113:
were three of the most prominent writers of the time to include estate satire in their works. Gower was aggressive in his approach; Chaucer was more subtle and more successful, making himself to be the fool of the joke and subverting many of the conventions of the genre. Several
Medieval authors used
62:
describes the duty of estate satires: "They set forth the functions and duties of each estate and castigate the failure of the estates in the present world to live up to their divinely assigned social roles."
86:
The Third Estate, the
Commons, was the largest, consisting of around 98% of the population. The commons included everyone who did not belong to the first two estates, primarily rural
55:. Estate satire praised the glories and purity of each class in its ideal form, but was also used as a window to show how society had gotten out of hand. The
152:
66:
The First Estate, the Church, consisted of those who ran the
Catholic church and part of the country. They were the recipients of the
214:
83:
but not including the King. They were never taxed but could collect taxes from the Third Estate, and had other special privileges.
248:
114:
estate satire to express their disgust towards the hypocrisy of the three estates and their supposedly virtuous ways.
52:
94:
or middle class. They had none of the privileges or luxuries that the first two estates enjoyed, although the
186:
144:
95:
24:
20:
227:
58:
43:
of the time. The traditional estates were specific to men (although the clergy also included
110:
106:
48:
253:
218:
40:
242:
80:
98:
in the late 14th century resulted in the bourgeois gaining relatively more power.
102:
47:); women were considered a class in themselves, the best-known example being
91:
36:
87:
76:
32:
28:
228:"THE WICKED AGE: MIDDLE ENGLISH COMPLAINT LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION"
68:
44:
134:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973, p. 123.
39:(those who labored). These estates were the major
209:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
8:
226:George W. Tuma; Dinah Hazell, eds. (2008).
191:The Norton Anthology of English Literature
149:The Norton Anthology of English Literature
19:is a genre of writing from 14th-century
123:
7:
101:Among 14th-century English authors,
72:or the 10% tax given to the Church.
207:Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire
175:Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire
132:Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire
155:from the original on 25 March 2015
14:
1:
151:. W.W. Norton & Company.
35:(those who fought), and the
193:. W.W. Norton & Company
270:
79:or aristocracy, including
75:The Second Estate was the
31:(those who prayed), the
217:. CPSU. Archived from
25:three medieval estates
57:Norton Anthology of
249:Medieval literature
215:"The Three Estates"
213:Schwartz, Debora.
96:rise of capitalism
59:English Literature
21:medieval literary
261:
235:
222:
202:
200:
198:
187:"Estates Satire"
178:
171:
165:
164:
162:
160:
145:"Estates Satire"
141:
135:
128:
111:Geoffrey Chaucer
107:William Langland
49:Geoffrey Chaucer
269:
268:
264:
263:
262:
260:
259:
258:
239:
238:
225:
212:
196:
194:
185:
182:
181:
172:
168:
158:
156:
143:
142:
138:
129:
125:
120:
12:
11:
5:
267:
265:
257:
256:
251:
241:
240:
237:
236:
232:Medieval Forum
223:
221:on 2012-08-20.
210:
203:
180:
179:
166:
136:
122:
121:
119:
116:
90:and the urban
41:social classes
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
266:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
244:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
208:
204:
192:
188:
184:
183:
176:
170:
167:
154:
150:
146:
140:
137:
133:
127:
124:
117:
115:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
73:
71:
70:
64:
61:
60:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
17:Estate satire
231:
219:the original
206:
205:Mann, Jill.
195:. Retrieved
190:
174:
169:
157:. Retrieved
148:
139:
131:
130:Mann, Jill.
126:
100:
85:
74:
67:
65:
56:
53:Wife of Bath
16:
15:
23:works. The
243:Categories
118:References
103:John Gower
92:bourgeois
37:peasantry
27:were the
197:25 March
159:25 March
153:Archived
88:peasants
77:nobility
33:nobility
81:royalty
254:Satire
173:Mann,
109:, and
29:clergy
69:tithe
199:2015
161:2015
45:nuns
51:'s
245::
230:.
189:.
147:.
105:,
234:.
201:.
177:.
163:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.