20:
263:
and his claim of the Meares company land, and Martínez. By the end of the summer Martínez had arrested
Colnett, seized several British ships, and arrested their crews. Martínez and the Spanish departed Nootka Sound in late summer 1789. They returned to San Blas, New Spain, with captured ships,
293:
about colonization and territorial access of the
Pacific Northwest coast of North America. The crisis nearly led to a war. Spain was looking to France for support but when they refused Spain had to back down and opened negotiations. A series of
179:, build a settlement and fort, and to make it clear that Spain was setting up a formal establishment. The Russians were threatening to take the sound, and in May 1788 the British fur trader
228:
The Martínez expedition arrived at Nootka Sound on May 5, 1789. During the summer of 1789 a number of fur trading vessels, British and
American, arrived at Nootka. The US ships, the
299:
552:
248:
were allowed to operate unmolested. Kendrick and Martínez were friendly toward each other and
Kendrick provided some assistance to Martínez during the seizure of the
19:
334:
298:
began which led to Spain's capitulation of the area. Subsequently, Martínez lost favor due to his actions in the incident, and a new
Viceroy was appointed,
522:
547:
319:
474:
527:
455:
428:
370:
303:
241:
122:
114:
401:
255:
A conflict over violating
Spanish sovereignty rights of trade and navigation on the coast arose between the captain of John Meares'
490:
485:
329:
537:
160:
542:
532:
495:
339:
265:
245:
290:
210:
164:
138:
130:
145:
colonization in Alaska was a threat to
Spanish territory claimed there and in the upper Pacific Northwest.
74:
184:
517:
512:
275:
183:
had used Nootka Sound as a base of operations and claimed purchase of land there from the indigenous
199:), led an expedition that arrived at Nootka Sound in early 1789. The force consisted of the warship
271:
201:
393:
387:
451:
445:
424:
397:
366:
295:
230:
94:
58:
307:
286:
176:
172:
236:
222:
142:
118:
196:
82:
39:
506:
282:
260:
62:
168:
154:
134:
42:
24:
418:
360:
306:
diplomatically implemented the Nootka
Conventions in 1792 with British explorer
180:
113:
The
Spanish had explored and claimed the Pacific Northwest region in 1774 under
420:
At the Far
Reaches of Empire: The Life Of Juan Francisco De La Bodega Y Quadra
362:
At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco De La Bodega Y Quadra
125:. In the 1774 Pérez expedition Martínez was second in command of the frigate
98:
46:
324:
50:
447:
Morning of Fire: John Kendrick's Daring American Odyssey in the Pacific
54:
102:
475:
Canadian Military History: Esteban José Martínez's small biography
18:
392:. Spokane, Washington: The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp.
486:"Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra, Esteban José"
423:. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 14, 202.
478:
23:
Esteban José Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra,
57:. He was a key figure in the Spanish exploration of the
32:
Esteban José Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra
270:
and prisoners. In 1790 a new Spanish expedition under
365:. University of British Columbia Press. p. 354.
221:, including houses, a hospital, and the presidio
217:. The expedition built a settlement there named
494:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
300:Juan Vicente de Güemes, Count of Revillagigedo
205:, commanded by Martínez, and the supply ship
81:(a non-commissioned naval rank equivalent to
8:
335:Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest
73:In 1755 or 1756 Martínez joined the marine
553:Spanish history in the Pacific Northwest
479:online Canadian Military History Gateway
281:These events at Nootka Sound led to the
129:. The expedition had the first recorded
351:
320:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
274:reoccupied Nootka Sound, followed by
7:
450:. Harper Collins. pp. 123–127.
389:José Narváez: The Forgotten Explorer
304:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
123:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
523:Spanish explorers of North America
14:
488:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
491:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
213:. He gave Nootka Sound the name
167:, instructed Martínez to occupy
548:18th-century Spanish explorers
16:Spanish navigator and explorer
1:
528:Explorers of British Columbia
215:Puerto de San Lorenzo de Nuca
93:) at the Naval Department of
484:Archer, Christon I. (1979).
264:including the British sloop
133:contact with the indigenous
496:University of Toronto Press
417:Tovell, Freeman M. (2008).
359:Tovell, Freeman M. (2008).
340:History of British Columbia
569:
152:
330:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
77:in Seville, a school for
291:Kingdom of Great Britain
207:San Carlos (el Filipino)
187:. Martínez, then ranked
99:Viceroyalty of New Spain
38:(1742–1798) was a
139:Queen Charlotte Islands
444:Ridley, Scott (2010).
386:McDowell, Jim (1998).
28:
538:People from New Spain
211:Gonzalo López de Haro
185:Nuu-chah-nulth people
165:Manuel Antonio Flórez
153:Further information:
36:José Esteban Martínez
22:
276:Alessandro Malaspina
161:Viceroy of New Spain
117:, and in 1775 under
85:). By 1773 he was a
75:Colegio de San Telmo
543:People from Seville
533:Spanish navigators
296:Nootka Conventions
272:Francisco de Eliza
219:Santa Cruz de Nuca
141:in July 1774. The
29:
457:978-0-06-202019-2
430:978-0-7748-1367-9
372:978-0-7748-1367-9
231:Columbia Rediviva
109:Pacific Northwest
59:Pacific Northwest
560:
499:
462:
461:
441:
435:
434:
414:
408:
407:
383:
377:
376:
356:
308:George Vancouver
287:Kingdom of Spain
257:British Argonaut
193:alférez de navío
177:British Columbia
173:Vancouver Island
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
559:
558:
557:
503:
502:
483:
471:
466:
465:
458:
443:
442:
438:
431:
416:
415:
411:
404:
385:
384:
380:
373:
358:
357:
353:
348:
316:
237:Lady Washington
223:Fort San Miguel
175:in present-day
157:
151:
143:Russian America
119:Bruno de Heceta
111:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
566:
564:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
505:
504:
501:
500:
481:
470:
469:External links
467:
464:
463:
456:
436:
429:
409:
402:
378:
371:
350:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
315:
312:
267:Princess Royal
197:Sub-Lieutenant
189:piloto primero
150:
147:
110:
107:
89:(second class
87:piloto segundo
70:
67:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
565:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
508:
497:
493:
492:
487:
482:
480:
476:
473:
472:
468:
459:
453:
449:
448:
440:
437:
432:
426:
422:
421:
413:
410:
405:
403:0-87062-265-X
399:
395:
391:
390:
382:
379:
374:
368:
364:
363:
355:
352:
345:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
288:
284:
283:Nootka Crisis
279:
277:
273:
269:
268:
262:
261:James Colnett
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:John Kendrick
239:
238:
233:
232:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
156:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
106:
104:
101:(present day
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
66:
64:
63:Nootka Crisis
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:naval officer
41:
37:
33:
27:, circa 1785.
26:
21:
489:
446:
439:
419:
412:
388:
381:
361:
354:
285:between the
280:
266:
256:
254:
249:
235:
229:
227:
218:
214:
206:
200:
192:
188:
169:Nootka Sound
159:In 1789 the
158:
155:Nootka Sound
149:Nootka Sound
135:Haida people
126:
112:
90:
86:
78:
72:
53:, native of
35:
34:, or simply
31:
30:
518:1798 deaths
513:1742 births
477:, from the
246:Robert Gray
202:La Princesa
195:(Ensign or
181:John Meares
25:Marina real
507:Categories
346:References
115:Juan Pérez
47:navigator
325:Maquinna
314:See also
278:in 1791
250:Argonaut
209:, under
131:European
127:Santiago
95:San Blas
69:Training
61:and the
51:explorer
137:of the
97:in the
79:pilotos
55:Seville
40:Spanish
454:
427:
400:
369:
240:under
103:Mexico
91:piloto
83:Master
394:31–41
171:, on
452:ISBN
425:ISBN
398:ISBN
367:ISBN
289:and
244:and
234:and
191:and
121:and
49:and
105:).
509::
396:.
310:.
302:.
259:,
252:.
225:.
163:,
65:.
45:,
498:.
460:.
433:.
406:.
375:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
