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end the government has published a victim identification guide in
Estonian and Russian, for use by law enforcement officials. The government has distributed anti-trafficking material at tourism and job fairs. Consular officials have visited schools to discuss dangers of trafficking. The government has also co-ordinated efforts in trafficking-reduction/elimination with other countries and has taken various other anti-trafficking measures.
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and extortion, and some members committed tax fraud, drug crimes and violent crimes. In general, violent crime and protection rackets have become a thing of the past: it is no longer necessary for ordinary businessmen to pay protection money. Instead, the mafia is more involved in drug trade and white-collar crime such as tax fraud. Also, many former mafia "businessmen" have moved to legitimate business.
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adds that the government "is making significant efforts to do so". Trafficking is now treated as a serious matter by the
Estonian government, which enacted a law in 2012 criminalizing trafficking in persons with penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment. The Estonian government identified 56 victims in 2011; 39 women, 17 men, and no children; 37 were sex trafficking victims, 19 were labor trafficking.
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The 2012 "Trafficking in
Persons Report" issued by the US Trafficking state department repeats the claims of previous years that Estonia is "source, transit, and destination" for adult human trafficking, and that Estonia fails to comply with their minimum standards for eliminating trafficking. It now
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6.2–6.9), ranking it 27th in a list of 180 countries. In comparison, neighbouring Sweden was ranked 1st–3rd with a CPI at 9.3 (CI 9.2–9.4), Finland 5th–6th with a CPI at 9.0 (CI 8.4–9.4), Russia 147th–150th with a CPI at 2.1 (CI 1.9–2.5), and Latvia 52nd with a CPI at 5.0 (CI 4.8–5.2). Higher index
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In 2010s, the police have been successful in disrupting the operations of the
Obtshak by arresting high-ranking members. One of the kingpins, Assar Paulus, was convicted in 2016 for founding a criminal organization and funding drug trafficking. The gang got its income through illegal debt collection
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In
December 2006, it was estimated that residents of Estonia were responsible for 140 robberies of jewellery and watch stores in Finland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden during the three years prior. The value of the lost property is
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was considerably higher than ever during the same period in
Estonia; for example, an average of 9.4 people per 100,000 per year were killed in Estonia between 1999 and 2001. According to statistics published in Britain in 2008 relating to the period 1991–2001, the number of crimes increased by 84%
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The report also states that the
Estonian government funds ($ US42k) an active anti-trafficking hotline, and that it has increased funding ($ US158k) for anti-trafficking victim care and that it maintains a "strong and supportive" relationship with organisations active in anti-trafficking. To this
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A total of 326 corruption-related offenses were identified and registered in 2008, considerably below the number registered in 2006, when 511 instances of corruption were found, but 17% higher than in 2007, and slightly higher than in 2003. These accounted for just 0.6% of all criminal offenses.
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In
February 2012, the government passed an anti-corruption act in order to further improve transparency in the public sector, such as asset disclosure by government officials. Public trust in the electoral system is high. However, the government still faces challenges in combating corruption.
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Organized crime is characterized by a loose alliance of mobster groups, principally of
Russian origins, with a wide range of different rackets: prostitution, motor vehicle theft, drug trafficking, and previously also "providing" workers to building contracts in Finland, where the criminal
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In 2005, the
Estonian Central Criminal Police noticed a decline in revenues of the Common Fund, leading to capture of several high-ranking members. The decline has been attributed to changes in Estonian society, particularly those experienced in the lead-up to accession to
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Foreign investors do not consider corruption as a main problem of doing business in Estonia. In general, the public sector is transparent and has good compliance with anti-corruption initiatives and demonstrates adherence to ethical principles on the cultural level.
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of criminal groups, a trade union of sorts which settles conflicts and establishes the boundaries of the spheres of interest of the various groups. In 2003, the Common Fund had been dominated for about 15 years by Nikolai Tarankov of Russian heritage and
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training. However, Tarankov was killed by his godson in 2016. The Common Fund pays for lawyers of caught members, purchases and delivers packages to imprisoned members and covers other expenses. Such "insurance" increases the loyalty of the members.
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countries, behind Latvia (4.9) and Lithuania (3.5); nevertheless lower than the global average of 6.1 victims per 100,000 people (in 2017). In 2022 there were a total of 18 murders which was the lowest number since regaining independence.
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means perception of more transparency and less corruption. As of 2014 the Corruption Perception Index for Estonia is 6.9, placing it at the 26th position (in the context of EU above France and below Austria). In 2022 Estonia ranked 14th.
275:. According to the opinion of senior superintendent of narcotic crimes department at North Police Prefecture only 1% of the whole amount of drugs on the market is confiscated in Estonia. In 2011, the
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358:, and previously also "providing" workers to building contracts in Finland, where the criminal organizations were confiscating a share of workers' wages. Although small size, the Estonian
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247:. He is known for having collected money with promise of overseas jobs from thousands of people and disappearing after having caused over (estimated) 10 million of
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is small by international standards. As in other post-Soviet states, crime has increased in the 1990s, but then it has gradually decreased in the 21st century.
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The murder rate was considerably higher in the 1990s and the 2000s. An average of 9.4 people per 100,000 per year were killed in Estonia between 1999 and 2001.
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in 2002, since the fall of the Soviet Union the largest group of prostitutes working in Finland has consisted of trafficked women from Estonia and Russia.
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organizations were confiscating a share of workers' wages. Although small, the mafia is hierarchical and well-organized, which has enabled its survival.
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952:"Suomalainen Timo joutui Viron mafian uhkailemaksi – ammattirikollisten koura ulottuu edelleen jopa Suomeen asti: "Kumppani löytyi puuhun sidottuna""
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was hierarchical and well-organized, which has enabled its survival to this day, albeit to a much more modest form. Also, the
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Local-level government corruption still remains a problem, and public awareness of corruption-prevention needs to be raised.
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Trafficking Unit designated the Baltic states and Kaliningrad as a transit hub for drug trafficking in and out of Russia.
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increased by 21 between 1997 and 2001. Overall, crime has fallen precipitously between 1995 and 2010, by close to 70%.
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Estonia's Obtshak crime organisation a major supplier of Finnish illegal drug market. Helsingin Sanomat 23.4.2002
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Estonia is currently one of the safest and stablest countries in Europe, but between the 1990s and the 2000s,
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924:"Viron poliisin uusi taktiikka tuottaa tulosta: Alamaailman "legendoja" jäänyt kiinni yksi toisensa jälkeen"
572:"Viron poliisin uusi taktiikka tuottaa tulosta: Alamaailman "legendoja" jäänyt kiinni yksi toisensa jälkeen"
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Criminal Policy Studies No 10. Pp. 48–52 Tallinn: Ministry of Justice. Criminal Policy Department. 2009.
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In 2020, Estonia had a murder rate of 2.8 per 100,000 population. This was the third highest rate among
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The illegal drug trade's turnover in Estonia according to 2008 estimates might be several billion
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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874:"Estonia's Obtshak crime organisation a major supplier of Finnish illegal drug market"
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New Security Issues in Northern Europe: The Nordic and Baltic States and the ESDP
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New Security Issues in Northern Europe: The Nordic and Baltic States and the ESDP
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groups, principally of Russian origins, with a wide range of different rackets:
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896:"Virossa pelätään mafiasotaa Permin rikollisryhmän pomo ammuttiin sunnuntaina"
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http://www2.helsinginsanomat.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20020423IE11
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835:"Finland Report 2002: Organised Pandering and Prostitution in Finland".
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has measured the Corruption Perception Index for Estonia to be at 6.6 (
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was tried in France for robbing several jeweller's shops in Paris.
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Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be
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is a relatively safe country, and the risk of being a victim of
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733:"2022 Corruption Perceptions Index - Explore Estonia's results"
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https://apnews.com/article/ab4c12762bfa493b9941c075a9f410bd
435:"Latvia still leads EU on homicides, particularly of women"
421:"Latvia still leads EU on homicides, particularly of women"
661:"Estonian narcotics market turnover exceeds EEK 5 billion"
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prevailed and it was characterized by a loose alliance of
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was convicted for embezzlement in 2003. The neologism
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Kuritegelik sõpruskond keerutab ühiskassa miljoneid
163:List of countries by intentional homicide rate
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844:March 2003. Interpol. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
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8:
367:from 1991 to 2001. The number of discovered
855:"Country Narratives: Countries A Through F"
684:Europol Assesses Baltic Organized Crime Hub
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385:estimated to be 25 million euros. In 2012,
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460:"Kuritegevuse tase langes mullu mõnevõrra"
407:"Estonia International Travel Information"
812:. GAN Integrity Solutions. Archived from
806:"Snapshot of the Estonia Country Profile"
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
639:Estonian Slang Dictionary maintained by
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42:This article includes a list of general
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1071:Organised crime situation report 2001
7:
1051:Kuusi kultaryöstöa kahdessa vuodessa
781:"Freedom in the world 2013- Estonia"
375:Crime of Estonian residents overseas
1073:at www.coe.int/ (Council of Europe)
1034:"Where have all the burglars gone?"
612:Nikolai Tarankov – vaikne valitseja
239:is the largest ever perpetrator of
1007:, p. 25. London: Routledge, 2008.
48:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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700:2008 Corruption Perception Index
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1088:Business Anti-Corruption Portal
932:(in Finnish). September 4, 2017
810:Business Anti-Corruption Portal
985:(in Finnish). December 7, 2019
872:Harju, Jukka (23 April 2002).
1:
1057:, December 20, 2006, page A13
960:(in Finnish). August 6, 2018
904:(in Finnish). April 26, 1994
263:verb meaning "to embezzle".
1309:Restoration of independence
1226:Declaration of Independence
761:"Crime in Estonia in 2008."
659:Koovit, Kaja (2008-10-03).
641:Estonian Language Institute
519:. London: Routledge, 2008.
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718:Transparency International
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354:, motor vehicle theft,
63:more precise citations.
1887:Bosnia and Herzegovina
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387:Le gang des Estoniens
289:Corruption in Estonia
208:umbrella organisation
161:Further information:
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578:. September 4, 2017.
464:Justiitsministeerium
251:of damages in 1993.
2108:States with limited
1294:Government-in-exile
1231:War of Independence
983:Todellinen Tallinna
594:February 11, 2002:
380:Jewellery robberies
369:drug-related crimes
206:) is a traditional
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1299:Singing Revolution
1280:Estonian partisans
1201:Great Northern War
840:2011-06-29 at the
766:2011-07-20 at the
626:January 27, 2005:
598:by Risto Berendson
550:2004-12-27 at the
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1021:978-0-415-39340-9
929:Helsingin Sanomat
901:Helsingin Sanomat
878:Helsingin Sanomat
739:. 31 January 2023
630:by Janar Filippov
576:Helsingin Sanomat
533:978-0-415-39340-9
318:Human trafficking
198:The Common Fund (
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1649:Coat of arms
1634:Architecture
1576:Demographics
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1468:(parliament)
1464:
1422:Human rights
1402:Constitution
1287:Deportations
1265:World War II
1258:Estonian SSR
1186:Livonian War
1149:list of wars
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987:. Retrieved
982:
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352:prostitution
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116:January 2020
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2175:Isle of Man
2110:recognition
2079:Switzerland
2014:Netherlands
1510:e-Residency
1500:Agriculture
989:January 11,
964:January 11,
936:January 11,
908:January 11,
790:17 November
364:murder rate
69:August 2021
61:introducing
2049:San Marino
2009:Montenegro
1989:Luxembourg
1969:Kazakhstan
1872:Azerbaijan
1750:Television
1730:Newspapers
1697:Kalevipoeg
1684:Literature
1601:Healthcare
1417:Government
820:2013-11-17
670:2009-06-14
645:entry #37
393:References
283:Corruption
44:references
2165:Gibraltar
1984:Lithuania
1839:in Europe
1715:Mythology
1679:Languages
1586:Estonians
1581:Education
1545:Transport
1520:Oil shale
1465:Riigikogu
1454:President
1407:Elections
1319:Geography
1086:from the
957:Iltalehti
293:In 2008,
257:viioldama
253:Avo Viiol
204:ühiskassa
2200:Category
2185:Svalbard
2170:Guernsey
2117:Abkhazia
2064:Slovenia
2059:Slovakia
2034:Portugal
1892:Bulgaria
1790:Category
1674:Internet
1669:Folklore
1606:Religion
1530:Taxation
1444:Military
1385:Politics
1144:Timeline
1128:articles
838:Archived
764:Archived
703:Archived
647:to steal
548:Archived
535:. P. 25.
324:Interpol
200:Estonian
2089:Ukraine
2039:Romania
1999:Moldova
1957:Ireland
1952:Iceland
1947:Hungary
1937:Germany
1932:Georgia
1922:Finland
1917:Estonia
1912:Denmark
1897:Croatia
1882:Belgium
1877:Belarus
1867:Austria
1862:Armenia
1857:Andorra
1852:Albania
1774:Outline
1755:Theatre
1725:Symbols
1654:Cuisine
1621:Culture
1559:Society
1540:Tourism
1488:Economy
1346:Islands
1331:Climate
1136:History
1124:Estonia
1065:Sources
348:mobster
277:EUROPOL
245:Estonia
194:Obtshak
142:Estonia
136:Tallinn
106:updated
57:improve
2180:Jersey
2122:Kosovo
2084:Turkey
2074:Sweden
2054:Serbia
2044:Russia
2029:Poland
2024:Norway
2004:Monaco
1974:Latvia
1942:Greece
1927:France
1902:Cyprus
1795:Portal
1644:Cinema
1629:Anthem
1515:Energy
1366:Rivers
1126:
1019:
1011:
743:10 May
531:
523:
496:10 May
470:10 May
157:Murder
46:, but
2155:Åland
2069:Spain
1994:Malta
1964:Italy
1837:Crime
1781:Index
1745:Sport
1740:Radio
1710:Music
1705:Media
1664:Flags
1611:Women
1571:Crime
1371:Towns
1351:Lakes
1341:Fauna
360:mafia
267:Drugs
261:slang
232:Fraud
1720:Name
1639:Beer
1427:LGBT
1017:ISBN
1009:ISBN
991:2022
966:2022
938:2022
910:2022
792:2013
745:2023
529:ISBN
521:ISBN
498:2023
472:2023
1690:ABD
1434:Law
273:EEK
249:EEK
243:in
213:KGB
2202::
1053:,
1036:.
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299:CI
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202::
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20:)
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