553:
451:
227:
529:, the multistranded structure of the FtsZ-containing Z-ring is not known. It is only speculated that the structure consists of overlapping protofilaments. Nevertheless, recent work with purified FtsZ on supported lipid bilayers as well as imaging FtsZ in living bacterial cells revealed that FtsZ protofilaments have polarity and move in one direction by
651:, at least two negative regulators of FtsZ assembly form a bipolar gradient, such that the concentration of active FtsZ required for FtsZ assembly is highest at mid-cell between the two segregating chromosomes, and lowest at the poles and over the chromosomes. This type of regulation seems to occur in other species such as
561:
590:
The GTP hydrolyzing activity of the protein is not essential to the formation of filaments or cell division. Mutants defective in GTPase activity often still divide, but sometimes form twisted and disordered septa. It is unclear as to whether FtsZ actually provides the physical force that results in
723:
over the nucleoid region. The mechanism used by SlmA to inhibit FtsZ polymerization over the nucleoid is better understood, and uses two separate steps. One domain of SlmA binds to a FtsZ polymer, then a separate domain of SlmA severs the polymer. A similar mechanism is thought to be used by MinC,
376:
due to the inability of the daughter cells to separate from one another. FtsZ is found in almost all bacteria, many archaea, all chloroplasts and some mitochondria, where it is essential for cell division. FtsZ assembles the cytoskeletal scaffold of the Z ring that, along with additional proteins,
612:
permit initial FtsZ localization to the membrane. Following localization to the membrane, division proteins of the Fts family are recruited for ring assembly. Many of these proteins direct the synthesis of the new division septum at midcell (FtsI, FtsW), or regulate the activity of this synthesis
426:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are eukaryotic organelles that originated as bacterial endosymbionts, so there was much interest in whether they use FtsZ for division. Chloroplast FtsZ was first discovered by
Osteryoung, and it is now known that all chloroplasts use FtsZ for division. Mitochondrial
599:
measurements suggest that single FtsZ filaments cannot sustain a length more than 30 subunits long. In this model, FtsZ scission force comes from the relative lateral movement of subunits. Lines of FtsZ would line up together parallel and pull on each other creating a "cord" of many strings that
603:
In other models, FtsZ does not provide the contractile force but provides the cell a spatial scaffold for other proteins to execute the division of the cell. This is akin to the creating of a temporary structure by construction workers to access hard-to-reach places of a building. The temporary
422:
In 1992-3 three labs independently discovered that FtsZ was related to eukaryotic tubulin, which is the protein subunit that assembles into microtubules. This was the first discovery that bacteria have homologs of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins. Later work showed that FtsZ was present in, and
418:
used immunogold electron microscopy to show that FtsZ localized to the invaginating septum at midcell. Subsequently, the Losick and
Margolin groups used immuno-fluorescence microscopy and GFP fusions to show that FtsZ assembled Z rings early in the cell cycle, well before the septum began to
594:
There are two models for how FtsZ might generate a constriction force. One model is based on the observation that FtsZ protfilaments can be straight or curved. The transition from straight to curved is suggested to generate a bending force on the membrane. Another model is based on sliding
627:, synthesis of the division septum remains the rate limiting step for cytokinesis. The treadmilling action of FtsZ is required for proper synthesis of the division septum by septal peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes, suggesting that these enzymes can track the growing ends of the filaments.
732:
The number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is currently increasing; thus, the determination of drug targets for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is urgently needed. The potential role of FtsZ in the blockage of cell division, together with its high degree of
616:
Recent super-resolution imaging in several species supports a dynamic scaffold model, in which small clusters of FtsZ protofilaments or protofilament bundles move unidirectionally around the ring's circumference by treadmilling, anchored to the membrane by
385:
In the 1960s scientists screened for temperature sensitive mutations that blocked cell division at 42 °C. The mutant cells divided normally at 30°, but failed to divide at 42°. Continued growth without division produced long filamentous cells
490:
the rate of division is affected by mutations in cell wall synthesis. Alternatively, FtsZ may pull the membrane from the inside based on Osawa (2009) showing the protein's contractile force on liposomes with no other proteins present.
604:
structure allows unfettered access and ensures that the workers can reach all places. If the temporary structure is not correctly built, the workers will not be able to reach certain places, and the building will be deficient.
691:. SulA prevents the polymerization and GTPase activity of FtsZ. SulA accomplishes this task by binding to self-recognizing FtsZ sites. By sequestering FtsZ, the cell can directly link DNA damage to inhibiting cell division.
607:
The scaffold theory is supported by information that shows that the formation of the ring and localization to the membrane requires the concerted action of a number of accessory proteins. ZipA or the actin homologue
1288:
Duggin, Iain G.; Aylett, Christopher H. S.; Walsh, James C.; Michie, Katharine A.; Wang, Qing; Turnbull, Lynne; Dawson, Emma M.; Harry, Elizabeth J.; Whitchurch, Cynthia B.; Amos, Linda A.; Löwe, Jan (2014-12-22).
587:, FtsZ forms filaments with a repeating arrangement of subunits, all arranged head-to-tail. These filaments form a ring around the longitudinal midpoint, or septum, of the cell. This ring is called the Z-ring.
737:
across bacterial species, makes FtsZ a highly attractive target for developing novel antibiotics. Researchers have been working on synthetic molecules and natural products as inhibitors of FtsZ.
544:, which are multiprotein complexes that partition chromosomes/plasmids in bacteria. The plasmid homologs of tubulin/FtsZ seem to have conserved the ability to polymerize into filaments.
494:
Erickson (2009) proposed how the roles of tubulin-like proteins and actin-like proteins in cell division became reversed in an evolutionary mystery. The use of the FtsZ ring in dividing
699:
Like SulA, there are other mechanisms that prevent cell division that would result in disrupted genetic information sent to daughter cells. So far, two proteins have been identified in
719:
region, resulting in its asymmetrical partitioning between the daughter cells. The mechanism is not well understood, but thought to involve sequestration of FtsZ, preventing
635:
The formation of the Z-ring closely coincides with cellular processes associated with replication. Z-ring formation coincides with the termination of genome replication in
185:
2622:
427:
FtsZ was discovered by Beech in an alga; FtsZ is used for mitochondrial division in some eukaryotes, while others have replaced it with a dynamin-based machinery.
613:(FtsQ, FtsL, FtsB, FtsN). The timing of Z-ring formation suggests the possibility of a spatial or temporal signal that permits the formation of FtsZ filaments.
410:
but one well-characterized mutant, PAT84, originally discovered by Hirota et al, mapped to a separate, adjacent gene. They named this cell division gene
968:"Colocalization of cell division proteins FtsZ and FtsA to cytoskeletal structures in living Escherichia coli cells by using green fluorescent protein"
1570:
Leaver M, DomĂnguez-Cuevas P, Coxhead JM, Daniel RA, Errington J (February 2009). "Life without a wall or division machine in
Bacillus subtilis".
621:
and other FtsZ-specific membrane tethers. The speed of treadmilling depends on the rate of GTP hydrolysis within the FtsZ protofilaments, but in
2569:
Ostrov N, Fichman G, Adler-Abramovich L, Gazit E (January 2015). "FtsZ Cytoskeletal
Filaments as a Template for Metallic Nanowire Fabrication".
927:"Transcription factor Spo0A switches the localization of the cell division protein FtsZ from a medial to a bipolar pattern in Bacillus subtilis"
839:
Hirota Y, Ryter A, Jacob F (1968-01-01). "Thermosensitive mutants of E. coli affected in the processes of DNA synthesis and cellular division".
75:
3250:
645:. The timing of Z-ring formation suggests the possibility of a spatial or temporal signal that permits the formation of FtsZ filaments. In
2615:
486:
associated with it. Cell wall synthesis may externally push the cell membrane, providing the force for cytokinesis. Supporting this, in
2534:
Ostrov N, Gazit E (April 2010). "Genetic engineering of biomolecular scaffolds for the fabrication of organic and metallic nanowires".
1237:
Beech PL, Nheu T, Schultz T, Herbert S, Lithgow T, Gilson PR, McFadden GI (February 2000). "Mitochondrial FtsZ in a chromophyte alga".
474:) between the dividing cells. FtsZ's role in cell division is analogous to that of actin in eukaryotic cell division, but, unlike the
246:
2434:"Targeting Bacterial Cell Division: A Binding Site-Centered Approach to the Most Promising Inhibitors of the Essential Protein FtsZ"
510:
do not require FtsZ for division, which implies that bacteria may have retained components of an ancestral mode of cell division.
784:"Organization of genes in the ftsA-envA region of the Escherichia coli genetic map and identification of a new fts locus (ftsZ)"
556:
The Z-ring forms from smaller subunits of FtsZ filaments. These filaments may pull on each other and tighten to divide the cell.
3769:
4942:
4038:
3881:
2608:
419:
constrict. Other division proteins then assemble onto the Z ring and constriction occurs in the last part of the cell cycle.
466:, FtsZ is the first protein to move to the division site, and is essential for recruiting other proteins that produce a new
205:
4917:
4471:
2293:"SlmA, a nucleoid-associated, FtsZ binding protein required for blocking septal ring assembly over Chromosomes in E. coli"
1025:
RayChaudhuri D, Park JT (September 1992). "Escherichia coli cell-division gene ftsZ encodes a novel GTP-binding protein".
1076:
de Boer P, Crossley R, Rothfield L (September 1992). "The essential bacterial cell-division protein FtsZ is a GTPase".
4937:
3178:
4649:
95:
4882:
2252:"Coordination of cell division and chromosome segregation by a nucleoid occlusion protein in Bacillus subtilis"
665:
564:
193:
1858:
Buddelmeijer N, Beckwith J (December 2002). "Assembly of cell division proteins at the E. coli cell center".
2066:
Harry EJ (January 2001). "Coordinating DNA replication with cell division: lessons from outgrowing spores".
2485:"A key bacterial cytoskeletal cell division protein FtsZ as a novel therapeutic antibacterial drug target"
659:
576:
1895:"GTPase activity-coupled treadmilling of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ organizes septal cell wall synthesis"
874:
Bi EF, Lutkenhaus J (November 1991). "FtsZ ring structure associated with division in
Escherichia coli".
3301:
2655:
471:
740:
The spontaneous self-assembly of FtsZ can also be used in nanotechnology to fabricate metal nanowires.
189:
3570:
2393:"Examination of the interaction between FtsZ and MinCN in E. coli suggests how MinC disrupts Z rings"
2020:
1963:
1906:
1771:
1623:"The bacterial cell division proteins FtsA and FtsZ self-organize into dynamic cytoskeletal patterns"
1579:
1524:
1418:
1359:
1246:
1195:
1140:
1085:
1034:
979:
883:
88:
100:
4877:
3510:
3330:
2960:
1603:
1270:
1219:
1109:
1058:
907:
734:
671:
339:
536:
Recently, proteins similar to tubulin and FtsZ have been discovered in large plasmids found in
4728:
4431:
3092:
2586:
2551:
2516:
2465:
2414:
2373:
2322:
2273:
2232:
2183:
2134:
2083:
2048:
1989:
1932:
1875:
1840:
1819:"Tethering the Z ring to the membrane through a conserved membrane targeting sequence in FtsA"
1799:
1736:
1687:
1652:
1595:
1552:
1493:
1444:
1387:
1328:
1310:
1262:
1211:
1168:
1101:
1050:
1007:
948:
899:
856:
821:
803:
749:
653:
180:
4451:
521:, but little is known about these activities in FtsZ. While it is known that single-stranded
4676:
4383:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4264:
3973:
3953:
3923:
3918:
3800:
3155:
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2578:
2543:
2506:
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2455:
2445:
2404:
2363:
2353:
2312:
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2263:
2222:
2214:
2173:
2165:
2124:
2114:
2075:
2038:
2028:
1979:
1971:
1922:
1914:
1867:
1830:
1789:
1779:
1726:
1718:
1679:
1642:
1634:
1587:
1542:
1532:
1483:
1475:
1434:
1426:
1377:
1367:
1318:
1302:
1254:
1203:
1158:
1148:
1093:
1042:
997:
987:
938:
891:
848:
811:
795:
647:
623:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4308:
4279:
3983:
3978:
3025:
2913:
2903:
2878:
2858:
2762:
2742:
1952:"Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell division"
406:
In 1980 Lutkenhaus and
Donachie showed that several of these mutations mapped to one gene,
172:
4818:
3432:
3282:
3165:
2985:
708:
688:
503:
288:
1950:
Bisson-Filho AW, Hsu YP, Squyres GR, Kuru E, Wu F, Jukes C, et al. (February 2017).
2024:
1967:
1910:
1775:
1583:
1528:
1422:
1363:
1250:
1199:
1144:
1089:
1038:
983:
887:
4781:
4644:
3341:
3172:
2681:
2511:
2484:
2460:
2433:
2368:
2341:
2317:
2292:
2227:
2202:
2178:
2153:
2129:
2102:
2043:
2008:
1984:
1951:
1927:
1894:
1794:
1759:
1731:
1706:
1647:
1622:
1547:
1512:
1488:
1463:
1439:
1406:
1382:
1347:
1323:
1290:
720:
415:
398:
ensitive). Several such mutants were discovered and mapped to a locus originally named
2079:
1871:
816:
783:
4931:
4845:
4840:
3805:
3675:
3624:
3574:
3514:
3436:
3404:
3345:
3131:
2650:
2409:
2392:
1835:
1818:
1163:
1129:"Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsZ is a guanine nucleotide binding protein"
1128:
1002:
967:
712:
499:
483:
463:
455:
423:
essential for, cell division in almost all bacteria and in many but not all archaea.
373:
328:
80:
63:
1683:
1274:
134:
4689:
3744:
3499:
3043:
2635:
1607:
1511:
Leger MM, Petrů M, Žárský V, Eme L, Vlček Č, Harding T, et al. (August 2015).
1223:
1113:
1062:
911:
724:
another inhibitor of FtsZ polymerization involved in positioning of the FtsZ ring.
530:
526:
518:
168:
4661:
4639:
1258:
1186:
Osteryoung KW, Vierling E (August 1995). "Conserved cell and organelle division".
799:
687:. DNA damage induces a variety of proteins to be manufactured, one of them called
2358:
2308:
2169:
2154:"Roles of E. coli double-strand-break-repair proteins in stress-induced mutation"
1513:"An ancestral bacterial division system is widespread in eukaryotic mitochondria"
146:
56:
4835:
4786:
4656:
4546:
3876:
3320:
3275:
3194:
3116:
2664:
2103:"The Min system and other nucleoid-independent regulators of Z ring positioning"
1755:
852:
641:
495:
336:
298:
2600:
2450:
2268:
2251:
2013:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1764:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1517:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1352:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1133:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
972:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4887:
4806:
4796:
4684:
3795:
3774:
3540:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3447:
3422:
3410:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3218:
3100:
3089:
3075:
2691:
684:
450:
343:
264:
2501:
2342:"SlmA antagonism of FtsZ assembly employs a two-pronged mechanism like MinCD"
2218:
2119:
1314:
992:
807:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4666:
4504:
4499:
4494:
3852:
3832:
3487:
3482:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3351:
3255:
3189:
2033:
1975:
1918:
1784:
1707:"FtsZ in bacterial cytokinesis: cytoskeleton and force generator all in one"
1537:
1430:
1372:
552:
541:
507:
467:
325:
2590:
2555:
2547:
2520:
2469:
2418:
2377:
2326:
2277:
2187:
2138:
2087:
2052:
1993:
1936:
1879:
1844:
1803:
1740:
1656:
1599:
1556:
1497:
1448:
1391:
1332:
1266:
1153:
2582:
2236:
1722:
1691:
1215:
1172:
1105:
1054:
1011:
952:
903:
860:
825:
675:
seem to use positive regulators that stimulate FtsZ assembly at mid-cell.
226:
84:
4830:
4791:
4723:
4696:
4563:
4551:
4426:
4421:
3862:
3857:
3779:
3213:
3208:
3070:
943:
926:
755:
716:
591:
division or serves as a scaffold for other proteins to execute division.
269:
141:
51:
1893:
Yang X, Lyu Z, Miguel A, McQuillen R, Huang KC, Xiao J (February 2017).
1591:
1306:
4857:
4811:
4701:
4631:
4600:
4530:
4525:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4446:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4086:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3890:
3827:
3315:
3260:
3201:
3184:
3145:
2631:
1479:
522:
514:
431:
368:
347:
314:
4776:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4733:
4568:
4461:
4456:
4441:
4436:
4348:
4294:
4259:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4179:
4174:
4056:
4051:
4046:
3958:
3948:
3928:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3764:
3535:
3530:
3287:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2716:
1670:
Desai A, Mitchison TJ (1997). "Microtubule polymerization dynamics".
1207:
1097:
1046:
895:
583:
domain that allows it to hydrolyze GTP to GDP and a phosphate group.
580:
479:
200:
17:
1638:
567:
image of Z-rings (green) at different stages of constriction in two
758: – A protein complex in bacteria responsible for cell division
4801:
4573:
4556:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4303:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4214:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4169:
4164:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4066:
4061:
4028:
4023:
3993:
3988:
3968:
3963:
3943:
3933:
3848:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
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3691:
3686:
3681:
3665:
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3640:
3635:
3630:
3605:
3600:
3595:
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3555:
3550:
3545:
3525:
3520:
3230:
3160:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3095:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3020:
3010:
2995:
2928:
2918:
2898:
2873:
2868:
2853:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2803:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2686:
2673:
1760:"Condensation of FtsZ filaments can drive bacterial cell division"
560:
559:
551:
475:
449:
439:
435:
68:
4902:
4897:
4852:
4823:
4738:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4509:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4076:
4071:
3938:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3270:
3265:
3223:
3136:
3126:
3121:
3015:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2888:
2813:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
761:
618:
609:
321:
162:
129:
2604:
2009:"Defining the rate-limiting processes of bacterial cytokinesis"
1348:"Defining the rate-limiting processes of bacterial cytokinesis"
2432:
Casiraghi A, Suigo L, Valoti E, Straniero V (February 2020).
513:
Much is known about the dynamic polymerization activities of
2152:
He AS, Rohatgi PR, Hersh MN, Rosenberg SM (February 2006).
454:
Inhibition of FtsZ disrupts septum formation, resulting in
1301:(7543). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 362–365.
1291:"CetZ tubulin-like proteins control archaeal cell shape"
707:
that prevent division over the nucleoid region: Noc and
540:
species. They are believed to function as components of
2007:
Coltharp C, Buss J, Plumer TM, Xiao J (February 2016).
1407:"Reconstitution of contractile FtsZ rings in liposomes"
1346:
Coltharp C, Buss J, Plumer TM, Xiao J (February 2016).
2203:"Dynamic assembly of FtsZ regulated by GTP hydrolysis"
458:
of bacterial cells (top right of electron micrograph).
683:
FtsZ polymerization is also linked to stressors like
782:
Lutkenhaus JF, Wolf-Watz H, Donachie WD (May 1980).
430:
In 2014, scientists identified two FtsZ homologs in
366:." The hypothesis was that cell division mutants of
4870:
4769:
4675:
4630:
4539:
4518:
4470:
4293:
4085:
4037:
3889:
3875:
3841:
3788:
3757:
3737:
3616:
3498:
3329:
3311:
3300:
3243:
3036:
2715:
2672:
2663:
2649:
2642:
2483:Ur Rahman M, Wang P, Wang N, Chen Y (August 2020).
1705:Erickson HP, Anderson DE, Osawa M (December 2010).
841:
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
764: – Protein involved in bacterial cell division
715:result in cells that divide without respect to the
294:
284:
279:
263:
255:
241:
236:
219:
199:
179:
161:
156:
140:
128:
120:
115:
110:
94:
74:
62:
50:
42:
37:
32:
1127:Mukherjee A, Dai K, Lutkenhaus J (February 1993).
324:that assembles into a ring at the future site of
502:further establishes their prokaryotic ancestry.
1672:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
966:Ma X, Ehrhardt DW, Margolin W (November 1996).
631:Septal localization and intracellular signaling
1405:Osawa M, Anderson DE, Erickson HP (May 2008).
2616:
8:
3886:
3326:
3308:
2669:
2660:
2646:
2623:
2609:
2601:
2201:Mukherjee A, Lutkenhaus J (January 1998).
1754:Lan G, Daniels BR, Dobrowsky TM, Wirtz D,
1711:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
276:
225:
153:
2571:Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
2510:
2500:
2489:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2459:
2449:
2408:
2367:
2357:
2316:
2267:
2226:
2177:
2128:
2118:
2042:
2032:
1983:
1926:
1834:
1793:
1783:
1730:
1646:
1546:
1536:
1487:
1438:
1381:
1371:
1322:
1162:
1152:
1001:
991:
942:
815:
774:
231:Molecular Structure of FtsZ (PDB 1fsz).
1817:Pichoff S, Lutkenhaus J (March 2005).
1621:Loose M, Mitchison TJ (January 2014).
639:and 70% of chromosomal replication in
482:ring in eukaryotes, FtsZ has no known
377:constricts to divide the cell in two.
216:
107:
29:
2291:Bernhardt TG, de Boer PA (May 2005).
525:protofilaments form into 13 stranded
7:
925:Levin PA, Losick R (February 1996).
595:protofilaments. Computer models and
2391:Shen B, Lutkenhaus J (March 2010).
663:. However, other species including
548:The contractile ring (the "Z ring")
25:
3251:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein
2410:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07055.x
2340:Du S, Lutkenhaus J (July 2014).
2250:Wu LJ, Errington J (June 2004).
1836:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04522.x
575:FtsZ has the ability to bind to
402:which could be one or more genes
27:Protein encoded by the ftsZ gene
4472:Microtubule organising proteins
2101:Rowlett VW, Margolin W (2015).
1860:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1684:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.83
1464:"Evolution of the cytoskeleton"
1:
4519:Microtubule severing proteins
2080:10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01220-7
1872:10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00374-0
1259:10.1126/science.287.5456.1276
800:10.1128/JB.142.2.615-620.1980
157:Available protein structures:
3179:actin depolymerizing factors
2359:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004460
2309:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.04.012
2170:10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.10.006
4657:Plakoglobin (gamma catenin)
853:10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.077
4959:
2451:10.3390/antibiotics9020069
2269:10.1016/j.cell.2004.06.002
752: – Biological process
350:. The initials FtsZ mean "
220:Cell division protein FtsZ
33:Cell division protein FtsZ
4913:
2107:Frontiers in Microbiology
1462:Erickson HP (July 2007).
275:
224:
152:
111:FtsZ, C-terminal sandwich
4883:Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
2502:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4597
2120:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00478
993:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12998
666:Streptococcus pneumoniae
2034:10.1073/pnas.1514296113
1976:10.1126/science.aak9973
1919:10.1126/science.aak9995
1785:10.1073/pnas.0807963106
1538:10.1073/pnas.1421392112
1431:10.1126/science.1154520
1373:10.1073/pnas.1514296113
931:Genes & Development
788:Journal of Bacteriology
2548:10.1002/anie.200906831
2397:Molecular Microbiology
2219:10.1093/emboj/17.2.462
1823:Molecular Microbiology
1154:10.1073/pnas.90.3.1053
679:Communicating distress
660:Caulobacter crescentus
572:
557:
459:
4943:Cytoskeleton proteins
3503:(hard alpha-keratins)
3334:(soft alpha-keratins)
2583:10.1166/jnn.2015.9203
1723:10.1128/MMBR.00021-10
728:Clinical significance
695:Preventing DNA damage
563:
555:
453:
4918:cytoskeletal defects
4878:Major sperm proteins
944:10.1101/gad.10.4.478
579:and also exhibits a
3331:Epithelial keratins
2025:2016PNAS..113E1044C
1968:2017Sci...355..739B
1911:2017Sci...355..744Y
1776:2009PNAS..106..121L
1627:Nature Cell Biology
1592:10.1038/nature07742
1584:2009Natur.457..849L
1529:2015PNAS..11210239L
1523:(33): 10239–10246.
1423:2008Sci...320..792O
1364:2016PNAS..113E1044C
1307:10.1038/nature13983
1251:2000Sci...287.1276B
1245:(5456): 1276–1279.
1200:1995Natur.376..473O
1145:1993PNAS...90.1053M
1090:1992Natur.359..254D
1039:1992Natur.359..251R
984:1996PNAS...9312998M
978:(23): 12998–13003.
888:1991Natur.354..161B
4938:Bacterial proteins
2019:(8): E1044–E1053.
1480:10.1002/bies.20601
1358:(8): E1044–E1053.
672:Myxococcus xanthus
573:
558:
533:(see also below).
460:
4925:
4924:
4866:
4865:
4626:
4625:
3871:
3870:
3753:
3752:
3296:
3295:
3239:
3238:
2542:(17): 3018–3021.
2536:Angewandte Chemie
1962:(6326): 739–743.
1905:(6326): 744–747.
1578:(7231): 849–853.
1417:(5877): 792–794.
1194:(6540): 473–474.
1084:(6392): 254–256.
1033:(6392): 251–254.
882:(6349): 161–164.
750:Fission (biology)
654:Bacillus subtilis
600:tightens itself.
331:(also called the
308:
307:
304:
303:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:structure summary
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
4950:
3887:
3327:
3309:
2670:
2661:
2647:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2595:
2594:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2412:
2403:(5): 1285–1298.
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2207:The EMBO Journal
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1829:(6): 1722–1734.
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1758:(January 2009).
1751:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1208:10.1038/376473b0
1183:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1139:(3): 1053–1057.
1124:
1118:
1117:
1098:10.1038/359254a0
1073:
1067:
1066:
1047:10.1038/359251a0
1022:
1016:
1015:
1005:
995:
963:
957:
956:
946:
922:
916:
915:
896:10.1038/354161a0
871:
865:
864:
836:
830:
829:
819:
779:
648:Escherichia coli
624:Escherichia coli
565:Super-resolution
362:ensitive mutant
277:
251:
248:Escherichia coli
229:
217:
154:
108:
30:
21:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4909:
4862:
4765:
4671:
4622:
4535:
4514:
4466:
4289:
4081:
4033:
3879:
3867:
3837:
3784:
3749:
3733:
3617:Ungrouped alpha
3612:
3502:
3494:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3303:
3292:
3235:
3032:
2711:
2653:
2638:
2629:
2599:
2598:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2352:(7): e1004460.
2339:
2338:
2334:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1639:10.1038/ncb2885
1620:
1619:
1615:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1024:
1023:
1019:
965:
964:
960:
924:
923:
919:
873:
872:
868:
838:
837:
833:
781:
780:
776:
771:
746:
730:
697:
681:
633:
550:
504:L-form bacteria
448:
414:In 1991 Bi and
383:
317:encoded by the
245:
232:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4956:
4954:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4782:Corneodesmosin
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4681:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:Nuclear lamins
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3506:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3175:
3173:Arp2/3 complex
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3098:
3087:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2651:Microfilaments
2644:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2577:(1): 556–561.
2561:
2526:
2495:(3): 310–318.
2475:
2424:
2383:
2332:
2303:(5): 555–564.
2297:Molecular Cell
2283:
2262:(7): 915–925.
2242:
2213:(2): 462–469.
2193:
2164:(2): 258–273.
2144:
2093:
2058:
1999:
1942:
1885:
1866:(6): 553–557.
1850:
1809:
1770:(1): 121–126.
1746:
1717:(4): 504–528.
1697:
1662:
1613:
1562:
1503:
1474:(7): 668–677.
1454:
1397:
1338:
1280:
1229:
1178:
1119:
1068:
1017:
958:
937:(4): 478–488.
917:
866:
831:
794:(2): 615–620.
773:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
759:
753:
745:
742:
729:
726:
721:polymerization
713:gene knockouts
696:
693:
680:
677:
632:
629:
549:
546:
447:
444:
382:
379:
372:would grow as
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
222:
221:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
183:
177:
176:
166:
159:
158:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
54:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4955:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Delta catenin
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Alpha catenin
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:cytoplasmic:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:Neurofilament
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:chromosome 12
3673:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3625:chromosome 17
3622:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:chromosome 12
3572:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:chromosome 17
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:Hair keratins
3497:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:chromosome 12
3434:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:chromosome 12
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:chromosome 17
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:Intermediate
3299:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:PLOS Genetics
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
959:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
870:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
832:
827:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
775:
768:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
736:
727:
725:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
692:
690:
686:
678:
676:
674:
673:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
655:
650:
649:
644:
643:
638:
630:
628:
626:
625:
620:
614:
611:
605:
601:
598:
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
570:
566:
562:
554:
547:
545:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
489:
485:
484:motor protein
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:cell division
457:
456:filamentation
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
380:
378:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
335:). FtsZ is a
334:
330:
329:cell division
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
235:
228:
223:
218:
207:
204:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
109:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4915:
4892:
4690:Dystroglycan
4645:Beta catenin
3877:Microtubules
3745:Beta-keratin
3674:
3623:
3569:
3509:
3431:
3417:
3403:
3340:
3177:
3044:Tropomodulin
2636:cytoskeleton
2574:
2570:
2564:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2074:(1): 75–81.
2071:
2067:
2061:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1767:
1763:
1749:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1633:(1): 38–46.
1630:
1626:
1616:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1030:
1026:
1020:
975:
971:
961:
934:
930:
920:
879:
875:
869:
844:
840:
834:
791:
787:
777:
739:
735:conservation
731:
704:
700:
698:
682:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
636:
634:
622:
615:
606:
602:
596:
593:
589:
584:
574:
568:
537:
535:
531:treadmilling
527:microtubules
519:microtubules
512:
506:that lack a
500:mitochondria
496:chloroplasts
493:
487:
461:
429:
425:
421:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
332:
318:
310:
309:
247:
4836:Plakophilin
4787:Desmoplakin
4547:Tau protein
3321:Cytokeratin
3117:Tropomyosin
2665:Myofilament
2438:Antibiotics
847:: 677–693.
705:B. subtilis
642:B. subtilis
394:emperature
390:ilamenting
358:emperature-
354:ilamenting
337:prokaryotic
289:Swiss-model
237:Identifiers
116:Identifiers
38:Identifiers
4932:Categories
4916:See also:
4888:Crescentin
4807:Periplakin
4797:Envoplakin
4685:Dystrophin
4302:axonemal:
3796:Internexin
3775:Peripherin
2158:DNA Repair
1678:: 83–117.
769:References
685:DNA damage
542:segrosomes
416:Lutkenhaus
344:eukaryotic
285:Structures
280:Search for
169:structures
4505:Centrin 3
4500:Centrin 2
4495:Centrin 1
3833:Syncoilin
3738:Not alpha
3304:filaments
3256:Fibrillin
2444:(2): 69.
2068:Biochimie
1468:BioEssays
1315:0028-0836
808:678550294
508:cell wall
498:and some
468:cell wall
374:filaments
340:homologue
326:bacterial
147:IPR024757
57:IPR000158
4871:Nonhuman
4831:Vinculin
4792:Dystonin
4724:Spectrin
4697:Utrophin
4677:Membrane
4632:Catenins
4564:Stathmin
4552:Dynactin
4432:DYNC2LI1
4427:DYNC1LI2
4422:DYNC1LI1
4087:Kinesins
3891:Tubulins
3780:Vimentin
3312:Type 1/2
3214:Profilin
3209:Gelsolin
3071:Troponin
2632:Proteins
2591:26328401
2556:20349481
2521:32020845
2470:32046082
2419:20132438
2378:25078077
2327:15916962
2278:15210112
2188:16310415
2139:26029202
2088:11254978
2053:26831086
1994:28209898
1937:28209899
1880:12457697
1845:15752196
1804:19116281
1741:21119015
1657:24316672
1600:19212404
1557:25831547
1498:17563102
1449:18420899
1392:26831086
1333:25533961
1275:26587576
1267:10678836
756:Divisome
744:See also
717:nucleoid
538:Bacillus
446:Function
346:protein
299:InterPro
242:Organism
186:RCSB PDB
142:InterPro
52:InterPro
4858:PLEKHA7
4812:Plectin
4777:Plakins
4702:Ankyrin
4601:Dynamin
4531:Spastin
4526:Katanin
4490:CAMSAP3
4485:CAMSAP2
4480:CAMSAP1
4452:DYNLRB2
4447:DYNLRB1
4417:DYNC1I2
4412:DYNC1I1
4407:DYNC2H1
4402:DYNC1H1
4295:Dyneins
4019:TUBGCP6
4014:TUBGCP5
4009:TUBGCP4
4004:TUBGCP3
3999:TUBGCP2
3828:Synemin
3571:type II
3433:type II
3316:Keratin
3261:Filamin
3202:Destrin
3185:Cofilin
3146:Actinin
2717:Myosins
2634:of the
2512:7416170
2461:7167804
2369:4117426
2318:4428309
2237:9430638
2228:1170397
2179:3685484
2130:4429545
2113:: 478.
2044:4776500
2021:Bibcode
1985:5485650
1964:Bibcode
1956:Science
1928:5851775
1907:Bibcode
1899:Science
1795:2629247
1772:Bibcode
1732:3008173
1692:9442869
1648:4019675
1608:4413852
1580:Bibcode
1548:4547283
1525:Bibcode
1489:2630885
1440:2645864
1419:Bibcode
1411:Science
1383:4776500
1360:Bibcode
1324:4369195
1247:Bibcode
1239:Science
1224:5399155
1216:7637778
1196:Bibcode
1173:8430073
1141:Bibcode
1114:2748757
1106:1528268
1086:Bibcode
1063:4355143
1055:1528267
1035:Bibcode
1012:8917533
980:Bibcode
953:8600030
912:4329947
904:1944597
884:Bibcode
861:4892005
826:6991482
701:E. coli
637:E. coli
597:in vivo
585:In vivo
569:E. coli
523:tubulin
515:tubulin
488:E. coli
462:During
432:archaea
381:History
369:E. coli
348:tubulin
342:of the
315:protein
295:Domains
265:UniProt
135:PF12327
101:cd02201
4759:SPTBN5
4754:SPTBN4
4749:SPTBN2
4744:SPTBN1
4734:SPTAN1
4569:Tektin
4462:DYNLT3
4457:DYNLT1
4442:DYNLL2
4437:DYNLL1
4384:DNALI1
4369:DNAH17
4364:DNAH14
4359:DNAH13
4354:DNAH12
4349:DNAH11
4344:DNAH10
4265:KIF26B
4260:KIF26A
4235:KIF21B
4230:KIF21A
4225:KIF20B
4220:KIF20A
4210:KIF18B
4205:KIF18A
4195:KIF16B
4180:KIF13B
4175:KIF13A
3974:TUBB4Q
3959:TUBB2C
3954:TUBB2B
3949:TUBB2A
3929:TUBA4A
3924:TUBA3E
3919:TUBA3D
3914:TUBA3C
3909:TUBA1C
3904:TUBA1B
3899:TUBA1A
3842:Type 5
3801:Nestin
3789:Type 4
3765:Desmin
3758:Type 3
3511:type I
3342:type I
3288:TRIOBP
2954:MYO18B
2949:MYO18A
2945:XVIII
2939:MYO15A
2674:Actins
2589:
2554:
2519:
2509:
2468:
2458:
2417:
2376:
2366:
2325:
2315:
2276:
2235:
2225:
2186:
2176:
2137:
2127:
2086:
2051:
2041:
1992:
1982:
1935:
1925:
1878:
1843:
1802:
1792:
1756:Sun SX
1739:
1729:
1690:
1655:
1645:
1606:
1598:
1572:Nature
1555:
1545:
1496:
1486:
1447:
1437:
1390:
1380:
1331:
1321:
1313:
1295:Nature
1273:
1265:
1222:
1214:
1188:Nature
1171:
1161:
1112:
1104:
1078:Nature
1061:
1053:
1027:Nature
1010:
1000:
951:
910:
902:
876:Nature
859:
824:
817:294035
814:
806:
711:. Noc
581:GTPase
571:cells.
480:myosin
472:septum
333:Z ring
270:P0A9A6
256:Symbol
201:PDBsum
175:
165:
124:FtsZ_C
121:Symbol
89:SUPFAM
43:Symbol
4819:Talin
4802:MACF1
4770:Other
4729:SPTA1
4594:TEKT5
4589:TEKT4
4584:TEKT3
4579:TEKT2
4574:TEKT1
4557:DCTN1
4540:Other
4394:DNAL4
4389:DNAL1
4379:DNAI2
4374:DNAI1
4339:DNAH9
4334:DNAH8
4329:DNAH7
4324:DNAH6
4319:DNAH5
4314:DNAH3
4309:DNAH2
4304:DNAH1
4285:KIFC3
4280:KIFC2
4275:KIFC1
4270:KIF27
4255:KIF25
4250:KIF24
4245:KIF23
4240:KIF22
4215:KIF19
4200:KIF17
4190:KIF15
4185:KIF14
4170:KIF12
4165:KIF11
4145:KIF5C
4140:KIF5B
4135:KIF5A
4130:KIF4B
4125:KIF4A
4120:KIF3C
4115:KIF3B
4110:KIF2C
4105:KIF2A
4100:KIF1B
4095:KIF1A
4067:MAP1B
4062:MAP1A
4029:TUBE1
4024:TUBD1
3994:TUBG2
3989:TUBG1
3984:TUBB8
3979:TUBB6
3969:TUBB4
3964:TUBB3
3944:TUBB1
3934:TUBA8
3283:Espin
3244:Other
3231:Titin
3037:Other
3026:MYLL1
3021:MYLK2
3011:MYLIP
2996:MYL6B
2929:MYO10
2919:MYO9B
2914:MYO9A
2904:MYO7B
2899:MYO7A
2879:MYO5C
2874:MYO5B
2869:MYO5A
2859:MYO3B
2854:MYO3A
2844:MYH16
2839:MYH15
2834:MYH14
2829:MYH13
2824:MYH11
2819:MYH10
2804:MYH7B
2763:MYO1H
2758:MYO1G
2753:MYO1F
2748:MYO1E
2743:MYO1D
2738:MYO1C
2733:MYO1B
2728:MYO1A
2643:Human
1604:S2CID
1271:S2CID
1220:S2CID
1164:45809
1110:S2CID
1059:S2CID
1003:24035
908:S2CID
476:actin
440:FtsZ2
436:FtsZ1
412:ftsZ.
408:ftsA,
400:ftsA,
313:is a
85:SCOPe
76:SCOP2
18:FtsZ1
4903:ParM
4898:MreB
4893:FtsZ
4853:ACF7
4846:PKP2
4841:PKP1
4824:TLN1
4739:SPTB
4717:ANK3
4712:ANK2
4707:ANK1
4616:DNM3
4611:DNM2
4606:DNM1
4510:PCM1
4160:KIF9
4155:KIF7
4150:KIF6
4077:MAP4
4072:MAP2
4039:MAPs
3939:TUBB
3882:MAPs
3880:and
3821:NEFH
3816:NEFM
3811:NEFL
3770:GFAP
3418:none
3276:FLNC
3271:FLNB
3266:FLNA
3016:MYLK
3006:MYL9
3001:MYL7
2991:MYL6
2986:MYL5
2981:MYL4
2976:MYL3
2971:MYL2
2966:MYL1
2895:VII
2889:MYO6
2850:III
2814:MYH9
2809:MYH8
2799:MYH7
2794:MYH6
2789:MYH4
2784:MYH3
2779:MYH2
2774:MYH1
2656:ABPs
2654:and
2587:PMID
2552:PMID
2517:PMID
2466:PMID
2415:PMID
2374:PMID
2323:PMID
2274:PMID
2256:Cell
2233:PMID
2184:PMID
2135:PMID
2084:PMID
2049:PMID
1990:PMID
1933:PMID
1876:PMID
1841:PMID
1800:PMID
1737:PMID
1688:PMID
1653:PMID
1596:PMID
1553:PMID
1494:PMID
1445:PMID
1388:PMID
1329:PMID
1311:ISSN
1263:PMID
1212:PMID
1169:PMID
1102:PMID
1051:PMID
1008:PMID
949:PMID
900:PMID
857:PMID
822:PMID
804:OCLC
762:FtsK
709:SlmA
703:and
689:SulA
669:and
657:and
619:FtsA
610:FtsA
517:and
438:and
322:gene
319:ftsZ
311:FtsZ
259:ftsZ
194:PDBj
190:PDBe
173:ECOD
163:Pfam
130:Pfam
81:1fsz
69:1fsz
64:CATH
46:FtsZ
4667:GAN
4650:APC
4057:EB3
4052:EB2
4047:EB1
3853:A/C
3536:33B
3531:33A
2935:XV
2910:IX
2885:VI
2770:II
2579:doi
2544:doi
2507:PMC
2497:doi
2456:PMC
2446:doi
2405:doi
2364:PMC
2354:doi
2313:PMC
2305:doi
2264:doi
2260:117
2223:PMC
2215:doi
2174:PMC
2166:doi
2125:PMC
2115:doi
2076:doi
2039:PMC
2029:doi
2017:113
1980:PMC
1972:doi
1960:355
1923:PMC
1915:doi
1903:355
1868:doi
1831:doi
1790:PMC
1780:doi
1768:106
1727:PMC
1719:doi
1680:doi
1643:PMC
1635:doi
1588:doi
1576:457
1543:PMC
1533:doi
1521:112
1484:PMC
1476:doi
1435:PMC
1427:doi
1415:320
1378:PMC
1368:doi
1356:113
1319:PMC
1303:doi
1299:519
1255:doi
1243:287
1204:doi
1192:376
1159:PMC
1149:doi
1094:doi
1082:359
1043:doi
1031:359
998:PMC
988:doi
939:doi
892:doi
880:354
849:doi
812:PMC
796:doi
792:142
577:GTP
442:.
181:PDB
96:CDD
4934::
3863:B2
3858:B1
3851::
3727:80
3722:79
3717:78
3712:77
3707:76
3702:75
3697:74
3692:73
3687:72
3682:71
3666:40
3661:39
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3646:26
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3606:86
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3561:38
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3541:34
3526:32
3521:31
3478:6C
3473:6B
3468:6A
3448:2A
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3411:18
3397:20
3392:19
3387:17
3382:16
3377:15
3372:14
3367:13
3362:12
3357:10
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2697:C1
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