Knowledge (XXG)

FE-Schrift

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1447: 1471: 1399: 1699: 1339: 1783: 1855: 1663: 1639: 1375: 1279: 1351: 2011: 1999: 1459: 1483: 1567: 1411: 1687: 1651: 1387: 1291: 1579: 1435: 1603: 1879: 1987: 1423: 1303: 1975: 1759: 1735: 1867: 1723: 1543: 1711: 1915: 1903: 1555: 1507: 1831: 1495: 1519: 1843: 1963: 1951: 1795: 639:, which had also developed the retroreflective plates for Germany, and which was able to deliver the embossing machines for plates with FE-Schrift as they were already in mass production for the national market in 1994/95. In South Africa the empty license plates had been delivered with a special certification mark from the beginning, which would tell if a plate is authorized for embossing by licensed plate makers (today the certification mark contains a 1363: 1627: 1591: 1747: 1927: 1819: 1615: 1327: 1891: 1531: 1939: 1807: 1771: 1315: 1675: 657: 710: 114: 33: 628:. The design also includes a blue strip above the registration code with the Mercosur emblem in the left upper corner, the national flag of the member state in the right upper corner, and the country name printed in the center. It was agreed to introduce the Mercosur design by 2016. The actual introduction was delayed until 2018. 643:). In other regions the car owner will get a third "license plate mark" being a sticker for the front window that can not be removed non-destructively and where the sticker does also contain all the license plate information (some of latest variants even integrate an RFID chip containing the information). 235:
font—it was particularly easy to modify letters by applying a small amount of black paint or tape. For example, it was easy to change a "P" to an "R" or "B", a "3" to an "8", or an "L" or "F" to an "E". Modifications to FE-font plates are somewhat more difficult, as they also require the use of white
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or using a derivative variant. Taking over the original design, including the Euro license plate format, is generally cost effective – while in many countries the car license plates are produced by the state it is not the case in Germany. In Germany the car owner has to pay for a new license plate
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Another motivation for the new typeface came from a spike in the theft rate of license plates in the early 1970s. And despite the requirement to hinder falsification, the scope document did list that point only in the second place. The first priority was a requirement for readability by humans and
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there was again a spike in the theft rate of license plates, including cars being stolen and moved to Eastern Europe. Again there was a motivation to prevent that with new regulations on license plates. In the new process the officials found the FE-Schrift which was fully developed and a perfect
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as these occur in German county codes at the start of the license plate number. The narrow font allows nine characters to be put on a standard Euro license plate — shorter numbers are supposed to be printed with larger spaces between characters as to fill the available space on the plate.
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Artikel 13 (e) Euro-Kennzeichen spätestens ab dem 1. November 2000 anzuwenden, die mit einem neuen Kennzeichen ausgerüstet werden. Kennzeichen in der vor diesem Termin geltenden Fassung gelten weiter. (f) Die Übergangsvorschrift §60 Abs. 1b (Einführung des Euro-Kennzeichens) wird
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on the car when roaming to other countries which constitutes an advantage to citizens. Shortly later the option to be issued an old (non-Euro) license plate design were dropped on 1 November 2000 and the legislation dropped the older typeface for license plates alongside. The
259:(Federal Highway Institute of Germany) at the time. The typeface was slightly modified according to the results of tests that lasted from 1978 to 1980 at the University of Giessen (Department of Physiology and Cybernetic Psychology). For example, the initial 605:
as present in the European Union flag. The usage of stars is however completely optional, even after becoming a full member. The license plates may not need to be changed to be valid but new license plates may be issued with that hint to the EU membership.
321:. The RAF terrorism however allowed to fund a project over a couple of years — running from the functional scope document being created in 1977 to the final decision of 1982 to not introduce the design on license plates. It ended up in the drawer. 613:
South American trade bloc agreed to introduce a common design for license plates. The size of the license plates is similar to the EU license plates but only 40 centimetres (16 in) wide on a regular basis. The design uses the narrow script
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Some of the federal states in the eastern part of Germany introduced the new design during 1994 in anticipation of the national resolution. In January 1995 it was introduced nationwide by a federal law that came to include the
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to lift borders during 1995. With the extension of the Schengen zone in 1998 the new license plate design found EU-wide acceptance (even for non-Schengen countries) thereby lifting the older requirement of adding an extra
167:. Its monospaced letters and numbers are slightly disproportionate to prevent easy modification and to improve machine readability. The typeface was developed in Germany, where it has been mandatory since November 2000. 593:
offices several small shops compete to press a license plate on the spot – their printing machines are highly standardized and the German license plate design is tailored to allow for cheap production in high quality.
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is mandatory in Germany since that time although older license plates continue to be valid. There is an exception for historic cars to get a new license plate in the DIN typeface, and the
518:, 'Federal Highway Research Institute'). Digital variants have never been published by them but there exist third party digitizations for free download, for example the font "Euro Plate". 2393: 1069: 1177: 727: 2478: 620:
FE-Schrift design to show the registration code with 7 elements. The FE-Schrift was found to perform better against alteration and falsification in comparison to the Brazilian
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as well. The new license plate design is mandatory for Uruguay since 2011. Uruguay selected the blue strip of the Mercosur design in March 2015 for new license plates.
766: 835:— the old numbering scheme with three digits was exhausted in 2001 leading to a new scheme in 2002 in Montevideo which included four digits and came to use the 1374: 1782: 1662: 1155: 1123: 760: 625: 736:
typeface. The new design (dropping the national crest from the old Euro-style license plates as it was used since 1998) is more similar to the Euro license plate
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which gets a license stamp to be valid on the road (the round stamp is placed between county code and the local registration code). In the vicinity of the
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typeface. The series "PBF" (top row) is modified to read "R3E" (middle row, in red). The correct appearance of the series "R3E" is shown in the bottom row.
285:) could be mistaken for an 8, so Hoefer replaced it by a design with a reduced white slash in the upper right corner. Whilst the DIN typeface was using a 2518: 1290: 1256: 1252: 959: 532:
was finished in 1980 the pressure for its adoption had lessened already. Its distribution was furthered by another event being the introduction of the
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is permissible where registration plates are owner provided, under their prescribed design regulations. Such plates were allowed in India until 2019.
1047: 1020: 994: 923: 821: 809: 2107: 1147: 1141: 1081: 1057: 871: 844: 1264: 1221: 1183: 1159: 1117: 1111: 1037: 947: 941: 935: 899: 850: 2456: 2368: 1482: 1458: 1434: 130: 2139: 2032: 1386: 1248: 1236: 1165: 1087: 1032: 989: 977: 893: 832: 815: 794: 721: 868:— since April 2017 it is allowed to get Mercosur-style license plates as they were defined 2014 in order to ease goods traffic with Peru 2397: 1260: 1244: 1093: 1075: 999: 983: 953: 929: 911: 856: 772: 748: 533: 2504: 2151: 2554: 1578: 1213: 1189: 1135: 1129: 1105: 1026: 1014: 1009: 1004: 739: 1410: 209:). Other countries have later introduced the same or a derived typeface for license plates taking advantage of the proven design for the 2438: 1171: 1099: 965: 782: 1986: 2187: 1566: 803: 542: 696: 2083: 1650: 1542: 1494: 1686: 917: 561: 1422: 2318: 1830: 1602: 1212:
as an alternative to the standard typeface especially in combination with a Euro-style license plate. Some license plates in
678: 1734: 1554: 1518: 791:. The reasoning is to lower the cost while increasing the quality of the plates with the change to be completed by May 2016. 1722: 874:— with introduction date in the former Mercosur member state being unknown (Mercosur membership suspended since 2016) 775:— for tractors and tractor trailers only. On passenger car, car trailer, and motorcycle plates, they continue to use 2549: 2544: 1878: 1302: 310: 1710: 1758: 2270: 1866: 674: 1902: 1974: 1914: 1506: 785:— resolved a law on a new license plate scheme in 2013 which opted for the Euro license plate format and the 667: 631:
The early adoption in Africa is based on proposals against falsified and stolen license plates made by the German
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The final publication in German law for the usage on license plates includes three variants – normal script (
1806: 1362: 1144:— since August 2019 for personalized plates and November 2022 for regular plates (except motorcycles) 2559: 2117: 1590: 860: 2123: 1746: 1626: 885:— the numbering scheme and license plate design were changed in 1994 which did also introduce the 555:
as well as it had been in the planning since the 1970s. The shift in legislation matches with the first
469: 2152:"Verordnung über die Zulassung von Fahrzeugen zum Straßenverkehr (Fahrzeug-Zulassungsverordnung - FZV)" 1926: 2127: 1890: 1614: 2027: 1326: 896:— since 1994, following South African style but with new registration codes that start with "N" 621: 590: 853:— was scheduled to use the Mercosur design for new cars by 2016, but delayed the start to 2019 1938: 2238:"Zweiunddreißigste Verordnung zur Änderung straßenverkehrsrechtlicher Vorschriften (32. ÄndVstVR)" 2237: 2214:"Einunddzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung straßenverkehrsrechtlicher Vorschriften (21. ÄndVstVR)" 2213: 1770: 601:
even before becoming full members. The main difference is that EU registrations plates may bear a
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Other countries have begun to introduce a forgery-impeding script as well, either taking over the
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Common design of Mercosur countries with the country name in a blue strip above the number:
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when it was discovered that with the then-standard font for vehicle registration plates—the
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Yemen — Aden (US model; 335 mm × 170 mm (15 in × 5 in))
2004:
Yemen — Aden (EU model; 520 mm × 110 mm (20 in × 5 in))
742:— since 2004, the Euro-style license plate design was introduced in 1995 without the 2169: 1228:
using a special design of vanity plates. In other countries, such as Algeria and Ireland,
602: 296: 237: 506:('font for license plates') with the latter to be used for requesting templates from the 299:(with different spacing for letters and numbers) for improved machine readability. Faked 2087: 2053:
Schrift für Kfz-Kennzeichen. Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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The motivation for the creation of the typeface arose in the late 1970s in the light of
129: 730:— in 2009 the new Euro-style license plate design was introduced along with the 2538: 1126:— since February 2018 for regular plates and since 2010 for personalized plates 556: 164: 2326: 309:
machines as the decade was the same that saw the development of other typefaces for
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Some countries have developed a typeface for license plates with similar features:
709: 537: 330:) with 75 mm high and 47.5 mm wide letters and 44.5 mm wide digits ( 260: 64: 718:
On Euro-style license plates with the country code in a blue section on the left:
197: 656: 378:) with 75 mm high and 40.5 mm wide letters and 38.5 wide digits ( 52: 488:('vehicle admission ordinance'). In section 2.1 it shows three names for it as 426:) with 49 mm high and 31 mm wide letters and 29 mm wide digits ( 2348: 2298: 2284: 574: 45: 32: 2369:"Mercosur finally agrees: unified number plates for new cars beginning 2016" 224: 2453:"Bolivia dispone placas internacionales para vehículos de carga hacia Perú" 579:
armed forces continue to generally issue their plates in the DIN typeface.
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countries with a region code section along with the country name and flag
776: 634: 610: 232: 160: 40: 2505:"Nueva patente vehicular tendrá tipografía especial para evitar fraudes" 859:— using the Mercosur design since September 2018, first state was 713:
Variant of the FE-Schrift as used on Hungarian license plates since 2022
2439:"Special vehicles license plates of Latvia / Номера спецтехники Латвии" 2353: 962:— probably since 2007, initially only used on government vehicles 865: 681: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 640: 113: 2523: 2112: 1197: 2286:
Maschinen und Werkzeuge zur Herstellung von gepägten Kfz-Kennzeichen
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Specifically in Europe some countries started to adopt the style of
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The abbreviation "FE" is derived from the compound German adjective
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letters (e.g., "P" to "R") appear conspicuously disproportionate.
128: 1192:— since 2018 for alphanumeric used on newer plates (except 133:
A demonstration of attempted alteration of characters set in the
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Machines and tools for the assembly of automobile number plates
926:— probably around 2000, registration codes start with "M" 650: 902:— started to introduce a new design in the 1990s using 545:
technology that had developed to a usable state at the time.
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paint, which is easily distinguished at a distance from the
112: 2394:"Number plates in South Africa – what you can and can't do" 2323:
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (Buenos Aires)
2084:"The German EU Numberplates: A Typographic Road Accident?" 2519:"Polri Ubah Jenis Huruf dan Angka pada Plat Nomor Cantik" 2455:(in Spanish). infobae.com. 6 April 2017. Archived from 724:— introduced in 1995 and are mandatory since 2000 240:
white background of the plate, in particular at night.
956:— since 2007, registration codes start with "R" 914:— since 1999, registration codes start with "U" 270: 2479:"South Sudan to have unified number plates for cars" 2086:. 'Usefuldesign' by Fabrizio Schiavi. Archived from 1132:— implemented since 2017 and fully since 2020 1060:— since August 2000, with a variation of the 93: 85: 77: 63: 51: 39: 276: 2289:(in German). Autoschilder Sievers. 10 May 2014. 2221:Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 1995 Teil I Nr.1 2319:"Nueva patente para los vehículos del Mercosur" 2101: 2099: 2097: 1150:— personalised "Euro-style plates" used 159:('forgery-impeding typeface') is a sans serif 8: 2249: 2245:Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2000 Teil I Nr.34 2051: 1207: 1061: 903: 886: 847:— using the Mercosur design since 2016 836: 786: 731: 632: 615: 583: 572: 566: 550: 527: 513: 507: 501: 495: 489: 483: 477: 421: 373: 325: 300: 290: 254: 244: 210: 190: 184: 171: 153: 145: 134: 103: 97: 69: 22: 21: 16:Typeface designed for vehicle licence plates 2264: 2262: 2170:"Euro Plate Font: Nummernschild-Schriftart" 1114:— since 2016 for diplomatic cars only 205:' in German (cognate with the English word 31: 2349:"Mercosur to have unified license plates" 2271:"Kuba modernisiert seine Kfz-Kennzeichen" 1356:Australia — Victoria (vanity plate) 1078:— probably since 2007, numbers only 1072:— probably since 2006, numbers only 938:— probably since 2002, numbers only 697:Learn how and when to remove this message 599:registration plates of the European Union 269: 2063: 2061: 2044: 1274: 468: in). The legal typeface includes 2307:from the original on 19 December 2021. 2293:from the original on 19 December 2021. 2140:Vehicle registration plates of Germany 2033:Vehicle registration plates of Germany 20: 2303:. Autoschilder Sievers. 12 May 2014. 2069:"FZV (Fahrzeug-Zulassungsverordnung)" 1070:Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates 7: 1200:-controlled areas in northern Yemen) 679:adding citations to reliable sources 908:, registration codes start with "T" 609:In October 2014 the members of the 476:The German law defines the font in 2527:(in Indonesian). 2 September 2019. 1296:Akrotiri and Dhekelia (since 2014) 543:automatic number-plate recognition 271: 14: 2106:Benjamin Tiven (23 August 2014). 624:script as shown in a test at the 2225:Einführung des Euro-Kennzeichens 2108:"Fälschungserschwerende Schrift" 2082:Susanne Schaller (14 May 2002). 2009: 1997: 1985: 1973: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1901: 1889: 1877: 1865: 1853: 1841: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1781: 1769: 1757: 1745: 1733: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1685: 1673: 1661: 1649: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1601: 1589: 1577: 1565: 1553: 1541: 1529: 1517: 1505: 1493: 1481: 1469: 1457: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1409: 1397: 1385: 1373: 1361: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1277: 655: 2269:Marcel Kunzmann (22 May 2013). 666:needs additional citations for 189:('falsification') and the verb 2247:. 20 July 2000. p. 1093. 509:Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen 491:fälschungserschwerende Schrift 420: in) and a small script ( 256:Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen 155:Fälschungserschwerende Schrift 71:Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen 24:Fälschungserschwerende Schrift 1: 2419:Haupt, Heiko (4 April 2014). 2325:. August 2015. Archived from 1066:developed by a German company 311:optical character recognition 1500:Democratic Republic of Congo 1440:Northern Cyprus (since 2018) 485:Fahrzeugzulassungsverordnung 243:The original design for the 2555:Vehicle registration plates 2154:(in German). Archived from 1084:— probably since 2008 986:— probably since 2011 968:— probably since 2008 920:— probably since 1999 503:Schrift für Kfz-Kennzeichen 105:Schrift für Kfz-Kennzeichen 2578: 1216:have been issued using an 797:— since 1 April 2015 423:verkleinerte Mittelschrift 372: in), narrow script ( 277:{\displaystyle \emptyset } 2128:fall issue of the magazin 1206:Some countries allow the 769:— since 3 June 2013 751:— since 3 June 2013 633: 508: 122: 111: 30: 2126:/ and the layout in the 1267:(from 2004 until 2008). 980:— since April 2009 253:who was working for the 249:typeface was created by 1992:Gaza Strip (since 2021) 1154:issued by some states ( 536:. With the fall of the 2250: 2052: 1836:Guatemala (since 2020) 1548:Indonesia (since 2022) 1392:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1344:Argentina (since 2016) 1224:may be issued with an 1208: 1062: 904: 887: 837: 787: 732: 728:Bosnia and Herzegovina 714: 616: 584: 573: 567: 551: 528: 514: 502: 496: 490: 484: 482:('appendix 4') of the 478: 422: 374: 326: 301: 291: 278: 255: 245: 211: 196: 191: 185: 172: 163:introduced for use on 154: 146: 140: 135: 117: 104: 98: 70: 23: 1812:Paraguay (since 2019) 1524:Honduras (since 2018) 1220:style. In Australia, 879:Countries in Africa: 755:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 712: 279: 132: 116: 2550:Sans-serif typefaces 2545:Government typefaces 2158:on 18 December 2012. 2028:Mandatory (typeface) 1536:Hungary (since 2022) 1380:Bolivia (since 2016) 1284:Germany (since 1994) 675:improve this article 591:vehicle registration 268: 2459:on 29 November 2019 1428:Cyprus (since 2013) 1416:Brazil (since 2018) 1222:personalized plates 1108:— since 2014 183:combining the noun 27: 2507:. 31 January 2014. 2421:"Schlaue Schilder" 2223:. 6 January 1995. 1584:Nepal (since 2020) 1452:Chile (since 2014) 1186:— since 2020 1180:— since 2021 1174:— since 2022 1168:— since 2022 1138:— since 2019 1120:— since 2018 1102:— since 2010 1096:— since 2018 1090:— since 2010 1029:— Since 2019 1023:— Since 2018 1017:— Since 2022 974:— since 2009 950:— since 2006 944:— since 2005 932:— since 2000 824:— since 2016 818:— since 2014 812:— since 2009 763:— since 2018 757:— since 2014 715: 562:country code plate 534:Euro license plate 274: 141: 118: 2485:. 4 February 2016 2174:www.andyhoppe.com 2120:on 13 April 2019. 1824:Peru (since 2010) 1560:Iraq (since 2022) 1488:Cuba (since 2013) 1054:Other countries: 802:Common design in 707: 706: 699: 287:proportional font 284: 127: 126: 2567: 2529: 2528: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2400:on 13 April 2019 2396:. Archived from 2390: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2329:on 23 March 2018 2315: 2309: 2308: 2294: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2242: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2218: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2194:on 31 March 2018 2190:. Archived from 2184: 2178: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2121: 2116:. 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Index


Category
Sans-serif
Designer(s)
Karlgeorg Hoefer
Foundry


typeface
licence plates
Schrift
font
terrorism
Red Army Faction
DIN 1451
retroreflective
Karlgeorg Hoefer
slashed zero
proportional font
monospaced font
optical character recognition
OCR-A
OCR-B
umlaut vowels
Euro license plate
Iron Curtain
automatic number-plate recognition
Schengen zone
country code plate
Bundeswehr

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