206:. She actively travelled to teach about this gardening method, cooking and promoting raised gardens for those with special needs. She also taught about the necessity to maintain excellent water quality. Deans continued gardening until the age of 95. Around this time, Harper Collins publishers held a special honorary event for her in their Ryde offices, as Esther had become Australia's most published author. As Deans grew older, she was assisted by Lucinda Bartram who helped her carry on the tradition of teaching no-dig gardening methods to others. Between the mid 1990s and 2009 Bartram, from Bondi and then Randwick, helped Deans reach the public and maintained the prolific 'no-dig' flowerbeds kept by Deans around her nursing apartment in the northern Sydney suburb of
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41:" community in the soil, necessary for the healthy cycling of nutrients and prevention of problematic organisms and diseases. The plants transfer a portion of the carbon energy they produce to the soil, and microbes that benefit from this energy in turn convert available organic substances in the soil to the mineral components the plants need to thrive.
161:, old straw, etc., is added directly to the soil surface as a mulch at least 5-15 centimeters (2–6 in) deep, which is then incorporated by the actions of worms, insects and microbes. Worms and other soil life also assist in building up the soil's structure, their tunnels providing aeration and
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interactions among soil life. Digging tends to displace nutrients, shifting surface organic material deeper, where there is less oxygen to support the decomposition of plant-available nutrients, which then need to be otherwise replenished. Digging is practised traditionally in regions with old, deep,
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has been practising no dig in his market gardens, on areas ranging from a quarter to seven acres. He has written eleven books on gardening organically and without digging, and gives regular talks and courses on the subject. His methods centre on using compost as a mulch, rather than unrotted organic
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Two pioneers of the method in the twentieth century included F. C. King, Head
Gardener at Levens Hall, South Westmorland, in the Lake District of England, who wrote the book "Is Digging Necessary?" in 1946, and a gardener from Middlecliffe in the UK, A. Guest, who in 1948 published the book
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matter which tends to accumulate slugs in the damp, British climate. He encourages gardeners to be adaptable in their approach, according to local soil, conditions and crops grown. His own speciality is salad leaves for sale to local outlets and the plants grow well in undisturbed soil.
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A no-dig system is considered easier than digging. It is a long term process, and is reliant upon having plentiful organic matter to provide mulch material. It is also helpful to remove any perennial weed roots from the area beforehand, although their hold can be weakened by applying a
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light-excluding surface layer such as large sheets of cardboard or several thicknesses of spread out newspaper before adding the compost mulch. The newspaper or cardboard should be thoroughly wet to help it lie flat and keep it from blowing away until the overlying material is added.
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the soil are to remove weeds, loosen and aerate the soil, and incorporate organic matter such as compost or manure into lower soil layers. In areas with thin soil and high erosion, there is a strong case against digging, which argues that in the long term it can be detrimental to the
165:, and their excretions bind together soil crumbs. This natural biosphere maintains healthy conditions in the upper soil horizons, where annual plant roots thrive. No-dig systems are said by practitioners such as
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to be freer of pests and disease, possibly due to a more balanced soil population being allowed to build up in this undisturbed environment, and by encouraging the buildup of beneficial rather than harmful soil
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of the permaculture movement, although she said "it is not quite how I would do it", implying she did not allow nature to take over, but retained formality with strict garden edges and more annuals.
210:. The women shared many years co-teaching 'no-dig' gardening techniques to school children and freely sharing their knowledge together at garden fairs until 2009.
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wherein a garden area is covered with wetted paper or cardboard, compost and topped off with landscape mulch. This technique is also called lasagna gardening.
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Gardens fashioned on Esther Deans' no dig gardening principles include
Randwick Community Organic Garden (RCOG), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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started his pioneering research work in this domain in 1938, and began publishing in the 1970s his
Fukuokan philosophy of "
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The origins of no-dig gardening are unclear, and may be based on pre-industrial or nineteenth-century farming techniques.
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No-dig methods allow nature to carry out cultivation operations. Organic matter such as well rotted manure, compost,
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in the UK. No-dig gardening was also promoted by
Australian Esther Deans in the 1970s, and American gardener
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weed roots, it also often causes seeds that can remain dormant for many decades to come to the surface and
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372:"Resource: The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming"
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347:"A Brief History of No-Dig Gardening Through the Years"
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Esther Deans inspired many famous gardeners, including
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Esther Deans' Gardening Book: Growing
Without Digging
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advocated a "permanent" garden mulching technique in
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Gardening
Australia: Factsheet: Step-by-Step No Dig
675:Veg Journal, Expert No-Dig Advice, Month by Month
445:"Preston Sullivan, NCAT Agriculture Specialist,
266:: A tool to aerate the soil without overturning
101:While digging is an effective way of removing
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77:and no-dig methods in the 1950s and 1960s.
562:http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/135484
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30:is a non-cultivation method used by some
656:Organic Gardening the Natural No Dig Way
320:"Michael Rothman, Building Fertile Soil"
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591:No-Dig Gardening & Leaves of Life
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396:"Ruth Stouts permanent mulch system"
474:"Gardening: Doing the ground work"
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85:Historically, the reasons for
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198:Esther Deans wrote the books
447:Sustainable Soil Management
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113:. Digging can also damage
67:Good Gardeners Association
673:Dowding, Charles (2014).
654:Dowding, Charles (2013).
569:Gardening without Digging
177:Another no-dig method is
612:Gillbert, Allan (2003).
503:www.nortoncreekpress.com
499:"Gardening Without Work"
324:www.motherearthnews.com
275:Vegan organic gardening
639:. Norton Creek Press.
637:Gardening Without Work
589:Deans, Esther (1994).
576:Deans, Esther (1977).
300:soilhealth.ucdavis.edu
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75:Gardening Without Work
553:Is Digging Necessary?
524:"The No Dig Approach"
296:"Soil Borne Diseases"
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704:No-dig Gardening FAQ
635:Stout, Ruth (2011).
551:King, F. C. (1946).
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132:resting of the soil
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567:Guest, A. (1948).
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684:978-0-7112-3526-7
665:978-0-85784-089-9
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571:. Wigfield.
228:Since 1982
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61:movement.
533:2019-01-15
483:2020-10-27
459:2009-03-10
405:2023-07-30
381:2023-07-30
357:2023-07-30
329:2023-07-30
305:2023-07-30
282:References
259:Aquaponics
136:cover crop
119:compaction
71:Ruth Stout
618:ABC Books
557:New Times
478:NZ Herald
264:Broadfork
194:Australia
155:leaf mold
127:mutualist
123:symbiotic
107:germinate
103:perennial
713:Category
237:See also
189:Practice
163:drainage
92:food web
39:food web
208:Waitara
142:Methods
96:topsoil
87:tilling
81:Purpose
45:History
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528:No Dig
508:26 May
429:26 May
172:fungi
679:ISBN
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