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turning drab and dark colors. Occasionally, the displays result in physical combat if neither contender backs down. Panther chameleons are facultative thermoregulators, and therefore when in need to be warmed they bask in sunlight or in captivity, lamp light. Panther chameleons have a large thermoneutral zone, meaning they have a temperature range within which they do not actively try to modify their body temperature; therefore, they can allow their body temperature to drift from 24–36 degrees celsius during the daytime.
237:
478:, males are more vibrantly colored than the females. Another form of sexual dimorphism is in size, it has been concluded that males are much larger and heavier than females and therefore seen as a large sex difference in body size. Coloration varies with location, and the different color patterns of panther chameleons are commonly referred to as 'locales', which are named after the geographical location in which they are found. Panther chameleons from the areas of
518:. On each foot, the five toes are fused into a group of two and a group of three; these specialized feet allow the panther chameleon a tight grip on narrow branches. Each toe is equipped with a sharp claw to gain traction on surfaces such as bark when climbing. On the forelimbs, there are two toes on the outer (distal) side of each foot and three on the inside (medial). On the hind legs, the arrangement is reversed: two toes are fused medially and three distally.
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603:, or carrying eggs, females turn dark brown or black with orange striping to signify to males they have no intention of mating. Furthermore, females will become very defensive and may bite any advancing males. The exact coloration and pattern of gravid females varies depending on the color phase of the chameleon. This provides a way to distinguish between locales.
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panther chameleons are generally considered challenging to keep in captivity. Wild panther chameleons are a short lived species; few animals survive beyond a year of age in the wild. Captive animals may live longer than their wild counterparts; with good care females can live up to 3 years and males can live 5–7 years.
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Females usually only live two to three years after laying eggs (between five and eight clutches) because of the stress put on their bodies. Females can lay between 10 and 40 eggs per clutch, depending on the food and nutrient consumption during the period of development. Eggs typically hatch in 240
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yield primarily red specimens. Numerous other color phases and patterns occur between and within regions. Females generally remain tan and brown with hints of pink, peach, or bright orange, no matter where they are found, but there are slight differences in patterns and colors among the different
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The panther chameleon is very territorial; aside from mating, it spends the majority of its life in isolation. When two males come into contact, they will change color and inflate their bodies, attempting to assert their dominance. Often these battles end at this stage, with the loser retreating,
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The panther chameleon lives in regions of rainforest in the east and drier broken forest/savannah in the northwest. The original primary plant communities within their range has been degraded by human activity; panther chameleons appear to thrive in degraded habitat and are frequently found near
615:
This species is highly sought after for the international pet trade due to its coloration, large size, and readiness to breed in captivity. Panther chameleons are occasionally kept as pets due to their striking coloration. While they are easier to care for than many other species of chameleon,
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out of the mouth to capture prey, which is mostly terrestrial invertebrates and very rarely, plant material. Once the tip sticks to a prey item, it is drawn quickly back into the mouth, where the panther chameleon's strong jaws crush it and it is consumed.
1216:
Ferguson, Gary W.; Gehrmann, William H.; Chen, Tai C.; Holick, Michael F. (2005). "Vitamin D-content of the Eggs of the
Panther Chameleon Furcifer pardalis: its Relationship to UVB Exposure/vitamin D-condition of Mother, Incubation and Hatching Success".
678:
Jenkins, R.K.B.; Andreone, F.; Andriamazava, A.; Anjeriniaina, M.; Brady, L.; Glaw, F.; Griffiths, R.A.; Rabibisoa, N.; Rakotomalala, D.; Randrianantoandro, J.C.; Randrianiriana, J.; Randrianizahana, H.; Ratsoavina, F.; Robsomanitrandrasana, E. (2011).
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Ferguson, Gary W.; Gehrmann, William H.; Chen, Tai C.; Holick, Michael F. (1996). "Indoor husbandry of the panther chameleon
Chamaeleo pardalis: Effects of dietary vitamins A and D and ultraviolet irradiation on pathology and life-history traits".
1297:
Andreone, F.; Guarino, F.M.; Randrianirina, J.E. (2005). "Life history traits, age profile, and conservation of the panther chameleon, Furcifer pardalis (Cuvier 1829), at Nosy Be, NW Madagascar".
1025:
Andreone, F.; Guarino, F.M.; Randrianirina, J.E. (2005). "Life history traits, age profile, and conservation of the panther chameleon, Furcifer pardalis (Cuvier 1829), at Nosy Be, NW Madagascar".
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Dierenfeld, Ellen S.; Norkus, Edward B.; Carroll, Kathryn; Ferguson, Gary W. (27 June 2002). "Carotenoids, vitamin A, and vitamin E concentrations during egg development in panther chameleons (
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848:"WEC456/UW501: Florida's Introduced Reptiles: Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Oustalet's Chameleon (Furcifer oustaleti), and Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)"
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Panther chameleons are native to
Madagascar; this species is widespread in lowland areas of the eastern and northeastern sections of the country. Additionally, it has been
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Ferguson, Gary W.; Gehrmann, William H.; Karsten, Kristopher B. (January 2003). "Do panther chameleons bask to regulate endogenous vitamin D3 production?".
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Higham, Timothy E. & Anderson, Christopher V. (2014). "Function and adaptation of chameleons". In Tolley, Krystal A. & Herrel, Anthony (eds.).
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refers to the animals' markings, as it is Latin for "leopard" or "spotted like a panther". The
English word chameleon (also chamaeleon) derives from
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Panther chameleons grow 16-20" (40–51 cm) long, with females typically being smaller than males. In a form of
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Although currently regarded as a single relatively widespread and in color very variable species, evidence from
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Lizards: A Natural
History of Some Uncommon Creatures—Extraordinary Chameleons, Iguanas, Geckos, and More
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Grbic, D.; Saenko, S.V.; Randriamoria, T.M.; Debry, A.; Raselimanana, A.P.; Milinkovitch, M.C. (2015).
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968:"Phylogeography and support vector machine classification of colour variation in panther chameleons"
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The
Panther chameleon : color variation, natural history, conservation, and captive management
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Ferguson, Gary; James B. Murphy; Jean-Baptiste
Ramanamanjato & Achille P. Raselimanana (2004).
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and captive breeding indicates that it possibly should be split into several different species.
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The
Panther chameleon: color variation, natural history, conservation, and captive management
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Panther chameleons reach sexual maturity at a minimum age of seven months.
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<279::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-8
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Extraordinary
Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
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meaning "forked" and refers to the shape of the animal's feet. The
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Andreone, F.; Guarino, F. M. & Randrianirina, J. E. (2005).
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The panther chameleon was first described by French naturalist
1089:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 111–138.
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Like all chameleons, panther chameleons exhibit a specialized
1173:. Gary Ferguson. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Pub. Co. 2004.
1111:"Furcifer pardalis (English common name not available)"
871:
Le Berre, François & Richard D. Bartlett (2009).
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898:Padilla, Michael J. & Ioannis Miaoulis (2002).
726:"Synonyms of Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)"
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1064:. Krieger Publishing Company. pp. 54, 62–63.
1219:Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery
704:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T172955A6947909.en
490:are typically a vibrant blue, and those from
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1272:Badger, David & John Netherton (2006).
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785:(Cuvier 1829), at Nosy Be, NW Madagascar"
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568:roads, homes, and in plantations.
521:Panther chameleons have very long
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448:) "lion". The Greek word is a
1361:"Panther Chameleon Care Sheet"
1319:10.1080/03946975.2005.10531221
1276:. Voyageur Press. p. 71.
1047:10.1080/03946975.2005.10531221
809:10.1080/03946975.2005.10531221
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902:. Prentice Hall. p. 30.
756:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1747:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
444:) "on the ground" and λÎων (
363:. Additionally, it has been
1732:Endemic fauna of Madagascar
1138:. Greenwood Press. p.
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1742:Reptiles described in 1829
926:. Dictionary.reference.com
758:. Accessed 17 August 2021.
375:, as well as the state of
1087:The Biology of Chameleons
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947:. Mongabay. 26 May 2015
900:From bacteria to plants
559:through the pet trade.
1737:Reptiles of Madagascar
1201:: CS1 maint: others (
874:The Chameleon Handbook
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405:) is derived from the
697:: e.T172955A6947909.
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428:, a borrowing of the
286:Chamaeleon longicauda
1130:Piper, Ross (2007).
1116:Animal Diversity Web
730:Encyclopedia of Life
572:Behavior and ecology
326:Chamaeleon guentheri
294:Chamaeleon axillaris
1336:"Panther Chameleon"
1311:2005TrZoo..18..209A
1039:2005TrZoo..18..209A
984:2015MolEc..24.3455G
801:2005TrZoo..18..209A
516:arrangement of toes
318:Chamaeleon pardalis
278:Chamaeleo guentheri
270:Cyneosaura pardalis
70:Conservation status
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348:) is a species of
302:Chamaeleon krempfi
254:Chamaeleo pardalis
35:Panther chameleon
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1658:Open Tree of Life
1533:furcifer-pardalis
1520:Furcifer_pardalis
1506:Furcifer pardalis
1476:Furcifer pardalis
1468:Taxon identifiers
1443:10.1002/zoo.10039
1427:Furcifer pardalis
1283:978-0-7603-2579-7
1071:978-1-57524-194-4
993:10.1111/mec.13241
978:(13): 3455–3466.
972:Molecular Ecology
909:978-0-13-054059-1
884:978-0-7641-4142-3
852:edis.ifas.ufl.edu
783:Furcifer pardalis
751:Furcifer pardalis
683:Furcifer pardalis
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1580:iNaturalist
1500:Wikispecies
1431:Zoo Biology
1247:Zoo Biology
1225:(4): 9–13.
735:24 December
496:Antsiranana
470:Description
457:nēš qaqqari
432:χαμαιλÎων (
379:within the
329:Werner 1911
321:Werner 1911
297:Werner 1899
265:Lesson 1832
257:Cuvier 1829
1716:Categories
1370:2022-01-18
1365:ReptiFiles
1345:2022-05-12
951:26 October
930:2013-12-17
857:2023-07-10
830:2014-04-17
654:References
545:introduced
440:of χαμαί (
434:khamailéōn
365:introduced
354:Madagascar
163:Suborder:
1197:cite book
710:17 August
553:Mauritius
426:chamaeleĹŤ
373:Mauritius
350:chameleon
273:Gray 1865
195:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
1727:Furcifer
1684:Species+
1676:pardalis
1598:10354817
1485:Wikidata
1418:32215833
1410:12695986
1189:52418030
1012:26011002
817:73679094
645:Female,
508:Tamatave
492:Ambilobe
464:genetics
454:Akkadian
438:compound
419:pardalis
415:specific
402:Furcifer
387:Taxonomy
245:Synonyms
188:Furcifer
173:Family:
157:Squamata
147:Reptilia
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
1572:5221988
1559:1056895
1491:Q838578
1307:Bibcode
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980:Bibcode
797:Bibcode
754:at the
620:Gallery
563:Habitat
557:Florida
549:RĂ©union
523:tongues
500:Sambava
488:Ambanja
480:Nosy Be
397:generic
377:Florida
369:RĂ©union
229:, 1829)
183:Genus:
167:Iguania
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
63:Female
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484:Ankify
450:calque
442:khamaĂ
399:name (
227:Cuvier
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813:S2CID
599:When
539:Range
436:), a
423:Latin
417:name
411:furci
409:root
407:Latin
361:biome
356:in a
49:Male
1689:3293
1632:NCBI
1619:IUCN
1606:ITIS
1567:GBIF
1429:)".
1406:PMID
1278:ISBN
1203:link
1185:OCLC
1175:ISBN
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1008:PMID
953:2023
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737:2013
712:2021
695:2011
633:Male
551:and
506:and
446:léōn
371:and
338:The
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