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672:(WIC), founded in 1621. These factories provided for the exchange of products among European companies, local populations, and the colonies that often started as a factory with warehouses. Usually these factories had larger warehouses to fit the products resulting from the increasing agricultural development of colonies, which were boosted in the
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were well protected against the salty sea air and against deterioration. The factor was present as the representative of the trading partners in all matters, reporting to the headquarters and being responsible for the products’ logistics (proper storage and shipping). Information took a long time to
572:
Easily supplied and defended by sea, the factories worked as independent colonial bases. They provided safety, both for the
Portuguese, and at times for the territories in which they were built, protecting against constant rivalries and piracy. They allowed Portugal to dominate trade in the Atlantic
414:
Because foreigners were not allowed to buy land in these cities, merchants joined around factories, like the
Portuguese in their Bruges factory: the factor(s) and his officers rented the housing and warehouses, arbitrated trade, and even managed insurance funds, working both as an association and an
371:
Originally, factories were organizations of
European merchants from a state, meeting in a foreign place. These organizations sought to defend their common interests, mainly economic (as well as organized insurance and protection), enabling the maintenance of diplomatic and trade relations within the
825:
throughout much of
British-controlled North America for several centuries, undertaking early exploration. Its traders and trappers forged early relationships with many groups of American Indians, and a network of trading posts formed the nucleus for later official authority in many areas of Western
549:
between several territories, like Goa-Macau-Nagasaki, trading products such as sugar, pepper, coconut, timber, horses, grain, feathers from exotic
Indonesian birds, precious stones, silks and porcelain from the East, among many other products. In the Indian Ocean, the trade in Portuguese factories
829:
The early coastal factory model contrasted with the system of the French, who established an extensive system of inland posts and sent traders to live among the tribes of the region. When war broke out in the 1680s between France and
England, the two nations regularly sent expeditions to raid and
1380:
439:
were mostly fortified trading posts settled in coastal areas, built to centralize and thus dominate the local trade of products with the
Portuguese kingdom (and thence to Europe). They served simultaneously as
830:
capture each other's fur trading posts. In March 1686, the French sent a raiding party under
Chevalier des Troyes over 1,300 km (810 mi) to capture the company's posts along James Bay. In 1697,
800:
The
American factories often played a strategic role as well, sometimes operating as forts, providing a degree of protection for colonists and their allies from hostile Indians and foreign colonists.
602:
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490:, off the coast of Mauritania. It was built to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes traveled in North Africa. It served as a model for a chain of African
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was usually assigned to the factory to repair utensils and build or maintain plows. The factories frequently also had some sort of milling operation associated with them.
772:
387:. The Hanseatic cities had their own law system and furnished their own protection and mutual aid. The Hanseatic League maintained factories, among others, in England (
861:
The United States government sanctioned a factory system from 1796 to 1822, with factories scattered through the mostly territorial portion of the country.
375:
The factories were established from 1356 onwards in the main trading centers, usually ports or central hubs that have prospered under the influence of the
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were sometimes licensed to private entrepreneurs, giving rise to some conflict between abusive private interests and local populations, such as in the
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and further enclaves, as they explored the coasts of Africa, Arabia, India, and South East Asia in search of the source of the lucrative
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Other
European powers began to establish factories in the 17th century along the trade routes explored by Portugal and Spain, first the
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460:("factor") responsible for managing the trade, buying and trading products on behalf of the king and collecting taxes (usually 20%).
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In these factories, the products were checked, weighed, and packaged to prepare for the long sea voyage. In particular, spices,
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872:. However, in practice, numerous tribes conceded extensive territory in exchange for the trading posts, as happened in the
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along the coasts of West and East Africa, the Indian Ocean, China, Japan, and South America. The main factories of the
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by a ruse. York Factory changed hands several times in the next decade and was finally ceded permanently in the 1713
184:. First established in Europe, factories eventually spread to many other parts of the world. The origin of the word
1429:
1414:
835:
75:
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Rau, Virginia (1965). "Feitores e feitorias – 'Instrumentos' do comércio internacional português no Séc. XVI".
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565:, which also managed exports to India. There they were sold, or re-exported to the Royal Portuguese Factory in
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31:
1244:"Preliminary Inventory (PI 163) of the Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (RG 75), Washington, D.C. Area"
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actively tried to take over the monopoly of trade from the Hansa, inviting foreign merchants to join in.
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Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Portland House, New York, 1983.
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The factories marked the United States' attempt to continue a process originally pioneered by the
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island in Japan (the only legal point of trade between Japan and the outside world during the
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917:" and often had numerous unofficial names. Legislation was often passed calling for military
545:, spices in the Indian Ocean, and sugar cane in the New World. They were also used for local
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point. At a factory, local inhabitants could interact with foreign merchants, often known as
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834:, commander of the company's captured posts, defeated three ships of the Royal Navy in the
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Diogo Ramada Curto, Francisco Bethencourt, "O tempo de Vasco da Gama", DIFEL, 1998,
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in 1697. It was headquarters of the company for a long time, and was once the
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reach the company headquarters, and this was dependent on an absolute trust.
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Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century: The perspective of the world
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of those states. These have been seen, in retrospect, as the precursors of
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and spread throughout from West Africa to Southeast Asia. The Portuguese
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was enforced and increased by a merchant ship licensing system: the
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during the 16th century. Colonists created factories, also known as
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embassy, even administering justice within the merchant community.
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541:. They were mainly driven by the trade of gold and slaves on the
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List of Dutch West India Company trading posts and settlements
599:
List of Dutch East India Company trading posts and settlements
36:
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from exploitation through a series of legislation called the
821:, before European-based colonies existed. It controlled the
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with scarce human and territorial resources. Over time, the
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at the fort but their de facto purpose was a trading post.
501:
Between the 15th and 16th centuries, a chain of about 50
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that went on to become the financial centre of India as
364:– "factories" were a unique institution born in
607:
List of Danish colonial trading posts and settlements
569:, where they were distributed to the rest of Europe.
427:
During the territorial and economic expansion of the
649:. They went on to establish in conquered Portuguese
846:. After the treaty, the Hudson Bay Company rebuilt
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on the left, which in turn was within a walled fort
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1315:
1289:
864:The factories were officially intended to protect
773:United States Government Fur Trade Factory System
229:The factories established by European states in
1353:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580
1125:Fort Spadre Bluffs (Illinois Bayou), 1818–1822
27:Transshipment zone (5th- to 19th-century name)
817:government in parts of North America such as
8:
622:Bay, first Portuguese and then Dutch factory
245:onward also tended to be official political
221:
1318:The political economy of merchant empires
980:In the United States factories under the
172:– which was essentially an early form of
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1292:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825
256:A factory could serve simultaneously as
1147:
906:to officially license the fur trade in
767:North American factories (1697 to 1822)
933:created several factories, including:
792:The factory trading post building at
715:Some Dutch factories were located in
7:
593:and other European factories (1600s)
297:, at which furs could be traded, in
65:adding citations to reliable sources
660:Factories were then established by
372:foreign state where they were set.
1273:. University of California Press.
913:Factories were frequently called "
25:
1356:. University of Minnesota Press.
431:, the factory was adapted by the
282:government of local communities.
1203:
1191:
1179:
1051:Fort Chickasaw Bluffs, 1802–1818
668:(VOC), founded in 1602, and the
533:, and the richest possession of
196: 'place of doers, makers' (
41:
1420:History of European colonialism
1378:Wisconsinhistory.org definition
1116:Fort Praire du Chien, 1815–1822
160:was the common name during the
52:needs additional citations for
1405:History of international trade
1322:. Cambridge University Press.
1003:Ocmulgee Old Fields, 1806–1809
982:Superintendent of Indian Trade
826:Canada and the United States.
1:
1288:Boxer, Charles Ralph (1969).
719:in modern-day South Africa,
474:, viewed from the sea in 1668
1440:Maritime history of Portugal
1435:Economic history of Portugal
1110:(Michilimackinac), 1808–1812
1084:Fort Sulphur Fork, 1818–1822
1040:Fort St. Stephens, 1802–1815
482:overseas was established by
854:at the mouth of the nearby
832:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
505:either housed or protected
313:Main trading routes of the
305:European medieval factories
76:"Factory" trading post
1476:
1075:Natchitoches—Sulphur Fork
770:
596:
575:establishing a vast empire
498:being the most notorious.
340:traces its roots from the
29:
1410:Medieval economic history
1269:Braudel, Fernand (1992).
1113:Fort Green Bay, 1815–1822
486:in 1445 on the island of
268:, defense and support to
18:Factories (trading posts)
1216:Voorhis, Ernest (1930).
1060:Fort Arkansas, 1805–1810
1026:Fort Hiwassee, 1807–1810
937:Rupert House, 1668 (now
858:, its present location.
670:Dutch West India Company
666:Dutch East India Company
32:Factory (disambiguation)
1350:Diffie, Bailey (1977).
1023:Fort Tellico, 1795–1807
870:Indian Intercourse Acts
456:and were governed by a
1224:. Government of Canada
946:Moose Factory, Ontario
944:Moose Fort, 1673 (now
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511:Portuguese East Indies
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1450:Hudson's Bay Company
970:Churchill River Post
931:Hudson's Bay Company
874:Treaty of Fort Clark
840:capture York Factory
811:Hudson's Bay Company
678:Atlantic slave trade
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
1194:, pp. 320–322
1182:, pp. 314–315
1070:Fort Belle Fontaine
974:Churchill, Manitoba
939:Waskaganish, Quebec
806:was founded by the
784:, Manitoba, in 1853
747:in southern China,
731:in southern India,
662:chartered companies
573:and Indian oceans,
484:Henry the Navigator
1383:2017-03-17 at the
1096:Fort Madison, Iowa
1044:Fort Confederation
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635:Thirteen Factories
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336:Although European
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291:trade with Natives
276:, headquarters or
251:colonial expansion
155:
1079:Fort Natchitoches
960:, 1684 (Manitoba)
844:Treaty of Utrecht
836:Battle of the Bay
448:, support to the
153:, Bengal, in 1665
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1248:. Retrieved
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1226:. Retrieved
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1120:Fort Edwards
1064:Fort Chicago
1055:Fort Detroit
1007:Fort Hawkins
979:
972:, 1717 (now
958:York Factory
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878:Osage Nation
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848:York Factory
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188:is from
185:
168:eras for an
166:early modern
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97:
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1204:Diffie 1977
1192:Diffie 1977
1180:Diffie 1977
1122:, 1818–1822
1104:, 1808–1822
1092:, 1806–1812
1081:, 1805–1818
1072:, 1805–1809
1066:, 1805–1822
1057:, 1802–1805
1046:, 1816–1822
1032:, 1802–1812
1015:, 1816–1820
1009:, 1809–1816
1000:, 1797–1806
994:, 1795–1797
964:Fort Severn
952:Fort Albany
856:Hayes River
850:as a brick
757:Fort Orange
743:in Taiwan,
655:spice trade
419:Portuguese
395:), Norway (
393:King's Lynn
360:around the
346:Phoenicians
338:colonialism
326:Oostershuis
301:territory.
274:exploration
149:factory in
117:August 2016
1399:Categories
1142:References
1102:Fort Osage
1030:Fort Wayne
1020:Cherokee:
893:blacksmith
886:Fort Clark
794:Fort Clark
771:See also:
753:Edo Period
723:in Yemen,
637:", c. 1820
618:island in
597:See also:
513:, were in
450:navigation
433:Portuguese
332:in Antwerp
270:navigation
218:factorerie
198:Portuguese
87:newspapers
1445:Fur trade
1098:1808–1815
1037:Choctaw:
919:garrisons
852:star fort
823:fur trade
808:chartered
717:Cape Town
705:porcelain
674:New World
651:feitorias
579:feitorias
559:feitorias
557:From the
507:feitorias
492:feitorias
446:warehouse
437:feitorias
423:(c. 1445)
421:feitorias
262:warehouse
241:from the
194:factorium
1381:Archived
1339:Brotéria
1314:(1997).
1228:24 April
1206:, p. 316
1130:See also
992:Colerain
925:Examples
882:Missouri
815:de facto
727:and the
620:Nagasaki
591:factorij
583:Maldives
552:cartazes
480:feitoria
397:Tønsberg
379:and its
368:Europe.
366:medieval
279:de facto
239:Americas
237:and the
223:comptoir
210:factorij
202:feitoria
170:entrepĂ´t
162:medieval
1425:Empires
1345:(nÂş 5).
1263:Sources
1250:19 June
988:Creek:
904:Spanish
866:Indians
755:), and
733:Colombo
725:Calicut
693:tobacco
676:by the
647:English
567:Antwerp
535:Bassein
527:Ternate
519:Malacca
454:customs
409:Antwerp
385:kontors
344:, when
266:customs
186:factory
182:factors
158:Factory
101:scholar
1360:
1326:
1300:
1277:
1246:. 1965
1167:
1136:Kontor
900:French
749:Dejima
745:Canton
707:, and
697:coffee
631:Canton
616:Dejima
605:, and
589:Dutch
488:Arguin
458:feitor
442:market
405:Bruges
389:Boston
381:guilds
354:Romans
350:Greeks
330:Kontor
258:market
231:Africa
214:French
147:V.O.C.
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
915:forts
737:Ambon
721:Mocha
701:sugar
685:cocoa
643:Dutch
531:Macao
523:Ormuz
472:Ghana
206:Dutch
192:
190:Latin
144:Dutch
108:JSTOR
94:books
1358:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1252:2023
1230:2016
1165:ISBN
452:and
407:and
383:and
352:and
328:, a
324:The
272:and
235:Asia
164:and
80:news
884:at
709:fur
689:tea
515:Goa
401:Ă…bo
285:In
226:).
176:or
63:by
1401::
1343:81
1341:.
1220:.
984::
910:.
891:A
888:.
703:,
699:,
695:,
691:,
687:,
680:.
657:.
601:,
585:.
554:.
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
494:,
444:,
391:,
348:,
264:,
260:,
253:.
233:,
220:,
216::
212:;
208::
204:;
200::
1366:.
1332:.
1306:.
1283:.
1254:.
1232:.
976:)
948:)
941:)
633:"
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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