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or chord sheets, to distinguish them from lead sheets. These sheets could be used by the rhythm section instruments to guide their improvised accompaniment and by lead instruments for their improvised solo sections, but since they do not contain the melody, they can be used in performances only by
328:
that had the same size as library catalog cards, Goodwin provided lyrics, melody and chord symbols as well as copyright information. Goodwin also promoted the cards to professional musicians until 1963, when poor health forced his retirement. For many years the "standard" fake books were called
441:, who was teaching at Berklee at that time, said the students who edited the book intended "to make a book that contained a hipper repertoire, more contemporary repertoire". It was popular and in its turn spawned a number of "fake Real Books". Swallow's 1994 album
415:
included no standards, but only original tunes written and recorded by jazz musicians. All these books have been long out of print, though music students have photocopied the books from other musicians. Fake books originally infringed
249:(often simply indicating two bars on the tonic), as it is expected that an experienced jazz player will know the appropriate turnarounds to insert (e.g., (I–VI–ii–V). The reader needs to have thorough familiarity with
194:, in which every note to be played in a piece is written out. Since fake books and lead sheets only give a rough outline of the melody and harmony, the performer or arranger is expected to improvise significantly.
341:'s Cleveland, Ohio, office observed that "practically every professional musician in the country owns at least one of these fake music books as they constitute probably the single most useful document available".
411:. The music was transcribed by hand from recordings, and each transcription included performer name, record label, and catalog number. Unlike today's fake and "real" books that have "jazz" in their titles, the
190:, due to the improvisational nature of its use: when presented with a lead sheet, proficient musicians may be able to "fake it" by performing the song adequately without a full score. This is in contrast to a
257:(e.g., C). Introductions and codas are often omitted, as it is expected that players will know the familiar intros and codas used on specific songs. Lead sheets are often bound together in a fake book.
183:" is a part of the song; any performance of the song should include the guitar riff, and any imitation of that guitar riff is an imitation of the song. Thus the riff belongs on the lead sheet.
67:
324:
A predecessor to lead sheets was created in May 1942 when George
Goodwin, a radio station director, released the first Tune-Dex cards. Printing on 3-by-5-inch (7.6 by 12.7 cm)
164:
by the performers, and are considered aspects of the arrangement or performance of a song, rather than a part of the song itself. "Lead" refers to a song's lead
894:
380:. Usually chord symbols, titles, composer names, and lyrics were typewritten, but for a number of songs these were all photocopied along with the melody line.
66:
58:
352:, issued in the late 1940s and 1950s, together comprised about 2000 songs dating from the turn of the 20th century through the late 1950s. In the 1950s the
308:
sues someone for copyright violation, the court will compare lead sheets to determine how much of the song has been copied. If a song is considered for an
241:
do not have a printed melody during the "B" section, as the lead instrumentalist is expected to improvise one. Similarly, the chord progressions for some
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A lead sheet may also specify an instrumental part or theme, if this is considered essential to the song's identity. For example, the opening
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were compiled illegally, the creators printed copyright information under every song — perhaps to give the false impression that the
237:
are written with the syncopation omitted, so the reader must be familiar with the songs "by ear" to play the melodies correctly. Some
622:
300:, a lead sheet is the document used to describe a song for legal purposes. For example, a lead sheet is the form of a song to which
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features his original compositions, but the cover art mimics a spiral-bound, coffee-stained fake book used by jazz musicians.
222:, followed by an improvised solo also based on the chord progression. Similarly, a sufficiently skilled harmony player (e.g. a
30:"Fake book" redirects here. For a work of literature falsely attributed to another author, either historical or invented, see
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978:
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458:. This facilitates the performance of music at shows where some performers have transposing instruments, or in shows with a
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In the 2000s, some types of "real books" have been published which fully respect copyright laws. In the same period, some
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230:) is able to accompany a singer or perform a song by themselves using only a lead sheet.
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Krasilovsky, M. William; Shemel, Sidney; Gross, John M.; Feinstein, Jonathan (2007),
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players who have the melodies memorized. Lead sheets are commonly used at informal "
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During the school year of 1974–75, an unidentified group of musicians based at the
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ensemble. One or more musicians will play the melody while the rest of the group
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Sheets containing only the chord progressions to the song are often called
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or reset with a musical typewriter from the melody lines of the original
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A lead sheet is often the only form of written music used by a small
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who wants the band to play in a different key to accommodate their
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Lead sheets are not intended for novices. Sometimes, melodies with
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were well indexed, alphabetically as well as by musical genre and
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The melody, lyrics, and harmony define what a song is. In the
360:, containing about 500 songs, came out in 1961. The music in
644:"Pop Song Piracy, Fake Books, and a Pre-history of Sampling"
47:
403:
was divided into two sections, each indexed separately as
27:
Musical score describing the essential elements of a song
399:
were legal, or to show respect for the creators. The
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A collected volume of lead sheets may be known as a
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454:"fake books" became available, which offer instant
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563:, pioneer publisher of legitimate fake books
538:of 400 chord progressions for jazz standards
168:, the most important melody line or voice.
337:paid to the copyright owners. In 1964, the
106:that specifies the essential elements of a
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602:Woodwind Brasswind: "What is a fake book?"
329:simply "Fake Books". All were composed of
674:My Guitar Pal: "History of the Real Book"
126:, the lyric is written as text below the
36:
573:
420:, and their circulation was primarily
354:Modern Jazz Fake Book, Volumes 1 and 2
84:
73:(as five-second commercial television
137:The lead sheet does not describe the
7:
617:(10th ed.), Billboard Books,
156:. These are specified later by an
130:and the harmony is specified with
25:
584:, Vol. I, p.76. Seventh Edition.
1609:
1608:
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511:
497:
85:Problems playing this file? See
63:
1:
885:Electroacoustic improvisation
582:Music: In Theory and Practice
288:As legal definition of a song
280:" and at jazz shows at small
124:modern Western music notation
580:Benward & Saker (2003).
391:. Although the tunes in the
333:unlawfully printed, with no
1409:History of music publishing
561:Chas. H. Hansen Music Corp.
122:. The melody is written in
1671:
649:. Kernfeld. Archived from
264:
29:
1614:Category:Musical notation
1594:
1480:Numbered musical notation
1271:Scientific pitch notation
805:
719:
1261:Helmholtz pitch notation
642:Kernfeld, Barry (2003).
431:in Boston published the
429:Berklee College of Music
152:or other aspects of the
1604:List of musical symbols
1475:Nashville Number System
745:Nashville Number System
344:The first two volumes,
1154:Transposing instrument
750:Roman numeral analysis
615:This Business of Music
555:The Fiddler's Fakebook
490:Roman numeral analysis
52:
42:
413:Modern Jazz Fake Book
401:Modern Jazz Fake Book
51:
40:
815:Backdoor progression
1500:Percussion notation
944:Jazz improvisation
890:Free improvisation
875:Constant structure
855:Chord-scale system
358:Fake Book Volume 3
350:Fake Book Volume 2
346:Fake Book Volume 1
198:Use in performance
181:Smoke on the Water
59:The Knowledge Song
53:
43:
1655:Music performance
1622:
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1566:Mensural notation
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850:Call and response
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590:978-0-07-294262-0
437:. Bass guitarist
298:entertainment law
216:chord progression
134:above the staff.
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16:(Redirected from
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1650:Jazz terminology
1635:Musical notation
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1465:Graphic notation
1129:Rehearsal letter
1053:Musical notation
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799:improvisation
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729:Chord letters
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713:Chord symbols
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656:on 2008-09-06
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486:Chord letters
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456:transposition
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439:Steve Swallow
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90:
88:
76:
60:
39:
33:
19:
1485:Klavarskribo
1469:
1460:Figured bass
1334:Appoggiatura
1281:Articulation
1079:Abbreviation
999:Tadd Dameron
948:
830:Bird changes
739:
669:
658:. Retrieved
651:the original
614:
608:
597:
581:
576:
553:
546:
535:
534:, author of
519:Music portal
481:Head (music)
449:
442:
432:
426:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
382:
369:
365:
362:Fake Books 1
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
343:
323:
291:
278:jam sessions
273:chord charts
270:
239:32 bar forms
232:
224:jazz pianist
201:
187:
185:
170:
136:
108:popular song
99:
95:
93:
41:A lead sheet
1571:Music stand
1445:Chord chart
1424:Scorewriter
1401:Sheet music
1199:Dotted note
1134:Repeat sign
1109:Ledger line
984:Syncopation
927:Jam session
907:Harmolodics
835:Block chord
825:Bebop scale
724:Chord chart
505:Jazz portal
476:Chord chart
464:vocal range
422:underground
378:sheet music
374:photocopied
326:index cards
267:Chord chart
261:Chord chart
235:syncopation
177:Deep Purple
173:guitar riff
1629:Categories
1545:Shakuhachi
1520:Ekphonetic
1505:Simplified
1470:Lead sheet
1344:Grace note
1209:Note value
1204:Grace note
1172:Accidental
989:Turnaround
964:Polyrhythm
949:Lead sheet
932:Jazz chord
880:Contrafact
810:Avoid note
740:Lead sheet
735:Jazz chord
660:2008-04-05
568:References
532:Ralph Patt
452:electronic
418:copyrights
409:Volume Two
405:Volume One
397:Fake Books
393:Fake Books
385:Fake Books
383:The three
306:songwriter
284:and bars.
282:nightclubs
247:turnaround
208:improvises
192:full score
162:improvised
100:fake sheet
96:lead sheet
87:media help
18:Fake books
1540:Swaralipi
1530:Kunkunshi
1490:Tablature
1455:Eye music
1339:Glissando
1314:Fingering
1099:Dal segno
860:Chordioid
840:Blue note
542:Real Book
444:Real Book
434:Real Book
335:royalties
302:copyright
188:fake book
150:bass line
1550:Znamenny
1391:Tonguing
1376:Staccato
1329:Ornament
1304:Dynamics
1256:Interval
1219:Notehead
1194:Cue note
922:Jam band
470:See also
158:arranger
142:voicings
1559:Related
1525:Gamelan
1515:Chinese
1495:Parsons
1366:Portato
1349:Mordent
1324:Marcato
1309:Fermata
1299:Damping
1294:Caesura
1251:Tremolo
1182:natural
1094:Da capo
959:Outside
937:So What
912:Harmony
870:Comping
845:Cadenza
320:History
120:harmony
1381:Tenuto
1319:Legato
1289:Accent
1246:Tuplet
994:ii-V-I
902:Groove
795:theory
621:
588:
460:singer
368:, and
314:Grammy
116:lyrics
112:melody
110:: the
1535:Neume
1359:Trill
1354:Slide
1241:Tacet
1231:Pitch
1187:sharp
1139:Tempo
1124:Scale
1119:Ossia
1061:Staff
979:Swing
974:Scale
654:(PDF)
647:(PDF)
331:songs
312:or a
243:blues
226:or a
175:from
139:chord
128:staff
1371:Slur
1236:Rest
1224:stem
1214:beam
1177:flat
1114:Mode
1089:Clef
917:Head
895:List
797:and
792:Jazz
619:ISBN
586:ISBN
488:and
407:and
372:was
348:and
296:and
204:jazz
179:'s "
166:part
118:and
1386:Tie
1084:Bar
339:FBI
160:or
98:or
75:cue
1631::
1074:15
632:^
466:.
424:.
364:,
148:,
144:,
114:,
94:A
1069:8
1045:e
1038:t
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777:t
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705:e
698:t
691:v
663:.
592:.
370:3
366:2
89:.
77:)
34:.
20:)
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