44:
192:
149:
207:
512:
took his heart back to King James in
Scotland, followed by his wife and eldest son Ludovic Stewart. King James had repeatedly vouched for Lennox's religious sincerity and memorialized him in a poem called "Ane Tragedie of the Phoenix", which compared him to an exotic bird of unique beauty killed by
578:(who married three times without legitimate issue). His widow outlived Lennox by many years and spent her later life at the family estate at Aubigny, where she was largely entrusted with the upbringing of their grandchildren, before she died sometime after 1630.
259:). Despite his conversion to Calvinism he was never trusted by the Scots and returned to France where he ended his days. Sir James Melville described him as "of nature upright, just and gentle". He was the first to popularise the firstname
383:", a chain of rubies and diamonds, with a diamond "carcan" necklace with roses of gold and a pair of matching hair garnishings, another suite of carcan and back and fore hair garnishings, and other pieces. The gift was witnessed by
353:(which title, having been inherited by King James from his paternal grandfather, had merged into the crown), with remainder to the heirs male of his body failing which to revert to the King. On 5 August 1581, he was created
156:, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny, 1st Seigneur de Concressault and 1st Comte d'Évreux, Constable of the Scottish Army in France: Royal arms of France within a bordure of Bonkyll, for the arms of the de Bonkyll family of
413:
Scotland, the thought of a
Catholic duke irked many, and Lennox had to make a choice between his Catholic faith and his loyalty to the king. Lennox chose the latter, who taught him the doctrines of
517:
to do well by them. Charles faithfully fulfilled this obligation, and as a result, the Lennox family had considerable influence at the
Scottish and English Courts over the next two generations.
501:. Although the Scottish nobles believed that they would be proved right in their belief that Lennox's conversion was artificial following his return to France, he remained a Presbyterian.
333:, and succeeded his father as 6th Seigneur d'Aubigny on 31 May 1567. At the age of 37 he came to Scotland, where he was introduced to his first cousin once removed, the 13-year-old
372:
in April 1580 when there were rumours of a palace coup. Errington reported that Esmé Stewart and his 24 armed followers barricaded themselves overnight in his rooms in the castle.
1273:
441:
as a guest where they kept him as a prisoner for ten months. The Lord
Enterprisers then forced James to banish Lennox. A lengthy denunciation of Lennox was issued from
341:
and began his personal rule. Esmé was an exotic visitor who fascinated the young James, who began to shower him with rewards and preferments. He was appointed to the
379:, including in June 1581 a gold belt or chain of knots of pearls and diamonds, and in October 1581 a gold cross with diamonds and rubies, the "Great Harry" or "
390:
During his rise, he was careful to maintain his popularity with the Burgh administrators of
Scotland's towns. For example, in July 1580 the English diplomat
1258:
955:
474:
1268:
558:
1031:
243:, France, was a Catholic French nobleman of Scottish ancestry who on his move to Scotland at the age of 37 became a favourite of the 13-year-old King
43:
152:
Arms of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox: Quarterly of 4, 1&4: Arms awarded in 1427 by King
Charles VII of France to Sir
1207:
1202:
710:
541:
1278:
1253:
384:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1151:
1141:
990:
575:
564:
547:
287:
256:
196:
120:
116:
1263:
1156:
1161:
1100:
797:
687:
399:
532:), the ninth daughter of Guillaume de Balsac, Sieur d'Entragues, by his wife Louise d'Humières. By Catherine he had five children:
1146:
1136:
693:
338:
318:
276:
210:
508:, requested him to take care of his son and to recover his former possessions in Scotland for his benefit. After Lennox's death
1118:
1084:
497:
Lennox returned to France where he started a secret correspondence with King James. He met a frosty reception in France as an
191:
1079:
1074:
654:
554:
376:
130:
195:
The Château d'Aubigny-sur-Nère in 2008, paternal home of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox. Built by Sir
1024:
505:
403:
168:), ancestors of Stewart of Bonkyll, ancestors of Stewart of Darnley, a junior line; 2&3: Stewart of Darnley: Arms of
1112:
1094:
248:
1069:
1064:
646:
446:
148:
1107:
1058:
846:
342:
1248:
1089:
1017:
173:
391:
302:
228:
185:
153:
482:
615:
177:
272:
1243:
1238:
926:
514:
967:
438:
380:
310:
306:
236:
232:
674:
513:
envy. King James I regarded all Lennox's family with great affection, and instructed his son King
457:
and his control over the royal household and international intrigue. Lennox stayed for a while at
486:
418:
334:
275:(d. 1567), by his wife Anne de la Queuille, a French noblewoman. His father was the third son of
17:
793:
787:
706:
650:
537:
365:
298:
126:
698:
466:
458:
169:
688:"Stuart [Stewart], Esmé, first duke of Lennox (c. 1542–1583), courtier and magnate"
478:
462:
442:
410:
369:
346:
247:
of
Scotland (and later I of England). Esmé Stewart was the first cousin of James' father,
421:
remained suspicious of Lennox after his public conversion and took alarm when he had the
406:, and had then arranged for the King to give this valuable source of income to the town.
437:
In response, the
Scottish nobles plotted to oust Lennox. They did so by luring James to
1044:
999:
980:
593:
5 August 1581: Duke of Lennox, Earl of
Darnley, Lord Dalkeith, Torboltoun and Aberdour.
354:
350:
244:
181:
157:
949:
1232:
944:
509:
470:
454:
422:
361:
314:
252:
240:
762:
450:
355:
Lord
Aubigny, Dalkeith, Torboltoun and Aberdour, Earl of Darnley and Duke of Lennox
161:
727:
630:
525:
Around 1572, Lennox married his mother's fourth cousin, Catherine de Balsac (d.
702:
206:
1009:
959:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–420.
445:
on 17 September 1582, citing his religion, association with the murderers of
279:
and his mother was the youngest daughter, and co-heiress, of François de la
414:
218:
Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox, 6th Seigneur d'Aubigny
574:
Lennox died in Paris on 26 May 1583 and was succeeded by his eldest son,
498:
395:
280:
1040:
426:
260:
330:
286:
His father had inherited (through adoption from his great uncle Sir
360:
Esmé Stewart's rise to power was resisted by the followers of the
317:, central France, built by him, also the nearby secondary seat of
205:
190:
147:
82:
890:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), pp. 235, 240-3, 256-7, 262-3, 265-6.
1013:
641:
Fryde, E.B.; Greenway, D.E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (2003).
570:
Lady Gabrielle Stewart (born 1580), a nun in Glatigny, France.
948:
902:(London, 1877), p. 637, (Letter dated Paris NS, 4 June 1583).
590:
5 March 1579/80: Earl of Lennox, Lord Darnley and Dalkeith;
550:(1574–1624), eldest son and heir who married three times.
375:
James VI gave Esmé Stewart jewels that remained from the
364:, the former Regent of Scotland. An English diplomat,
357:, with a similar remainder, as well as other favours.
835:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1578-1585
394:
reported that Lennox had obtained fishing rights in
1175:
1129:
1051:
567:(1579–1624), second son, heir to his elder brother.
136:
112:
89:
72:
55:
34:
686:
878:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), pp. 150-152, 171-174.
612:Some Account of the Stuarts of Aubigny, in France
477:, who was travelling northward to treat with the
485:pumped Lennox for information which he sent to
473:he encountered the French ambassador, M. de la
49:Posthumous portrait of the Duke of Lennox, 1590
263:(spelt also Edme, etc.) in the British Isles.
1025:
757:
271:He was the son and heir of John Stewart, 5th
8:
1274:Converts to Calvinism from Roman Catholicism
865:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 461, no. 536.
822:Calendar of State Papers Scotland: 1574-1581
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
697:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
301:) of Aubigny and its estates, including the
824:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 393 no. 467.
557:(1576–1644) (Countess of Mar), who married
465:. In December whilst travelling south from
213:, secondary seat of the Stewarts of Aubigny
1032:
1018:
1010:
963:
184:, the heiress of whom was the wife of Sir
42:
31:
1052:Mormaers/Earls from Lennox line (to 1458)
915:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 27 no. 26.
199:(c.1470–1544) and known to the French as
808:
791:, ed. John Ashton Cannon, (Oxford, 2009)
694:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
603:
345:, and on 5 March 1580, he was created
288:Robert Stewart, 4th Seigneur d'Aubigny
227: – 26 May 1583) of the
542:George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly
180:; overall an inescutcheon of Lennox,
7:
669:Gaspard Thaumas de la Thaumassiere,
385:Elizabeth Stewart, Countess of Arran
140:John Stewart, 5th Seigneur d'Aubigny
837:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1880), p. 392.
548:Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox
257:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
197:Robert Stewart, 4th Lord of Aubigny
117:Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox
1259:Lord high chamberlains of Scotland
763:"Lennox, Duke of (S, 1581 - 1672)"
377:collection of Mary, Queen of Scots
25:
1269:Scottish people of French descent
888:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
876:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
425:tried and beheaded on charges of
387:, and officials of the wardrobe.
18:Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond
565:Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
277:John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
176:, a bordure engrailed gules for
121:Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
1119:Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany
789:A Dictionary of British History
587:31 May 1567: Seigneur d'Aubigny
297:–1544), the French Seigneurie (
913:Calendar State Papers Scotland
863:Calendar State Papers Scotland
685:Marshall, Rosalind K. (2004).
643:Handbook of British Chronology
481:. In London the Scottish poet
131:Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar
1:
930:, n.s., vol. VII, 1929, p.603
900:HMC 6th Report: Earl of Moray
853:(Edinburgh, 1815), pp. 306-8.
526:
404:George Auchinleck of Balmanno
329:He spent much of his life in
291:
221:
63:
728:UK public library membership
627:The Heraldry of the Stewarts
1279:16th-century Scottish peers
1254:House of Stewart of Darnley
339:formal entry into Edinburgh
337:, when the latter made his
249:Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
27:Scots earl exiled to France
1295:
767:www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk
673:, Paris, 1689, pp.697-702
647:Cambridge University Press
561:(1558–1634) and had issue.
449:(King James's father) and
447:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
1264:Scottish royal favourites
1216:
1176:Stewart Dukes (1581–1672)
1130:Stewart Earls (1488–1581)
997:
987:
978:
973:
966:
851:Collection of Inventories
614:, London, 1891, pp.12-14
559:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
540:(1573–1642), who married
506:James Stewart, Lord Doune
402:had given to his servant
343:Privy Council of Scotland
105:(after 1572)
41:
769:. Heraldic Media Limited
629:, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47
174:High Steward of Scotland
956:Encyclopædia Britannica
186:John Stewart of Darnley
154:John Stewart of Darnley
1220:- Not from Lennox line
703:10.1093/ref:odnb/26702
610:Cust, Lady Elizabeth,
433:Ruthven Raid and exile
319:Château de la Verrerie
214:
211:Château de la Verrerie
203:
201:le château des Stuarts
188:
625:Johnston, G. Harvey,
299:lordship of the manor
209:
194:
151:
927:The Complete Peerage
504:His final letter to
417:. Nevertheless, the
398:, which the deposed
335:James VI of Scotland
1059:David of Huntingdon
968:Peerage of Scotland
381:Great H of Scotland
160:in Scotland (whose
142:Anne de la Queuille
95:Catherine de Balsac
1101:Baltar mac Amlaimh
487:Francis Walsingham
419:Church of Scotland
273:Seigneur d'Aubigny
215:
204:
189:
36:The Duke of Lennox
1226:
1225:
1008:
1007:
988:Succeeded by
874:William K. Boyd,
726:(Subscription or
712:978-0-19-861412-8
671:Histoire de Berry
538:Henrietta Stewart
469:, by chance near
366:Nicolas Errington
303:Château d'Aubigny
229:Château d'Aubigny
146:
145:
127:Henrietta Stewart
124:Gabrielle Stewart
80:(aged 40–41)
16:(Redirected from
1286:
1221:
1122:
1104:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1011:
964:
960:
952:
931:
922:
916:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
872:
866:
860:
854:
844:
838:
831:
825:
818:
812:
806:
800:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
732:
731:
723:
721:
719:
690:
682:
676:
667:
661:
660:
638:
632:
623:
617:
608:
531:
528:
493:Return to France
467:Berwick on Tweed
459:Dumbarton Castle
307:Aubigny-sur-Nère
296:
293:
233:Aubigny-sur-Nère
226:
223:
106:
79:
68:
65:
61:
46:
32:
21:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1249:Dukes of Lennox
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1208:Charles Stewart
1188:Ludovic Stewart
1171:
1157:Charles Stewart
1152:Matthew Stewart
1142:Matthew Stewart
1125:
1115:
1097:
1085:Maol Choluim II
1047:
1045:Earls of Lennox
1038:
1003:
993:
991:Ludovic Stewart
984:
943:
940:
938:Further reading
935:
934:
924:G. E. Cokayne,
923:
919:
910:
906:
898:
894:
886:
882:
873:
869:
861:
857:
845:
841:
832:
828:
819:
815:
807:
803:
786:
782:
772:
770:
761:
760:
735:
725:
717:
715:
713:
684:
683:
679:
668:
664:
657:
649:. p. 512.
640:
639:
635:
624:
620:
609:
605:
600:
584:
529:
523:
495:
463:Rothesay Castle
443:Stirling Castle
435:
370:Stirling Castle
327:
309:in the ancient
294:
269:
235:in the ancient
224:
141:
129:
125:
123:
119:
108:
104:
100:
97:
96:
81:
77:
66:
62:
59:
51:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1162:Robert Stewart
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1110:
1105:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Maol Choluim I
1077:
1075:Maol Domhnaich
1072:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1000:Earl of Lennox
995:
994:
989:
986:
981:Duke of Lennox
977:
971:
970:
962:
961:
950:"Lennox"
947:, ed. (1911).
945:Chisholm, Hugh
939:
936:
933:
932:
917:
911:William Boyd,
904:
892:
880:
867:
855:
847:Thomas Thomson
839:
833:David Masson,
826:
820:William Boyd,
813:
811:, p. 420.
801:
780:
733:
711:
677:
662:
655:
633:
618:
602:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
591:
588:
583:
580:
572:
571:
568:
562:
551:
545:
544:and had issue.
522:
519:
494:
491:
483:William Fowler
439:Ruthven Castle
434:
431:
423:Earl of Morton
362:Earl of Morton
351:Earl of Lennox
326:
323:
268:
265:
182:Earl of Lennox
158:Bonkyll Castle
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
114:
110:
109:
102:
98:
94:
93:
91:
87:
86:
74:
70:
69:
57:
53:
52:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1291:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:James Stewart
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
983:
982:
976:
972:
969:
965:
958:
957:
951:
946:
942:
941:
937:
929:
928:
921:
918:
914:
908:
905:
901:
896:
893:
889:
884:
881:
877:
871:
868:
864:
859:
856:
852:
848:
843:
840:
836:
830:
827:
823:
817:
814:
810:
809:Chisholm 1911
805:
802:
799:
798:9780199550388
795:
792:
790:
784:
781:
768:
764:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
734:
729:
714:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
689:
681:
678:
675:
672:
666:
663:
658:
652:
648:
644:
637:
634:
631:
628:
622:
619:
616:
613:
607:
604:
597:
592:
589:
586:
585:
581:
579:
577:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:Marie Stewart
552:
549:
546:
543:
539:
535:
534:
533:
521:Personal life
520:
518:
516:
511:
510:William Schaw
507:
502:
500:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:Gowrie Regime
476:
475:Mothe Fénelon
472:
471:Northallerton
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:Regent Lennox
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
400:Regent Morton
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
253:heir apparent
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
219:
212:
208:
202:
198:
193:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:, Hereditary
171:
167:
166:three buckles
163:
159:
155:
150:
139:
135:
132:
128:
122:
118:
115:
111:
92:
88:
84:
75:
71:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1203:Esmé Stewart
1193:Esmé Stewart
1183:Esmé Stewart
1182:
1167:Esmé Stewart
1166:
1147:John Stewart
1137:John Stewart
1117:
1099:
998:
979:
975:New creation
974:
954:
925:
920:
912:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
870:
862:
858:
850:
842:
834:
829:
821:
816:
804:
788:
783:
771:. Retrieved
766:
716:. Retrieved
692:
680:
670:
665:
642:
636:
626:
621:
611:
606:
573:
524:
503:
496:
451:Regent Moray
436:
411:Presbyterian
408:
392:Robert Bowes
389:
374:
359:
347:Lord Darnley
328:
285:
270:
217:
216:
200:
165:
162:canting arms
78:(1583-05-26)
60:Esmé Stewart
48:
29:
1244:1583 deaths
1239:1542 births
530: 1631
295: 1470
225: 1542
76:26 May 1583
67: 1542
1233:Categories
1004:1580–1583
985:1581–1583
730:required.)
656:052156350X
598:References
267:Early life
178:difference
1108:Donnchadh
515:Charles I
415:Calvinism
251:(son and
90:Spouse(s)
1113:Isabella
1095:Margaret
1090:Domhnall
1070:Ailín II
1041:Mormaers
499:apostate
396:Aberdeen
311:province
281:Queuille
245:James VI
237:province
85:, France
1065:Ailín I
773:10 July
576:Ludovic
461:and at
427:treason
368:was at
170:Stewart
137:Parents
107:
103:
99:
796:
724:
718:21 May
709:
653:
582:Titles
331:France
325:Career
1116:with
1098:with
553:Lady
536:Lady
315:Berry
241:Berry
164:were
113:Issue
101:
83:Paris
794:ISBN
775:2020
720:2022
707:ISBN
651:ISBN
453:and
349:and
261:Esmé
73:Died
56:Born
1043:or
699:doi
409:In
313:of
305:at
255:of
239:of
231:at
1235::
1218:¶
953:.
849:,
765:.
736:^
705:.
691:.
645:.
527:c.
489:.
429:.
321:.
292:c.
283:.
222:c.
64:c.
1061:¶
1033:e
1026:t
1019:v
777:.
722:.
701::
659:.
290:(
220:(
20:)
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