35:. This fungi causes a variety of colored rots in potatoes. This pathogen, while having both a sexual and asexual form, stays in an asexual cycle due to the way it spreads. Preferring warmer climates, it is not uncommon to find this pathogen in the northern United States where it has been reported to affect yield as much as 60%.
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disease affecting both seed potatoes and potatoes for human consumption. Dry rot causes the skin of the tuber to wrinkle. The rotted areas of the potato may be brown, grey, or black and the rot creates depressions in the surface of the tuber. Seed pieces may rot completely before they have the chance
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Before planting, cut seed pieces should be treated with fungicide, such as Tops MZ, Moncoat MZ, or Maxim MZ. The seed pieces should be planted in warm, well-drained soil within 24 hours of cutting; this environment is conducive to sprout growth and emergence. The seed pieces should be shielded from
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takes advantage of this overwintering and spring cutting. The pathogen is unable to enter the tuber until it is either wounded through harvest, storage, or cutting and thus if there is any inoculum present in the soil, it has to wait until harvest occurs to infect the tuber. Once in, the fungus,
268:. Farmers are advised to only use certified, disease-free seed, and to inspect seed pieces personally to ensure that they are symptom-free. Seed should be stored at 40-42 degrees Fahrenheit, but gently warmed to 50 degrees prior to cutting. The cooler temperatures antagonize growth of
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Potatoes are not your typical vegetation. Each tuber is capable of producing a brand new plant from various eye spots. This allows farmers to culture an identical plant from each tuber and in turn cuts costs as each tuber can sprout a dozen new plants. And dozens of new sources of
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along with other opportunistic pathogens like soft rot, begin to decompose the tubers and are able to kill off the plant before it emerges. Depending on the time of year, this pathogen moves and infects in different manners. As
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is not just a cosmetic problem like many other pathogens. It destroys tubers and leaves them completely inedible or unusable as seed in the future. Long-term storage losses have been reported to be as high as 60% while annual
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Gachango, E, L E. Hanson, A Rojas, J J. Hao, and W W. Kirk. "Fusarium spp. Causing Dry Rot of Seed Potato Tubers in
Michigan and Their Sensitivity to Fungicides." Plant Disease 96.12 (2012): 1767-74. Print.
283:. Storage facilities and cutting equipment should be disinfected frequently. The blades used for cutting should be sharp to ensure clean cuts. Farmers also should not keep “cull piles” of potato tubers. .
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Effective chemical control of dry rot can be achieved with chemicals like Tops MZ, Maxim MZ, and
Moncoat MZ. These chemicals protect not only against dry rot, but also against other potato diseases like
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Tubers shouldn't be harvested until their skins have set and their internal temperature is greater than 50 degrees
Fahrenheit. These measures minimize the risk of harvest injury, which could give the
217:. However, humans are very good at transmitting the pathogen through the creation of cull piles, agricultural equipment, or warehouse storage where temperatures and moisture are ideal for growth.
237:, was a common and efficacious method used from 1970 to 1985. Eventually, however, the pathogen developed resistance to the chemical treatment, and while some people still use
257:. These chemical treatments can delay emergence of the young plants, but this doesn't mean these chemicals shouldn't be used. Many fungicides, including
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is an intriguing concept, but currently nothing is available commercially. Researchers at
Michigan State University are investigating the efficacy of
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50:
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Temperatures preferred for growth and spread are above 50F. There are currently no listed vectors known to carry and transmit
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is a soil borne pathogen, if there is sufficient wounding to the tubers, it may infiltrate that way. Because of the way this
69:(masses of vegetative fungal tissue) and very colorful spores that can be blue, black, purple, grey, white, yellow, or pink.
473:
Dry Rot of Potato." Vegetable MD Online. Department of Plant
Pathology, Cornell University, Aug. 1993. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.
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losses can range from 6 to 25%. In
Michigan, over 50% of seed lots have reported having variable levels of dry rot.
272:, and the warmer temperature encourages potato tubers to heal any post-harvest wounds, minimizing the chance that
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Sadfi, N, M Cherif, I Fliss, A Boudabbous, and H Antoun. Evaluation of
Bacterial Isolates From Salty Soils and
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Dry Rot of Potato Tubers. Journal of Plant
Pathology 83.2 (2001): 101-18. Google Scholar. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
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species spreads, it does not need to produce any above ground fruiting bodies. It is only necessary to form
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As the season progresses, rotted seed and sprouts leave behind sparse fields of smaller, weaker potatoes
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Tubers are stored over winter and in the spring, they are cut up so that each piece yields a new plant.
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During the spring, tubers are cut to create seeds for planting. This allows for increased spread.
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During later spring when the crop is planted, less than 50% of planted seed sprouts due to rot.
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519:(CIP). Major Potato Diseases, Insects, and Nematodes. CIP, Sept. 1996. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.
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requires higher moisture to grow and is not able to when conditions are only periodic.
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may be more prevalent in different areas. Michigan is currently having trouble with
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During late summer harvest, damage is caused to the newly grown tubers allowing for
494:
Dry Rot." Potato
Diseases. Michigan State University, May 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.
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567:
Dry Rot." Major Potato
Diseases, Insects, and Nematodes. N.p., 29 Mar. 2005. Web.
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261:, work best when they are applied to tubers before they are cut into seed pieces.
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154:"Seeds" are then put in storage before planting and disease continues to spread.
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https://www.vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Potato_Fusarium.htm
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http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/sallymiller/extension/factsheets/fuspotato.pdf
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late in the season or remain in the tubers to infect in the following season.
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Scientists in Tunisia have found that several bacterial species of the genus
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540:"Characteristics of Commonly Encountered Fungal Genera: MOLD SERVICES GROUP"
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In the fall, tubers are put into storage with ideal growing conditions for
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species are asexual but some do have a sexual stage. The sexual stage for
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Warton, Phillip, Ray Hammerschmidt, and William Kirk. "Potato Diseases:
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can be found in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Montana.
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wind and sunlight before they are planted, to prevent dehydration.
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Warmer climates are preferred. However; different species of
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Potatoes that were not infected can still cause a problem as
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can be seen on an infected potato, and include white or pink
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Overwinters in/on infected and healthy tubers in warehouse.
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http://wiki.bugwood.org/uploads/FusariumDryRot-Potato.pdf
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can help control dry rot when applied to older cultures.
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to spread and allow for opportunistic species to infect.
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Dry Rot and Seed Piece Decay of Potato. Retrieved from
87:. There are thirteen known dry rotting species of
590:http://sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0201/020104.pdf
109:but little is known about it other than it is an
264:Cultural practices can also limit the spread of
521:http://cipotato.org/publications/pdf/002408.pdf
95:causes the most problems in the United States.
29:diseases. It is caused by fungi in the genus
8:
279:Sanitation is very important in controlling
599:
597:
450:Rowe, R.C., Miller, S.A, & Riedel R.M.
423:. Michigan State University. Archived from
340:, can reduce the amount of rot seen due to
241:, it is no longer an effective treatment.
563:Schwartz, Howard F., and David H. Gent. "
496:http://www.potatodiseases.org/dryrot.html
486:
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57:The genus that causes dry rot of potato,
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336:, commonly found in the salty soils of
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469:Loria, Rosemary. "Vegetable Crops:
171:and rest in the soil and on tubers.
294:pathogen entrance into the tuber.
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144:The general cycle is as follows:
51:post-harvest losses (vegetables)
584:Strains for the Biocontrol of
225:There are many ways to manage
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517:International Potato Center
276:will get inside the tuber.
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323:(a fungus) in controlling
25:is one of the most common
421:Michigan Potato Diseases
61:, is a fungus. Signs of
582:Bacillus thuringiensis
347:Bacillus thuringiensis
297:Biological control of
320:Trichoderma harzianum
16:Common potato disease
393:. Cornell University
106:Gibberella pulicaris
391:Vegetable MD Online
342:Fusarium sambucinum
215:Fusarium sambucinum
204:Fusarium sambucinum
200:Fusarium sambucinum
101:Fusarium sambucinum
93:Fusarium sambucinum
84:Fusarium sambucinum
77:The most prevalent
526:2013-10-21 at the
501:2010-07-07 at the
387:Dry Rot of Potato"
39:Hosts and symptoms
304:Bacillus subtilis
229:. Application of
49:is a devastating
47:dry rot of potato
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370:References
354:Importance
221:Management
178:to infect.
111:ascomycete
492:Fusarium
327:dry rot.
255:black dot
613:Category
586:Fusarium
565:Fusarium
524:Archived
499:Archived
471:Fusarium
452:Fusarium
417:Dry Rot"
415:Fusarium
385:Fusarium
333:Bacillus
325:Fusarium
315:bacteria
292:Fusarium
274:Fusarium
270:Fusarium
208:Fusarium
196:Fusarium
183:Fusarium
176:Fusarium
165:Fusarium
135:Fusarium
131:Fusarium
126:Fusarium
97:Fusarium
89:Fusarium
79:Fusarium
63:Fusarium
59:Fusarium
45:Fusarium
32:Fusarium
21:Fusarium
364:dry rot
359:Dry rot
338:Tunisia
299:dry rot
281:dry rot
266:dry rot
235:Mertect
227:dry rot
119:dry rot
67:mycelia
23:dry rot
317:) and
313:(both
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27:potato
433:2013
399:2013
307:and
91:but
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