2496:"No doubt the leaders of the party held aloof from these vulgar practices of the more ignorant monks, but on the other hand they scattered broadcast perilous theological theories. Palamas taught that by asceticism one could attain a corporal, i.e. a sense view, or perception, of the Divinity. He also held that in God there was a real distinction between the Divine Essence and Its attributes, and he identified grace as one of the Divine propria making it something uncreated and infinite. These monstrous errors were denounced by the Calabrian Barlaam, by Nicephorus Gregoras, and by Acthyndinus. The conflict began in 1338 and ended only in 1368, with the solemn canonization of Palamas and the official recognition of his heresies. He was declared the 'holy doctor' and 'one of the greatest among the Fathers of the Church', and his writings were proclaimed 'the infallible guide of the Christian Faith'. Thirty years of incessant controversy and discordant councils ended with a resurrection of polytheism" (
453:
49:
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conflict between the teaching of
Palamas and Catholic thought on the distinction. According to G. Philips, the essence–energies distinction of Palamas is "a typical example of a perfectly admissible theological pluralism" that is compatible with the Roman Catholic magisterium. Jeffrey D. Finch claims that "the future of East-West rapprochement appears to be overcoming the modern polemics of neo-scholasticism and neo-Palamism". Some Western theologians have incorporated the essence–energies distinction into their own thinking.
2171:, for its alleged incompatibility with the essence–energies distinction. Christos Yannaras writes, "The West confuses God's essence with his energy, regarding the energy as a property of the divine essence and interpreting the latter as "pure energy" (actus purus)" According to George C. Papademetriou, the essence–energies distinction "is contrary to the Western confusion of the uncreated essence with the uncreated energies and this is by the claim that God is Actus Purus".
2823:(fifteenth century). We must then distinguish in God His nature, which is one; and three hypostases; and the uncreated energy which proceeds from and manifests forth the nature from which it is inseparable. If we participate in God in His energies, according to the measure of our capacity, this does not mean that in His procession ad extra God does not manifest Himself fully. God is in no way diminished in His energies; He is wholly present in each ray of His divinity."
3016:, in the presence of Pope Eugene III, condemned, on the instance of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, the doctrine of Gilbert of Poitiers, who, according to the accusation of his opponents, posited a real difference between Deus and Divinitas, so that there would result a quaternity in God (Three Persons plus Godhead). This teaching, which is not obvious in Gilbert's writings, was rejected at the Council of Rheims (1148) in the presence of Pope Eugene III (
391:
2819:"If we deny the real distinction between essence and energy, we cannot fix any very clear borderline between the procession of the divine persons and the creation of the world: both the one and the other will be equally acts of divine nature. The being and the action of God would then appear to be identical and as having the same character of necessity, as is observed by St
2147:
makes explicit his view, repeatedly implied elsewhere, that the essence and the energies are not the same; but
Williams contends that not even in these passages did Palamas intend to argue for an "ontological or fully real distinction," and that the interpretation of his teaching by certain polemical modern disciples of his is false.
2042:
The ousia of God is God as God is. The essence, being, nature and substance of God as taught in
Eastern Christianity is uncreated, and cannot be comprehended in words. According to Lossky, God's ousia is "that which finds no existence or subsistence in another or any other thing". God's ousia has no
2146:
According to Anna N. Williams's study of
Palamas, which is more recent than the assessments of Hart and Philips, in only two passages does Palamas state explicitly that God's energies are "as constitutively and ontologically distinct from the essence as are the three Hypostases," and in one place he
2090:
of the neopatristic school, if we deny the real distinction between essence and energy, we cannot fix any clear borderline between the procession of the divine persons (as existences and/or realities of God) and the creation of the world: both the one and the other will be equally acts of the divine
2207:
In contrast, Jürgen
Kuhlmann argues that the Catholic Church never judged Palamism to be heretical, adding that Palamas did not consider that the distinction between essence and energies in God made God composite. According to Kuhlmann, "the denial of a real distinction between essence and energies
2211:
According to
Meyendorff, the later twentieth century saw a change in the attitude of Roman Catholic theologians to Palamas, a "rehabilitation" of him that has led to increasing parts of the Western Church considering him a saint, even if uncanonized. Some Western scholars maintain that there is no
2183:
According to
Meyendorff, from Palamas's time until the twentieth century, Roman Catholic theologians generally rejected the idea that there is in God a real essence–energies distinction. In their view, a real distinction between the essence and the energies of God contradicted the teaching of the
2179:
The
Catholic Church distinguishes between doctrine, which is single and must be accepted by Catholics, and theological elaborations of doctrine, about which Catholics may legitimately disagree. With respect to the Eastern and Western theological traditions, the Catholic Church recognizes that, at
2953:
In the study of revelation East and West have followed different methods, and have developed differently their understanding and confession of God's truth. It is hardly surprising, then, if from time to time one tradition has come nearer to a full appreciation of some aspects of a mystery of
2180:
times, one tradition may "come nearer to a full appreciation of some aspects of a mystery of revelation than the other, or it to better advantage." In these situations, the Church views the various theological expressions "often as mutually complementary rather than conflicting."
1425:
2083:"formal distinction". Romanides suspects that Barlaam accepted a "formal distinction" between God's essence and his energies. Other writers agree that Palamas views the distinction between the divine essence and the divine energies as "real".
1939:
thought, since the time of the Great Schism, has tended to reject the essence–energies distinction as real in the case of God, characterizing the view as a heretical introduction of an unacceptable division in the
Trinity and suggestive of
2526:, although that attitude has never been universally prevalent in the Catholic Church and has been even more widely criticised in the Catholic theology for the last century (see section 3 of this article). Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
900:
3012:). The reason lies in the absolute simplicity of God. The acceptance of a real distinction (distinctio realis) would lead to acceptance of a composition in God, and with that to a dissolution of the Godhead. In the year 1148, a
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revelation than the other, or has expressed it to better advantage. In such cases, these various theological expressions are to be considered often as mutually complementary rather than conflicting.
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3008:"In distinguishing between God and His attributes, one is going against a doctrine of the faith: 'The Divine Attributes are really identical among themselves and with the Divine Essence' (
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702:
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Some contemporary scholars argue against describing
Palamas's essence–energies distinction in God as a metaphysically "real" distinction. Orthodox
3234:
International Conference on the Philosophy and Theology of St Gregory Palamas, 7–15 March 2012, with links to on line material from the Conference
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It is the energies of God that enable us to experience something of the Divine, at first through sensory perception and then later intuitively or
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Eastern Orthodox theologians generally regard this distinction as a real distinction, and not just a conceptual distinction. Historically,
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of the Church's doctrine on the Trinity as interpreted in Greek theology and in Latin theology, without denigrating either interpretation.
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2438:, Volume VI, Number 2, Winter, 1960–61. Published by the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Theological School Press, Brookline, Massachusetts.
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1007:
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2075:, Palamas considers the distinction between God's essence and his energies to be a "real distinction", as distinguished from the
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636:
3229:
Partial copy of V. Lossky's Chapter in Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church dedicated to the Essence and Energies distinction
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2003:
1149:
1125:
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200:
75:
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1689:
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641:
601:
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2143:, much less as a merely 'formal' distinction, something demanded by the limited operating capacities of human minds."
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David Bradshaw Aristotle East and West: Metaphysics and the Division of Christendom Cambridge University Press, 2004
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773:
436:
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Thessaloniki 2000, pp. 131–140, (English translation provided by the Apostoliki Diakonia of the Church of Greece).
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2033:, "all that subsists by itself and which has not its being in another", and is distinct from his energies (
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1984:
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distinction between God's essence and energies." G. Philips argues that Palamas's distinction is not an "
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1970:
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70:
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Partakers of the Divine Nature: The History and Development of Deificiation in the Christian Traditions
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663:
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2741:, vol. 7 (1990), Cistercian Publications, p. 258. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
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2278:
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2011:
1992:
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245:
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A concrete example of the application of this principle is the separate presentation in the 1912
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nature (strictly uncreated from uncreated). The being and the action(s) of God then would appear
1988:
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1725:
1655:
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1308:
1173:
1110:
1084:
548:
458:
290:
270:
140:
2058:, "all that we say positively of God manifests not his nature but the things about his nature."
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3214:
Theoria, Prayer and Knowledge by Dr M.C. Steenberg Theology and Patristics University of Oxford
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1999:
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1720:
1715:
1684:
1598:
1573:
1353:
1163:
405:
260:
180:
780:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
3882:
3771:
3608:
3413:
3373:
3224:
Excerpt from "Byzantine Theology, Historical trends and doctrinal themes" by John Meyendorff
2319:
1760:
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Eastern Orthodox theologians have criticized Western theology, especially the traditional
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1959:
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870:
823:
255:
235:
195:
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teachings of hesychasm were approved in the Eastern Orthodox Church by a series of local
3179:"The Distinction Between Essence and Energies and its Importance (by Christos Yannaras)"
4055:
3927:
3722:
3708:
3674:
3453:
3363:
3017:
2137:, Palamas's essence–energies distinction is "not simply by virtue of his saving action
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necessity or subsistence that needs or is dependent on anything other than itself.
1963:
1503:
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611:
559:
462:
327:
3257:
3142:
3105:
Divine Essence and Divine Energies: Ecumenical Reflections on the Presence of God
3103:
2774:
2006:
in the 14th century, and Gregory's commemoration during the liturgical season of
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3821:
3701:
3543:
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3513:
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3393:
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2092:
1979:, the mystical exercise of "stillness" to facilitate ceaseless inner prayer and
1967:
1911:
1578:
1498:
1488:
1473:
1348:
1313:
677:
606:
130:
3826:
3686:
3458:
3358:
3313:
2385:
The mystical exercise of "stillness" to facilitate ceaseless inner prayer and
2314:
2198:
an absence of real distinction between the attributes of God and God's essence
2193:
2189:
2007:
1941:
1679:
1558:
1538:
1392:
2537:
2497:
2411:"accusing Gregory Palamas of Messalianism" – Antonio Carile,
3960:
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3647:
3558:
3533:
3523:
3428:
3408:
2562:
by David Bradshaw, pp. 91, 95 Cambridge University Press (27 December 2004)
2414:Η Θεσσαλονίκη ως κέντρο Ορθοδόξου θεολογίας – προοπτικές στη σημερινή Ευρώπη
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1975:
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579:
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320:
2122:" distinction but, rather, analogous to a "formal distinction" in the
3042:, p. 28, Tan Books and Publishers, 1960, Retrieved 12 September 2014)
2351:
2338:
1770:
1363:
646:
631:
2656:, "The Essence of God in Relation to His Attributes", vol. 1, p. 146
2468:
Light from the East: Authors and Themes in Orthodox Theology, Part 4
2039:
in Greek, actus in Latin) or activities as actualized in the world.
3178:
3433:
2029:
1888:
1478:
1381:
160:
3102:
Athanasopoulos, Constantinos; Schneider, Christoph, eds. (2013).
791:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
683:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
3219:"Orthodox Psychotherapy" by Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos
2919:
Orthodoxy and the West: Hellenic Self-Identity in the Modern Age
2386:
2047:
1980:
1343:
522:
3625:
3575:
3475:
3300:
3261:
3125:
The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, SVS Press, 1997. (
2362:
1903:
2695:
Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes
2157:
Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic theological differences
2114:
expresses doubt "that Palamas ever intended to suggest a
2779:, p. 75. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1 January 2007,
2718:
The Trinity: Rediscovering the Central Christian Mystery
2886:
Michael J. Christensen, Jeffery A. Wittung (editors),
2577:
2575:
764:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
2900:), pp. 243–244, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2007
2799:
Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi
2027:
In Eastern Orthodox theology God's essence is called
2640:
Notes on the Palamite Controversy and Related Topics
2431:
Notes on the Palamite Controversy and Related Topics
4033:
4000:
3959:
3926:
3863:
3835:
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3638:
2643:. Orthodoxinfo.com. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2827:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997, pp. 73–75 (
2584:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997, pp. 50–55,
2542:, vol. VII, New York: Robert Appleton Company
2756:, pp. 73, 77. St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1976
2425:
2423:
1958:The essence–energy distinction was formulated by
27:Theological concept central to Eastern Orthodoxy
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
1882:) theology, there is a distinction between the
2151:Eastern Orthodox criticism of Western theology
3273:
2981:
2979:
1853:
413:
8:
1983:contemplation of God, against the charge of
2825:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2753:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2620:(James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991, p. 73,
2610:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2582:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
1966:(1296–1359), as part of his defense of the
3635:
3622:
3572:
3472:
3297:
3280:
3266:
3258:
3054:God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life
1910:(1296–1359) as part of his defense of the
1860:
1846:
431:
420:
406:
31:
2934:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2004), p. 61.
2921:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006), p. 36.
2502:(New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909)
2460:
2458:
2056:An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
3108:. Cambridge, UK: James Clarke & Co.
3088:), p. 186. Retrieved on 21 January 2012.
2492:
2490:
2488:
2407:
2405:
2612:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997.
2401:
2378:
469:
443:
39:
3767:Conditional preservation of the saints
3239:Ierodiakonou, Katerina; Bydén, Börje.
3195:
3184:
3133:) James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991. (
2835:) James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991. (
2592:, (James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991.
2208:is not an article of Catholic faith".
2062:Distinction between essence and energy
3077:Oxford Companion to Christian Thought
2436:The Greek Orthodox Theological Review
7:
3057:, p. 200. HarperSanFrancisco, 1991,
2892:(Associated University Presses 2007
2721:, Rowman & Littlefield. p. 108.
1816:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1426:Differences from the Catholic Church
1292:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
3653:Christian views on the Old Covenant
3250:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2932:Introduction to St. Gregory Palamas
2698:, p. 59. Fordham University Press,
1138:Other possible ecumenical councils:
901:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
3027:et seq.)" (James Bastible (editor)
25:
3065:. Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
2999:. Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
2908:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2866:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2810:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2787:, Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2764:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2729:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2706:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2683:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
1008:American Orthodox Catholic Church
4120:Religious philosophical concepts
3080:; (Oxford University Press 2000
2668:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
2498:Simon Vailhé, "Greek Church" in
2449:"The Search for Sacred Quietude"
2126:sense of the term. According to
911:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
451:
389:
47:
2802:, p. 391. A&C Black, 1975,
2252:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
2010:is seen as an extension of the
1231:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1092:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
76:Fifth Council of Constantinople
3855:Separation of church and state
3039:Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma
2991:, p. xi. Paulist Press, 1983,
2964:article on the Blessed Trinity
2518:, p. xi. Paulist Press, 1983,
2471:. Sheed and Ward. p. 50.
2079:"virtual distinction" and the
1:
2095:, leading to the teaching of
1661:Intercession of the Theotokos
1436:Opposition to papal supremacy
1255:Moscow–Constantinople schism
956:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3936:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
2988:Gregory Palamas – The Triads
2515:Gregory Palamas – The Triads
1226:Christianization of Bulgaria
106:Essence–energies distinction
18:Essence–Energies distinction
3972:Christian reconstructionism
3740:Priesthood of all believers
1781:Photios I of Constantinople
1298:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
1221:Christianization of Georgia
4136:
2985:John Meyendorff (editor),
2858:, p. 204, Eerdmans, 2004,
2855:The Beauty of the Infinite
2536:Fortescue, Adrian (1910),
2512:John Meyendorff (editor),
2154:
2133:theological historian Fr.
1954:Potentiality and actuality
1951:
1431:Opposition to the Filioque
974:Noncanonical jurisdictions
4085:Eastern Orthodox theology
3634:
3621:
3584:
3571:
3484:
3471:
3309:
3296:
3051:Catherine Mowry LaCugna,
2930:George C. Papademetriou,
1668:The four fasting periods:
1549:Eastern Orthodox marriage
1157:Other important councils:
1013:American World Patriarchs
931:Great Britain and Ireland
373:Eastern Catholic Churches
368:Eastern Orthodox theology
358:Chalcedonian Christianity
216:Symeon the New Theologian
154:Influences and precursors
3873:Confessional Lutheranism
2204:of the Catholic Church.
2109:philosophical theologian
1711:Athanasius of Alexandria
961:United States of America
753:Czech Lands and Slovakia
575:Four Marks of the Church
4095:Conceptual distinctions
3735:Protestant ecclesiology
3478:Eastern Orthodox Church
3023:20 January 2011 at the
2945:"UnitatisRedintegratio"
2692:John Meyendorff (1979)
2560:Aristotle East and West
2465:Nichols, Aidan (1995).
2186:First Council of Nicaea
2054:states in Chapter 4 of
1991:scholar and theologian
1928:scholar and theologian
1906:. It was formulated by
1544:Eastern Orthodox bowing
445:Eastern Orthodox Church
396:Christianity portal
363:Eastern Orthodox Church
241:Nicodemus the Hagiorite
4115:Nature of Jesus Christ
4025:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
4015:Imparted righteousness
3898:Lutheran scholasticism
3752:Protestant Soteriology
3241:"Byzantine Philosophy"
3194:Cite journal requires
2434:by John S. Romanides,
2192:. Catholic theologian
2018:Eastern Orthodox views
1920:against the charge of
1821:Eastern Orthodox cross
986:Spiritual Christianity
3913:Theology of the Cross
3354:Immaculate Conception
3177:Mitralexis, Sotiris.
2960:Catholic Encyclopedia
2715:John Farrelly (2005)
2500:Catholic Encyclopedia
2389:contemplation of God.
2175:Catholic perspectives
2103:Modern interpretation
1948:Historical background
1831:Statistics by country
1756:Maximus the Confessor
1184:Constantinople (1872)
71:Hesychast controversy
4020:Second work of grace
4010:Christian perfection
3878:Evangelical Catholic
3762:Conditional election
3680:Evangelical theology
3319:Apostolic succession
2852:David Bentley Hart,
2257:Byzantine philosophy
1766:Theodore the Studite
1731:Gregory of Nazianzus
1589:Russian bell ringing
1514:Liturgical entrances
1324:Essence vs. Energies
1319:Contemplative prayer
1072:Evangelical Orthodox
894:Episcopal assemblies
617:Ecumenical Patriarch
570:Apostolic succession
378:Eastern Christianity
186:Gregory of Nazianzus
3951:Prosperity theology
3782:Unlimited atonement
3494:Cataphatic theology
3399:Papal infallibility
3344:Ecumenical Councils
2969:13 May 2011 at the
2917:Christos Yannaras,
2637:John S. Romanides,
2279:Sophrony (Sakharov)
2247:Cappadocian Fathers
2012:Sunday of Orthodoxy
1993:Barlaam of Calabria
1930:Barlaam of Calabria
1776:Cyril and Methodius
1746:Cyril of Alexandria
1633:Liturgical calendar
1449:Liturgy and worship
1085:Ecumenical councils
488:History of theology
251:Stevan Dimitrijević
35:Part of a series on
3987:Lordship salvation
3893:Lutheran orthodoxy
3845:Believer's baptism
3578:Oriental Orthodoxy
3489:Apophatic theology
3449:Transubstantiation
3334:Christian humanism
3324:Assumption of Mary
3289:Christian theology
2776:The Rublev Trinity
2739:Cistercian Studies
2665:Erwin Fabhlbusch,
2290:Western philosophy
2165:claim that God is
2112:David Bentley Hart
2023:Essence and energy
2004:Hesychast councils
1726:Cyril of Jerusalem
1656:Feast of Orthodoxy
951:Spain and Portugal
459:Christ Pantocrator
304:Contrary positions
291:Formal distinction
141:Apophatic theology
81:Synod of Jerusalem
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4051:Messianic Judaism
3850:Immersion baptism
3802:Anglo-Catholicism
3663:Dispensationalism
3658:Covenant theology
3617:
3616:
3609:Aphthartodocetism
3567:
3566:
3467:
3466:
3161:978-0-521-82865-9
2951:on 6 March 2013.
2750:Vladimir Lossky,
2671:, vol. 4, p. 13,
2654:Dogmatic Theology
2568:978-0-521-82865-9
2221:Orthodox theology
2071:According to Fr.
1937:Western Christian
1912:Athonite monastic
1870:
1869:
1721:Basil of Caesarea
1716:Ephrem the Syrian
1599:Sign of the cross
1574:Paschal troparion
1354:Mystical theology
1164:Quinisext Council
865:Semi-Autonomous:
510:View of salvation
430:
429:
316:Scholastic method
284:Similar positions
261:Christos Yannaras
181:Basil of Caesarea
16:(Redirected from
4127:
3964:
3772:Prevenient grace
3636:
3623:
3573:
3504:Essence–energies
3473:
3414:Quartodecimanism
3298:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3254:
3245:Zalta, Edward N.
3203:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3119:
3089:
3072:
3066:
3049:
3043:
3034:
3028:
3006:
3000:
2983:
2974:
2956:
2947:. Archived from
2941:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2909:
2884:
2867:
2850:
2844:
2817:
2811:
2794:
2788:
2771:
2765:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2713:
2707:
2690:
2684:
2663:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2607:
2601:
2579:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2510:
2504:
2494:
2483:
2482:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2451:. 17 March 2019.
2445:
2439:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2390:
2383:
2320:Essence-Function
2067:Real distinction
1874:Eastern Orthodox
1862:
1855:
1848:
1761:John of Damascus
1736:Gregory of Nyssa
1564:Paschal greeting
1529:Memorial service
1339:Hypostatic union
1216:Byzantine Empire
1001:Old Calendarists
622:Episcopal polity
565:Christian Church
455:
432:
422:
415:
408:
394:
393:
271:Hilarion Alfeyev
206:John of Damascus
201:Pseudo-Dionysius
191:Gregory of Nyssa
166:Paul the Apostle
136:Hypostatic union
51:
50:
32:
21:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4060:
4029:
3996:
3962:
3955:
3922:
3903:Neo-Lutheranism
3888:Loci Theologici
3859:
3831:
3788:
3777:Total depravity
3745:Church covenant
3716:Soli Deo gloria
3668:Supersessionism
3630:
3613:
3580:
3563:
3480:
3463:
3305:
3303:Catholic Church
3292:
3286:
3238:
3210:
3193:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3171:Further reading
3168:
3123:Vladimir Lossky
3116:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3074:Kallistos Ware
3073:
3069:
3050:
3046:
3036:Dr Ludwig Ott,
3035:
3031:
3025:Wayback Machine
3014:Synod at Rheims
3007:
3003:
2984:
2977:
2971:Wayback Machine
2943:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2885:
2870:
2851:
2847:
2821:Mark of Ephesus
2818:
2814:
2795:
2791:
2773:Gabriel Bunge,
2772:
2768:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2714:
2710:
2691:
2687:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2608:
2604:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2511:
2507:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2428:
2421:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2284:John Meyendorff
2274:Vladimir Lossky
2262:Pavel Florensky
2242:Uncreated Light
2218:
2177:
2159:
2153:
2105:
2088:Vladimir Lossky
2069:
2064:
2025:
2020:
1987:brought by the
1960:Gregory Palamas
1956:
1950:
1924:brought by the
1908:Gregory Palamas
1866:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1786:Gregory Palamas
1741:John Chrysostom
1705:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1665:
1645:12 Great Feasts
1635:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1519:Liturgical fans
1461:Divine Services
1451:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1200:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1154:
1135:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1017:
996:Catacomb Church
975:
967:
966:
965:
936:Italy and Malta
895:
887:
886:
885:
863:
854:Bessarabia (RP)
818:
807:
806:
805:
803:
801:
778:
762:
758:North Macedonia
681:
670:
669:
668:
596:
586:
585:
584:
553:
550:
535:
527:
465:
426:
388:
383:
382:
353:
352:
343:
342:
306:
305:
296:
295:
286:
285:
276:
275:
256:John Meyendorff
236:Gregory Palamas
231:
230:
221:
220:
196:John Chrysostom
156:
155:
146:
145:
101:
100:
91:
90:
66:
65:
56:
54:Gregory Palamas
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4133:
4131:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Trinitarianism
4097:
4092:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4056:Restorationism
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3992:Predestination
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3928:Pentecostalist
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3730:Fundamentalism
3727:
3723:Solus Christus
3719:
3712:
3709:Sola scriptura
3705:
3698:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3675:Evangelicalism
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3615:
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3496:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3454:Ultramontanism
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3364:Infant baptism
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Traditionalism
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3208:External links
3206:
3205:
3204:
3196:|journal=
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2997:978-0809124473
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2906:978-0838641118
2868:
2864:978-0802829214
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2812:
2808:978-0860120063
2789:
2785:978-0881413106
2766:
2762:978-0913836316
2743:
2731:
2727:978-0742532267
2708:
2704:978-0823209675
2685:
2677:978-0802824165
2658:
2652:Joseph Pohle,
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2052:John Damascene
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1685:Apostles' Fast
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1619:Use of incense
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Paschal Homily
1566:
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1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Memory Eternal
1531:
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1456:Divine Liturgy
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1206:Church Fathers
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
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1176:
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1166:
1160:
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1016:
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991:True Orthodoxy
988:
983:
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688:Constantinople
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583:
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539:
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529:
528:
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504:Holy Mysteries
501:
499:Church history
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44:
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37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
4132:
4121:
4118:
4116:
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4108:
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4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Faith healing
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
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3817:Center church
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Branch theory
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3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:Protestantism
3624:
3620:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Monothelitism
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Monophysitism
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Sacerdotalism
3422:
3420:
3419:Real presence
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:0-521-82865-1
3150:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:0-227-67919-9
3136:
3132:
3131:0-913836-31-1
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3115:9780227900086
3111:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3086:0-19-860024-0
3083:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3063:9780060649128
3060:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:0-8386-4111-3
2895:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:0-227-67919-9
2838:
2834:
2833:0-913836-31-1
2830:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2796:Karl Rahner,
2793:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2626:0-227-67919-9
2623:
2619:
2618:0-913836-31-1
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:0-227-67919-9
2595:
2591:
2590:0-913836-31-1
2587:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2478:9780722050804
2474:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:Aidan Nichols
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2086:According to
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:John Climacus
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:Major figures
1701:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Nativity Fast
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:Other feasts:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Paschal cycle
1638:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1251:North America
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Old Believers
979:
978:
971:
970:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Latin America
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
891:
890:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Americas (RP)
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:jurisdictions
816:
811:
810:
804:
798:
797:Ukraine (UOC)
795:
794:
792:
787:
786:Ukraine (OCU)
784:
783:
781:
775:
772:
771:
769:
767:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
680:jurisdictions
679:
678:Autocephalous
674:
673:
665:
662:
658:
655:
654:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
590:
589:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
552:
546:
542:
538:
537:
531:
530:
524:
523:View of icons
521:
519:
518:
514:
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
473:
468:
464:
460:
454:
450:
449:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
423:
418:
416:
411:
409:
404:
403:
401:
400:
397:
392:
387:
386:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
347:
346:
339:
338:Protestantism
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
300:
299:
292:
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
269:
267:
266:Seraphim Rose
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
225:
224:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
150:
149:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
95:
94:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
55:
46:
45:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3918:Two kingdoms
3812:Broad church
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3599:Monoenergism
3589:Miaphysitism
3503:
3291:by tradition
3248:
3187:cite journal
3164:Google books
3143:Google books
3104:
3095:Bibliography
3076:
3070:
3053:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3009:
3004:
2987:
2958:
2952:
2949:the original
2939:
2931:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2888:
2854:
2848:
2824:
2815:
2798:
2792:
2775:
2769:
2752:
2746:
2734:
2717:
2711:
2694:
2688:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2609:
2605:
2581:
2559:
2555:
2544:, retrieved
2538:
2531:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2467:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2413:
2381:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2330:
2324:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2268:Neo-Palamism
2267:
2266:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2190:divine unity
2182:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2145:
2138:
2115:
2106:
2085:
2070:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2000:mystagogical
1997:
1974:
1973:practice of
1964:Thessaloniki
1957:
1934:
1915:
1914:practice of
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1826:Saint titles
1806:Architecture
1799:Other topics
1504:Jesus Prayer
1415:
1408:
1391:
1374:
1368:
1359:Nicene Creed
1334:Holy Trinity
1323:
1309:Apophaticism
1259:15th–16th c.
1236:Great Schism
876:Estonia (MP)
864:
859:Moldova (MP)
834:Estonia (EP)
802:
790:
779:
765:
763:
612:Patriarchate
594:Organization
560:Christianity
547: /
545:Resurrection
543: /
517:View of Mary
515:
508:
463:Hagia Sophia
328:Nestorianism
176:Neoplatonism
105:
86:Neo-Palamism
29:
4105:Panentheism
3963:(Calvinist)
3946:Glossolalia
3822:High church
3702:Sola gratia
3544:Tabor Light
3529:Proskynesis
3514:Metousiosis
3509:Gnomic will
3394:Natural law
3369:Josephology
3359:Indulgences
2227:Deification
2168:actus purus
2120:ontological
1976:hesychasmos
1579:Prayer rope
1499:Iconostasis
1489:Euchologion
1474:Apolytikion
1349:Metousiosis
1314:Chrismation
946:Scandinavia
652:Monasticism
607:Autocephaly
541:Crucifixion
131:Tabor Light
4079:Categories
4046:Anabaptism
3982:Free Grace
3827:Low church
3459:Veneration
3404:Priesthood
3314:Absolution
2546:3 February
2397:References
2315:Bhedabheda
2196:held that
2194:Ludwig Ott
2163:scholastic
2155:See also:
2048:noetically
2008:Great Lent
1952:See also:
1942:polytheism
1892:) and the
1680:Great Lent
1559:Paraklesis
1539:Omophorion
1494:Holy Water
1393:Philokalia
1052:Montenegro
881:ROCOR (MP)
871:Crete (EP)
844:China (MP)
839:Japan (MP)
815:Autonomous
693:Alexandria
534:Background
457:Mosaic of
333:Barlaamism
4090:Hesychasm
4041:Adventism
3961:Reformed
3757:Assurance
3695:Sola fide
3648:Adiaphora
3559:Theotokos
3539:Symphonia
3534:Sobornost
3524:Phyletism
3434:Sainthood
3429:Sacrament
3409:Purgatory
3389:Modernism
3379:Mariology
2539:Hesychasm
2128:Dominican
2097:pantheism
2093:identical
2077:Thomistic
1917:Hesychasm
1690:Dormition
1614:Vestments
1609:Troparion
1604:Sticheron
1594:Semantron
1584:Prosphora
1509:Kontakion
1417:Theotokos
1370:Oikonomia
1329:Hesychasm
1211:Pentarchy
1179:Jerusalem
1023:churches:
703:Jerusalem
627:Canon law
580:Orthodoxy
549:Ascension
479:Structure
229:Palamites
121:Theotokos
111:Hesychasm
4110:Palamism
4002:Wesleyan
3865:Lutheran
3794:Anglican
3519:Phronema
3349:Filioque
3329:Dogmatic
3021:Archived
2967:Archived
2681:Eerdmans
2335:division
2302:Noumenon
2216:See also
2140:ab extra
2131:Catholic
2050:. As St
2036:energeia
1989:humanist
1971:monastic
1968:Athonite
1926:humanist
1899:energeia
1894:energies
1879:palamite
1771:Kassiani
1469:Akathist
1399:Phronema
1387:Palamism
1376:Akribeia
1285:Theology
1032:Abkhazia
1021:National
723:Bulgaria
664:Bratstvo
602:Autonomy
551:of Jesus
484:Theology
470:Overview
437:a series
435:Part of
246:Sophrony
171:Plotinus
99:Theology
41:Palamism
3908:Pietism
3883:Haugean
3837:Baptist
3692: (
3640:General
3554:Theosis
3549:Theoria
3499:Economy
3444:Thomism
3439:Scotism
3374:Liturgy
3247:(ed.).
3010:De fide
2367:Sefirot
2358:Ein Sof
2345:Judaism
2326:Brahman
2296:Plethon
2237:synergy
2232:theosis
2124:Scotist
2081:Scotist
1884:essence
1484:Ectenia
1410:Theosis
1198:History
1131:Seventh
1037:Belarus
926:Germany
906:Austria
829:Finland
774:America
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