99:
22:
159:
186:. His specimens are frequently referred to in the major works on zoophytes by Johnston (1847) and on molluscs by Forbes and Hanley (1853) and Jeffreys (1869). Rendall (1956) regarded Thomas as particularly important among the early conchologists, particularly for his work in Orkney. He provided details of the location and depth in which specimens were found, and many of his specimens were of rarer species, indicating that he was familiar with the commoner ones.
195:
140:
114:
and later in the
Western Isles. His surveying work resulted in at least 15 charts and several contributions to Sailing Directions. As well as hydrographic surveying, Thomas carried out important work on the archaeology of the northern and western isles. This involved relatively little excavation, but
211:
on Lewis, he met a stone-breaker eating out of a traditional unglazed earthenware pot, and they investigated the making and use of these vessels, known as craggans. He also collected at least one ballad (Thomas, 1855) and recounted traditional stories of clan warfare and revenge (Thomas, 1878,1880).
202:
Thomas was interested in the people of the islands as well as in the archaeological remains. He noted that some of the beehive houses in Lewis and Harris were still in use as dwellings for the summer pastures, whereas elsewhere in
Scotland and Ireland such buildings had been abandoned or were only
239:
in 1860. There he took the earliest photographs ever taken of St Kilda. While on St Kilda, Thomas made the acquaintance of the Rev. Mr. Kennedy, and asked him for information on antiquarian matters. The reply came from his niece, Anne
Kennedy, and provides many details.
561:
British
Conchology, Or an Account of the Mollusca which Now Inhabit the British Isles and the Surrounding Seas: Marine shells and naked mollusca to the end of the gastropoda, the pteropoda, and cephalopoda, with a supplement and other matter, concluding the work.
216:, where they set up home for a while. She was much struck with the poverty of the islanders, exacerbated by their isolation. Frances saw there could be a demand for woollen goods on the mainland, and first promoted knitted stockings, and then together with
857:
1179:
292:
Memoirs of hydrography, including brief biographies of the principal officers who have served in H.M. Naval
Surveying Service between the years 1750 and 1885. Part 2. â 1830-1885
311:"Beckett [nÊe Bousfield; other married name Thomas], Frances Sarah [Fanny] (bap. 1821, d. 1902), philanthropist and a founder of Scottish Home Industries"
110:
was mainly in
Scotland. The earliest work, when he was assisting his father, was in Orkney, and he continued this after his father's death. He was then employed in the
203:
used for storage. He described the living arrangements in these houses, as well as recounting legends associated with them, such as that of the shape-shifting
115:
much surveying and recording. He authored several papers on this work, from 1851, including a plan of the barrows, standing stones and other structures around
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40:
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858:"Account of some of the Celtic Antiquities of Orkney, including the Stones of Stenness, Tumuli, Picts-houses, &c., with Plans"
21:
316:
1174:
1184:
1159:
1129:
208:
60:
87:
913:"Notice of Beehive Houses in Harris and Lewis; with Traditions of the "Each-uisge", or Water-horse, connected"
582:
68:
1029:
213:
47:, photographer, and historian, noted for his surveys of Scotland, and for taking the first photographs of
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123:(Thomas, 1851) which was the first detailed survey of this area; and descriptions of buildings such as
937:
747:
158:
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29:
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on 2 December 1841. They had one child, a son, who died in 1850. Thomas died in
Edinburgh in 1885.
827:
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86:. He was promoted to Commander in 1860, and retired with the rank of Captain in 1864. He married
48:
194:
82:, also under his father's command. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1841, taking command of the
74:
in
January 1827. He passed his examination in 1835. He served as mate and assistant surveyor in
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290:
1099:
954:
396:
Sharples, Niall (2015). "A Short
History of Archaeology in the Uists, Outer Hebrides".
260:
In 2004, a television documentary employing Thomas's 1860 photography was broadcast on
132:
111:
546:
542:
538:
534:
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638:
515:
511:
421:
44:
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107:
723:
An
Introduction to Scottish Ethnology: A Compendium of Scottish Ethnology Volume 1
340:
1005:"Traditions of the Morrisons (Clan Mac Ghillemhuire), Hereditary Judges of Lewis"
681:
655:
325:
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608:
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences
207:
or water horse (Thomas, 1862). In 1863, in the company of fellow antiquarian
171:
1115:(4 ed.). Hydrographic Office of the Admiralty. 1885. pp. 179â247.
902:
885:
1104:(2 ed.). Hydrographic Office of the Admiralty. 1876. pp. 85â186.
405:
183:
147:
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413:
179:
25:
Chart of East Loch Tarbert, Isle of Harris, surveyed by Thomas in 1857
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938:"On the geological age of the pagan monuments of the Outer Hebrides"
248:
Thomas was a member of the Photographic Society of Scotland and the
193:
157:
97:
980:"Analysis of the Ptolemaic Geography of Scotland. With two maps"
1093:. Hydrographic Office of the Admiralty. 1862. pp. 113â120.
1125:
955:"On the primitive dwellings and hypogea of the Outer Hebrides"
369:
Curwen, E Cecil (1938). "The Hebrides: a cultural backwater".
170:
Thomas was also important as a naturalist, mainly collecting
686:
The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions
138:
1112:
North Sea Pilot Part II: North and East Coasts of Scotland
1059:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
1034:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
1009:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
984:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
959:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
917:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
890:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
752:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
626:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. p. 96.
499:A history of the British Zoophytes, in two volumes
320:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
309:
166:) one of the species collected by Thomas in Orkney
1180:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
198:Three St Kilda women, from a photograph by Thomas
1126:Coasts of Scotland on marine charts, 1580s-1900s
595:Rendall, Robert (1956). "Mollusca Orcadensia".
530:A History of British Mollusca, and Their Shells
212:In 1857 his wife Frances travelled with him to
16:Royal Navy officer, photographer, and historian
640:The past in the present. What is civilization?
1109:"Sailing directions for the Firth of Forth".
8:
1101:North Sea Pilot Part I: Shetland and Orkneys
1090:Tide tables for the British and Irish ports
660:. Cambridge University Press. p. 494.
358:. London: Hollis & Carter. p. 240.
102:Beehive house on Harris, from Thomas (1862)
901:
528:Forbes, Edward; Hanley, Sylvanus (1853).
439:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8.
437:Archaeology of Skye and the Western Isles
67:. He joined his father's surveying ship,
657:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
654:Francis James Child (20 November 2014).
20:
942:The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
828:"F W L Thomas TV Documentary Programme"
721:Alexander Fenton, ed. (6 August 2013).
458:
456:
317:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
304:
302:
281:
269:
59:Thomas was born about 1812, his father
1098:"Sailing directions for the Orkneys".
1030:"Traditions of the Macaulays of Lewis"
487:From Forbes and Hanley (1853) Volume 4
7:
1150:19th-century Scottish photographers
1072:"On the duns of the Outer Hebrides"
643:. New York: Harper. pp. 43â46.
779:Photographers of the Western Isles
250:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
14:
289:Dawson, Llewellyn Styles (1885).
1155:People associated with Edinburgh
1145:19th-century Scottish historians
33:Frederick William Leopold Thomas
1087:"The tides among the Orkneys".
781:. John Donald. pp. 19â28.
501:(2 ed.). John van Voorst.
1:
465:Scotland: Mapping the Islands
398:Journal of the North Atlantic
150:, Orkney, from Thomas (1851)
1130:National Library of Scotland
559:Jeffreys, John Gwyn (1869).
341:UK public library membership
295:. Eastbourne: Henry W. Keay.
463:Fleet, Christopher (2016).
146:Plan of the antiquities of
1201:
637:Mitchell, Arthur (1881b).
400:. Special Volume 9: 1â15.
877:10.1017/S026134090000028X
624:St Kilda Past and Present
609:10.1017/s0080455x00000497
497:Johnston, George (1847).
383:10.1017/S0003598X00013892
220:, developed a market for
94:Surveying on sea and land
1046:10.9750/PSAS.014.363.431
1021:10.9750/PSAS.012.503.556
996:10.9750/PSAS.011.198.225
971:10.9750/PSAS.007.153.195
929:10.9750/PSAS.003.127.144
764:10.9750/PSAS.010.702.711
1070:—— (1890).
1053:—— (1882).
1028:—— (1880).
1003:—— (1878).
978:—— (1876).
953:—— (1870).
936:—— (1862).
911:—— (1862).
884:Thomas, F.W.L. (1855).
856:Thomas, F.W.L. (1851).
777:Padget, Martin (2010).
682:"Obituary: Mrs Beckett"
88:Frances Sarah Bousfield
1175:Scottish hydrographers
1055:"On Islay place-names"
903:10.9750/PSAS.001.86.89
748:"Letter from St Kilda"
746:Kennedy, Anne (1875).
467:. Edinbirgh: Birlinn.
354:Ritchie, G.S. (1967).
326:10.1093/ref:odnb/56317
199:
167:
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135:(Thomas, 1862, 1890).
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63:being a Master in the
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406:10.3721/037.002.sp910
224:. Thomas sailed with
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190:People of the Islands
161:
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127:, beehive houses and
108:hydrographic surveyor
101:
24:
1076:Archaeologia Scotica
1185:Royal Navy captains
1160:Royal Navy officers
435:Armit, Ian (1996).
356:The Admiralty Chart
262:Grampian Television
162:Cyprina Islandica (
622:Seton, G. (1878).
200:
168:
144:
104:
27:
886:"Shetland Ballad"
788:978-0-85976-704-0
732:978-1-907909-21-4
667:978-1-108-07632-6
516:Volume 2 â Plates
474:978-1-78027-351-8
446:978-0-7486-7961-4
339:(Subscription or
235:, on a voyage to
164:Arctica islandica
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758:: 702â711.
725:. Birlinn.
331:23 December
80:HMS Mastiff
1139:Categories
1082:: 365â415.
1065:: 241â276.
948:: 235â242.
871:: 88â136.
837:3 November
812:3 November
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343:required.)
276:References
205:Each-uisge
154:Naturalist
65:Royal Navy
41:FSA (Scot)
896:: 86â89.
832:EdinPhoto
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371:Antiquity
232:Porcupine
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172:zoophytes
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583:Volume 5
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575:Volume 3
571:Volume 2
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535:Volume 1
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184:molluscs
148:Stenness
117:Stenness
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727:ISBN
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469:ISBN
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333:2020
178:and
55:Life
1042:doi
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