722:
531:
709:)—are said to have been written by Fulk in 1096, although both the authorship and authenticity of the work are disputed. The first part of the work describing Fulk's ancestry and some of his ancestor's deeds is extent. A second part which would have dealt with Fulk's own times—if it were ever written—has been lost. If he wrote it, it would have been one of the first works of history in
474:
555:
There are conflicting accounts of Fulk's life, including some who pointedly condemned him as "a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits". The clerics of his time particularly objected to his sexual promiscuity or deviance, which included marrying as many as five times, although the exact
492:, he released Geoffrey but the two brothers soon fell to fighting again. The next year Geoffrey was again imprisoned by Fulk, this time for good. Fulk then ruled Anjou from 1068 until his death.
606:, the daughter of its lord Isambert or Isembard. He is said to have repudiated her in 1080, again on grounds of consanguinity. He was then said to have married a daughter of
488:, Fulk's older brother. Some sources declare that his rule was incompetent and Fulk contested the succession, capturing Geoffrey in 1067. Under pressure from the
780:
during battle.) In any case, the footwear was considered vain and obscene—if not demonic—and were immensely unpopular with the church leadership of the period.
436:
have made numerous and varied suggestions, most but not all negative, including "the
Quarreler", "the Rude", "the Sullen", "the Surly", and "the Heroic".
1314:
Bradbury, Jim (1989). Harper-Bill, Christopher; Holdsworth, Christopher J.; Nelson, Janet L. (eds.). "Fulk le Rechin and the Origin of the
Plantagenets".
756:, the pointy-toed "scorpion-tail" shoes, which became fashionable in France and England around this time and later developed into the unwieldy elongated
454:
303:
713:
written by a layman rather than a cleric. Some scholars propose that Fulk may have actually commissioned the work but used scribes to compose it.
598:, their son, ruled jointly with Fulk for some time but died in 1106. Some of the sources state Fulk repudiated Ermengarde in 1075 on the basis of
1344:
Dittmar, Jenna M.; et al. (December 2021), "Fancy Shoes and
Painful Feet: Hallux Valgus and Fracture Risk in Medieval Cambridge, England",
503:
to placate the king upon his victory. Much of Fulk's rule was devoted to regaining control over this territory and to a complex struggle with
1602:
1399:
Mews, Constant J. (2006). "Negotiating the
Boundaries of Gender in Religious Life: Robert of Arbrissel and Hersende, Abelard and Heloise".
495:
Substantial territory was lost to
Angevin control due to the difficulties resulting from Geoffrey's poor rule and the brothers' warring.
1607:
1455:
A History of the
English Church: First Period: From the Planting of the Church in Britain to the Accession of Henry VIII. (596–1509)
811:
40:
721:
450:
293:
785:
746:
687:
Fulk died on 14 April 1109 leaving the restoration of the county of Anjou as it had been under
Geoffrey III to his successors.
489:
1389:
Kroll, Jerome; Bachrach, Bernard S. (1990). "Medieval
Dynastic Decisions: Evolutionary Biology and Historical Explanation".
952:
564:
263:
1424:
Paul, Nicholas L. (2007). Morillo, Stephen; Korngiebel, Diane (eds.). "The
Chronicle of Fulk le Rechin: a Reassessment".
65:
267:
85:
1441:
607:
1382:
Family Trees and the Root of
Politics: A Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century
789:
568:
342:
from around 1068 until his death. He was noted to be "a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits" by
1597:
610:
by 1080. He was said to have divorced this woman, whose name was not recorded in surviving accounts, in 1087.
729:
271:
1464:
804:
283:
1545:
808:
485:
346:, who particularly objected to his many women and his influential footwear, claiming he popularized the
1592:
1587:
1558:
781:
660:
641:
622:
614:
595:
543:
399:
230:
1267:
1243:
800:
776:, which they had extended to a point and turned down in the late 11th century to better hold their
760:. Supposedly Fulk began wearing narrow shoes with lengthened toes as a way of hiding his unsightly
618:
496:
407:
664:
535:
500:
380:
1569:
1479:
1437:
1253:
1183:
1135:
1119:
1031:
796:
765:
676:
649:
645:
634:
576:
539:
258:
75:
1167:
1151:
1357:
1349:
1293:
679:
on 15 May 1092. She was said to have fully reconciled Fulk with the king and the situation.
656:
572:
519:
508:
376:
1532:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
1433:
1332:
749:
710:
672:
630:
626:
591:
481:
462:
403:
372:
368:
343:
339:
315:
603:
559:
Providing all the claimed formal marriages, he was said to have first wed Hildegarde of
1552:
1487:
1277:
743:
696:
458:
389:
383:
335:
327:
47:
1581:
599:
1502:
St. Anselm and the Handmaidens of God: A Study of Anselm's Correspondence with Women
530:
793:
1519:
1468:
1453:
1413:
1261:
1237:
587:
364:
17:
1353:
764:
from his 5th wife Bertrade before she abandoned him in favor of the king. (The
1483:
1254:"Orderic's Secular Rulers and Representations of Personality and Power in the
638:
386:
733:
560:
433:
473:
1458:, The Student's English Church History (5th ed.), London: John Murray
1348:, vol. 35, Los Angeles: Paleopathology Association, pp. 90–100,
757:
653:
512:
504:
351:
699:
history of Anjou and its rulers—surviving only in part and now known as
39:
777:
773:
769:
753:
725:
429:
417:
347:
278:
1362:
629:
for support of the marriage in exchange for his assistance with rebel
761:
736:
668:
768:
Ruth Wilcox offers that it may have been a simple adaptation of the
412:
720:
529:
472:
556:
number of lawful wives, divorces, and repudiations is disputed.
1426:
The Haskins Society Journal 18: Studies in Medieval History
633:, which ultimately required Robert to restore the lands of
663:, before 1092, when she either abandoned Fulk in favor of
432:
by which he is usually known, has no certain translation.
667:
or was abducted by the king. (Accounts vary.) Apparently
518:
At some point before 1106, Fulk made a major gift to the
833:
831:
1494:, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 103–105
1316:
Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown
484:
died without direct heirs, leaving Anjou to his nephew
1011:
1009:
988:
586:. Fulk was then said to have married Ermengarde of
299:
289:
277:
257:
112:
104:
96:
92:
81:
71:
61:
53:
46:
32:
1207:
1263:Orderic Vitalis: Life, Works, and Interpretations
1219:
1195:
1407:. CMRS Center for Early Global Studies: 113–148.
1239:Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy (c. 1050–1134)
613:Most scandalously, he was said to have married
499:was lost, and Fulk had to give the Gâtinais to
461:, an earlier count of Anjou, and the sister of
1492:University Records and Life in the Middle Ages
849:
465:who inherited Anjou upon his father's death.
8:
423:
897:
704:
449:Fulk, born in 1043, was the younger son of
393:
1539:
1298:Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040
742:Amid his other denunciations of Fulk, the
602:. Around 1076, Fulk then wed Orengarde of
38:
29:
1361:
322:; 1043 – 14 April 1109), better known as
1375:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1325:The Capetians: Kings of France, 987–1328
1307:The Feudal Kingdom of England: 1042–1216
1276:Alberigo, J.; et al., eds. (1973),
1079:
1055:
964:
948:
944:
942:
921:
909:
885:
873:
861:
837:
1446:, vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press
1346:International Journal of Paleopathology
1131:
1043:
976:
827:
136: 1068; died 1070)
1418:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
1163:
1067:
1000:
648:, who later became count of Anjou and
1179:
1147:
799:banned its use by the faculty of the
398:in contemporary accounts and written
27:French fashion designer (1043 – 1109)
7:
1391:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
1115:
1103:
1091:
1027:
1015:
933:
1524:, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
579:. Hildegarde was said to have died
367:was the usual name of the medieval
1534:. Vol. viii. Clarendon Press.
1484:"Rules of the University of Paris"
1337:Mais OĂą Sont les Normandes d'Antan
1278:"Concilium Lateranense IV a. 1215"
671:, she married the king and became
25:
1300:. University of California Press.
1285:Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta
1270:: Boydell Press, pp. 189–216
706:Fragmentum Historiae Andegavensis
546:, from the Chronicle of St Denis
1415:Seeing Sodomy in the Middle Ages
752:blamed him for the invention of
567:, their daughter, later married
453:(sometimes known as Aubri), and
246:
217:
187:
160:
457:. Ermengarde was a daughter of
354:, the medieval long-toed shoe.
264:Ermengarde, Duchess of Brittany
242:
213:
183:
156:
133:
1452:Perry, George Gresley (1890),
1373:France in the Making, 843–1180
451:Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais
294:Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais
1:
1473:, London: Chatto & Windus
1443:The Ecclesiastical History...
1393:. 21 (Jan.). MIT Press: 1–28.
580:
1603:11th-century French nobility
1530:William of Jumieges (1992).
1518:Wilcox, Ruth Turner (1948),
1380:Keats-Rohan, K.S.B. (1997).
1287:(in Latin), pp. 230–271
807:finally banned them for all
1470:A Cyclopaedia of Costume...
350:that eventually became the
268:Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou
86:Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou
1624:
1354:10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.012
989:William of Jumieges (1992)
701:A Partial History of Anjou
608:Walter I, Count of Brienne
594:Archambaud IV the Strong.
1566:
1550:
1542:
1500:Vaughn, Sally N. (2002).
1252:Aird, William M. (2016),
1236:Aird, William M. (2008),
1208:Alberigo & al. (1973)
850:Kroll & Bachrach 1990
790:1102 Synod of Westminster
173:Orengarde de Châtelaillon
37:
1608:French fashion designers
1220:Dittmar & al. (2021)
1196:Robert de Courson (1215)
803:in August 1215, and the
1465:Planché, James Robinson
1371:Dunbabin, Jean (2005).
625:, in 1089. He extorted
272:Fulk, King of Jerusalem
123:Hildegarde of Beaugency
1511:King John and Religion
1509:Webster, Paul (2015).
1412:Mills, Robert (2015),
1339:(in French). F.Sorlet.
1327:. Hambledon Continuum.
1323:Bradbury, Jim (2007).
1305:Barlow, Frank (2014).
1256:Historia Ecclesiastica
805:Fourth Lateran Council
739:
705:
552:
478:
424:
394:
331:
319:
724:
533:
476:
146:Ermengarde de Bourbon
1521:The Mode in Footwear
1428:. The Boydell Press.
1384:. The Boydell Press.
1318:. The Boydell Press.
1294:Bachrach, Bernard S.
644:. Bertrade bore him
477:Coins minted by Fulk
245: 1089;
231:Bertrade de Montfort
216: 1080;
186: 1076;
159: 1070;
57:1068 – 14 April 1109
924:, pp. 189–190.
801:University of Paris
565:Ermengarde of Anjou
455:Ermengarde of Anjou
320:Foulques IV d'Anjou
304:Ermengarde of Anjou
1438:Chibnall, Marjorie
1335:, Jacques (1988).
898:Keats-Rohan (1997)
784:banned its use by
740:
596:Geoffrey IV Martel
553:
501:Philip I of France
479:
1576:
1575:
1567:Succeeded by
1480:Robert de Courson
1106:, pp. 19–35.
1094:, pp. 20–21.
797:Robert de Courson
766:fashion historian
728:in an 11th cent.
642:William of Évreux
635:Ralph the Asshead
550:
507:for influence in
379:form of the same
309:
308:
16:(Redirected from
1615:
1543:Preceded by
1540:
1535:
1525:
1514:
1513:. Boydell Press.
1505:
1495:
1474:
1459:
1447:
1429:
1419:
1408:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1340:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1247:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
946:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
708:
585:
582:
551:
548:
520:Fontevraud Abbey
427:
397:
250:
248:
244:
221:
219:
215:
191:
189:
185:
164:
162:
158:
137:
135:
42:
30:
21:
18:Fulk IV of Anjou
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1598:Counts of Anjou
1578:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1555:
1548:
1538:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1488:Thorndyke, Lynn
1478:
1463:
1451:
1434:Orderic Vitalis
1432:
1423:
1411:
1398:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1343:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1275:
1251:
1246:: Boydell Press
1235:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1080:Dunbabin (2005)
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1056:Bradbury (2007)
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
965:Bradbury (1989)
963:
959:
949:Chibnall (1973)
947:
940:
932:
928:
922:Dunbabin (2005)
920:
916:
910:Dunbabin (2005)
908:
904:
896:
892:
886:Bradbury (1989)
884:
880:
874:Bradbury (1989)
872:
868:
862:Bachrach (1993)
860:
856:
848:
844:
838:Bradbury (1989)
836:
829:
825:
820:
814:the same year.
786:English clerics
750:Orderic Vitalis
719:
711:medieval Europe
693:
685:
627:Robert Curthose
583:
547:
528:
482:Geoffrey Martel
471:
463:Geoffrey Martel
447:
442:
406:. They are all
362:
344:Orderic Vitalis
270:
266:
253:
252:
249: 1092)
240:
236:
233:
223:
220: 1087)
211:
207:
204:
193:
190: 1080)
181:
177:
174:
166:
163: 1075)
154:
150:
147:
139:
131:
127:
124:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1553:Count of Anjou
1549:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1527:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1476:
1461:
1449:
1430:
1421:
1409:
1396:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1341:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1290:
1273:
1249:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1172:
1156:
1140:
1132:Planché (1876)
1124:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1082:, p. 190.
1072:
1070:, p. 156.
1060:
1058:, p. 119.
1048:
1044:Webster (2015)
1036:
1020:
1018:, p. 132.
1005:
1003:, p. 106.
993:
991:, p. 260.
981:
979:, p. 152.
977:Choffel (1988)
969:
957:
938:
936:, p. 135.
926:
914:
912:, p. 189.
902:
900:, p. 257.
890:
878:
866:
864:, p. 262.
854:
842:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
718:
715:
692:
689:
684:
681:
637:to Bertrade's
617:, daughter of
590:, daughter of
527:
524:
470:
469:Count of Anjou
467:
459:Fulk the Black
446:
443:
441:
438:
410:with the word
361:
358:
324:Fulk le RĂ©chin
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
284:House of Anjou
281:
275:
274:
261:
255:
254:
238:
234:
229:
228:
227:
226:
209:
205:
199:
198:
197:
196:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
169:
152:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
116:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
48:Count of Anjou
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1620:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Wilcox (1948)
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:Barlow (2014)
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:, p. 90.
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Vaughn (2002)
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
970:
967:, p. 36.
966:
961:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
899:
894:
891:
888:, p. 32.
887:
882:
879:
876:, p. 31.
875:
870:
867:
863:
858:
855:
851:
846:
843:
840:, p. 27.
839:
834:
832:
828:
822:
817:
815:
813:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:
745:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
714:
712:
707:
702:
698:
690:
688:
682:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:King Philip I
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
600:consanguinity
597:
593:
589:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
545:
541:
537:
532:
525:
523:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
439:
437:
435:
431:
426:
421:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:modern French
401:
396:
391:
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108:14 April 1109
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41:
36:
31:
19:
1556:
1551:
1546:Geoffrey III
1531:
1520:
1510:
1501:
1491:
1469:
1454:
1442:
1425:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1345:
1336:
1324:
1315:
1309:. Routledge.
1306:
1297:
1284:
1262:
1255:
1238:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1180:Perry (1890)
1175:
1159:
1148:Mills (2015)
1143:
1127:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1023:
996:
984:
972:
960:
929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
852:, p. 3.
845:
794:papal legate
741:
730:illumination
700:
694:
686:
612:
604:Châtelaillon
558:
554:
549:(14th cent.)
517:
494:
486:Geoffrey III
480:
448:
434:Philologists
422:
411:
375:. It is the
363:
356:
332:Fulco Rechin
323:
311:
310:
200:
88:(until 1106)
66:Geoffrey III
1593:1109 deaths
1588:1043 births
1559:Geoffrey IV
1116:Aird (2016)
1104:Paul (2007)
1092:Paul (2007)
1028:Aird (2008)
1016:Mews (2006)
951:, pp.
934:Mews (2006)
584: 1070
536:King Philip
334:), was the
62:Predecessor
1582:Categories
1564:1068–1109
1504:. Brepols.
1363:2164/17718
1268:Woodbridge
1244:Woodbridge
1182:, p.
1166:, p.
1150:, p.
1134:, p.
1118:, p.
1030:, p.
818:References
669:bigamously
621:, lord of
445:Early life
416:("people,
387:given name
203:de Brienne
82:Joint rule
823:Citations
782:St Anselm
758:poulaines
747:historian
734:Aquitaine
661:Jerusalem
563:in 1067.
561:Beaugency
497:Saintonge
390:latinized
384:masculine
72:Successor
1482:(1944),
1467:(1876),
1436:(1973),
1296:(1993).
809:Catholic
778:stirrups
774:sabatons
754:pigaches
732:from an
726:Pigaches
654:Crusader
639:guardian
631:Manceaux
623:Montfort
615:Bertrade
592:its lord
577:Britanny
544:Bertrade
513:Brittany
505:Normandy
400:Foulques
381:Germanic
352:poulaine
348:pigaches
1490:(ed.),
1440:(ed.),
1333:Choffel
1229:Sources
1032:127–128
953:186–187
788:at the
770:Normans
762:bunions
744:English
652:of the
619:Simon I
588:Bourbon
569:Alan IV
430:epithet
408:cognate
377:English
312:Fulk IV
251:
239:
235:
222:
210:
206:
192:
180:
176:
165:
153:
149:
138:
130:
126:
113:Spouses
33:Fulk IV
1570:Fulk V
1401:Viator
812:clergy
792:, the
737:tonary
717:Legacy
677:France
646:Fulk V
542:, and
540:Bertha
534:Fulk,
490:church
428:, the
425:RĂ©chin
369:counts
316:French
300:Mother
290:Father
76:Fulk V
1557:with
1486:, in
1281:(PDF)
697:Latin
691:Works
683:Death
673:queen
657:realm
526:Wives
509:Maine
420:").
395:Fulco
373:Anjou
340:Anjou
336:count
328:Latin
279:House
259:Issue
241:(
237:
212:(
208:
182:(
178:
155:(
151:
132:(
128:
54:Reign
650:king
573:duke
511:and
440:Life
413:folk
365:Fulk
360:Name
247:div.
218:div.
188:div.
161:div.
105:Died
100:1043
97:Born
1358:hdl
1350:doi
1184:190
1136:459
1120:196
675:of
659:of
575:of
418:kin
402:in
392:as
371:of
338:of
1584::
1405:37
1403:.
1356:,
1283:,
1266:,
1260:,
1242:,
1168:65
1152:82
1008:^
941:^
830:^
772:'
695:A
581:c.
571:,
538:,
522:.
515:.
330::
318::
243:m.
214:m.
184:m.
157:m.
134:m.
1526:.
1496:.
1475:.
1460:.
1448:.
1420:.
1395:3
1367:.
1360::
1352::
1289:.
1272:.
1258:"
1248:.
1222:.
1210:.
1198:.
1186:.
1170:.
1154:.
1138:.
1122:.
1034:.
955:.
703:(
326:(
314:(
201:N
20:)
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