1795:
227:
clothing-style was understood as a form of social confusion in the way one dresses himself; for example, being dressed against what was prescribed by the rules and regulations and therefore having no consideration in the distinction between the higher and lower status; or wearing clothing-style which
139:
which was employed to refer to any garment items or clothing-style which was considered as being "strange clothing style" or "deviant dressing styles", or "aberrance in clothing" when compared to what was considered appropriate in the traditional
Chinese clothing,
217:
Those whose appearance is not respectful are insufficiently solemn, their arrogance is their culpability, frequent floods are their punishment, for in its extreme this is evil, and then fuyao occurs.
473:, both officials and scholars lamented that there was an increasing consumption of silk among the members of the lower status, such as actors, courtesans, servants, which was thus considered a
266:(Fuyao) is commonly considered 'evil.' It is caused by people's minds; the evil of clothing the depravity of people's minds. It begins from the hats and shoes, the jackets and collars.
713:
843:
299:
When customs are dissolute and disrespectful, then rituals change and political upheaval easily occurs, thus the wearing of strange and frivolous dress creates fuyao.
313:
could also refer to clothing of living people which had adopted mixed elements from the mourning attire even when there was the absence a close deceased relative.
644:
706:
376:
could sometimes be used to position a garment or style which popular but contrasting to the traditional style. They could also be associated to
699:
1824:
672:
620:
554:
195:
form of clothing was based on the seasons, occasions, and more importantly the wearer's identity, including social status. The concept of
1839:
281:
fashion could also be perceived as being inauspicious as it was associated with political upheaval; this can be found in the
1849:
863:
848:
1834:
904:
159:
584:
Dressing the state, dressing the society : ritual, morality, and conspicuous consumption in Ming
Dynasty China
1844:
745:
737:
1342:
1337:
1297:
388:'contemporary style'), which referred to garment items which experienced fast changes in styles.
868:
209:
1739:
771:
1760:
1525:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
853:
838:
638:
358:
1780:
1646:
1494:
1160:
873:
678:
668:
626:
616:
588:
560:
550:
479:
fashion since this behaviour went against the
Confucians virtues of frugality and simplicity.
1829:
1479:
1389:
1028:
951:
833:
776:
766:
110:
59:
36:
349:
which was mixed non-Chinese fashion was associated with the foretelling of ominous events:
1604:
1410:
1306:
1231:
1226:
1175:
1094:
858:
750:
612:
Visionary journeys : travel writings from early medieval and nineteenth-century China
192:
1819:
1755:
1535:
1466:
1013:
914:
154:
has appeared since the second century BC and its theoretical basis is derived from the
168:
clothing was often associated with political and ecological upheaval. This concept of
1813:
1798:
1283:
1252:
988:
983:
812:
228:
shows transgression in gender and/or sexuality norms. This was also attested in the
148:, system. It was also associated with fast changes in fashion styles. The concept of
1431:
1165:
1119:
909:
889:
691:
470:
414:
246:
Clothing that is inappropriate to one's status will bring disaster to one's person.
175:
155:
66:
327:
was also used to invoke garment and apparel which blurred the distinction between
256:
fashion continued to be discussed and be condemned; it also appears in the poem,
1484:
1452:
1363:
1180:
1069:
291:
284:
238:
136:
357:, so why is your cap so sharply pointed? You are not in battle, so why is your
1687:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1447:
1170:
1114:
564:
630:
592:
1474:
1267:
1262:
1195:
1079:
828:
682:
231:
1620:
546:
A fashionable century : textile artistry and commerce in the late Qing
610:
1671:
1666:
1368:
1319:
1314:
1236:
1200:
1074:
1018:
930:
662:
444:
1530:
1394:
1205:
998:
946:
354:
544:
16:
Ancient
Chinese concept related to fashion with a negative connotation
1734:
1729:
1724:
1588:
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1509:
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1185:
1155:
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1140:
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118:
295:》, a source which was most cited in the Qing dynasty, which stated:
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338:
143:
132:
1551:
1023:
899:
807:
330:
695:
406:
Form of clothing violates ritual norms and clothing regulations
1257:
396:
Fashion or clothing-style which were characterized as being
262:《The Bell of Qing Poetry》, written in 1869 by Xia Zhisheng:
844:
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list)
317:
Blurred distinction between
Chinese and non-Chinese fashion
664:
Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation
343:. Xia Zhisheng of the Qing dynasty also explained that
409:
Form of clothing which were extravagant and luxurious,
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141:
103:
71:
587:. UMI Dissertation services. pp. 174–175, 187.
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1748:
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1613:
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1565:
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1465:
1440:
1424:
1403:
1382:
1351:
1328:
1305:
1296:
1276:
1245:
1214:
1128:
1042:
971:
964:
939:
923:
882:
821:
785:
759:
736:
729:
304:
Garment of living people mixed with mourning attire
88:
83:
65:
58:
53:
35:
30:
21:
459:as it went against the order of Heaven and Earth.
201:has appeared since the second century BC in the
361:so short? These things foretell ominous events.
351:
297:
264:
244:
215:
538:
536:
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532:
530:
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707:
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402:typically had the following characteristics:
41:
8:
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1714:
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1302:
968:
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643:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
421:Strange and inauspicious form of clothing.
50:
656:
654:
213:》and already had a negative connotation:
191:In ancient China, what was considered an
187:Evil connotation, disaster, and bad omens
449:was introduced in the Ming dynasty from
667:. New York: Columbia University Press.
576:
574:
504:
636:
604:
602:
18:
7:
412:Form of clothing which violated the
221:In ancient China, being dressed in
549:. University of Washington Press.
14:
883:Belief system and social movement
174:continued to be used even in the
1793:
723:Traditional Han Chinese clothing
615:. Cambridge, Mass. p. 185.
123:
72:
42:
1:
1825:Chinese traditional clothing
864:Chinese ornamental gold silk
822:Textile decoration and craft
543:Silberstein, Rachel (2020).
1642:Xiangnang (fragrant sachet)
905:Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)
738:Garment and neckline (list)
490:
475:
455:
443:
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203:
197:
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142:
127:), sometimes translated as
104:
1866:
250:Even in the Qing dynasty,
242:》where it is stated that:
131:in English, is an ancient
1789:
661:Finnane, Antonia (2008).
432:garment or dressing style
290:
237:
208:
158:principle as well as the
114:
96:
49:
26:
366:Fast changes in fashion
1840:Concepts in aesthetics
1343:Song official headwear
1338:Tang official headwear
1215:Inner and undergarment
609:Tian, Xiaofei (2011).
363:
301:
268:
248:
219:
129:Fortune and prosperity
92:Fortune and prosperity
182:Cultural significance
1718:Traditional clothing
581:Zujie, Yuan (2004).
453:; it was considered
162:. The appearance of
137:negative connotation
1850:History of clothing
1749:Performance costume
1740:Vietnamese clothing
1711:Influenced clothing
772:Chinese button knot
1835:Fashion aesthetics
1495:Accessories (list)
1277:Religious clothing
854:Lishui (sea-waves)
839:Chinese embroidery
271:Political upheaval
1807:
1806:
1769:
1768:
1706:
1705:
1657:Yufu (fish tally)
1647:Hu (ritual baton)
1614:Ribbons and knots
1461:
1460:
1292:
1291:
960:
959:
874:Chinese patchwork
798:Shangjian xiafeng
674:978-0-231-14350-9
622:978-1-68417-062-3
556:978-0-295-74719-4
386:
100:
99:
79:
78:
60:Standard Mandarin
1857:
1797:
1796:
1715:
1662:Yudai (fish bag)
1500:
1480:Tiger-head shoes
1303:
1029:Zaju chuishao fu
969:
952:Ji Li (ceremony)
834:Chinese knotting
734:
716:
709:
702:
693:
687:
686:
658:
649:
648:
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634:
606:
597:
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478:
469:In the mid-late
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401:
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375:
348:
342:
334:
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312:
294:
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204:Shangshu dazhuan
200:
173:
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147:
125:
116:
107:
75:
74:
51:
45:
44:
19:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1845:Cultural trends
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1785:
1765:
1744:
1702:
1676:
1625:
1609:
1593:
1577:
1561:
1540:
1514:
1489:
1467:Footwear (list)
1457:
1436:
1420:
1411:Chinese hairpin
1399:
1378:
1347:
1324:
1298:Headwear (list)
1288:
1272:
1241:
1210:
1176:Panling Lanshan
1124:
1038:
956:
940:Related rituals
935:
919:
878:
859:Mandarin square
817:
781:
755:
751:Mandarin collar
746:Jiaoling youren
730:Characteristics
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572:
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541:
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392:Characteristics
368:
321:The concept of
319:
306:
273:
189:
184:
135:concept with a
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1695:
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1688:Longevity lock
1684:
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1563:
1562:
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1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1536:Fangxingquling
1533:
1528:
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1516:
1515:
1513:
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1506:
1504:
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1274:
1273:
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1260:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Tongtianguanfu
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
966:
962:
961:
958:
957:
955:
954:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:
934:
933:
927:
925:
924:Sumptuary laws
921:
920:
918:
917:
915:Hanfu movement
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
884:
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
819:
818:
816:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
769:
763:
761:
757:
756:
754:
753:
748:
742:
740:
731:
727:
726:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
689:
688:
673:
650:
621:
598:
570:
555:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
485:
482:
481:
480:
465:
462:
461:
460:
438:
435:
433:
424:
423:
422:
419:
418:principle, and
410:
407:
393:
390:
367:
364:
353:You are not a
318:
315:
305:
302:
272:
269:
188:
185:
183:
180:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
69:
63:
62:
56:
55:
54:Transcriptions
47:
46:
39:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1799:List of Hanfu
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1284:Daojiao fushi
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:Lower garment
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:Upper garment
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Qixiong ruqun
987:
985:
984:Tanling ruqun
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:Set of attire
970:
967:
963:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
938:
932:
929:
928:
926:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
820:
814:
813:List of hanfu
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
762:
758:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
739:
735:
732:
728:
724:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
694:
684:
680:
676:
670:
666:
665:
657:
655:
651:
646:
640:
632:
628:
624:
618:
614:
613:
605:
603:
599:
594:
590:
586:
585:
577:
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84:English name
67:Hanyu Pinyin
31:Chinese name
1667:Folding fan
1485:Lotus shoes
1166:Yuanlingpao
793:Baoyi bodai
193:appropriate
1814:Categories
1652:Fu (tally)
1448:Honggaitou
1171:Fanlingpao
1115:Shuitianyi
565:1121420666
500:References
1774:Cosmetics
1681:Jewellery
1545:Shoulders
1475:Xiuhuaxie
1268:Mamianqun
1263:Baidiequn
1080:Daxiushan
760:Fastening
639:cite book
631:956317841
593:491286822
370:The term
232:Zuo Zhuan
1761:Guzhuang
1672:Tuanshan
1630:Portable
1369:Liangmao
1320:Fengguan
1315:Mianguan
1237:Maweiqun
1075:Baijiayi
1070:Chang'ao
1019:Xuanduan
965:Garments
931:Tifayifu
869:Goldwork
849:Xiangyun
683:84903948
484:See also
445:Maweiqun
426:List of
275:Wearing
1830:Fashion
1781:Huadian
1531:Yunjian
1526:Yingluo
1404:Hairpin
1395:Wangjin
1232:Moxiong
1206:Feiyufu
1181:Longpao
1110:Hechang
999:Xiuhefu
947:Guan Li
829:Diancui
777:Zimukou
379:shiyang
285:Han Shu
133:Chinese
111:Chinese
89:English
37:Chinese
1735:Ryusou
1730:Hanbok
1725:Kimono
1621:Lào zi
1589:Yaoqun
1557:Xiapei
1510:Lingzi
1374:Weimao
1201:Zhisun
1186:Mangfu
1161:Zhiduo
1156:Daopao
1136:Shenyi
1105:Pifeng
1034:Shanku
1009:Bianfu
1004:Mianfu
994:Qungua
895:Taoism
786:Styles
767:Pankou
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451:Joseon
359:jacket
355:Uighur
160:Wuxing
121::
119:pinyin
113::
1820:Hanfu
1698:Jinbu
1693:Yupei
1637:Hebao
1582:Waist
1573:Yajin
1566:Chest
1432:Shubi
1416:Buyao
1390:Fujin
1364:Damao
1359:Humao
1330:Futou
1222:Dudou
1191:Tieli
1151:Paofu
1141:Zhiju
1100:Beizi
1090:Banbi
1085:Bijia
979:Ruqun
803:Fuyao
492:Hanfu
476:fuyao
456:fuyao
429:fuyao
399:fuyao
373:fuyao
346:fuyao
339:Hanfu
324:fuyao
310:Fuyao
278:fuyao
253:fuyao
224:fuyao
198:fuyao
171:fuyao
165:fuyao
151:fuyao
144:Hanfu
124:fúyào
105:Fuyao
73:fúyāo
22:Fuyao
1756:Xifu
1605:Bixi
1552:Pibo
1519:Neck
1503:Head
1453:Mili
1441:Veil
1425:Comb
1307:Guan
1227:Hezi
1196:Yesa
1146:Quju
1129:Robe
1095:Dahu
1060:Shan
1024:Diyi
900:Wufu
808:Hufu
679:OCLC
669:ISBN
645:link
627:OCLC
617:ISBN
589:OCLC
561:OCLC
551:ISBN
385:lit.
335:and
331:Hufu
210:尚書大傳
1598:Lap
1383:Jin
1352:Mao
1258:Qun
1816::
1253:Ku
1065:Ao
1055:Yi
1050:Ru
677:.
653:^
641:}}
637:{{
625:.
601:^
573:^
559:.
507:^
292:漢書
239:左傳
178:.
117:;
115:福耀
43:福耀
715:e
708:t
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382:(
289:《
236:《
207:《
109:(
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