38:
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134:, she was expelled from Brazil and was forcibly taken as a slave to the house of captain Antônio Vieira de Couto. Her duties as a slave included making flour, cleaning cotton, weaving hammocks, and extracting castor oil for the purpose of making lamps. She married an Angolan named Ignácio Garcia, who was 30 years older than her, and the pair had at least 2 children together. She was a practicing
148:
On 6 September 1770, she penned a letter to the president of the province of São José do Piauí, Gonçalo
Pereira Botelho de Castro, denouncing the abuse she had suffered and petitioning to free herself from slavery. She described her life while as a slave “very unhappy”, and claims that she and her
130:. While there is no existing documentation of her birth or death date, she is believed to have been born at around 1751. She was also likely Creole. It was on this Jesuit farm where she learned how to read and write. At the age of 9, with the order made by the
567:
PROJETO DE LEI N.º 3.772-A, DE 2019 (Da Sra. Margarete Coelho). Inscreve o nome de
Esperança Garcia no Livro dos Heróis e Heroínas da Pátria; tendo parecer da Comissão de Cultura, pela aprovação (relatora: DEP. BENEDITA DA
96:
who is who is considered to have written the first earliest known slave petition in Brazil. On 6 September 1770, she sent a petition to free herself from slavery to the then-president of the province of São José do Piauí,
155:
She fled a little after the petition was sent, reappearing in a list of forcibly enslaved people at
Fazenda Algodões. The list, dated 1778, showed that she married Ignácio, who was of Angolan origin, and had 2 children.
168:, a state in Brazil. Her letter is also considered an important work to the origins of Afro-Brazilian women's literature. In the state of Piauí, the day she sent the letter, 6 September, is commemorated as
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The petition she wrote to the governor is considered the first letter written by a woman in the modern-day state of Piauí, which came to be a precursor to advocacy work in the state.
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370:"A carta da escrava 'Esperança Garcia' de Nazaré do Piauí: uma narrativa de testemunho precursora da literatura afro-brasileira"
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first son were beaten. She had asked, among other things, to return to
Fazenda Algodões to have her daughter baptized there.
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made an homage to Garcia's memory in their 2019 song "História pra Ninar Gente Grande". She was honored again by the
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248:"Mulher negra escravizada no século XVIII, Esperança Garcia é reconhecida como a primeira advogada do Brasil"
197:, which commemorates and honors national heroes. The legislation to do so was put forth by federal deputy
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470:"A "carta" da escrava Esperança Garcia do Piauí: uma narrativa precursora da literatura afro-brasileira"
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In 2017, the Zumbi dos
Palmares Memorial, a space dedicated to Black culture in the state capital of
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109:, she denounced the abuse and maltreatment of her and her son by the overseer of Fazenda Algodões.
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In 1979, Esperanca’s letter was rediscovered, and she became an icon for the black movement in
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634:"Em Cima da Hora exalta a potência de 'Esperança Garcia', mas peca na parte plástica"
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280:"Mulher, negra e escravizada: Esperança Garcia, a primeira advogada do Piauí"
444:"A carta de Esperança Garcia: uma mensagem de coragem, cidadania e ousadia"
417:"1ª advogada do Brasil foi mulher negra que denunciou maus tratos e abusos"
521:"Heroínas negras brasileiras - Jarid Arraes - Grupo Companhia das Letras"
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Garcia was born on a plantation called
Fazenda Algodões, owned by the
495:"Esperança Garcia é enaltecida em sessão do Dia da Consciência Negra"
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581:"Mangueira lembra Esperança Garcia, a primeira advogada do Piauí"
609:. Estação Primeira de Mangueira Site Oficial. Archived from
190:, was renovated and renamed the Esperança Garcia Memorial.
42:
Statue of Garcia at
Central de Artesanato Mestre Dezinho,
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In 2019, she was inducted into the Book of Steel at the
546:"Após reforma, Memorial Esperança Garcia será reaberto"
671:"Quando a escrava Esperança Garcia escreveu uma carta"
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Many organizations founded by Afro-Brazilian women in
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Esperança Garcia: the first female lawyer in Brazil
475:. Annals of the XIV Congresso Internacional ABRALIC
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50:
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342:"Enslaved: Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade"
179:as part of her 2015 cordel collection and book
105:), Gonçalo Pereira Botelho de Castro. In the
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368:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ed.).
175:A biography about her was written by author
19:Not to be confused with DC Comics character
254:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 November 2022
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25:
181:Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis
607:"Mangueira divulga seu enredo para 2019"
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676:"A coragem da escrava Esperança Garcia"
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659:Facsimile of Esperança Garcia's letter
403:Oxford African American Studies Center
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313:. Heróis de Todo Mundo. Archived from
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442:João Vieira de França et all (ed.).
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632:Frois, Eduardo (19 February 2023).
681:Coletivo Cultural Esperança Garcia
14:
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468:Helio Ferreira de Souza (ed.).
282:. Carta Capital. Archived from
84:(born c. 1751) was an enslaved
583:. Cidade Verde. Archived from
101:(now the current day state of
1:
525:www.companhiadasletras.com.br
497:. Teresina FM. Archived from
206:Estação Primeira de Mangueira
731:18th-century Brazilian women
548:. Cidade Verde. 23 July 2017
126:in what is now the town of
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394:Mott, Luiz (31 May 2017).
195:Pantheon of the Fatherland
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423:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
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170:Black Consciousness Day
721:Brazilian rebel slaves
278:Sinara Gumieri (ed.).
223:samba school in 2023.
579:Hérlon Moraes (ed.).
204:In 2019 as well, the
99:Captaincy of Maranhão
711:Afro-Brazilian women
230:bear Garcia’s name.
726:18th-century slaves
501:on 4 September 2017
396:"Garcia, Esperança"
286:on 4 September 2017
664:2019-02-26 at the
587:on 2 November 2019
317:on 23 October 2019
311:"Esperança Garcia"
57:Fazenda Algodões,
716:Brazilian lawyers
706:People from Piauí
449:. Cultura Digital
132:Marquis de Pombal
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16:Brazilian lawyer
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375:. LiterAfri
217: [
88:and likely
695:Categories
351:2024-08-12
234:References
201:of Piauí.
118:Early life
144:Adulthood
113:Biography
92:woman in
66:Signature
662:Archived
640:9 August
617:9 August
591:9 August
552:9 August
530:1 August
505:9 August
479:9 August
453:9 August
427:9 August
379:9 August
321:9 August
290:9 August
258:9 August
188:Teresina
136:Catholic
107:petition
44:Teresina
568:SILVA).
124:Jesuits
54:c. 1751
160:Legacy
94:Brazil
90:Creole
473:(PDF)
447:(PDF)
399:(PDF)
373:(PDF)
228:Piauí
221:]
166:Piauí
103:Piauí
642:2023
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405:: 2.
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