1761:
55:
257:
336:. It shows no lexical similarity to any of the indigenous languages of the Philippines, apart from a very few Cebuano words. Grammatically, however, it is Cebuano. Most of the words were invented, though with inspiration from Spanish and English vocabulary and phonotactics. Some Spanish words had their meanings changed, such as
1729:
In the 1980s and 1990s, the Eskaya community attracted the interest of local mystics who promoted the notion that their language was of exotic origin. Today, the few linguists who have examined
Eskayan generally concur that it is structurally Cebuano but lexically innovative, suggesting that Eskayan
374:
The
Eskayan script has both alphabetic and syllabic components. A basic 'alphabet' of 46 characters accounts for most of the common sounds and syllables used in Eskayan while a broader subset totalling over 1000 is used to represent the remaining syllables. The unusual diversity of consonant and
1496:), each of which can substitute for any of the Cebuano affixes. This often makes Eskayan grammar ambiguous, and dependent on the parallel Cebuano text. In addition, some Eskayan verbs are equivalent to specific inflections of Cebuano verbs despite not having any morphology. For example, Eskayan
351:
Linguist
Ernesto Constantino (Professor of the Linguistics Department of the University of the Philippines) argued that the Visayan-Eskaya ethnolanguage is only a constructed language whose phonology, grammar, and/or vocabulary have been consciously devised by an individual or group, instead of
1907:, ed. by Nikolaus Himmelmann and Alexander Adelaar. London: Routledge, 2005. Cited in Fuhui Hsieh & Michael Tanangkingsing 'The Empty Root in Cebuano and Kavalan: A Cognitive Perspective' Papers from the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. January 2006.
288:
Recent research strongly suggests that the
Eskayan language was created in the period after Spanish contact had been established. Evidence of this includes the presence of "native" terms (i.e., not borrowed or calqued) for post-contact cultural categories such as
264:
Eskayan has a number of idiosyncrasies that have attracted wide interest. One of its most immediately remarkable features is its unique writing system of over 1,000 syllabic characters, said to be modeled on parts of the human body, and its non-Philippine lexicon.
1471:
Eskayan words have a one-to-one correspondence with
Cebuano, so that when two words are homophones in Cebuano, they are homophones in Eskayan as well. However, the verbal morphology is quite different: Cebuano has twenty-four verbal affixes which indicate
305:). It is highly plausible that Eskayan vocabulary was created by taking parallel Spanish-English-Visayan wordlists from textbooks, and replacing the Visayan layer with new vocabulary. Finally, the Eskayan script bears strong similarities to 19th-century
383:
A romanised form of
Eskayan is used in the cultural schools for the purpose of exposition. Although not strictly standardised, this orthography has elements in common with the Spanish system once used for transliterating Cebuano. E.g., the letters
375:
vowel clusters accounts for this relatively large number of composite characters, which even includes superfluous symbols. The symbols are said to be based on parts of the human anatomy, though many are clearly based on the cursive Roman alphabet.
1528:
Although the
Eskayan lexicon bears a marked Spanish influence, the loan-patterns are hard to map. Some Spanish words appear to have been directly borrowed into Eskayan with virtually no semantic or phonetic alterations. E.g., the Eskayan word
477:
which do not feature in
Philippine languages. Furthermore, a significant number of Eskayan words have phonemic sequences that are common in Spanish or in Spanish loans into Boholano-Visayan but appear rarely, if ever, in non-borrowed words.
792:
Eskayan personal pronouns are also marked by case. In the table below, the
Cebuano equivalents are indicated in brackets. (These pronouns are drawn from a limited corpus; omissions are indicated by and uncertainties with an asterisk.)
276:
According to speakers, the Eskaya language and script were creations of Pinay, the ancestor of the Eskaya people, who was inspired by human anatomy. Pinay's language was "rediscovered" in the early 20th century by
253:, the native language of Bohol, with a substituted lexicon. While Eskayan has no mother-tongue speakers, it is taught by volunteers in at least three cultural schools in the southeast interior of the province.
4240:
4723:
1295:
Despite its structural equivalence to
Eskayan, Cebuano has had a very limited lexical influence on the language. In a comparison of core Swadesh vocabulary, there are eight identifiable cognates.
486:
Eskayan conforms to the same syntactic and morphological structure as Cebuano. Accordingly, Eskayan nouns are uninflected but may be marked for case with one of several preceding case markers.
1547:
means 'sun' in Eskayan but 'star; celebrity' in Spanish. In some interesting cases Eskayan lexical items appear to be borrowed but are assigned new meanings entirely. E.g., the Eskayan
1520:. This is likely because the prototype for many Eskayan words was an early English–Spanish–Visayan trilingual, with the Visayan (Cebuano) glosses crossed out and replaced with Eskayan.
281:(born Mariano Sumatra, ca. 1875–1949), a Messianic rebel soldier who transmitted it to his followers. Datahan had founded a utopian community in southeast Bohol in the aftermath of the
285:, in order to resist imperial claims and establish an indigenous nation in Bohol, and the Eskayan language and script were seen as the embodiment of this incipient national culture.
4607:
2278:
433:
The phonotactics of Eskayan, on the other hand, are quite different from those of Boholano-Visayan and Philippine languages generally. This can be seen in Eskayan words such as
420:
Eskayan shares all the same phonemes as Boholano-Visayan (the particular variety of Cebuano spoken on Bohol) and even includes the distinctive Boholano voiced palatal affricate
1903:
This is modelled on Himmelman's table of Cebuano case markers in Nikolaus Himmelmann, 'The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar: typological characteristics'.
4713:
3776:
2037:
4649:
2316:
408:
when it precedes a front vowel, as in Spanish. A notable innovation in Eskayan romanised orthography is the letter combination 'chd' which represents the sound
4728:
4629:
3455:
1989:
1778:(A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in LNG 704 (Morphology & Syntax) The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas)
672:
Eskayan and Cebuano texts, which are always written face-to-face in the bilingual Eskayan books, generally have a one-to-one correspondence. For example:
2271:
430:('good'). With the exception of this phoneme, Eskayan shares the same basic phonology as Cebuano-Visayan, Tagalog and many other Philippine languages.
4354:
1934:
4634:
4593:
4639:
2264:
2111:
1956:
4654:
4624:
198:
3769:
3378:
3324:
2498:
268:
The earliest attested document in Eskayan provisionally dates from 1908, and was on display at the Bohol Museum until September 2006.
88:
Song, prayer, teaching, reproduction of traditional literature. Intended to establish a distinct indigenous culture on the island of
4644:
4600:
3351:
2198:
1829:
2042:(A research report submitted to the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Bohol, The Philippines. July 2006.), archived from
2020:
3866:
3816:
2814:
4374:
3448:
2218:
312:
Indigenous constructed languages with accompanying creation myths are attested elsewhere in the world. One notable case is the
207:
4698:
3762:
2096:. The 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference Proceedings – 2011. Canberra: ANU Research Repository. pp. 179–223.
2059:"Your Word Against Mine: How a Rebel Language and Script of the Philippines Was Created, Suppressed, Recovered and Contested"
297:. Further, the language makes semantic distinctions that are made in Spanish and English but not in Visayan (such as between
4672:
2536:
2235:
2043:
4718:
4667:
3052:
2287:
2150:
Kelly, Piers (2016). "Introducing the Eskaya Writing System: A Complex Messianic Script from the Southern Philippines".
282:
4733:
4708:
4046:
1571:('three'). Here the semantic property of 'number' was retained but the actual quantity it represented was reassigned.
4183:
3745:
3573:
3557:
3441:
3251:
3062:
2503:
2483:
2397:
2094:
The Morphosyntax of a Created Language of the Philippines: Folk Linguistic Effects and the Limits of Relexification
2123:
The Word Made Flesh: An Ethnographic History of Eskayan, a Utopian Language and Script in the Southern Philippines
4677:
3603:
3412:
3067:
2478:
2473:
1834:
A research report submitted to the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Bohol, The Philippines. July, 2006.
1997:
4703:
4076:
3821:
3198:
2493:
2420:
217:
1541:, also meaning 'husband'. Others retain only a few of the semantic properties of the original. E.g., the word
3936:
3175:
2766:
2645:
2458:
4406:
3843:
3396:
2761:
2751:
2746:
2731:
2640:
2624:
2324:
1760:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
421:
409:
405:
397:
393:
4530:
4109:
3891:
3833:
3246:
2596:
2488:
1942:
3598:
2468:
4540:
4424:
4155:
4121:
3996:
3785:
3526:
3112:
2915:
2741:
2634:
2453:
2364:
2354:
1559:('memory'). One of the most intriguing examples of such an 'interrupted loan' is that of the Eskayan
779:
278:
122:
65:
4175:
4138:
3906:
3828:
3687:
3588:
3578:
3356:
3276:
3165:
2837:
2784:
2693:
2668:
2374:
2339:
317:
1730:
is an auxiliary language or a highly sophisticated form of disguised speech encoded from Cebuano.
4525:
4444:
4434:
4274:
4260:
4001:
3981:
3926:
3804:
3728:
3632:
3593:
3478:
3373:
3361:
3319:
3256:
3087:
3047:
3037:
2950:
2945:
2882:
2872:
2804:
2794:
2576:
2306:
2177:
1964:
1473:
306:
4381:
4294:
4266:
4230:
4193:
4126:
4006:
3799:
3703:
3663:
3583:
3547:
3504:
3464:
3422:
3341:
3284:
3261:
3170:
3145:
3132:
3117:
3107:
3102:
2983:
2955:
2827:
2678:
2673:
2531:
2301:
2194:
2107:
1891:
Lexical Retrieval in L1, L2, L3, and L4 of the Bilingual Eskayan Tribe in Taytay, Duero, Bohol
1513:
489:
The table below shows the basic case system of Eskayan, with Cebuano equivalents in brackets.
321:
4439:
4429:
4319:
4299:
4220:
4208:
4094:
4011:
3838:
3733:
3658:
3637:
3627:
3499:
3494:
3314:
3241:
3223:
3203:
3160:
3150:
3122:
3077:
3072:
3042:
3001:
2973:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2887:
2877:
2799:
2726:
2711:
2688:
2601:
2586:
2566:
2551:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2329:
2167:
2159:
2136:
2126:
2097:
2078:
2070:
333:
250:
151:
4586:
4334:
4314:
4213:
3991:
3708:
3542:
3368:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3309:
3233:
3208:
3155:
3092:
2978:
2965:
2892:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2776:
2756:
2716:
2683:
2663:
2629:
2591:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2463:
2430:
2415:
2344:
2210:
Gahum ug Gubat: A Study of Eskayan Texts, Symbolic Subversion and Cultural Constructivity
54:
4449:
3966:
3931:
3886:
3642:
3552:
3266:
3218:
3193:
3140:
3097:
3082:
3057:
2925:
2910:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2721:
2606:
2581:
2541:
2513:
2435:
2384:
2028:
698:
369:
256:
139:
132:
2004:. Produced for the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Bohol, Philippines. 2006
188:
4692:
4579:
4573:
4485:
4279:
4188:
4056:
3961:
3809:
2993:
2822:
2736:
2703:
2526:
2521:
2425:
1517:
238:
70:
2226:
2181:
4535:
4016:
3911:
3213:
3185:
3011:
2940:
2902:
2445:
357:
2163:
197:
320:
which is said to have been the creation of the ancestor Kalthad; another are the
4495:
4490:
4245:
4165:
4143:
3976:
3971:
3954:
3942:
3881:
3417:
246:
93:
2256:
2243:
4465:
4359:
4324:
4066:
4031:
3921:
2616:
2407:
1753:
1748:
4414:
4401:
4284:
4250:
4099:
3896:
2334:
353:
181:
165:
4329:
2131:
172:
4475:
4391:
4369:
4349:
4309:
4304:
4203:
4148:
4114:
4084:
4041:
4036:
4021:
3901:
3029:
352:
having evolved naturally. This ethnolanguage would then be comparable to
225:
213:
3754:
4555:
4500:
4419:
4396:
4344:
4198:
4131:
4089:
3019:
2172:
2141:
2074:
221:
17:
4550:
4386:
4364:
4339:
4289:
4235:
4225:
4026:
3986:
3304:
2655:
2102:
2083:
3433:
2191:
The Last Language on Earth: Linguistic Utopianism in the Philippines
2058:
4545:
4470:
4104:
4061:
4051:
3949:
313:
255:
242:
89:
2092:
Kelly, Piers (2012b). Ponsonnet, M.; Dao, L.; Bowler, M. (eds.).
4505:
4160:
3876:
3758:
3437:
2260:
1990:"Visayan-Eskaya Secondary Source Materials: Survey & Review
744:
3916:
1893:(Masteral thesis). University of San Carlos. pp. 13–14.
1535:, meaning 'husband', is evidently borrowed from the Spanish
425:
224:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1553:('sky') does not coincide semantically with the Spanish
1502:'was taken on', which is basic root, translates Cebuano
260:
Statue of Mariano Datahan, inscribed with Eskayan script
4608:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
1560:
1548:
1542:
1530:
1497:
1454:
1435:
1416:
1397:
1378:
1359:
1340:
1321:
1244:
1177:
1134:
1114:
1071:
1051:
1026:
1012:
998:
984:
959:
939:
925:
905:
880:
860:
846:
826:
640:
634:
617:
598:
577:
558:
537:
518:
512:
452:
446:
440:
434:
343:
337:
4724:
Constructed languages introduced in the 20th century
4617:
4566:
4518:
4458:
4259:
4174:
4075:
3865:
3854:
3792:
3721:
3696:
3676:
3651:
3616:
3566:
3535:
3515:
3487:
3471:
3405:
3389:
3297:
3275:
3232:
3184:
3131:
3028:
3010:
2992:
2964:
2901:
2813:
2775:
2702:
2654:
2615:
2512:
2444:
2406:
2393:
2315:
2294:
1922:
The Classification of the Eskayan Language of Bohol
1831:
The Classification of the Eskayan Language of Bohol
1707:
Seas teem with fishes and cows graze on the plains,
1696:
Here's where they wrought peace and here they bled,
392:are interchangeable symbols representing the sound
179:
163:
158:
146:
129:
116:
108:
100:
84:
76:
61:
32:
2125:(PhD thesis). The Australian National University.
2039:The Classification of the Eskaya language of Bohol
1476:and other feature, whereas Eskayan has just five (
776:Omanad was a soldier under the command of Jomabad.
1905:The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar
457:('flower') that contain consonant sequences like
154:, with lexical influence from Spanish and English
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
657:'that', approximate Spanish glosses for Cebuano
27:Artificial auxiliary language of the Philippines
1858:
1856:
332:Eskayan is a "sophisticated encryption" of the
3770:
3449:
2272:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1566:
1554:
1536:
1503:
1461:
1442:
1423:
1404:
1385:
1366:
1347:
1328:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1236:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1126:
1120:
1101:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
971:
965:
951:
945:
931:
917:
911:
892:
886:
872:
866:
852:
838:
832:
664:
658:
652:
646:
623:
604:
583:
564:
543:
524:
8:
1637:
1593:
1565:('two') seemingly derived from the Spanish
237:is an artificial auxiliary language of the
3862:
3777:
3763:
3755:
3680:
3620:
3519:
3456:
3442:
3434:
2403:
2279:
2265:
2257:
1698:Here rise the marvelous cone-shaped hills,
196:
53:
29:
2193:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2171:
2140:
2130:
2101:
2082:
1876:Iniskaya: A Linear Linguistic Description
324:of the Medan region of Papua New Guinea.
1862:
1715:I pledge my strength, my heart and soul,
1297:
795:
491:
4594:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
1774:Torralba, Milan Ted D. (October 1991),
1738:
773:{} SPEC (name) soldier under GEN (name)
218:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2063:The Australian Journal of Anthropology
1848:
1806:
1795:
764:Yi Omanad aripirna huntun kun Jomabad.
424:that appears in Visayan words such as
1878:(PhD thesis). Cebu Normal University.
1776:The Morphology of the Eskaya Language
1744:
1742:
396:; the 'll' combination is pronounced
69:Attributed to Pinay, ancestor of the
7:
1694:Here's where the early heroes lived,
4729:Spanish language in the Philippines
1620:Chdire esto ebetangke chda loreker
778:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
770:Si Omanad sundalu ubus ni Jomabad.
360:in origin, though not in purpose.
25:
4601:In the Land of Invented Languages
2219:"Butuan Silver Strip Deciphered?"
2152:Australian Journal of Linguistics
1711:God keep my homeland always free,
1703:Blessed with white sandy beaches,
1759:
2208:Martinez, Ma. Cristina (1993),
1655:Lungsod sa bungtod nga matunhay
1611:Bentod ya hondog yel moy sebar
1:
4714:Verb–subject–object languages
4673:List of constructed languages
2164:10.1080/07268602.2016.1109433
1874:Consul, Stella Marie (2005).
1700:Here's sweet kinampay grows.
1690:And kissed by the cool breeze
1664:Bahandi sa dagat ug kapatagan
1512:indicates that the action is
2288:Languages of the Philippines
1601:Ya abeya cloper meboy secwes
1561:
1549:
1543:
1531:
1498:
1455:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1379:
1360:
1341:
1322:
1245:
1178:
1135:
1115:
1111:1st person plural exclusive
1072:
1052:
1048:1st person plural inclusive
1027:
1013:
999:
985:
960:
940:
926:
906:
881:
861:
847:
827:
641:
635:
618:
599:
578:
559:
538:
519:
513:
453:
447:
441:
435:
344:
338:
245:, an island province of the
1613:Chda a chdiam yel keman pay
316:ceremonial language of the
4750:
2499:Southern Catanduanes Bikol
1725:Theories and controversies
1709:In ev'ry home love reigns,
1705:Rivers that water valleys,
1628:Tewergoyo asado chda carna
416:Phonology and phonotactics
367:
4678:List of language creators
4663:
3742:
3683:
3623:
3522:
1653:Imong kalinaw gi-ampingan
1638:
1594:
1356:we (inclusive/exclusive)
500:Non-personal name marker
204:
195:
52:
37:
3604:North Sorsogon (Masbate)
2212:(Unpublished manuscript)
1717:To my dear home, Bohol.
1684:The land God gave to me,
1682:This is the land I love,
1672:Ihalad ko lawas ug kalag
1662:Walog sa suba binisbisan
1657:Ug matam-is nga kinampay
1651:Sa mga bayaning yutawhan
342:'sun' (from 'star') and
4650:Interlingue/Interlingua
3817:International auxiliary
2234:Santos, Hector (1997).
2217:Santos, Hector (1996).
1504:
1462:
1443:
1424:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1348:
1329:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1064:
1058:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1005:
991:
972:
966:
952:
946:
932:
918:
912:
893:
887:
873:
867:
853:
839:
833:
750:
737:
726:
715:
704:
691:
676:
665:
659:
624:
605:
584:
565:
544:
525:
426:
307:Copperplate handwriting
283:Philippine–American War
4355:Middle-earth languages
3558:South Sorsogon (Gubat)
3397:Filipino Sign Language
2732:Casiguran Dumagat Agta
2132:10.25911/5d5147de68750
2121:Kelly, Piers (2012c).
2057:Kelly, Piers (2012a).
1916:See op. cit. Martinez
1889:Tubac, Angelo (2013).
1567:
1555:
1537:
653:
647:
348:'two' (from 'three').
261:
249:. It is grammatically
206:This article contains
4699:Constructed languages
4630:Esperanto/Interlingua
4531:Esperanto orthography
4110:Pan-Germanic language
3892:Communicationssprache
3786:Constructed languages
2189:Kelly, Piers (2022).
2021:"The Eskaya Language"
1674:Sa mutya kong Bohol.
1668:Sa kagawasan sa tanan
1660:Puti ang kabaybayunan
1649:Dinasig sa kinaiyahan
1603:Nemte ya chdid loning
1516:and performed on the
495:Personal name marker
379:Romanised orthography
259:
4122:Pan-Romance language
3997:Latino sine flexione
3406:Historical languages
2537:Central Cagayan Agta
2394:Indigenous languages
2019:Galambao, Marciana.
1992:Part One: 1980–1993"
1945:on October 22, 2012.
1686:Caressed by the sun,
1624:Ya droser, ya secwes
1616:Edlac esto mesesabla
1609:Gona yonoy dokerkedo
981:3rd person singular
902:2nd person singular
823:1st person singular
613:Oblique non-specific
4719:Constructed scripts
4139:Pan-Slavic language
3298:Immigrant languages
3277:Zamboanga Peninsula
2236:"The Eskaya Script"
2025:www.ling.hawaii.edu
1961:www.ling.hawaii.edu
1939:www.ling.hawaii.edu
1713:Let her forever be,
1599:Datong con Bathala,
1597:Samnat yo bantelar,
404:will be pronounced
318:Gulf of Carpentaria
4734:Philippine English
4709:Languages of Bohol
4526:Constructed script
4002:Lingua Franca Nova
3982:International Sign
2317:Regional languages
2295:Official languages
2075:10.1111/taja.12005
1970:on August 14, 2013
1935:"Song Translation"
1688:Bathed by the sea,
1645:Sa adlaw'g gabi-i,
1641:Yuta kong minahal,
1622:Parong esto topete
1524:Spanish influences
1474:grammatical aspect
1291:Cebuano influences
1232:3rd person plural
1174:2nd person plural
533:Specific (article)
322:Pandanus languages
262:
123:auxiliary language
4686:
4685:
4541:Tolkien's scripts
4514:
4513:
4231:Logopandecteision
4194:Dutton Speedwords
4127:Neolatino Romance
4007:Lingwa de planeta
3752:
3751:
3717:
3716:
3672:
3671:
3612:
3611:
3465:Bisayan languages
3431:
3430:
3293:
3292:
3133:Northern Mindanao
3063:Calamian Tagbanwa
2504:Southern Sorsogon
2484:Northern Sorsogon
2240:A Philippine Leaf
2223:A Philippine Leaf
2113:978-0-9802815-4-5
1757:(19th ed., 2016)
1722:
1721:
1666:Gugma ang tuburan
1643:Hatag ni Bathala;
1605:Ya moy beresa gui
1518:grammatical agent
1469:
1468:
1283:
1282:
815:
808:
645:parallel Spanish
632:
631:
402:⟨c⟩
390:⟨e⟩
386:⟨i⟩
232:
231:
214:rendering support
210:phonetic symbols.
85:Setting and usage
16:(Redirected from
4741:
4635:Esperanto/Novial
4459:Ritual and other
4300:Elvish languages
4221:Lingua generalis
4209:Astrolinguistics
3863:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3756:
3681:
3621:
3520:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3435:
3413:Proto-Philippine
3176:Western Bukidnon
3068:Central Tagbanwa
2479:Mount Iriga Agta
2474:Mount Iraya Agta
2404:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2247:
2242:. Archived from
2230:
2225:. Archived from
2213:
2204:
2185:
2175:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2117:
2105:
2088:
2086:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2032:
2027:. Archived from
2006:
2002:
1996:. Archived from
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1963:. Archived from
1953:
1947:
1946:
1941:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1920:(132) and Kelly
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1851:
1846:
1835:
1826:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1746:
1618:Lo-ya bac Lobor,
1607:Samnat eclabolto
1579:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1507:
1501:
1465:
1458:
1446:
1439:
1427:
1420:
1408:
1401:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1363:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1325:
1298:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1002:
994:
988:
975:
969:
963:
955:
949:
943:
935:
929:
921:
915:
909:
896:
890:
884:
876:
870:
864:
856:
850:
842:
836:
830:
813:
806:
796:
783:
746:
700:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
627:
621:
608:
602:
587:
581:
573:Oblique specific
568:
562:
547:
541:
528:
522:
516:
492:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
450:
444:
438:
429:
423:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
347:
341:
334:Cebuano language
200:
191:
175:
168:
135:
57:
30:
21:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4704:Mixed languages
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4659:
4640:Ido/Interlingua
4613:
4587:Bridge of Words
4562:
4510:
4454:
4264:
4255:
4170:
4071:
3992:Langue nouvelle
3868:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3788:
3783:
3753:
3748:
3746:Visayan peoples
3738:
3713:
3692:
3668:
3647:
3608:
3562:
3531:
3511:
3483:
3467:
3462:
3432:
3427:
3401:
3385:
3289:
3271:
3234:Western Visayas
3228:
3199:Cotabato Manobo
3180:
3127:
3024:
3006:
2988:
2966:Eastern Visayas
2960:
2897:
2809:
2777:Central Visayas
2771:
2698:
2650:
2611:
2592:Nagtipunan Agta
2547:Dupaningan Agta
2508:
2494:Rinconada Bikol
2440:
2421:Pangutaran Sama
2395:
2389:
2311:
2290:
2285:
2255:
2250:
2233:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2188:
2149:
2120:
2114:
2091:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2035:
2018:
2014:
2012:Further reading
2009:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1863:Martinez (1993)
1861:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1827:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1783:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Panalanginan ka
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:Ya lacyo booy.
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1577:
1526:
1293:
1288:
812:
805:
790:
785:
777:
759:
748:
735:
724:
713:
702:
689:
484:
418:
401:
400:and the letter
389:
385:
381:
372:
366:
330:
279:Mariano Datahan
274:
212:Without proper
187:
171:
164:
136:
131:
125:
112:550 (2013)
68:
66:Mariano Datahan
62:Created by
45:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4747:
4745:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4241:Real Character
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3796:
3794:
3793:Classification
3790:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3722:(unclassified)
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3390:Sign languages
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2767:Umiray Dumaget
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2646:Umiray Dumaget
2643:
2638:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Dinapigue Agta
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2514:Cagayan Valley
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Inagta Partido
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2253:External links
2251:
2249:
2248:
2246:on 2016-03-05.
2231:
2229:on 2009-09-08.
2214:
2205:
2199:
2186:
2158:(1): 131–163.
2147:
2118:
2112:
2089:
2069:(3): 357–378.
2054:
2036:Kelly, Piers,
2033:
2031:on 2009-09-18.
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:on 2007-09-30.
1988:Kelly, Piers.
1980:
1948:
1926:
1918:Gahum ug Gubat
1909:
1896:
1881:
1866:
1852:
1836:
1810:
1799:
1781:
1766:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1692:Night and day.
1679:
1639:
1635:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1525:
1522:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1265:
1256:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1146:
1132:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1092:
1083:
1069:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1024:
1010:
996:
982:
978:
977:
957:
937:
923:
903:
899:
898:
878:
858:
844:
824:
820:
819:
816:
809:
802:
799:
789:
786:
749:
736:
725:
714:
703:
690:
675:
674:
630:
629:
615:
610:
596:
590:
589:
575:
570:
556:
550:
549:
535:
530:
510:
504:
503:
501:
498:
496:
483:
480:
417:
414:
380:
377:
370:Eskayan script
368:Main article:
365:
364:Writing system
362:
329:
328:Classification
326:
273:
270:
230:
229:
216:, you may see
202:
201:
193:
192:
185:
177:
176:
169:
161:
160:
159:Language codes
156:
155:
150:Encryption of
148:
144:
143:
140:Eskayan script
137:
133:Writing system
130:
127:
126:
120:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
63:
59:
58:
50:
49:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4746:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4656:
4655:Lojban/Loglan
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Esperanto/Ido
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4580:A Secret Vice
4577:
4575:
4574:Esperantology
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Lingua ignota
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Belter Creole
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:Basic English
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Universalglot
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:Idiom Neutral
3960:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3867:International
3864:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3844:Philosophical
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3810:Language game
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:Butuan-Tausug
3695:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2994:Ilocos Region
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Southern Alta
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Northern Alta
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:Central Luzon
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Southern Alta
2639:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Inagta Alabat
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2200:9780197509920
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2046:on 2011-01-17
2045:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:Kelly (2012c)
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1828:Piers Kelly.
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:Santos (1997)
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:Kelly (2012a)
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1701:
1680:
1675:
1647:Taknang tanan
1636:
1631:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
987:
983:
980:
979:
974:
968:
962:
958:
954:
948:
942:
938:
934:
928:
924:
920:
914:
908:
904:
901:
900:
895:
889:
883:
879:
875:
869:
863:
859:
855:
849:
845:
841:
835:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
810:
803:
800:
798:
797:
794:
787:
784:
781:
774:
771:
769:
765:
763:
758:
755:
752:
747:
742:
739:
734:
731:
728:
723:
720:
717:
712:
709:
706:
701:
696:
693:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
673:
670:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
626:
620:
616:
614:
611:
607:
601:
597:
595:
592:
591:
586:
580:
576:
574:
571:
567:
561:
557:
555:
552:
551:
546:
540:
536:
534:
531:
527:
521:
515:
511:
509:
506:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
490:
487:
481:
479:
455:
451:('knee') and
449:
443:
437:
431:
428:
415:
413:
378:
376:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
349:
346:
340:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
286:
284:
280:
271:
269:
266:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Eskaya people
236:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
209:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
184:
183:
178:
174:
170:
167:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:ca. 1920–1940
79:
75:
72:
71:Eskaya people
67:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4536:Sitelen Pona
4480:
4407:
3943:esperantidos
3912:Esperanto II
3834:Experimental
3186:Soccsksargen
3012:Metro Manila
2903:Davao Region
2789:
2597:Paranan Agta
2489:Pandan Bikol
2446:Bicol Region
2244:the original
2239:
2227:the original
2222:
2209:
2190:
2155:
2151:
2122:
2093:
2066:
2062:
2048:, retrieved
2044:the original
2038:
2029:the original
2024:
2003:
1998:the original
1995:
1991:
1983:
1972:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1960:
1951:
1943:the original
1938:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1830:
1802:
1775:
1769:
1752:
1728:
1702:
1681:
1640:
1626:Do-o moy sam
1596:
1527:
1509:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1361:arhitika/kim
1311:
1306:
1301:
1294:
791:
775:
772:
767:
766:
761:
760:
756:
753:
743:
740:
732:
729:
721:
718:
710:
707:
697:
694:
686:
682:
681:
677:
671:
633:
612:
593:
572:
553:
532:
507:
488:
485:
432:
419:
382:
373:
350:
331:
311:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
275:
267:
263:
234:
233:
205:
180:
104:3,000 (2013)
46:
42:
38:
4618:Comparisons
4496:Palawa kani
4491:Medefaidrin
4166:Weltdeutsch
4156:Runyakitara
4144:Interslavic
3977:Interlingue
3972:Interlingua
3955:Interglossa
3882:Blissymbols
3527:Romblomanon
3505:Old Cebuano
3423:Old Cebuano
3418:Old Tagalog
3113:Romblomanon
2742:Kasiguranin
2637:(Remontado)
2635:Hatang Kayi
2454:Albay Bikol
2365:Maguindanao
2355:Kapampangan
2173:1885/100980
2142:1885/156174
1957:"Recording"
814:(Postposed)
801:Absolutive
651:'with' and
482:Case system
454:estrapirado
247:Philippines
220:instead of
142:(syllabary)
94:Philippines
4693:Categories
4645:Ido/Novial
4466:Balaibalan
4176:Engineered
4032:Pasilingua
3922:Mundolinco
3829:Engineered
3744:See also:
3688:Surigaonon
3589:Hiligaynon
3579:Bantayanon
3567:Peripheral
3548:Kinabalian
3543:Baybayanon
3357:Indonesian
3166:Matigsalug
2815:Cordillera
2785:Bantayanon
2747:Mariveleño
2694:Surigaonon
2669:Ata Manobo
2617:Calabarzon
2408:Bangsamoro
2375:Pangasinan
2340:Hiligaynon
2050:2017-09-09
1974:2015-08-14
1754:Ethnologue
1734:References
807:(Preposed)
554:possessive
508:nominative
445:('face'),
442:guinposlan
4519:Neography
4445:Verdurian
4415:Syldavian
4410:languages
4408:Star Wars
4402:Spocanian
4285:Brithenig
4275:Atlantean
4261:Fictional
4251:Toki Pona
4100:Eurolengo
3937:Universal
3897:Esperanto
3869:auxiliary
3857:languages
3855:Specific
3805:Fictional
3729:Karolanos
3638:Kinaray-a
3633:Caluyanon
3599:Masbateño
3594:Porohanon
3362:Malaysian
3257:Caluyanon
3088:Kagayanen
3038:Agutaynen
2951:Sarangani
2946:Sangirese
2883:Kankanaey
2873:Kalanguya
2805:Porohanon
2795:Karolanos
2577:Kalanguya
2469:Masbateño
2335:Chavacano
2103:1885/9401
2084:1885/9723
1585:Boholano
1514:completed
1368:kita/kami
1014:kon chdil
811:Genitive₂
804:Genitive₁
439:('eel'),
354:Esperanto
295:aeroplane
182:Glottolog
166:ISO 639-3
121:Cultural
101:Ethnicity
4476:Enochian
4435:Valyrian
4425:Tsolyáni
4392:Newspeak
4370:Sindarin
4305:Enchanta
4295:Dothraki
4267:artistic
4204:Kalaba-X
4149:Iazychie
4115:Tutonish
4085:Afrihili
4042:Solresol
4037:Sambahsa
4022:Nal Bino
3932:Romániço
3927:Reformed
3907:Arcaicam
3902:Adjuvilo
3859:by group
3800:Artistic
3704:Butuanon
3664:Ratagnon
3584:Capiznon
3500:Boholano
3342:Japanese
3325:Mandarin
3262:Capiznon
3146:Higaonon
3118:Tadyawan
3108:Ratagnon
3103:Palawano
3030:Mimaropa
2984:Kabalian
2956:Tagabawa
2916:Davaoeño
2828:Balangao
2679:Higaonon
2674:Butuanon
2532:Bugkalot
2302:Filipino
2182:62326242
1588:English
1508:, where
1505:gipuslan
1246:persiyan
1053:arhitika
818:Oblique
788:Pronouns
768:Cebuano:
762:Eskayan:
754:Jomabad.
751:Jomabad.
716:aripirna
683:Cebuano:
678:Eskayan:
436:bosdipir
251:Boholano
226:Help:IPA
189:eska1234
47:Eskayano
43:Iniskaya
4556:Tengwar
4501:Yerkish
4481:Eskayan
4440:Venedic
4430:Utopian
4420:Teonaht
4397:Simlish
4375:more...
4360:Adûnaic
4345:Lydnevi
4325:Kobaïan
4320:Klingon
4199:Ithkuil
4132:Romanid
4095:Efatese
4090:Budinos
4067:Volapük
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3839:Musical
3734:Magahat
3659:Cuyonon
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3536:Warayan
3516:Central
3495:Cebuano
3374:Spanish
3320:Hokkien
3315:Chinese
3285:Subanen
3242:Aklanon
3224:Tiruray
3204:Ilianen
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3123:Tawbuid
3078:Hanunoo
3073:Cuyonon
3043:Alangan
3020:Taglish
3002:Bolinao
2974:Abaknon
2936:Mansaka
2931:Mandaya
2921:Kalagan
2888:Malaweg
2878:Kalinga
2838:Ga'dang
2800:Magahat
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2727:Botolan
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2350:Ilocano
2330:Cebuano
2307:English
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1312:Cebuano
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1302:English
1286:Lexicon
1218:kaninyo
1179:chdicto
1028:mininos
722:soldier
719:sundalu
272:History
235:Eskayan
222:Unicode
152:Cebuano
147:Sources
117:Purpose
92:in the
33:Eskayan
18:Eskayan
4668:Portal
4551:Sarati
4387:Nadsat
4365:Quenya
4340:Loxian
4335:Lapine
4330:Láadan
4315:Kiliki
4290:Dritok
4265:other
4236:Lojban
4226:Loglan
4214:Lincos
4027:Novial
3987:Kotava
3941:other
3709:Tausug
3488:Cebuan
3379:status
3369:Sindhi
3347:Korean
3337:German
3332:French
3310:Basque
3305:Arabic
3209:Iranun
3156:Iranun
3093:Molbog
2979:Baybay
2893:Tuwali
2858:Itawis
2848:Ifugao
2843:Ibaloi
2833:Bontoc
2757:Sambal
2717:Ambala
2684:Kamayo
2664:Agusan
2656:Caraga
2630:Manide
2572:Ivatan
2562:Itawis
2557:Isinai
2464:Manide
2431:Tausug
2416:Iranun
2398:region
2345:Ibanag
2197:
2180:
2110:
1538:marido
1532:merido
1499:imprus
1432:eight
1270:kanila
1200:inyong
1160:kanamo
1136:gramyu
1097:kanato
1073:chdaro
1034:kaniya
967:kanimo
961:nistro
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888:kanako
882:tompoy
862:tompoy
757:(name)
727:huntun
711:(name)
708:Omanad
705:Omanad
687:
594:dative
39:Bisaya
4567:Study
4546:Cirth
4471:Damin
4450:Wenja
4382:Naʼvi
4350:Mänti
4310:Kēlen
4105:Guosa
4077:Zonal
4062:Uropi
4052:Unish
3967:Intal
3950:Glosa
3887:Bolak
3822:Zonal
3677:South
3652:Kuyan
3643:Onhan
3553:Waray
3352:Malay
3267:Sulod
3219:Tboli
3194:Blaan
3141:Bukid
3098:Onhan
3083:Iraya
3058:Buhid
3053:Batak
2926:Klata
2911:Blaan
2868:Iwaak
2863:Itneg
2853:Isnag
2722:Antsi
2607:Yogad
2582:Karao
2436:Yakan
2385:Waray
2325:Bikol
2178:S2CID
1968:(MP3)
1544:astro
1451:nine
1444:walo'
1425:un'um
1394:four
1387:kinsa
1380:kinya
1349:ka'na
1337:that
1252:ilang
1224:ninyo
1209:ninyo
1142:among
1079:atong
1006:iyang
1000:chdel
986:atcil
933:imong
854:akong
828:naren
733:under
475:/str/
471:/lkd/
448:ilcdo
427:maayo
422:/d͡ʒ/
410:/d͡ʒ/
339:astro
314:Damin
303:month
243:Bohol
109:Users
90:Bohol
4506:Zaum
4161:Wede
4047:Sona
3877:Babm
3617:West
2823:Atta
2737:Indi
2527:Atta
2522:Arta
2426:Sama
2396:(by
2195:ISBN
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1924:(12)
1575:Text
1568:tres
1486:pur-
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1413:six
1406:upat
1375:who
1342:cano
1276:nila
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1238:sila
1185:kamo
1166:namo
1151:namo
1122:kami
1103:nato
1088:nato
1059:kita
1040:niya
1020:niya
992:siya
973:nimo
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927:gona
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907:samo
894:nako
868:nako
848:damo
780:help
730:ubus
699:SPEC
663:and
654:esto
642:esto
639:and
619:chda
606:kang
539:esto
473:and
467:/sl/
463:/np/
459:/sd/
398:/lj/
388:and
356:and
301:and
299:moon
293:and
291:pope
77:Date
4263:and
4184:aUI
4017:Neo
3917:Ido
3574:Ati
3479:Asi
3472:Asi
3252:Ati
3247:Ata
3214:Obo
3048:Asi
2941:Obo
2168:hdl
2160:doi
2137:hdl
2127:doi
2098:hdl
2079:hdl
2071:doi
1751:at
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1494:yi-
1490:yu-
1456:sem
1437:wal
1418:nom
1399:pat
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1116:kim
1031:* (
834:ako
745:GEN
738:kun
666:ang
648:con
636:Kon
600:puy
560:kon
545:ang
517:or
406:/s/
394:/ɪ/
358:Ido
345:tre
241:of
208:IPA
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