:Franz Ritter von Epp
1502:. (Teil V /Band 5).
1481:. Berlin: Satz LVD.
1179:. (Teil V /Band 5).
546:SS and Police Leader
381:Völkisch-Social Bloc
227:SS and Police Leader
1633:Minister-presidents
1314:Auschwitz 1940–1945
1183:. (Schlake–Turner).
1037:Auschwitz 1940–1945
669:SS and police ranks
659:Richard Hildebrandt
640:1st Ukrainian Front
606:moving rapidly west
499:ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
468:, headquartered in
426:Peacetime SS career
225:who was the Higher
182:, 1st and 2nd class
1763:List of Gauleiters
1735:Karl von Eberstein
1728:leaders of Bavaria
1686:Ludwig Ruckdeschel
1388:. As found in the
1236:Birn, Ruth Bettina
1052:, vol. II. p. 124.
861:Birn, Ruth Bettina
736:15 September 1935
632:Operation Reinhard
393:Golden Party Badge
314:and fought in the
243:Auschwitz–Birkenau
58:Kingdom of Bavaria
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1614:Reichsstatthalter
1521:978-1-781-55638-2
1487:978-3-55007-851-4
1467:978-1-932-97025-8
1444:978-0-19959-232-6
1420:978-0-19960-073-1
1379:978-3-59616-048-8
1290:978-0-81319-098-3
1276:978-1-84415-205-6
1262:978-0-67405-049-5
1149:978-0-19-280436-5
1065:, vol. 3, p. 883.
936:978-0-19-959232-6
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1711:Adolf Wagner
1671:Paul Giesler
1642:Paul Giesler
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1135:
1125:
1120:, pp. 81–84.
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999:, pp. 30–31.
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953:, pp. 66–67.
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773:1 July 1944
767:General der
759:der polizei
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723:3 July 1933
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574:Fritz Bracht
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505:murdered SA-
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259:Hof, Bavaria
256:
235:World War II
220:
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204:
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170:World War II
162:Battles/wars
153:
146:
107:Nazi Germany
78:site unknown
74:(1945-02-10)
1794:1945 deaths
1784:1890 births
1696:Willi Stöhr
1691:Hans Schemm
1604:leaders of
1367:Klee, Ernst
1331:p. 140
617:Oswald Pohl
342:Wound Badge
293:to the 9th
264:volksschule
239:death march
185:Wound Badge
166:World War I
1778:Categories
1659:of Bavaria
1635:of Bavaria
1616:of Bavaria
846:References
705:OberfĂĽhrer
594:See also:
512:Ernst Röhm
367:Nazi Party
338:Iron Cross
287:Regensburg
270:realschule
253:Early life
180:Iron Cross
83:Allegiance
47:1890-01-18
1716:Karl Wahl
1681:Karl Holz
1657:Gauleiter
1166:, p. 352.
1078:, p. 415.
966:, p. 311.
907:, p. 579.
885:, p. 140.
867:, p. 346.
769:Waffen-SS
676:SS ranks
652:Wałbrzych
636:sub-camps
570:Gauleiter
560:"SĂĽdost."
508:Stabschef
449:Abschnitt
439:Standarte
400:Reichstag
355:Hauptmann
233:) during
216:Reichstag
187:in silver
148:Hauptmann
138:1930–1945
136:1911–1919
127:Waffen-SS
1477:(2005).
1404:(2010).
1369:(2007).
1351:(1985).
1238:(1986).
1133:(2010).
1107:, p. 80.
1090:(2011).
1039:, p. 30.
920:(2011).
863:(1986).
780:See also
602:Red Army
549:"SĂĽdost"
311:Leutnant
275:Bayreuth
247:Red Army
113:Service/
1606:Bavaria
1564:in the
1392:. See:
756:General
610:Silesia
583:General
553:Silesia
496:and SS-
420:Franken
408:Leipzig
398:In the
363:Zwickau
330:company
306:Hanover
299:Zwickau
231:Wrocław
1537:
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470:Munich
463:Gruppe
444:Plauen
416:Swabia
404:deputy
334:gassed
209:German
176:Awards
115:branch
104:
92:
1363:(set)
684:Date
681:Rank
466:"SĂĽd"
241:from
1602:Nazi
1535:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1144:ISBN
931:ISBN
604:was
524:Main
212:Nazi
143:Rank
69:Died
41:Born
741:SS-
728:SS-
715:SS-
702:SS-
689:SS-
576:of
551:in
480:.
478:SĂĽd
442:in
285:in
273:in
152:SS-
54:Hof
1780::
1726:SS
872:^
853:^
532:.
301:.
56:,
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
1543:.
1524:.
1470:.
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1381:.
1309:.
1152:.
939:.
522:"
414:–
60:,
49:)
45:(
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