684:
36:
111:
201:
1069:
1061:
147:
291:
712:
701:
165:
345:
3642:
665:
3738:
327:
273:
255:
93:
69:
309:
237:
219:
183:
129:
850:, and about the same number viewed Baltic identity as important. The Nordic identity among Estonians can ovelap with other identities, as it is associated with being Finno-Ugric and their close relationship with the Finnish people and does not exclude being Baltic. In Estonian foreign ministry reports from the early 2000s Nordic identity was preferred over Baltic one.
1103:-related component, which is also present in Estonians and makes up about five percent of their ancestry on average. Although they have a smaller share of it than other Balto-Finns, it is one factor that distinguishes them from the Balts. Estonians can also be modelled to have considerably more Finnish-like ancestry than Baltic-speakers.
811:, became the first author to treat the Estonians as a nationality equal to others; he became a source of inspiration for the Estonian national movement, modelled on Baltic German cultural world before the middle of the 19th century. However, in the middle of the century, the Estonians became more ambitious and started leaning toward the
1661:
played an important role on the political or ideological battlefield. The institutional religious life was dominated by foreigners until the early 20th century. The tendencies that prevailed in the late 1930s for closer relations between the state and
Lutheran church ended with the Soviet occupation in 1940.
2774:
Kushniarevich, Alena; Utevska, Olga; Chuhryaeva, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasia; Dibirova, Khadizhat; Uktveryte, Ingrida; Möls, Märt; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Frolova, Svetlana; Shanko, Andrey; Metspalu, Ene; Reidla, Maere; Tambets, Kristiina; Tamm, Erika (2 September 2015). Calafell,
1748:
Saag, Lehti; Laneman, Margot; Varul, Liivi; Malve, Martin; Valk, Heiki; Razzak, Maria A.; Shirobokov, Ivan G.; Khartanovich, Valeri I.; Mikhaylova, Elena R.; Kushniarevich, Alena; Scheib, Christiana Lyn; Solnik, Anu; Reisberg, Tuuli; Parik, Jüri; Saag, Lauri; Metspalu, Ene; Rootsi, Siiri; Montinaro,
786:
into
Estonian appeared in 1739, and the number of books and brochures published in Estonian increased from 18 in the 1750s to 54 in the 1790s. By the end of the century more than a half of adult peasants could read. The first university-educated intellectuals identifying themselves as Estonians,
1660:
For this situation there are several reasons, starting from the distant past (the close connection of the churches with the
Swedish or German ruling classes) up to the Soviet-period atheist policy when the chain of religious traditions was broken in most families. In Estonia, religion has never
1635:
Estonia is considered
Protestant when classified by its historically predominant major religion (Norris and Inglehart 2011) and thus some authors (e.g., Davie 2003) claim Estonia belongs to Western (Lutheran) Europe, while others (e.g., Norris and Inglehart 2011) see Estonia as a Protestant
2845:
Khrunin, Andrey V.; Khokhrin, Denis V.; Filippova, Irina N.; Esko, Tõnu; Nelis, Mari; Bebyakova, Natalia A.; Bolotova, Natalia L.; Klovins, Janis; Nikitina-Zake, Liene; Rehnström, Karola; Ripatti, Samuli; Schreiber, Stefan; Franke, Andre; Macek, Milan; Krulišová, Veronika (7 March 2013).
2504:
Stamatoyannopoulos, George; Bose, Aritra; Teodosiadis, Athanasios; Tsetsos, Fotis; Plantinga, Anna; Psatha, Nikoletta; Zogas, Nikos; Yannaki, Evangelia; Zalloua, Pierre; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Browning, Brian L.; Stamatoyannopoulos, John; Paschou, Peristera; Drineas, Petros (2017).
2646:
Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (2018).
2358:
Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (2018).
2706:
Nelis, Mari; Esko, Tõnu; Mägi, Reedik; Zimprich, Fritz; Zimprich, Alexander; Toncheva, Draga; Karachanak, Sena; Piskáčková, Tereza; Balaščák, Ivan; Peltonen, Leena; Jakkula, Eveliina; Rehnström, Karola; Lathrop, Mark; Heath, Simon; Galan, Pilar (8 May 2009).
2280:
Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Pliss, Liana; Balanovsky, Oleg; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Balanovska, Elena; Gubina, Marina; Zhadanov, Sergey (2004).
1504:
2565:
Pankratov, Vasili; Montinaro, Francesco; Kushniarevich, Alena; Hudjashov, Georgi; Jay, Flora; Saag, Lauri; Flores, Rodrigo; Marnetto, Davide; Seppel, Marten; Kals, Mart; Võsa, Urmo; Taccioli, Cristian; Möls, Märt; Milani, Lili; Aasa, Anto (2020).
1024:
and Bronze Age. Appearance of N1c is linked to the arrival of Uralic-speakers. It originated in East
Eurasia and is commonly carried by modern Uralic-speaking groups but also other North Eurasians, including Estonians' Baltic-speaking neighbors
536:
There are approximately 1 million ethnic
Estonians worldwide, with the vast majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
1749:
Francesco; Remm, Maido; Mägi, Reedik; D’Atanasio, Eugenia; Crema, Enrico
Ryunosuke; Díez-del-Molino, David; Thomas, Mark G.; Kriiska, Aivar; Kivisild, Toomas; Villems, Richard; Lang, Valter; Metspalu, Mait; Tambets, Kristiina (May 2019).
983:
One of the largest permanent
Estonian communities outside Estonia is in Canada, with about 24,000 people (according to some sources up to 50,000 people). In the late 1940s and early 1950s, about 17,000 arrived in Canada, initially in
970:
Recognising the problems arising from low birth rate and emigration, the
Estonian government has launched various measures to increase the birth rate and to lure migrant Estonians back to Estonia. For example, a campaign
1508:
1080:, who are isolated from most European populations. Northeastern Estonians are particularly close to Finns, while Southeastern Estonians are close to the Balts; other Estonians plot between these two extremes.
1365:
554:
had melted. Living in the same area for more than 5,000 years would put
Estonians' ancestors among Europe's oldest permanent inhabitants. On the other hand, some recent linguistic estimations suggest that
2421:
Krūmiņa, Astrīda; Pliss, Liāna; Zariņa, Gunita; Puzuka, Agrita; Zariņa, Agnese; Lāce, Baiba; Elferts, Didzis; Khrunin, Andrey; Limborska, Svetlana; Kloviņš, Jānis; Gailīte Piekuse, Linda (1 June 2018).
1197:
does not record ethnicity and instead categorizes the population by their native language; in 2017, Estonian was spoken as a mother tongue by 49,590 people, not all of whom may be ethnic Estonians.
1020:(15%). R1a, common in Eastern Europe, was the dominant Y-DNA haplogroup among the pre-Uralic inhabitants of Estonia, as it is the only one found in the local samples from the time of the
1866:
857:(1920) recognised Estonia's 1918 independence from Russia, ethnic Estonians residing in Russia gained the option of opting for Estonian citizenship (those who opted were called
3726:
1033:. Compared to the Balts, Estonians have been noticed to have differences in allelic variances of N1c haplotypes, showing more similarity with other Finno-Ugric-speakers.
1369:
1570:
3956:
1606:
2142:
1441:
4563:
917:
3016:
1811:
3582:
1470:
1420:
3850:
992:
is currently the city with the largest population of Estonians outside of Estonia. The first Estonian World Festival was held in Toronto in 1972.
683:
656:, the first known book in Estonian, was printed in 1525, while the oldest known examples of written Estonian originate in 13th-century chronicles.
854:
3719:
3704:
2631:
2267:
2130:
1733:
1679:
4184:
4044:
3961:
2914:
1314:
4106:
861:– 'optants') and returning to their fatherland. An estimated 40,000 Estonians lived in Russia in 1920. In sum, 37,578 people moved from
3978:
2024:
886:
4005:
3993:
1037:
408:
4364:
2005:
1649:
975:("Bringing talents home!") has aimed to coordinate and promote the return of Estonians who have particular skills needed in Estonia.
823:. By the end of 1860 the Estonians became unwilling to reconcile with German cultural and political hegemony. Before the attempts at
5002:
4556:
4516:
4475:
4331:
3863:
3712:
2950:
1937:
1905:
1628:
1005:
3901:
4039:
4022:
3009:
2042:
1522:
783:
4424:
3988:
3631:
3575:
3549:
1809:('Landvolk'), die alte Selbstbezeichnung der Esten, eine Lehnübersetzung? Eine Studie zur Begriffsgeschichte des Ostseeraums".
1448:
600:, literally meaning "land people" or "country folk". It was used until the mid-19th century, when it was gradually replaced by
1963:
Piirimäe, Helmut. Historical heritage: the relations between Estonia and her Nordic neighbors. In M. Lauristin et al. (eds.),
1336:
3884:
3797:
3782:
3504:
2777:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
873:
During the period of Tsarist rule of Estonia (1710-1917), over 100,000 Estonians migrated to the neighbouring areas of the
4465:
4394:
4270:
3539:
796:
668:
Public education systems founded during prior Swedish rule turned Estonia and Finland into the two most literate areas of
4549:
4147:
4029:
3966:
3879:
3843:
2283:"The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic "Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes"
2848:"A Genome-Wide Analysis of Populations from European Russia Reveals a New Pole of Genetic Diversity in Northern Europe"
948:. Some of these refugees and their descendants returned to Estonia after the nation regained its independence in 1991.
652:
4460:
4294:
4091:
3951:
3002:
2150:
1544:
1310:
1160:
763:
605:
2202:
4470:
4096:
4081:
4076:
3931:
3568:
1170:
847:
788:
2977:
4194:
4101:
4071:
3971:
2228:
1977:
35:
4997:
4785:
4209:
4086:
3313:
1523:"Persons usually resident and present in the State on Census Night, classified by place of birth and age group"
688:
2044:Оптационная кампания и эвакуация граждан прибалтийских государств на историческую родину в начале 1920–х годов
1095:-related admixture than Western and Central Europeans. The same pattern is found also in the Balts, Finns and
2507:"Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks"
1621:
Measuring Police Integrity Across the World: Studies from Established Democracies and Countries in Transition
4384:
4369:
4311:
4179:
4157:
4137:
4000:
3836:
3742:
3529:
1135:
514:
404:
2479:
1597:
Population at the first day of the quarter by country of origin, region and time. Retrieved on 23 May 2024.
4973:
4399:
4245:
4235:
4162:
3946:
3941:
3306:
3300:
3277:
3194:
2424:"Population Genetics of Latvians in the Context of Admixture between North-Eastern European Ethnic Groups"
1965:
Return to the Western world: Cultural and political perspectives on the Estonian post-communist transition
1088:
1084:
1060:
792:
2172:
1867:""Terre, armas eesti rahwas!": Kuidas maarahvast ja maakeelest sai eesti rahvas, eestlased ja eesti keel"
5007:
4581:
4485:
4440:
4336:
4152:
3817:
3614:
673:
580:
556:
464:
766:, some degree of ethnic awareness preceded this development. By the 18th century the self-denomination
3641:
2649:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations"
2464:
Human genetic variation in the Baltic Sea region: features of population history and natural selection
2361:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations"
1706:"Kantauralin ajoitus ja paikannus: perustelut puntarissa. – Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja"
1487:
4716:
4414:
4316:
4280:
4255:
4189:
4142:
4054:
3693:
3626:
3606:
3509:
3088:
2859:
2788:
2720:
1150:
1076:
Autosomally Estonians are close with Latvians and Lithuanians. However, they are shifted towards the
1049:
1045:
1041:
4419:
4409:
4341:
4265:
4132:
4120:
3812:
3656:
3621:
3534:
3385:
3326:
3189:
3093:
3025:
2982:
1416:
1284:
1145:
1107:
1021:
510:
388:
278:
2988:
2568:"Differences in local population history at the finest level: the case of the Estonian population"
4509:
4490:
4450:
4356:
4275:
4223:
4066:
4034:
4015:
3936:
3871:
3677:
3672:
3544:
3524:
3519:
3499:
3295:
3285:
3250:
3235:
3204:
3153:
3148:
1847:
1233:
1194:
1155:
1140:
1935:
Raun, Toivo U (2003). "Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Estonian nationalism revisited".
1751:"The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East"
1068:
749:
2428:
Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences
1588:
4929:
4404:
4379:
4326:
4250:
3415:
3337:
3331:
3271:
3129:
3103:
3083:
3062:
2926:
2895:
2877:
2824:
2806:
2756:
2738:
2688:
2670:
2627:
2605:
2587:
2544:
2526:
2445:
2400:
2382:
2312:
2263:
2126:
1878:
1780:
1729:
1675:
1624:
1491:
1391:
1306:
1175:
1009:
882:
816:
711:
700:
498:
494:
471:
456:
366:
762:
Although Estonian national consciousness spread in the course of the 19th century during the
4968:
4746:
4731:
4573:
4525:
4480:
4445:
4389:
4346:
4306:
3926:
3896:
3514:
3433:
3390:
3375:
3356:
3350:
3345:
3290:
3255:
3240:
3230:
3199:
3168:
3119:
3098:
3047:
3042:
3033:
2959:
2885:
2867:
2814:
2796:
2746:
2728:
2678:
2660:
2595:
2579:
2534:
2518:
2435:
2390:
2372:
2302:
2294:
2021:
1946:
1914:
1839:
1770:
1762:
1307:"Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
878:
835:
779:
619:
560:
502:
490:
486:
371:
2948:
Petersoo, Pille (January 2007). "Reconsidering otherness: constructing Estonian identity".
2423:
2330:
2097:
2072:
1280:
920:
in 1944, large numbers of Estonians fled their homeland on ships or smaller boats over the
529:), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid
4947:
4455:
4374:
4240:
4174:
3891:
3792:
3478:
3465:
3459:
3400:
3163:
3158:
3134:
2028:
2009:
2002:
1229:
1165:
1092:
828:
639:
551:
4708:
1442:"2054.0 Australian Census Analytic Program: Australians' Ancestries (2001 (Corrigendum))"
568:
2863:
2792:
2724:
2480:"Distribution of European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups by region in percentage"
951:
Over the years of independence, many Estonians have chosen to work abroad, primarily in
4721:
4694:
4651:
4530:
4260:
4169:
4010:
3983:
3916:
3911:
3787:
3454:
3446:
3439:
3380:
3321:
3124:
3052:
2890:
2847:
2819:
2776:
2751:
2708:
2683:
2648:
2600:
2539:
2395:
2360:
2307:
2282:
1918:
1775:
1750:
1340:
1119:
1013:
937:
874:
838:
stemming from important cultural and religious influences gained over centuries during
820:
812:
804:
800:
753:
725:
669:
522:
506:
482:
170:
2055:
1530:
1258:
4991:
4952:
4937:
4624:
3906:
3807:
3483:
3473:
3140:
2963:
1851:
1690:
Petri Kallio 2006: Suomalais-ugrilaisen kantakielen absoluuttisesta kronologiasta. —
1123:
1017:
941:
862:
824:
729:
572:
375:
116:
4909:
4541:
2567:
1471:"Pressemitteilungen – Ausländische Bevölkerung – Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)"
509:. These languages are markedly different from most other native languages spoken in
4942:
4891:
4849:
4634:
4619:
3921:
3173:
3067:
1654:
913:
721:
664:
564:
530:
467:
423:
4736:
4726:
2872:
2801:
2733:
1843:
1672:
881:. According to the 1897 census, 6,852 native Estonian-speakers also lived in the
799:(1803–1882), appeared in the 1820s. The ruling elites had remained predominantly
4914:
4774:
4766:
4756:
4751:
4629:
3802:
3245:
3057:
1030:
839:
550:
Estonia was first inhabited about 10,000 years ago, soon after the ice from the
400:
393:
350:
1830:
Beyer, Jürgen (April 2011). "Are Folklorists Studying the Tales of the Folk?".
846:
rule and settlement. According to a poll done in 2013, about half of the young
4901:
4878:
4854:
4431:
3405:
2665:
2583:
2377:
1766:
1571:"Usually resident population by ethnicity at the beginning of the year – 2018"
921:
559:
speakers arrived around the Baltic Sea considerably later, perhaps during the
2930:
2881:
2810:
2742:
2674:
2591:
2530:
2506:
2449:
2440:
2386:
1882:
4919:
4866:
4829:
4821:
4659:
4646:
4641:
4590:
4199:
3395:
1950:
1111:
945:
894:
808:
635:
428:
206:
2899:
2828:
2760:
2692:
2609:
2548:
2404:
2316:
1784:
1548:
563:(ca. 1800 BCE). It has also been argued that Western Uralic tribes reached
2978:
Office of the Minister for Population and Ethnic Affairs: Estonians abroad
2206:
4957:
4841:
4795:
4676:
4665:
4607:
3767:
3410:
2522:
1705:
1673:
Unrepresented Nations and peoples organization By Mary Kate Simmons; p141
1115:
1096:
1026:
985:
745:
676:
576:
436:
4861:
4813:
4805:
4670:
3859:
3746:
3737:
3591:
1217:
1100:
989:
964:
956:
952:
929:
906:
898:
843:
627:
623:
612:, the modern endonym of Estonia, is thought to have similar origins to
591:
518:
475:
440:
332:
296:
260:
224:
98:
74:
2232:
803:
in language and culture since the conquest of the early 13th century.
4962:
4886:
4800:
4741:
2994:
1505:"The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue"
960:
933:
925:
902:
890:
737:
314:
242:
188:
152:
134:
3560:
2467:
1488:"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2016"
3828:
2298:
4614:
4602:
3762:
3220:
1077:
1067:
1059:
733:
682:
663:
614:
584:
526:
485:
by the vast majority of Estonians; it is closely related to other
432:
2143:"The CIA World Factbook Country Comparison of net migration rate"
622:
for the neighbouring people living northeast of the mouth of the
4686:
1607:
Official CBS website containing all Dutch demographic statistics
741:
4545:
3832:
3708:
3564:
2998:
517:. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to
40:
Countries with significant Estonian population and descendants.
2180:
909:, of which over 4,360 lived in territories of today's Poland.
1650:"Is Estonia really the least religious country in the world?"
1507:. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. 2001. Archived from
2709:"Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East"
1360:
1358:
1040:, nearly half (45.8%) of the Estonians have the haplogroup
1110:) segments with other studied Balto-Finnic groups (Finns,
2466:. PhD thesis. Helsinki University Print, Helsinki. 2009.
1619:
Ivković, Sanja Kutnjak; Haberfeld, M.R. (10 June 2015).
2989:
Our New Home Meie Uus Kodu: Estonian-Australian Stories
583:, who would later become such groups as Estonians and
924:. Many refugees who survived the risky sea voyage to
501:. The Finnic languages are a subgroup of the larger
4928:
4900:
4877:
4840:
4765:
4707:
4580:
4355:
4293:
4222:
4119:
4053:
3870:
3686:
3665:
3649:
3599:
3492:
3426:
3368:
3264:
3213:
3182:
3112:
3076:
3032:
2173:"Toome talendid Eestimaale tagasi – Talendid Koju!"
1903:Gellner, Ernest (1996). "Do nations have navels?".
416:
381:
359:
341:
323:
305:
287:
269:
251:
233:
215:
197:
179:
161:
143:
125:
107:
89:
60:
45:
1048:, and the majority of them belong to its subclade
2624:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria
2260:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria
1728:, pp. 335–336. Finnish Literature Society, 2020.
1726:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria
1044:. About one in four (24.3%) carry the haplogroup
575:later in the Bronze Age or the transition to the
1978:"How Nordic is Estonia?: An overview since 1991"
1099:, for example. Uralic peoples typically carry a
2626:, pp. 93–95. Finnish Literature Society, 2020.
2262:, pp. 93–95. Finnish Literature Society, 2020.
579:at the latest. This lead into the formation of
773:
767:
595:
4557:
3844:
3720:
3576:
3010:
1801:Ariste, Paul (1956). "Maakeel ja eesti keel.
819:and, to some extent, toward the neighbouring
8:
772:spread among Estonians along with the older
24:
1930:
1928:
1072:Regional population structure of Estonians.
720:Selection of 19th century Estonian festive
567:first, leading into the development of the
4564:
4550:
4542:
4299:
4228:
4125:
4059:
3851:
3837:
3829:
3727:
3713:
3705:
3583:
3569:
3561:
3017:
3003:
2995:
513:, most of which have been assigned to the
34:
23:
2889:
2871:
2818:
2800:
2750:
2732:
2682:
2664:
2599:
2538:
2439:
2394:
2376:
2306:
1812:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
1796:
1794:
1774:
1281:"Up to 100 000 Estonians work in Finland"
2915:"Mistä suomalaisten perimä on peräisin?"
1803:Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised
1210:
1187:
630:in 98 CE was the first to mention the "
481:The Estonian language is spoken as the
2287:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1967:. Tartu: Tartu University Press, 1997.
1317:from the original on 17 September 2022
1106:Estonians have a high sharing of IBD (
1064:A PCA of several European populations.
877:, especially to the then capital city
848:Estonians considered themselves Nordic
2840:
2838:
2641:
2639:
2560:
2558:
2416:
2414:
2353:
2351:
2254:
2252:
2250:
1805:5: 117–24; Beyer, Jürgen (2007). Ist
1743:
1741:
1720:
1718:
817:successful model of national movement
724:(by region, from top, left to right:
83:Other significant population centers:
16:Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia
7:
1648:Ringvee, Ringo (16 September 2011).
1253:
1251:
61:Regions with significant populations
1609:. Cbs.nl. Retrieved on 4 July 2017.
687:Estonian farmers playing cards (by
392:Historically Protestant Christian (
2572:European Journal of Human Genetics
2511:European Journal of Human Genetics
2229:"The Estonian Presence in Toronto"
1919:10.1111/j.1469-8219.1996.tb00003.x
1545:"Estemb in Belgium and Luxembourg"
1261:. Statistics Finland. 4 April 2018
1230:"Population by ethnic nationality"
834:Estonians have strong ties to the
14:
2468:http://hdl.handle.net/10138/22129
1527:Central Statistics Office Ireland
515:Indo-European family of languages
3736:
3640:
2964:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2007.00276.x
2022:Estonian foreign ministry report
2003:Estonian foreign ministry report
1421:Federal State Statistics Service
710:
699:
533:in Estonia in the 20th century.
343:
325:
307:
289:
271:
253:
235:
217:
199:
181:
163:
145:
127:
109:
91:
67:
3225:
1449:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1417:"Национальный состав населения"
505:, which also includes e.g. the
887:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
604:"Estonian people" during the
1:
1694:2006. (With English summary).
807:(1769–1850), a Baltic-German
797:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
52:
2873:10.1371/journal.pone.0058552
2802:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
2734:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472
2203:"Estonian Embassy in Ottawa"
2054:(in Russian). Archived from
1844:10.1080/0015587X.2011.537132
1122:people, as well as with the
827:in the 1880s, their view of
4045:Restoration of independence
3962:Declaration of Independence
1311:United States Census Bureau
1161:Estonian national awakening
764:Estonian national awakening
606:Estonian national awakening
409:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox
5024:
4040:Declaration of sovereignty
1366:"Canada-Estonia Relations"
1171:List of Estonian Americans
1087:-like admixture, and less
932:later moved from there to
918:invaded by the Soviet Army
789:Friedrich Robert Faehlmann
503:Uralic family of languages
4503:
4302:
4231:
4128:
4062:
3778:
3753:
3638:
2983:From Estonia to Thirlmere
2666:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1
2584:10.1038/s41431-020-0699-4
2378:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1
1767:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026
1704:Häkkinen, Jaakko (2009).
1623:. Springer. p. 131.
1176:List of notable Estonians
821:Latvian national movement
421:
386:
364:
65:
50:
33:
5003:Ethnic groups in Estonia
4133:Administrative divisions
2441:10.2478/prolas-2018-0025
2073:"Привислинские губернии"
2043:
1008:among Estonians include
1006:Y-chromosome haplogroups
865:to Estonia (1920–1923).
784:translation of the Bible
638:, the land south of the
474:. Their nation state is
2951:Nations and Nationalism
2913:Salmela, Elina (2023).
1951:10.1111/1469-8219.00078
1938:Nations and Nationalism
1906:Nations and Nationalism
1494:. Accessed 01 May 2016.
1136:Demographics of Estonia
653:Wanradt–Koell Catechism
618:, the name used by the
1865:Paatsi, Vello (2012).
1593:www.statistikbanken.dk
1073:
1065:
955:, but also in the UK,
793:Kristjan Jaak Peterson
774:
768:
692:
680:
660:National consciousness
626:. The Roman historian
596:
460:
3989:Occupation of Estonia
2008:25 March 2009 at the
1761:(10): 1701–1711.e16.
1636:ex-Communist society.
1071:
1063:
686:
667:
581:Baltic Finnic peoples
571:, and arrived in the
417:Related ethnic groups
2523:10.1038/ejhg.2017.18
2462:Lappalainen, Tuuli:
2125:, Booklocker, 2015,
2027:7 March 2008 at the
1151:Estonian Australians
1083:Estonians have high
594:of the Estonians is
4030:Government-in-exile
3967:War of Independence
3493:Comprehensive group
3369:Southwestern Europe
3265:Southeastern Europe
2991:(online exhibition)
2985:(online exhibition)
2864:2013PLoSO...858552K
2793:2015PLoSO..1035820K
2725:2009PLoSO...4.5472N
2183:on 20 December 2017
2153:on 26 December 2018
2061:on 10 October 2006.
1551:on 21 February 2015
1511:on 5 December 2008.
1372:on 20 November 2013
1343:on 17 February 2015
1337:"Eestlased Rootsis"
1285:Baltic News Network
1146:Estonian Argentines
1108:identity-by-descent
1022:Corded Ware culture
979:Estonians in Canada
916:, when Estonia was
831:remained positive.
30:
4271:Telecommunications
4035:Singing Revolution
4016:Estonian partisans
3937:Great Northern War
3026:European diasporas
2123:By Land and By Sea
1984:. 28 December 2021
1287:. 27 December 2010
1234:Statistics Estonia
1195:Statistics Finland
1156:Estonian Canadians
1141:Estonian Americans
1091:-related and more
1074:
1066:
693:
681:
4985:
4984:
4786:Northwestern Mari
4572:Peoples speaking
4539:
4538:
4499:
4498:
4327:Estonian language
4289:
4288:
4218:
4217:
4185:Political parties
4148:Foreign relations
4115:
4114:
3957:German occupation
3907:German Bishoprics
3826:
3825:
3702:
3701:
3558:
3557:
2925:(16): 1247–1255.
2632:978-951-858-130-0
2578:(11): 1580–1591.
2268:978-951-858-130-0
2131:978-0-9867510-0-4
1734:978-951-858-130-0
1680:978-90-411-0223-2
1589:"Statistikbanken"
1533:on 6 August 2011.
1492:Statistics Norway
1038:maternal lineages
889:, in what is now
883:Russian Partition
634:" in writing. In
590:The oldest known
546:Prehistoric roots
472:Estonian language
446:
445:
5015:
4977:
4574:Uralic languages
4566:
4559:
4552:
4543:
4519:
4512:
4300:
4229:
4205:
4126:
4092:Populated places
4060:
3952:Age of Awakening
3897:Livonian Crusade
3853:
3846:
3839:
3830:
3741:
3740:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3706:
3644:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3468:
3449:
3442:
3359:
3357:Meskhetian Turks
3340:
3316:
3314:Turkish Cypriots
3309:
3280:
3143:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2967:
2935:
2934:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2875:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2804:
2775:Francesc (ed.).
2771:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2736:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2668:
2643:
2634:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2476:
2470:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2380:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2331:"Haplogroup R1a"
2327:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2277:
2271:
2256:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:on 12 March 2012
2231:. Archived from
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2205:. Archived from
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2179:. Archived from
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2139:
2133:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2102:Demoscope Weekly
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2077:Demoscope Weekly
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2052:library.krasu.ru
2049:
2038:
2032:
2019:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1745:
1736:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1547:. Archived from
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:. Archived from
1519:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1392:"United Kingdom"
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1368:. Archived from
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1339:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1198:
1192:
1036:When looking at
879:Saint Petersburg
836:Nordic countries
795:(1801–1822) and
780:Anton thor Helle
777:
771:
714:
703:
620:Germanic peoples
599:
561:Early Bronze Age
487:Finnic languages
412:
405:Eastern Orthodox
349:
347:
346:
331:
329:
328:
313:
311:
310:
295:
293:
292:
277:
275:
274:
259:
257:
256:
241:
239:
238:
223:
221:
220:
205:
203:
202:
187:
185:
184:
169:
167:
166:
151:
149:
148:
133:
131:
130:
115:
113:
112:
97:
95:
94:
84:
80:
73:
71:
70:
54:
46:Total population
38:
31:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5012:
4998:Estonian people
4988:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4971:
4924:
4896:
4873:
4836:
4761:
4703:
4576:
4570:
4540:
4535:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4495:
4471:Public holidays
4351:
4285:
4214:
4203:
4175:Law enforcement
4111:
4097:Protected areas
4049:
3979:Interwar period
3972:Battle of Võnnu
3947:Russian Livonia
3942:Russian Estonia
3932:Swedish Estonia
3892:Ancient Estonia
3866:
3857:
3827:
3822:
3774:
3749:
3735:
3733:
3703:
3698:
3682:
3661:
3645:
3636:
3595:
3589:
3559:
3554:
3488:
3464:
3445:
3438:
3422:
3364:
3355:
3336:
3312:
3305:
3276:
3260:
3214:Northern Europe
3209:
3178:
3139:
3108:
3072:
3028:
3023:
2974:
2947:
2944:
2942:Further reading
2939:
2938:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2787:(9): e0135820.
2773:
2772:
2768:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2461:
2457:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2257:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2177:talendidkoju.ee
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2029:Wayback Machine
2020:
2016:
2010:Wayback Machine
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1873:(in Estonian).
1864:
1863:
1859:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1755:Current Biology
1747:
1746:
1739:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1671:
1667:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1486:
1482:
1475:www.destatis.de
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1166:Gauja Estonians
1132:
1093:hunter-gatherer
1058:
1003:
998:
981:
871:
855:Treaty of Tartu
829:Imperial Russia
760:
759:
758:
757:
717:
716:
715:
706:
705:
704:
662:
646:and the people
640:Gulf of Finland
552:Baltic Ice Lake
548:
543:
453:Estonian people
426:
398:
397:
391:
369:
344:
342:
326:
324:
308:
306:
290:
288:
272:
270:
254:
252:
236:
234:
218:
216:
200:
198:
182:
180:
164:
162:
146:
144:
128:
126:
110:
108:
92:
90:
85:
82:
78:
68:
66:
41:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5021:
5019:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4966:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4846:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4695:Volkhov Chudes
4683:
4682:
4681:
4668:
4663:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4652:Tver Karelians
4644:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4595:
4586:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4429:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4395:Estonian names
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:Stock exchange
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4195:Prime Minister
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4072:Extreme points
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4011:Ants Kaljurand
4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3984:Era of Silence
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3927:Polish Livonia
3924:
3919:
3917:Baltic Germans
3914:
3912:Livonian Order
3909:
3904:
3902:Danish Estonia
3899:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:Coastal Swedes
3790:
3788:Baltic Germans
3785:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3632:United Kingdom
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3430:
3428:
3427:Western Europe
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3307:Greek Cypriots
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Crimean Tatars
3192:
3186:
3184:
3183:Eastern Europe
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3113:Central Europe
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2973:
2972:External links
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:(1): 117–133.
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2905:
2834:
2766:
2698:
2653:Genome Biology
2635:
2622:Lang, Valter:
2615:
2554:
2517:(5): 637–645.
2496:
2471:
2455:
2434:(3): 131–151.
2410:
2365:Genome Biology
2347:
2322:
2299:10.1086/383203
2293:(4): 661–682.
2272:
2258:Lang, Valter:
2246:
2220:
2209:on 5 July 2015
2194:
2164:
2134:
2114:
2098:"Средняя Азия"
2089:
2064:
2033:
2014:
1995:
1969:
1956:
1945:(1): 129–147.
1924:
1895:
1857:
1822:
1790:
1737:
1724:Lang, Valter:
1714:
1696:
1683:
1665:
1640:
1629:
1611:
1599:
1580:
1562:
1536:
1514:
1496:
1480:
1462:
1433:
1408:
1383:
1354:
1328:
1298:
1272:
1247:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1057:
1054:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
980:
977:
973:Talendid koju!
938:United Kingdom
885:of the former
875:Russian Empire
870:
867:
805:Garlieb Merkel
719:
718:
709:
708:
707:
698:
697:
696:
695:
694:
689:Oskar Hoffmann
670:Russian Empire
661:
658:
547:
544:
542:
539:
507:Sami languages
483:first language
470:who speak the
444:
443:
419:
418:
414:
413:
384:
383:
379:
378:
362:
361:
357:
356:
353:
339:
338:
335:
321:
320:
317:
303:
302:
299:
285:
284:
281:
267:
266:
263:
249:
248:
245:
231:
230:
227:
213:
212:
209:
195:
194:
191:
177:
176:
173:
171:United Kingdom
159:
158:
155:
141:
140:
137:
123:
122:
119:
105:
104:
103:49,590–100,000
101:
87:
86:
81:
63:
62:
58:
57:
48:
47:
43:
42:
39:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5020:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Southern Sámi
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:Northern Sámi
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Ingrian Finns
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4567:
4562:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Ethnic groups
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4210:Supreme Court
4208:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4006:Guerrilla war
4004:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:Ethnic groups
3739:
3730:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3678:United States
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:North America
3664:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:South America
3648:
3643:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3484:Luxembourgers
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3141:Volksdeutsche
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:(3): e58552.
2857:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:Past, Evald,
2118:
2115:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1913:(3): 365–70.
1912:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:. p. 92.
1707:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:9781493922796
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1062:
1056:Autosomal DNA
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
987:
978:
976:
974:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
942:United States
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
866:
864:
863:Soviet Russia
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
825:Russification
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:(1798–1850),
790:
785:
781:
776:
770:
765:
755:
754:Pärnu-Jaagupi
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:folk costumes
713:
702:
690:
685:
678:
675:
671:
666:
659:
657:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
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4828:
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4790:Eastern Mari
4693:
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4635:Tornedalians
4620:Forest Finns
4597:
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4582:Baltic Finns
4432:
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4385:Coat of arms
4370:Architecture
4321:
4312:Demographics
4241:Central bank
4204:(parliament)
4200:
4158:Human rights
4138:Constitution
4023:Deportations
4001:World War II
3994:Estonian SSR
3922:Livonian War
3885:list of wars
3757:
3089:Azerbaijanis
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2041:Лоткин И.В.
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1986:. Retrieved
1982:nordics.info
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1259:"Population"
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905:and western
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840:Scandinavian
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602:Eesti rahvas
601:
589:
569:Sámi peoples
565:Fennoscandia
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531:urbanisation
480:
468:ethnic group
452:
448:
447:
424:Baltic Finns
51:
27:
21:Ethnic group
18:
4972: [
4779:Meadow Mari
4767:Volga Finns
4722:Kildin Sámi
4246:e-Residency
4236:Agriculture
3803:Poluverniki
3530:New Zealand
3327:Macedonians
3246:Lithuanians
3190:Belarusians
3094:Circassians
3036:and Ireland
1426:30 December
1236:. June 2020
1031:Lithuanians
1001:Haplogroups
674:1897 census
642:was called
557:Finno-Ugric
427:Especially
394:Lutheranism
389:irreligious
351:Netherlands
55:1.1 million
4992:Categories
4902:Hungarians
4879:Ob-Ugrians
4855:Izhma Komi
4742:Skolt Sámi
4717:Inari Sámi
4486:Television
4466:Newspapers
4433:Kalevipoeg
4420:Literature
4337:Healthcare
4153:Government
3818:Ukrainians
3386:Portuguese
3296:Bulgarians
3286:Aromanians
3251:Norwegians
3236:Icelanders
3205:Ukrainians
3154:Kashubians
3149:Hungarians
2659:(1): 139.
2489:13 October
2371:(1): 139.
2340:12 October
2187:8 November
2157:8 November
1988:12 October
1888:21 January
1819:: 566–593.
1575:csb.gov.lv
1396:Ethnologue
1205:References
1118:) and the
922:Baltic Sea
869:Emigration
853:After the
787:including
691:, ca 1895)
411:) minority
399:Currently
365:Primarily
4948:Nganasans
4920:Magyarabs
4867:Besermans
4822:Meshchera
4782:Hill Mari
4737:Pite Sámi
4727:Lule Sámi
4660:Livonians
4647:Karelians
4642:Izhorians
4598:Estonians
4591:Bjarmians
4451:Mythology
4415:Languages
4322:Estonians
4317:Education
4281:Transport
4256:Oil shale
4201:Riigikogu
4190:President
4143:Elections
4055:Geography
3783:Armenians
3758:Estonians
3694:Australia
3657:Argentina
3550:Venezuela
3510:Australia
3505:Argentina
3479:Corsicans
3466:Quebecois
3416:Galicians
3406:Canarians
3396:Asturians
3391:Spaniards
3338:Moldovans
3332:Romanians
3272:Albanians
3226:Estonians
3120:Austrians
3104:Georgians
3084:Armenians
2931:0012-7183
2882:1932-6203
2811:1932-6203
2743:1932-6203
2675:1474-760X
2592:1476-5438
2531:1476-5438
2450:1407-009X
2387:1474-760X
2107:9 January
2082:9 January
1883:0235-7771
1871:Akadeemia
1852:144633422
1807:maarahvas
1692:Virittäjä
1291:4 October
1126:people.
1112:Karelians
1012:(35.7%),
946:Australia
895:Lithuania
809:Estophile
775:maarahvas
636:Old Norse
597:maarahvas
461:eestlased
449:Estonians
429:Livonians
387:Majority
360:Languages
207:Australia
28:eestlased
25:Estonians
4958:Kamasins
4930:Samoyeds
4915:Székelys
4842:Permians
4796:Mordvins
4757:Ume Sámi
4752:Ter Sámi
4677:Kreevins
4666:Vepsians
4526:Category
4410:Internet
4405:Folklore
4342:Religion
4266:Taxation
4180:Military
4121:Politics
3880:Timeline
3864:articles
3813:Russians
3615:Abkhazia
3611:Georgia
3594:diaspora
3592:Estonian
3535:Pakistan
3447:Walloons
3440:Flanders
3434:Belgians
3411:Catalans
3376:Italians
3301:Cypriots
3291:Bosnians
3278:Kosovars
3241:Latvians
3200:Russians
3169:Slovenes
3099:Chechens
3077:Caucasus
3063:Scottish
2919:Duodecim
2900:23505534
2852:PLOS ONE
2829:26332464
2781:PLOS ONE
2761:19424496
2713:PLOS ONE
2693:30241495
2610:32712624
2549:28272534
2405:30241495
2317:15024688
2239:17 March
2213:17 March
2025:Archived
2006:Archived
1832:Folklore
1785:31080083
1555:17 March
1376:17 March
1315:Archived
1130:See also
1116:Vepsians
1101:Siberian
1097:Mordvins
1027:Latvians
996:Genetics
986:Montreal
859:optandid
769:eestlane
750:Tõstamaa
677:literacy
672:(map of
644:Eistland
577:Iron Age
519:dialects
499:Livonian
495:Karelian
463:) are a
457:Estonian
401:Lutheran
382:Religion
367:Estonian
77:925,892
4953:Selkups
4910:Csángós
4862:Udmurts
4814:Meryans
4806:Mokshas
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4491:Theatre
4461:Symbols
4390:Cuisine
4357:Culture
4295:Society
4276:Tourism
4224:Economy
4082:Islands
4067:Climate
3872:History
3860:Estonia
3747:Estonia
3687:Oceania
3627:Ukraine
3607:Finland
3545:Tunisia
3525:Morocco
3500:America
3474:Bretons
3401:Basques
3381:Maltese
3164:Slovaks
3135:Germans
3048:English
3043:Cornish
3034:Britain
2891:3591355
2860:Bibcode
2820:4558026
2789:Bibcode
2752:2675054
2721:Bibcode
2684:6151024
2601:7575549
2540:5437898
2484:Eupedia
2396:6151024
2335:Eupedia
2308:1181943
2147:cia.gov
1776:6544527
990:Toronto
965:Germany
957:Benelux
953:Finland
930:Germany
912:During
907:Ukraine
899:Belarus
726:Kadrina
628:Tacitus
624:Vistula
592:endonym
541:History
491:Finnish
489:, e.g.
476:Estonia
441:Votians
333:Denmark
297:Belgium
279:Ireland
261:Ukraine
225:Germany
99:Finland
75:Estonia
4969:Mators
4963:Yurats
4938:Nenets
4887:Khanty
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4801:Erzyas
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4380:Cinema
4365:Anthem
4251:Energy
4102:Rivers
3862:
3673:Canada
3622:Russia
3600:Europe
3520:Canada
3515:Brazil
3460:French
3322:Greeks
3256:Swedes
3130:Croats
3125:Czechs
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1347:7 June
1265:6 June
1240:6 June
1124:Polish
1089:farmer
1085:steppe
963:, and
961:Sweden
940:, the
936:, the
934:Canada
926:Sweden
903:Latvia
891:Poland
844:German
801:German
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730:Mihkli
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240:
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186:
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135:Sweden
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4892:Mansi
4687:Chuds
4671:Votes
4630:Kvens
4615:Finns
4608:Võros
4603:Setos
4517:Index
4481:Sport
4476:Radio
4446:Music
4441:Media
4400:Flags
4347:Women
4307:Crime
4107:Towns
4087:Lakes
4077:Fauna
3768:Võros
3763:Setos
3455:Dutch
3351:Turks
3346:Serbs
3231:Finns
3221:Danes
3174:Swiss
3159:Poles
3068:Welsh
3053:Irish
2059:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1848:S2CID
1709:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1218:Estai
1182:Notes
1078:Finns
815:as a
813:Finns
746:Karja
679:data)
648:eistr
632:Aesti
615:Aesti
610:Eesti
585:Finns
527:Setos
523:Võros
437:Võros
433:Setos
370:also
355:1,482
337:1,658
319:1,676
301:2,000
283:2,560
265:2,868
247:5,092
229:6,286
211:7,543
193:7,778
4850:Komi
4775:Mari
4709:Sámi
4456:Name
4375:Beer
4163:LGBT
3808:Roma
3798:Jews
3540:Peru
3058:Manx
2927:ISSN
2896:PMID
2878:ISSN
2825:PMID
2807:ISSN
2757:PMID
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2241:2015
2215:2015
2189:2011
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1990:2023
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1457:2011
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