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contact buyers and purchase the counterfeit goods unknowingly by email, WhatsApp, WeChat, and PayPal. As social media watchdogs and groups are working on cracking and shutting down accounts selling counterfeit goods, counterfeiters continue to operate 24 hours with advanced systems in algorithms, artificial intelligence, and spambots using tactics involving automatic account creation, avoidance in detection and tax-and-duty-free law. It is advised by many that brands, tech platforms, governments and consumers require a comprehensive strategy and cross-sector collaboration to combat the multifaceted system enabling the international counterfeit market.
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610:(ICC) in 2008 having estimated the global value of all counterfeit goods at $ 650 billion annually, increasing to $ 1.77 trillion by 2015. Countries mainly the U.S., U.K., Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, South Korea and Japan are among the hardest hit, as their economies thrive on producing high-value products, protected by intellectual property rights and trademarks. By 2017, the U.S. alone was estimated to be losing up to $ 600 billion each year to counterfeit goods, software piracy and the theft of copyrights and trade secrets.
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international reach forces brand owners to prosecute cases outside of their local jurisdictions. Counterfeiters can display genuine goods on their site and ship counterfeit goods to the consumer. This makes it difficult for brand owners to even determine if a site is selling counterfeits without making costly purchases from the site. Criminal networks are involved with counterfeiting—which leads to hundreds of sites selling the same products on various servers. Making it an arduous task for the brand owner to stop them without working with authorities to take down the counterfeit rings.
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One of the most impressive of techniques exploits anisotropic optical characteristics of conjugated polymers. Engineers have developed specialized markings and patterns that can be incorporated within the designs of textiles that can only be detected under polarized lights. Similar to methods implemented in the production of currency, invisible threads and dyes are used to create unique designs within the weaves of luxury textiles that cannot be replicated by counterfeiters due to a unique set of fibres, anisotropic tapes, and polymer dyes used by the brand and manufacturer.
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trademarks, and trade names. Counterfeiters illegally copy trademarks, which manufacturers have built up based on marketing investments and the recognized quality of their products, in order to fool consumers. Any product that is protected by intellectual property rights is a target for counterfeiters. Piotr
Stryszowski, a senior economist at OECD, notes that it is not only the scale of counterfeiting that is alarming, but its rapidly growing scope, which means that now any product with a logo can become a target.
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watch-groups, as buying fakes from a distributor in China is less suspicious than other, more extreme criminal activity. The cause and effect of this discounting of crime is giving sellers money to partake in terrorism, human trafficking and child labour. Due to counterfeit shipping papers (which prevent customs from tracking them) and fake brands posing as unremarkable fashion companies but actually selling fake luxury goods, these sellers are challenging to track.
2034:, provide complaint pages where listings of counterfeit goods can be reported. The reporter must show that it owns the intellectual property (e.g. trademark, patent, copyright) being presented on the counterfeit listings. The shopping site will then do an internal investigation and if it agrees, it will take the counterfeit listing down. The actual execution of such investigations, at least, on Amazon and eBay, seems to be limited in reality.
397:(ICC) in 2008 having estimated the global value of all counterfeit goods at $ 650 billion annually, increasing to $ 1.77 trillion by 2015. Countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Luxembourg, South Korea and Japan are among the hardest hit, as their economies thrive on producing high-value products, protected by
1620:, the primary regulatory body for food safety and enforcement in the United States, admits that the "sheer magnitude of the potential crime" makes prevention difficult, along with the fact that food safety is not treated as a high priority. They note that with more than 300 ports of entry through which 13 percent of America's food supply passes, the FDA is only able to inspect about two percent of that food.
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more serious amplitude in Asia because the market is developing at a dazzling speed." Vintners are either unable or hesitant to fight such counterfeiters: "There are no funds. Each lawsuit costs 500,000 euros," states one French vintner. In addition, some vintners, like product and food manufacturers, prefer to avoid any publicity regarding fakes to avoid injuring their brand names.
1122:(MPAA) for distributing pirated movies and television shows. A selection of websites, internet newsgroups, peer-to-peer online networks and physical locations renowned for sharing illegal content, were presented to officials. Other countries were also listed as sources, including Russia, Brazil, Canada, Thailand and Indonesia. In August 2011, it was reported that at least 22 fake
1352:"Counterfeiting can apply to both brand name and generic products, where the identity of the source is mislabeled in a way that suggests that it is the authentic approved product. Counterfeit products may include products without the active ingredient, with an insufficient or excessive quantity of the active ingredient, with the wrong active ingredient, or with fake packaging."
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film-makers, who may have spent years raising money for the film. As a result, the value of intellectual property becomes eroded and films are less likely to be made. In 2018, U.S. agents seized more than 70,000 pirated copies of music and movies from a home in Fresno, California. Although it was a relatively small portion of all imported counterfeits, according to one expert:
640:(OLAF) targeting counterfeit and illicit alcoholic beverages. Customs and police authorities seized nearly 14.8 million liters of illicit drinks, including wine and beer. The seized items also included counterfeit bottles, packaging, and equipment for making sparkling wine. OLAF emphasized the dangers of food fraud to consumer health, legitimate businesses, and public revenue.
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1925:(ACTA), which is designed to help protect intellectual property rights, especially costly copyright and trademark theft. The signing took place a year after diligent negotiations among 11 governments: Australia, Canada, the European Union, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and the United States. As of 2011, the
1883:. Opponents of the bill stated that it could have crippled the Internet through selective censorship and limiting free speech. In regards to the bill, the Obama administration stressed that "the important task of protecting intellectual property online must not threaten an open and innovative internet." The legislation was later withdrawn by its author, Rep.
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WeChat, PayPal, and Venmo and typically talk with clients on platforms like WhatsApp. This all makes the transactions seamless and hard to track since payment is done via third party. Listings are also often posted on the story feature; hence, they are not permanent. The problem is getting larger according to Vox and is getting more difficult to monitor.
1392:, in the legitimate supply chains of at least 44 countries. Pfizer also found that nearly 20% of Europeans had obtained medicines through illicit channels, amounting to $ 12.8 billion in sales. Other experts estimate the global market for fake medications could be worth between $ 75 billion and $ 200 billion a year, as of 2010.
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knowledge. Counterfeit phones cause financial losses for owners and distributors of legitimate devices, and a loss of tax income for governments. In addition, counterfeit phones are poorly made, can generate high radiation, contain harmful levels of dangerous elements such as lead, and have a high chance of including malware.
1986:, who has tried to prosecute counterfeiters, notes that major industries have suffered the loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs due to the exploitation of child labor in sweatshops in New York and Asia. Those often produce dangerous merchandise, such as fake auto parts or toys, made of toxic and easily breakable materials.
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Consumer
Protection Law imposes a penalty of three times their value to compensate consumers. If platforms have prior knowledge of counterfeit goods being sold, then the E-Commerce Law makes them jointly liable with merchants engaged in sale of such goods. These risks also prompted platforms to take a stricter view towards
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Project Zero offers Amazon partners to flag fake listings without Amazon having to step in. Since Amazon has over five billion listings, a computerized element is also crucial for keeping up with getting rid of fakes. Based on assets and codes provided by Amazon partners, this program scans items and deletes fake ones.
1298:(WHO) estimates that over 30% of pharmaceuticals in developing countries are fake, stating that "Anyone, anywhere in the world, can come across medicines seemingly packaged in the right way but which do not contain the correct ingredients and, in the worst-case scenario, may be filled with highly toxic substances."
576:, who had served as U.S. ambassador to China, stated, "The vast, illicit transfer of American innovation is one of the most significant economic issues impacting U.S. competitiveness that the nation has not fully addressed. It looks to be, must be, a top priority of the new administration." In March 2017
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of 2016 in Paris, which left 12 people dead and nearly a dozen more injured. Sales of pirated CDs have been linked to funding the 2004 Madrid train bombing, and investigations firm
Carratu connects money from counterfeit goods to Hezbollah, Al Qaeda, the Japanese Yakuza, the ETA, and the Russian Mob.
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Counterfeiters can include producers, distributors or retail sellers. Growing over 10,000% in the last two decades , counterfeit products exist in virtually every industry sector, including food, beverages, apparel, accessories, footwear, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, electronics, auto parts, toys, and
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that in 2013 counterfeit goods accounted for about $ 461 billion, or about 2.5% of total world trade. That estimate did not include either domestically produced and consumed products or digital products sold on the internet. That estimate rose from 1.8% of world trade in 2007. The OECD concluded that
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came from a store selling counterfeit T-shirts. The same has been found surrounding many other organized crime activities. According to Bruce
Foucart, director of US Homeland Security's National Intellectual Property Coordination Centre, the sales of counterfeit goods funded the Charlie Hebdo attack
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Counterfeit toys leave children exposed to potentially toxic chemicals and the risk of choking. An estimated 10 to 12 percent of toys sold in the UK in 2017 were counterfeit, with the influx of counterfeit goods coming primarily from China. Trading
Standards, a UK safety organization, seizes tens of
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In buying counterfeit goods directly from other smaller sellers, location is becoming less a factor, since consumers can purchase products from all over the world and have them delivered straight to their doors by regular carriers, such as USPS, FedEx and UPS. Whereas in previous years international
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has begun smashing empty bottles with a hammer to prevent them from entering the black market. During one sale in 2008, a French vintner was "shocked to discover that '106 bottles out of 107' were fakes." According to one source, counterfeit French wines sold locally and abroad "could take on a much
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With the increasing sophistication of counterfeiters techniques, there is an increasing need for designers and technologists to develop even more creative solutions to distinguish genuine products from frauds, incorporating unique and less obvious aspects of identification into the design of goods.
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Social media and mobile applications have turned into ideal platforms for transactions and trades. Counterfeit users and sellers would set up online accounts on
Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook and post counterfeit or illicit products through ways of sponsored ads and deals. The consumer can easily
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According to a U.S. Senate committee report in 2012 and reported by ABC News, "counterfeit electronic parts from China are 'flooding' into critical U.S. military systems, including special operations helicopters and surveillance planes, and are putting the nation's troops at risk." The report notes
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estimated that intellectual property loss due to 3D printer counterfeiting could total $ 100 billion by 2018. Among the technological fields that can be victimized by counterfeits are auto and aircraft parts, toys, medical devices, drugs and even human organs. According to one intellectual property
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Goods have been brought into the United States without the logos adorned on them in order to get past customs. They are then finished within the country. This is due to the increase in seizing of product at borders. The counterfeiters are reactive to the increasing crackdown on the illegal business
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Criminals prefer to sell counterfeits on the
Internet for many reasons. They can hide behind the anonymity of the Internet—with the Dark Web even their IP addresses can be hidden. The Internet gives them the reach to sell to consumers globally—outside of the national limits of law enforcement. This
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on a national level but the penalties are dwarfed by the earnings outlook for counterfeiters: "As grievous as this crime is, which is even worse than armed robbery, the penalty is like a slap on the palm, the most ridiculous of which is a fine of 50,000 naira ($ 307). Any offender would gladly pay
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Customs agents seized more than 2,000 shipments of counterfeit beauty products in 2016, and noted that fake personal care items were more common than knockoff handbags. One of the biggest threats to beauty consumers is the risk that they are buying counterfeit products on familiar 3rd party retail
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In 2014, nearly 30% of the UK population was knowingly or unknowingly involved in some form of piracy through streaming content online or buying counterfeit DVDs, with such theft costing the UK audiovisual industries about ÂŁ500m a year. Counterfeits are particularly harmful to smaller, independent
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were the most copied brands, with Nike being the most counterfeited brand globally. Counterfeit clothes, shoes, jewelry and handbags from designer brands are made in varying quality; sometimes the intent is only to fool the gullible buyer who only looks at the label and does not know what the real
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Among the leading industries that have been seriously affected by counterfeiting are software, music recordings, motion pictures, luxury goods and fashion clothes, sportswear, perfumes, toys, aircraft components, spare parts and car accessories, and pharmaceuticals. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are
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Some U.S. politicians are proposing to fine those who buy counterfeit goods, such as those sold in New York's Canal Street market. In Europe, France has already created stiff sentences for sellers or buyers, with punishments up to 3 years in prison and a $ 300,000 fine. Also in Europe, non-profit
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Food counterfeiting is a serious threat in Europe, especially for countries with a high number of trademark products such as Italy. In 2005, EU customs seized more than 75 million counterfeited goods, including foods, medicines and other goods, partly due to
Internet sales. More than five million
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listed the leading food categories with reported cases of fraud as olive oil; fish and seafood; milk and milk-based products; honey, maple syrup, and other natural sweeteners; fruit juice; coffee and tea; spices; organic foods and products; and clouding agents. Deceptive and inaccurate ingredient
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in 2017 found that approximately 10% of fashion products sold worldwide are counterfeits, amounting to approximately $ 28.5 billion of lost revenues per year in Europe alone. Industry leaders feared that budding counterfeiters would soon be creating bags, apparel and jewelry at a lower production
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in 2018, approximately 79 percent of the
American population had bought products online. They found numerous products which were sold online by Amazon, Walmart, eBay, Sears and Newegg were counterfeit. For 2017 it was estimated that online sales of counterfeit products amounted to $ 1.7 trillion.
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In many cases, different types of infringements overlap: unauthorized music copying mostly infringes copyright as well as trademarks; fake toys infringe design protection. Counterfeiting therefore involves the related issues of copying packaging, labeling, or any other significant features of the
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Companies spend millions or billions of dollars building brands, and building reputations and they're being completely destroyed by
Chinese counterfeits. And when you take that across a universe of goods, Americans' confidence in their own products is nonexistent. Retailers, the malls, the retail
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In 2016, in a span of 3-day period, Instagram has identified 20,892 fake accounts selling counterfeit goods, collectively responsible for 14.5 million posts, 146,958 new images and gaining 687,817 new followers, with Chanel (13.90%), Prada (9.69%) and Louis Vuitton (8.51%) being the top affected
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The 2018 E-Commerce Law, along with the Consumer Protection Law, require e-commerce platforms to take proper action if they are aware or should be aware of fraudulent online behavior by merchants, including the sales of fraudulent goods. If merchants are found to have sold counterfeit goods, the
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About one-third of the world's countries lack effective drug regulatory agencies, which makes them easy prey for counterfeiters. Globally, more than half of counterfeit pharmaceuticals sold are for life-threatening conditions, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. An estimated one
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In 2019, Amazon launched a program known as 'Project Zero' to work with brands to find counterfeit objects on the site. This technology has given private users and companies the capability to gauge handbags certification. Within time, this technology will be widely adaptable to larger platforms.
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Besides online market sites, the shift to digital for luxury and consumer goods have led to both promising opportunities and serious risks. The British government released a study stating 1/5 of all items tagged with luxury good brand names on Instagram are fakes with 20% of the posts featuring
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confiscated tonnes of fake products worth $ 25 million and arrested hundreds of suspects and broke up organized crime networks in 36 different countries on four continents. They raided markets, chemists, retail outlets, warehouses and border control points, where they seized among other things,
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agency supports a supplemental registration of trademarks through their Intellectual Property Rights e-Recordation program. In 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order to, among other things, ensure the timely and efficient enforcement of laws protecting intellectual property
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection suggest that the cosmetic industry is losing about $ 75 million annually based on the amount of imitation products that are smuggled into the U.S. each year. In addition to the lost revenue, cosmetics brands are damaged when consumers experience unhealthy side
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Recently, the battle between counterfeiters and retailers-designers has changed. Shifting opinions among young consumers has created increased demand for 'dupe' products that may not be a direct or illegal counterfeit but a clear copy of a more upmarket design. According to a report released by
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Companies all over the internet are illegal e-boutiques that use platforms like eBay, Instagram and Amazon to sell counterfeit goods. Sometimes they own their own websites that have untraceable IP addresses that are often changed. Instagram is a difficult platform to trace, as sellers on it use
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has been traced back to being funded by counterfeit products. According to Tommy Hilfiger's Alastair Grey, terrorists bought the guns used with funds gained from selling illegal luxury sneakers. This is more normal than consumers may think. Grey discusses how often sellers will be overlooked by
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or the theft and resale of products: Some package constructions are more resistant to pilferage and some have pilfer indicating seals. Counterfeit consumer goods, unauthorized sales (diversion), material substitution and tampering can all be reduced with these anti-counterfeiting technologies.
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These include items which purport to be original art, designer watches, designer china, accessories such as sunglasses and handbags, and all varieties of antiques. In some cases the copying process has proceeded through several vendors, and it is possible to see gradual changes as the chain of
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Buyers are attracted to rogue online pharmacies since they pose as legitimate businesses. Consumers are motivated by lower prices, and some are attracted by the ability to obtain prescription drugs without a prescription. Of the drugs bought online, however, 90 percent are found to come from a
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said "we need to fight counterfeits the same way we fight drunk driving." In some African countries, up to 60% of smartphones are counterfeit. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible for most consumers to spot a fake since telling the difference requires a higher than average level of technical
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to create programs to identify bogus parts and prevent them from entering the supply chain. "A failed connector can shut down a satellite as quickly as a defective IC," states product director Robert Hult. Such bogus electronics also pose a significant threat to various sectors of the economy,
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In fashion, counterfeit goods are known as knock offs. These counterfeit goods are usually sold on markets and street corners. Though purchasing these goods might seem harmless to those who purchase them knowingly, the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau in England has advised people not to buy
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are vulnerable to counterfeiting as well. In Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines, authentic-looking but poor quality watch fakes with self-winding mechanisms and fully working movements can sell for as little as US$ 20, with good quality ones selling for $ 100 and over. Some fakes'
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The approximate cost to the U.S. from counterfeit sales was estimated to be as high $ 600 billion as of 2016. A 2017 report by the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property, stated that China and Hong Kong accounted for 87 percent of counterfeit goods seized entering the United
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So far, only United Kingdom, Scotland and Erie representatives have taken the initiative by using law enforcement and criminal charges to fight against counterfeiting and piracy on social media accounts. This concern still needs tremendous effort in updating its enforcement policies in online
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I remember walking into an assembly plant in Thailand a couple of years ago and seeing six or seven little children, all under 10 years old, sitting on the floor assembling counterfeit leather handbags. The owners had broken the children's legs and tied the lower leg to the thigh so the bones
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The United States government has made intellectual property protection a priority. It seems as if every week we see a new seizure of counterfeiting imports. These efforts are helpful and worthwhile, but U.S. officials and law enforcement can only do so much. Seizure of trademark and copyright
1576:, worth more than $ 700,000 from warehouses in New York and New Jersey. Olive oil is considered one of the most frequently counterfeited food products, according to the FDA, with one study finding that many products labeled as "extra-virgin olive oil" actually contained up to 90% soybean oil.
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Counterfeit electronic parts can undermine the security and reliability of critical business systems, which can cause massive losses in revenue to companies and damage their reputation. They can also pose major threats to health and safety, such as when an implanted heart pacemaker stops, an
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states that counterfeit products encompass all products made to closely imitate the appearance of the product of another as to mislead consumers. Those can include the unauthorized production and distribution of products that are protected by intellectual property rights, such as copyright,
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With the increase of internet sales, such fake drugs easily cross international boundaries and can be sold directly to unsuspecting buyers. In September 2017, Interpol, after a 10-year investigation, took down 3,584 websites in various countries, removed 3,000 online ads promoting illicit
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In China, counterfeit high-end wines are a growing beverage industry segment, where fakes are sold to Chinese consumers. Knock-off artists refill empty bottles from famous chateaux with inferior vintages. According to one source, "Upwardly mobile Chinese, eager to display their wealth and
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Since counterfeits are produced illegally, they are not manufactured to comply with relevant safety standards. They will often use cheap, hazardous and unapproved materials or cut costs in some other manner. These unapproved materials can be hazardous to consumers, or the environment.
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Counterfeiting of countless items with either large or relatively cheap 3D printers, is a growing problem. The sophisticated printing material and the ever-expanding supply of digital CAD designs available online, will contribute to a black market for counterfeit goods. The
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and copyright holders to fight online trafficking in copyrighted intellectual property and counterfeit goods. The bill would have allowed the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as copyright holders, to seek court orders against websites accused of enabling or facilitating
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and US e-commerce giant Amazon have enabled this trend. In 2019, multiple brands such as Nike and Birkenstock stopped selling their products on Amazon in protest of the flagrant counterfeits on the platform. Simultaneously, in the luxury market, high fashion brands such as
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During a counterfeit bust in New York in 2007, federal police, with the help of local Private Investigator Ray Dowd, seized $ 200 million in fake designer clothing, shoes, and accessories from one of the largest-ever counterfeit smuggling rings. Labels seized included
1294:, the counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals accounts for an estimated $ 600 billion in global trade, and may be the "crime of the 21st century." They add that it "poses significant adverse health and economic consequences for individuals and corporations alike." The
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Food fraud, "the intentional adulteration of food with cheaper ingredients for economic gain," is a well-documented crime that has existed in the U.S. and Europe for many decades. As of 2014, it has only received more attention in recent years as the fear of
1439:. Those involved in their production and distribution include "medical professionals" such as corrupt pharmacists and physicians, organized crime syndicates, rogue pharmaceutical companies, corrupt local and national officials, and terrorist organizations.
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was by far the biggest supplier of fake drugs, accounting for 75 percent of the global cases of counterfeit medicine. However, many drugs and other consumer products that were supposedly made in India, were actually made in China and imported into India.
1005:(ICs), relays, circuit breakers, fuses, ground fault receptacles, and cable assemblies, as well as connectors. The value of counterfeit electronic components is estimated to total 2% of global sales or $ 460 billion in 2011. Counterfeit devices have been
890:) are those fakes that are produced in the same factory as legitimate designer pieces without authorized permission to do so. These goods are made from scraps and leftover materials from genuine products, produced illegally, and sold on the black market.
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the most profitable sector of illegally copied goods, with lost revenues up to $ 217 billion per year. Fraudulent drugs are known to harm or kill millions around the world, thereby damaging the brand names and sales of major pharmaceutical manufacturers.
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announced that "by seizing these domain names, we have disrupted the sale of thousands of counterfeit items, while also cutting off funds to those willing to exploit the ingenuity of others for their own personal gain." Members of Congress proposed the
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that Chinese companies take discarded electronic parts from other nations, remove any identifying marks, wash and refurbish them, and then resell them as brand-new – "a practice that poses a significant risk to the performance of U.S. military systems.
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The majority of online pharmacies taken down did not require a prescription to order the medicines and most sold potentially dangerous bogus versions of real drugs. One target for the operation was the illicit trade in opioid painkillers, especially
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The democratization of manufacturing made possible by 3D printing has the potential to lead to counterfeiting on steroids. And, as 3D printers get better and better, faster and faster, and more and more consumer friendly, anyone can become a
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analyzed 1,200 seafood samples from 674 retail outlets in 21 U.S. states. A third of the samples contained the DNA of a different type of fish to the one stated on the product label. They found that fish with high levels of mercury such as
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seized $ 121,442 worth of counterfeit children's toys that arrived into port from China and was destined for a North Carolina-based importer. The shipment was found to contain multiple items bearing trademarks and copyrights registered to
1334:(DEA) found that "customers can purchase fentanyl products from Chinese laboratories online with powdered fentanyl and pill presses" which are then shipped directly to buyers via regular mail services such as USPS, DHL, FedEx, and UPS.
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Ellis, D.I., Brewster, V.L., Dunn, W.B., Allwood, J.W., Golovanov, A. and Goodacre, R. (2012) Fingerprinting food: current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination. Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 5706–5727.
444:, although their legal meanings are not identical. Knockoff products are those that copy or imitate the physical appearance of other products but which do not copy the brand name or logo of a trademark. They may still be illegal under
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It must be noted in this case however that it is usually not the components themselves which are counterfeit: they have in most instances been fabricated by the expected manufacturer or by a licensee who has paid for the appropriate
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Thailand has opened a Museum of Counterfeit Goods, displaying over 4,000 different items in 14 different categories that violate trademarks, patents, or copyrights. The oldest museum of this kind is located in Paris and is known as
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1546:, which normally sells for nearly twice as much as catfish. Fish is the most frequently faked food Americans buy, which includes "...selling a cheaper fish, such as pen-raised Atlantic salmon, as wild Alaska salmon." In one test,
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authentication service Entrupy, 52% of shoppers age 15-24 purchased a counterfeit item in 2022, and 37% of the cohort admits they knew the good was fake when they purchased it. Notably, Chinese e-commerce fast fashion retailer
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wouldn't mend. did it because the children said they wanted to go outside and play. . . I went on a raid in a sweatshop in Brooklyn, and illegal workers were hiding in a rat hole, impossible to know how old the workers were.
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application and a standard small camera attachment which uses algorithms to detect even the most indistinguishable "super-fake". Online retailers are also having a difficult time keeping up with monitoring counterfeit items.
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movements and materials are also of remarkably passable quality, albeit inconsistently so, and may look good and work well for some years, a possible consequence of increasing competition within the counterfeiting community.
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The crackdown on counterfeit goods has not only become a matter of human rights but one of national and international security in various countries. The FBI has called product counterfeiting "the crime of the 21st century."
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were operating in parts of China, despite others having been shut down in the past by authorities at other locations. The following month, also in China, it was discovered that people were attempting to recreate the popular
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The methods used to dupe innocent consumers includes photocopying labels, creating different and phony chateaux names on the capsule and the label. Sometimes authentic bottles are used but another wine is added by using a
502:, "China produces 80% of the world's counterfeits and we're supporting China. Whether or not it's their intention to completely undermine and destroy the U.S. economy, we buy about 60% to 80% of the products." It states:
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Buyers often know they were victimized from online sales, as over a third (34%) said they were victimized two or three times, and 11% said they had bought fake goods three to five times. While many online sellers such as
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that claims that their provenance is traceable, sometimes accompanied by the components being remarked to make it appear that they have been manufactured and tested to more stringent standards than is actually the case.
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toys in 2015. In 2013, five New York-based companies were accused of importing hazardous and counterfeit toys from China. Among the merchandise seized were knockoff toys featuring popular children's characters such as
1846:. Counterfeit goods are a "...major plague for fashion and luxury brands," and numerous companies have made legal efforts to block the sale of counterfeits from China. Many of the goods are sold to retail outlets in
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try to stop knock offs from circulating in the market; Louis Vuitton has an entire team solely focused on stopping counterfeits. Gucci has adapted the counterfeit culture into its designs, changing the spelling of
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counterfeit food-related items, including drinks and alcohol products, were seized. According to the EU's taxation and customs commissioner, "A secret wave of dangerous fakes is threatening the people in Europe."
4216:"Counterfeit drugs consist of pills, drops and ointments containing either incorrect active ingredients or none at all. Sometimes the active ingredients are so diluted that the drugs are completely ineffective"
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products. With the sales of illicit cigarettes in Turkey, for example, exceeding 16.2 billion cigarettes per year, Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan labeled counterfeit tobacco as "more dangerous than terrorism".
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sophistication, have since developed a taste for imported wine along with other foreign luxuries." In China, wine consumption more than doubled since 2005, making China the seventh-largest market in the world.
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magazine article in 2016 discussed the psychology of sales, and the role of gullible consumers, perhaps blindly ignoring warning signs of a "killer deal", somehow justifying buying an item they know is a fake.
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are not legally responsible for selling counterfeit goods, when items are brought to their attention by a buyer, they will apply a takedown procedure and quickly remove the product listing from their website.
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1965:. Clothing manufacturers often rely on sweatshops using children in what some consider "slave labor" conditions. According to one organization, there are some 3,000 such sweatshops in and around
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has reported that with e-commerce, consumers often import and export goods and services which allows for more cross-border transactions which gives counterfeiters direct access to consumers.
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In China counterfeiting is so deeply rooted that crackdowns on shops selling counterfeit cause public protests during which the authorities are derided as "bourgeois puppets of foreigners."
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which have been sold as originating from a highly regarded manufacturer but in practice are merely shells which contain a lower-specification (and physically smaller) component internally.
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Factories that manufacture counterfeit designer brand garments and watches are usually located in developing countries, with between 85% and 95% of all counterfeit goods coming from China.
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technology to provide their products with unique digital identification, make authentication and ownership records simpler and also enabling customers to access unique online content. The
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1009:(also called a Chinese Blueprint due to its prevalence in China) to produce a product that looks identical and performs like the original, and able to pass physical and electrical tests.
994:
flash memory IC (right) and its counterfeit replica (left); although the packaging of these ICs are the same, an X-ray image reveals that the inside structure of the fake one is different
2037:
549:
despite their improved interception technologies, "the problem of counterfeit and pirated trade has not diminished, but has become a major threat for modern knowledge-based economies."
480:
products made up 5 to 7% of world trade in 2013, and in 2014 cost an estimated 2.5 million jobs worldwide, with up to 750,000 jobs lost in the U.S. About 5% of goods imported into the
2141:
tags that can be activated or detected by devices at exit points and require specialized tools to deactivate. Anti-counterfeiting technologies that can be used with packaging include:
4693:
928:
2997:"Presidential Executive Order on Establishing Enhanced Collection and Enforcement of Antidumping and Countervailing Duties and Violations of Trade and Customs Laws – The White House"
2329:
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1949:
pharmaceuticals, food, vehicle parts, tobacco products, clothing, and agrochemicals. Over 7.2 million counterfeit and illicit items weighing more than 120 tonnes were confiscated.
4577:
494:, in 2018 counterfeiting was the largest criminal enterprise in the world. Sales of counterfeit and pirated goods totals $ 1.7 trillion per year, which is more than drugs and
4084:
2646:
5279:
4804:
3944:
4215:
2053:
2706:
2092:
Social media surveillance – New technical filters and deploy further resources; engaging in open information sharing; and promoting broader awareness in public campaigns
4391:
2077:
It also highlights the scale, impact, and characteristics of infringement, and that sophistication from counterfeiters continues to grow through social media platforms.
5541:
2602:
2447:
4880:
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1624:
390:
products made up 5 to 7% of world trade in 2013, and in 2014 cost an estimated 2.5 million jobs worldwide. Counterfeit products exist in virtually every industry.
2359:
1495:
Convention's Food Fraud Database were: milk, olive oil, honey, saffron, fish, coffee, orange juice, apple juice, black pepper, and tea. A 2014 report by the U.S.
5315:
5105:
429:
are reproductions of copyrighted products used without permission, such as music, movies or software. Exact definitions depend on the laws of various countries.
4990:
4965:"Farewell, My Logo: A Detective Story - Counterfeiting Name Brands is Shaping Up as the Crime of the 21st Century. It Costs U.S. Companies $ 200 Billion a Year"
5253:
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4785:
4244:
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has increased. Numerous cases of intentional food fraud have been discovered. As of 2013, the foods most commonly listed as adulterated or mislabelled in the
1099:. If the counterfeit media has packaging good enough to be mistaken for the genuine product, it is sometimes sold as such. Music enthusiasts may use the term
2095:
Continued enforcement measures – Rogue website actions; customs training and cooperation with law enforcement; and addressing counterfeit goods at the source
587:
to, among other things, ensure the timely and efficient enforcement of laws protecting Intellectual Property Rights holders from imported counterfeit goods.
4028:
2884:
560:(CBP) to stem the influx of counterfeit goods into the U.S., there was a 38% increase in counterfeits seized between 2012 and 2016. In a test survey by the
3104:
4764:
1973:
described the conditions she witnessed in other country's sweatshops, noting that children workers are often smuggled into countries and sold into labor:
4434:
4068:
1327:
784:
5437:
4742:
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1025:
report highlighted the risks when it identified approximately 1,800 cases of suspected counterfeit parts in the defense supply chain in 2009 and 2010.
866:
Others realize that most consumers do not care if the goods they buy are counterfeit and just wish to purchase inexpensive products. The popularity of
4157:
PR Newswire, "Police Raid Chinese Toy Factory: Moose Enterprise and Local Police Seize Over 150,000 Counterfeit Shopkins Toys in China", July 31, 2015
1161:
Along with making illicit parts for almost any major product, the fashion industry has become a major target of counterfeiters using 3D printing. The
978:
has laid out regulations to require "Digital Product Passports" for new all textile products manufactured in or imported to the EU beginning in 2030.
3655:
4515:
3078:
2045:
753:
counterfeiters had to transport most counterfeits through large cargo shipments, criminals now can use small parcel mail to avoid most inspections.
5594:
Point-and-shoot: rapid quantitative detection methods for on-site food fraud analysis – moving out of the laboratory and into the food supply chain
3048:
2393:
1784:
These products frequently show up for sale on online sites such as Amazon and eBay. Efforts to report them as fraudulent receive little response.
5561:
Copyrighting Couture: An Examination of Fashion Design Protection and Why the DPPA and IDPPPA are a Step Towards the Solution to Counterfeit Chic
4139:
3682:
1517:, to make milk appear to have a higher protein content in government tests. It caused 900 infants to be hospitalized and resulted in six deaths.
2859:
4197:
3252:
3056:
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5406:
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thousands of toys every month to prevent children coming into contact with them, according to the British Toy and Hobby Association (BTHA).
1028:
5609:"Through-container, extremely low concentration detection of multiple chemical markers of counterfeit alcohol using a handheld SORS device"
3231:
2770:
2337:
674:
is also found in the West, although primarily a problem for collectors of rare wine. Famous examples of counterfeiting include the case of
4325:
4100:
2632:
5422:
Stroppa, Andrea (2016). "Social media and luxury goods counterfeit: a growing concern for government, industry and consumers worldwide".
5691:
5280:"According to the Spanish authorities, cases involving counterfeit products are often linked to the organisation of illegal immigration"
1922:
1013:
731:
553:
4341:
3266:
3134:
2910:
1929:, Mexico, Switzerland and China had not yet signed the agreement. Due to the latter, critics evaluated the agreement as insubstantial.
1538:
tested fish at 17 sushi restaurants found that fish being sold as red snapper actually was mostly tilapia. Other inspections uncovered
1858:
1801:
seized and shut down 82 websites as part of a U.S. crackdown of websites that sell counterfeit goods, and was timed to coincide with "
1715:
are an example of the multi-pronged threat of counterfeiting, providing hundreds of millions of dollars per year to terrorist groups.
1249:
724:
557:
5353:
4375:
3960:
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was a multinational incident involving horse meat (and pork) being found in food products that were labelled as only containing beef.
5074:
4584:
3974:
998:
986:
806:
607:
394:
2204:
Tactile prints - dots printed directly onto surface of the product, provide embossed finishes to highlight specific design features
5286:
4801:
4624:
1330:(CDC) claiming that sixty-six percent (66%) of the 63,600 overdose deaths in 2016 were caused by opioids, including fentanyl. The
917:
Consumers may choose to actively dismiss these unclear origins of product when a trendy style is available for little money. The
1768:
which has been programmed to implement the same programming interface to a greater or lesser extent. Another example is that of
5701:
4829:
4683:
3500:
2138:
2006:
1798:
1331:
1291:
1022:
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1687:. Examples include the injection of non-food grade gels into shrimp and prawns to increase their weight and visual appeal and
5336:
4044:
3425:
3023:
2240:
2134:
1496:
1471:
788:
577:
81:
3292:
2610:
2360:"NRC OIG Releases Two Reports on Findings Regarding Counterfeit, Fraudulent, and Suspect Items in U.S. Nuclear Power Plants"
687:
4717:
4000:
3453:
1051:
estimated that one in five (19%) of smartphones sold worldwide were counterfeit, with the numbers growing. Alibaba founder
5257:
4182:
3202:
1819:
1209:
895:
4877:
4643:
4412:
3343:
2061:
1617:
1521:
1345:
1221:
398:
3831:"Terahertz characterization of electronic components and comparison of terahertz imaging with X-ray imaging techniques"
2829:
2492:
1752:
There have, however, been situations where components have been fully counterfeit. A fairly typical example is that of
884:
Some counterfeiters have begun to manufacture their goods in the same factory as the authentic goods. 'Yuandan goods' (
4964:
1370:
sold in Africa—worth some $ 438m a year—are counterfeit. In early 2018 29 tons in counterfeit medicine were seized by
941:
practice. Stock-rooms have been replaced with mobile shopping vans that are constantly moving and difficult to track.
2739:
2577:
1509:
In 2008, U.S. consumers were "panicked" and a "media firestorm" ensued when Chinese milk was discovered to have been
421:—often of inferior quality—made or sold under another's brand name without the brand owner's authorization. The term
5234:
5003:
4918:
4116:
2154:
Encrypted micro-particles - unpredictably placed markings (numbers, layers, and colors) not visible to the human eye
5696:
3165:
2943:
2189:
Security pigments and inks - marks only visible under ultraviolet light and is not under normal lighting conditions
1492:
637:
5192:
4660:
2448:"Knock-off the Knockoffs: The Fight Against Trademark and Copyright Infringement – Illinois Business Law Journal"
2166:
1745:
1612:
The "secondary" grocery industry is susceptible to food fraud by diverting products deemed unfit for consumption.
1580:
1510:
1295:
565:
5140:
4475:
3701:
3526:
2175:
1839:
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1105:
to differentiate otherwise-unavailable recordings from counterfeited copies of commercially released material.
5607:
Ellis, D.I.; Eccles, R.; Xu, Y.; Griffen, J.; Muhamadali, H.; Matousek, P.; Goodall, I.; Goodacre, R. (2017).
4555:
1322:
also contain fentanyl as a key ingredient. Online pharmacies had flooded the US market and contributed to the
5673:
Social media and luxury goods counterfeit: a growing concern for government, industry and consumers worldwide
5160:
5593:
5066:
3753:
2977:"Intellectual Property: Agencies Can Improve Efforts to Address Risks Posed by Changing Counterfeits Market"
2796:
2290:
2133:; these too are subject to counterfeiting. Packages also can include anti-theft devices, such as dye-packs,
1769:
1712:
1657:
1565:
was discovered to have been adulterated with brandy, and their honey was mixed with cheaper sugars, such as
1274:
830:
777:
699:
4016:
2959:
1937:
1880:
1871:
1646:
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1381:
918:
409:
5376:
4523:
5535:
5354:"Nowotarski, Mark, "The Power of Policing Trademarks and Design Patents", IPWatchdog, 25 September 2013"
4056:
3552:
1741:
1555:
1213:
3178:
2163:- graphics printed on seals, patches, foils or labels and used at point of sale for visual verification
3470:
2911:"Popular goods sold through Amazon, Walmart and others are counterfeits: Government report - CBS News"
2178:
tagging for authentication - short-range wireless connectivity that stores information between devices
1366:
drugs in Africa and South-East Asia are fake, while the UN estimated in 2013 that roughly half of the
572:
States, and claimed that the Chinese government encourages intellectual property theft. Utah Governor
5620:
5515:
5377:"Harris, Dan, "How to Stop China Counterfeiting, Or At Least Reduce It", ChinaLawBlog, 21 April 2013"
4938:
3842:
1525:
3387:
2470:
The Economics of Counterfeit Trade: Governments, Consumers, Pirates and Intellectual Property Rights
5486:
5463:"New trends in online counterfeiting require updated enforcement policies - World Trademark Review"
4539:
4194:
3371:
3149:
1461:
1136:
975:
720:
64:
4850:
4140:"A deluge of counterfeit toys is leaving children exposed to toxic chemicals, safety experts warn"
3921:
2075:
counterfeit goods from accounts usually based in China, Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Ukraine.
4969:
3858:
2830:"Fighting counterfeit pharmaceuticals: New defenses for an underestimated - and growing - menace"
2250:
1367:
1348:(FDA) defines counterfeit drugs as those sold under a product name without proper authorization:
1006:
1002:
592:
2673:
2041:
Instagram spambots featuring Louis Vuitton, selling counterfeit luxury items of different brands
1314:, which is 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine. Counterfeit versions of other narcotics like
1114:
infringing imports will hardly make a dent in the global piracy of intellectual property rights.
4865:
2647:"Knocked out by knock-offs: Counterfeit products, mostly from China, are hurting Indian brands"
1857:
For trademark owners wishing to identify and prevent the importation of counterfeit goods, the
5661:
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5402:
5070:
5029:
5025:
4511:
4428:
4296:
4166:
3395:
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2255:
2126:
2117:
1534:
1412:
1241:
1101:
1076:
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633:
564:
of various items purchased online of major brands, all of which stated they were certified by
495:
3837:. Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems IX: Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense.
1684:
723:
states that worldwide such e-commerce sales are expected to reach over $ 4 trillion by 2020.
5636:
5628:
5597:
5583:
5523:
4609:
4286:
3850:
1990:
1547:
745:
675:
573:
43:
35:
31:
4939:"U.S. Customs and Border Protection Intellectual Property Rights e-Recordation Application"
4357:
2633:"Global trade in fake goods worth nearly half a trillion dollars a year - OECD & EUIPO"
819:
498:. It is expected to grow to $ 2.8 trillion and cost 5.4 million jobs by 2022. According to
4925:
4884:
4808:
4379:
4372:
4201:
4123:
3909:
3457:
2295:
2219:
2057:
Instagram spambot featuring sellers who embedded their contact details on published images
2002:
1998:
1983:
1875:
1765:
1562:
1323:
1254:
1205:
855:
584:
5235:"Counterfeit goods are linked to terror groups - Business - International Herald Tribune"
4448:
2707:"Meet The Man Fighting America's Trade War Against Chinese Counterfeits (It's Not Trump)"
683:
5658:
Share and share alike: the challenges from social media for intellectual property rights
5624:
5519:
5399:
Share and share alike: the challenges from social media for intellectual property rights
3846:
1079:
and other media that are easily copied can be counterfeited and sold through vendors at
5641:
5608:
4480:
4291:
4274:
2245:
2216:
fingerprinting - uniquely coded microscopic materials that are verified from a database
2207:
2122:
2088:
counterfeiting. Below are some emerging solutions suggested by World Trademark Review:
1926:
1811:
867:
863:
thing looks like, while others put some serious effort into mimicking fashion details.
695:
691:
679:
481:
176:
4822:"Lincoln Han - Counterfeits, fake goods, intellectual property and infringement aware"
914:
to 'Guccy' for its spring/summer 2018 collection and painting REAL all over the bags.
5685:
5503:
5144:
4313:
3862:
3830:
2192:
1918:
1719:
1589:
1358:
1225:
1166:
cost after gaining access to pirated blueprints or digital files from manufacturers.
1148:
1080:
906:
859:
730:
Internet sales of counterfeit goods has been growing exponentially, according to the
664:
445:
426:
116:
17:
4991:"Obama Administration Responds to We the People Petitions on SOPA and Online Piracy"
4821:
3829:
Ahi, Kiarash (May 13, 2015). Anwar, Mehdi F; Crowe, Thomas W; Manzur, Tariq (eds.).
2148:
Color shifting ink or film - visible marks that switch colors or texture when tilted
5576:
Swindled: The Dark History of Food Fraud, from Poisoned Candy to Counterfeit Coffee
4449:"Food Fraud and "Economically Motivated Adulteration" of Food and Food Ingredients"
2771:"Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods: Mapping the Economic Impact | READ online"
2098:
Reinforce in postal service – advance data screening for mail parcels and shipments
1994:
1966:
1802:
1605:
1488:
1258:
1237:
1084:
1064:
698:. In both cases, the victims of the fraud were high-end wine collectors, including
580:
5592:
Ellis, D.I., Muhamadali, H., Haughey, S.A., Elliott, C.T. and Goodacre, R. (2015)
4069:"Illegal, Immoral, and Here to Stay Counterfeiting and the 3D Printing Revolution"
1700:
effects, such as eye infections or allergic reactions, from counterfeit products.
511:
4802:"Senate Armed Services Committee Releases Report on Counterfeit Electronic Parts"
3656:"Amazon launches new tools that allow brands to proactively fight counterfeiting"
3105:"14.8 million litres alcoholic drinks seized across Europe - European Commission"
663:. The problem is so widespread in China, the U.S. and Europe, that auction house
5675:(pp. 1–50, Rep.) (B. Parrella, Ed.). Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post.
4261:"Combatting the Opioid Crisis: Exploiting Vulnerabilities in International Mail"
4220:
3979:
2550:
2305:
2130:
2031:
1970:
1958:
1884:
1874:(SOPA). If the bill had been passed, it would have expanded the ability of U.S.
1806:
1757:
1572:
In 2008, U.S. food safety officers seized more than 10,000 cases of counterfeit
1279:
1132:
1128:
1123:
824:
766:
619:
477:
473:
387:
383:
146:
5632:
3579:"Counterfeit Fashion Is Funding Terrorism, Sweatshops, and Untold Human Misery"
3450:
3426:"Counterfeit Fashion Is Funding Terrorism, Sweatshops, and Untold Human Misery"
1957:
Counterfeit products are often produced in violation of basic human rights and
1178:
4676:
3318:"What We Know – and What We Don't – About Counterfeit Goods and Small Parcels"
2285:
2270:
2023:
1962:
1831:
1688:
1680:
1597:
1466:
1420:
1363:
1245:
1229:
1217:
1196:
1088:
971:
671:
649:
348:
186:
4029:"China is still a notorious market for movie and TV show piracy, report says"
3399:
2885:"U.S. Customs Needs To Share More Info on Counterfeits With Online Retailers"
2529:
2976:
2265:
2113:
1843:
1668:
1315:
1192:
1184:
1068:
1033:
469:
461:
379:
371:
261:
241:
5650:
5137:
4625:"Fraudsters convicted for selling spoiled, tainted food to discount grocer"
4300:
4085:"Germany: Counterfeiting, 3D printing and the third Industrial Revolution"
3232:"One-Third of Online Shoppers Victims of Counterfeit Sales – 24/7 Wall St"
2364:
Office of the Inspector General (OIG), Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
507:
stores are closing up, and we're becoming a duopoly of Walmart and Amazon.
3945:"New Tricks Needed to Stop the €45 Billion Counterfeit Smartphone Market"
3122:
2517:
2300:
2275:
2210:
seals and tapes - destructible or graphically verifiable at point of sale
2160:
2027:
1945:
1901:
1847:
1835:
1609:
in 2011 found widespread mislabelling of fish served in area restaurants.
1585:
1514:
1371:
1319:
1311:
1200:
1092:
682:, who was indicted in March 2012 for attempting to sell faked bottles of
629:
311:
271:
76:
4919:"Counterfeit Luxury: Feds Bust Largest-Ever Counterfeit Smuggling Ring."
4786:"Counterfeit Chinese Parts Slipping Into U.S. Military Aircraft: Report"
2330:"Global trade in fake goods worth nearly half a trillion dollars a year"
1044:
anti-lock braking system (ABS) fails, or a cell phone battery explodes.
5601:
5587:
4689:
3854:
3780:"EXCLUSIVE: Mugler Teams Up With Arianee for Digital Passports in Bags"
3460:, Tilleke & Gibbins International, Thailand, accessed March 8, 2014
2213:
2199:
2184:
1933:
1723:
1593:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1389:
1302:
million people die each year from taking toxic counterfeit medication.
1052:
933:
902:
counterfeit goods, as their production often funds more serious crime.
847:
791: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
703:
660:
625:
291:
196:
166:
5527:
944:
Companies like Entrupy are determined to eradicate fake goods with an
702:, who sued both Rodenstock and Kurniawan over fake wines sold both at
5401:. UK Government: Intellectual Property Office. 2017. pp. 1–150.
4851:"U.S. Shutters 82 Sites in Crackdown on Downloads, Counterfeit Goods"
1851:
1827:
1805:," the start of the holiday online shopping season. Attorney General
1650:
1551:
1396:
1385:
1284:
1262:
1233:
967:
945:
490:
465:
449:
375:
347:)—are goods, often of inferior quality, made or sold under another's
251:
136:
39:
5311:
2281:
Intellectual property infringement in the People's Republic of China
2172:
Micro-printing - second line authentication often used on currencies
2049:
Instagram spambots featuring profile keywords and posting techniques
2005:. The FBI has found evidence that a portion of the financing of the
1338:
country different from one the website claims. A 2018 report by the
5560:
5176:
2065:
Russian-based website specializing in Chanel bags at cheaper prices
5504:"Patterned optical anisotropy in woven conjugated polymer systems"
5138:"Counterfeit drugs making nonsense of medical practice in Nigeria"
5121:
3135:"Pricey counterfeit labels proliferate as China wine market booms"
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
1914:
1764:, Prolific and others which in practice contain a general-purpose
1436:
1432:
1424:
1375:
1278:
1177:
1027:
991:
985:
962:
927:
911:
877:
851:
835:
829:
818:
606:
currency. The spread of counterfeit goods are worldwide, with the
510:
418:
408:
321:
281:
231:
206:
156:
126:
4735:"Illicit cigarette tracking and the financing of organized crime"
4017:"Nearly $ 1 Million Worth of Counterfeit Movies and Music Seized"
1961:
laws and human rights laws, as they are often created in illegal
1814:
to block access to foreign Web sites offering counterfeit goods.
1744:. Rather, what is fraudulent is the issuing by the reseller of a
5660:. UK Government: Intellectual Property Office. 2017. 99. 1–150.
4392:"Customs seize Chinese cargo with fake 'made-in-India' products"
4263:, Report of the Committee on Homeland Security, January 24, 2018
4045:"22 more fake Apple stores found in Kunming, China, says report"
3961:"Top 5 reasons why counterfeit goods are getting harder to spot"
3049:"Global Impacts Study | ICC - International Chamber of Commerce"
2419:"Dupes Are the Legal Problem That May Be Lurking in Your Closet"
2222:
systems - use codes to link products to database tracking system
1761:
1384:
has found fake versions of at least 20 of its products, such as
1162:
1096:
1048:
1017:
870:
in the late 1970s and early 1980s spurred a flood of knockoffs.
843:
545:
520:
485:
5502:
MĂĽller, Christian, Garriga, M. & Campoy-Quiles, M. (2012).
5161:"Interpol seizes 25 mln USD fake goods in worldwide operations"
5063:
High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy
4878:"French warning on counterfeits: don't sell 'em, don't buy 'em"
4101:"How to Tell What’s Real and What’s Fake in a 3D Printed World"
1913:
On October 1, 2011, the governments of eight nations including
1600:(87%) and tuna (59%) were the most commonly mislabeled species.
1199:
have experienced problems with counterfeiting of their popular
678:, who was involved with the so-called "Jefferson bottles," and
5312:"Counterfeit goods fund violent gang activity | abc7.com"
2578:"750,000 lost jobs? The dodgy digits behind the war on piracy"
1753:
1446:
1339:
1072:
760:
715:
561:
351:
without the brand owner's authorization. The colloquial terms
301:
48:
5030:"Facing Counterfeiting Crackdown, Beijing Vendors Fight Back"
3471:"Is Counterfeiting Actually Good for Fashion? | Highsnobiety"
2151:
DNA tracking - genes embedded onto labels that can be traced
515:
Growth in seizures of counterfeit goods by the United States
4811:, U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee Report, May 21, 2012
4342:"Interpol: Raids in 36 countries yield $ 25M in fake goods"
3553:"Can Technology Keep Fake Handbags Out of the Marketplace?"
2225:
Water indicators - become visible when contacted with water
1623:
New U.S. seafood tracing regulations were announced by the
4765:"Smoke and mirrors in Turkey with illicit cigarette trade"
4610:"Globe investigation finds widespread seafood mislabeling"
4540:"Something fishy? Counterfeit foods enter the U.S. market"
4382:
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, January 15, 2009
2856:"Counterfeit goods: How to tell the real from the rip-off"
1722:
sits on top of any baseline hazard ascribed to commercial
1395:
Other prescription drugs that have been counterfeited are
5337:"MSU LAUNCHES FIRST ANTI-COUNTERFEITING RESEARCH PROGRAM"
4001:"Movie piracy: threat to the future of films intensifies"
3702:"Gen Z Doesn't Care If Their Luxury Merch Is Counterfeit"
3079:"Counterfeit Goods Shaving Billions From Italian Economy"
4897:
3898:
Counterfeit Integrated Circuits: Detection and Avoidance
3369:
Johnson, Janis (February 5, 1981). "Counterfeit jeans".
3344:"Nike Shoes Among Most Counterfeited Goods in the World"
3166:
The New Yorker, September 3, 2007: The Jefferson Bottles
1554:
sold in 2005-2006 were actually wild, and the rest were
460:
Sellers of counterfeit goods may infringe on either the
393:
The spread of counterfeit goods are worldwide, with the
4694:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
3293:"Amazon's Chinese counterfeit problem is getting worse"
3203:"Video New warning of counterfeit products sold online"
2129:
to help indicate that the package and contents are not
5004:"SOPA author withdraws controversial anti-piracy bill"
4868:
U.S. Dept. of Justice Press Release, November 29, 2010
4718:"Fake makeup can be an easy buy – and a health hazard"
4275:"The health and economic effects of counterfeit drugs"
2944:"Counterfeit Goods Cost the U.S. $ 600 Billion a Year"
2101:
Adopting a set of best practices in payment processors
2080:
brands according to a study from The Washington Post.
1550:
found that less than half of supposedly "wild-caught"
844:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
4245:"Latest Interpol-led Pangea op nets rogue pharmacies"
3880:"The Serious Risks From Counterfeit Electronic Parts"
3683:"Amazon Weaponizes Brands, AI in Fight Against Fakes"
3631:"Amazon Weaponizes Brands, AI in Fight Against Fakes"
3253:"Addressing the Sale of Counterfeits on the Internet"
2603:"Product counterfeiting puts consumer safety at risk"
2104:
Collaborate with third-party cooperation for reliance
5438:"That Chanel bag on your Instagram feed may be fake"
4866:"Federal Courts Order Seizure of 82 Website Domains"
4167:"5 accused of importing counterfeit, hazardous toys"
3502:
How fake handbags fund terrorism and organized crime
4677:"Food frauds - Intention, detection and management"
4185:, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, July 26, 2017
4117:"The New World of 3D Printing … and Counterfeiting"
1592:were being passed off as relatively safe fish like
1012:Incidents involving counterfeit ICs has led to the
367:, although their legal meanings are not identical.
62:It has been suggested that this article should be
30:"Knock off" redirects here. For the 1998 film, see
3975:"Dealers Do Roaring Trade in Fake Euro 2012 Goods"
2493:"Challenging the Counterfeit Connector Conundrum"
568:, the GAO found that 43% were nonetheless fakes.
370:Sellers of such goods may infringe on either the
108:% total value of seizures, excludes online piracy
5193:"Garment Sweatshops in Argentina an Open Secret"
4273:Blackstone, EA; Fuhr, JP Jr; Pociask, S (2014).
2380:The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy
1941:this fine and return to business the next day."
1870:In October 2011, a bill was introduced entitled
1862:rights holders from imported counterfeit goods.
440:(duplicate) are often used interchangeably with
363:(duplicate) are often used interchangeably with
5569:Knockoff: The Deadly Trade in Counterfeit Goods
5106:"ACTA is worthless without Chinese involvement"
5090:"Anti-counterfeiting agreement signed in Tokyo"
4578:"Oceana study reveals seafood fraud nationwide"
4556:"Oceana study reveals seafood fraud nationwide"
4195:"Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals and Public Health"
2955:
2953:
1975:
1822:, fight the global trade in counterfeit goods.
1625:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1154:
1111:
736:
504:
5122:"EU defends final Acta text on counterfeiting"
4326:"Counterfeit drugs raise Africa’s temperature"
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2472:, Springer Science & Business Media (2009)
2116:can be engineered to help reduce the risks of
5343:, Michigan State University, February 8, 2010
5254:"Mexican drug cartels tap counterfeit market"
5177:"Counterfeiting: Many Risks and Many Victims"
4661:"Counterfeit food a 'serious threat' says EC"
4240:
4238:
3728:"How 'Dupe' Culture Took Over Online Fashion"
3605:"Instagram has a counterfeit fashion problem"
3150:"After luxury bags, counterfeit luxury wines"
3123:"China fakes Australian premium organic wine"
2991:
2989:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2962:, The National Bureau of Asian Research, 2017
1579:From 2010 until 2012, the conservation group
1001:have proliferated in recent years, including
885:
8:
5540:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4685:Food safety toolkit for Asia and the Pacific
3226:
3224:
2324:
2322:
2145:2D barcodes - data codes that can be tracked
1137:from its Finnish copyright/trademark owners.
552:In the U.S., despite coordinated efforts by
425:(CFSI) is also used to describe such goods.
4671:
4669:
4535:
4533:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4057:"China steals "Angry Birds" for theme park"
3874:
3872:
3255:, International Trademark Association, 2018
2981:U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
1781:"counterfeits of counterfeits" progresses.
1532:, a common and less flavorful species. The
1460:It has been suggested that this section be
1095:sources, including open auction sites like
105:Top countries whose IP rights are infringed
5671:Stroppa, A., & Stefano, D. D. (2016).
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
4944:. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2006
4713:
4711:
4204:, Michigan State Univ., Public Health dept
2879:
2877:
1328:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1306:pharmaceuticals, and arrested 400 people.
423:counterfeit, fraudulent, and suspect items
341:counterfeit, fraudulent, and suspect items
5640:
5216:
5214:
4314:"Counterfeit Drugs Questions and Answers"
4290:
3752:Suthivarakom, Ganda (February 11, 2020).
3520:
3518:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
1524:found that 77 percent of fish labeled as
807:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Goods fraudulently sold under brand names
5222:Sonia Sotomayor: The True American Dream
4993:, The White House Blog, January 14, 2012
4183:"Charleston CBP Seizes Counterfeit Toys"
2797:"Sale of fake goods hits alarming level"
2732:"Combating trademark and product piracy"
2674:"How Chinese counterfeiting hurts India"
2442:
2440:
1667:scandal involved milk contaminated with
1021:including the military. In 2012, a U.S.
224:Provenance of counterfeit goods in 2013
4583:. Oceana. February 2013. Archived from
3494:
3492:
3267:"Amazon May Have a Counterfeit Problem"
2318:
2022:Major internet shopping sites, such as
734:, which lists a number of reasons why:
5533:
5497:
5495:
4898:"European Anti-Counterfeiting Network"
4433:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4426:
3758:Wirecutter: Reviews for the Real World
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2375:
2373:
1718:The harm arising from this amalgam of
476:its goods as made by the brand owner.
386:its goods as made by the brand owner.
3835:SPIE Sensing Technology+ Applications
3754:"Welcome to the Era of Fake Products"
3577:Street, Mikelle (December 21, 2016).
3420:
3418:
3416:
3024:"RFID Tags Won't Stop Counterfeiting"
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2497:Connector and Cable Assembly Supplier
2468:Chaudhry, Peggy E., Zimmerman, Alan.
1760:"dongles" ostensibly manufactured by
1665:2013 European aflatoxin contamination
1464:out into another article titled
1411:, used to treat influenza, including
1120:Motion Picture Association of America
484:in 2013 were fakes, according to the
448:if they confuse consumers or violate
42:. For creative work derivatives, see
7:
5596:. Analytical Methods. 7, 9401–9414.
5356:. Ipwatchdog.com. September 25, 2013
5318:from the original on August 11, 2012
3922:"Exploding Cell Phones Spur Recalls"
3805:"Ecodesign for sustainable products"
3778:Templeton, Lily (November 7, 2023).
3386:Schiro, Anne-Marie (April 4, 1981).
1820:European Anti-Counterfeiting Network
1776:Other counterfeit product categories
789:adding citations to reliable sources
5578:, Princeton University Press (2008)
5195:, Inter Press Service, May 30, 2015
4928:Second City Style, December 6, 2007
4887:, Applied DNA Sciences, May 3, 2011
4474:Larson, Sarah (September 4, 2023).
3726:Jones, C. T. (September 15, 2022).
3700:Klara, Robert (November 15, 2023).
3499:Gray, Alastair (December 6, 2017),
2576:Sanchez, Julian (October 8, 2008).
2394:"Shoppers Are Stuck in a Dupe Loop"
1923:Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
919:French terrorist attack in 2015 at
732:International Trademark Association
554:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
34:. For the Jess Moskaluke song, see
5487:How Anti-shoplifting Devices Work"
5314:. Abclocal.go.com. June 10, 2010.
5252:Borunda, Daniel (April 19, 2012).
5206:Deluxe: How Luxury Lost Its Luster
4663:MeatProcess.com, November 13, 2006
4214:Shafy, Samiha (January 30, 2008).
3973:Eichhofer, André (June 13, 2012).
3910:"Counterfeit Products On The Rise"
2672:Pathak, Sriparna (June 26, 2018).
2609:. January 15, 2011. Archived from
2392:Mull, Amanda (February 24, 2023).
1859:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1423:. The EU reported that as of 2005
1250:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
25:
5426:. Washington, D.C. pp. 1–50.
4623:Pulkkinen, Levi (July 19, 2019).
3265:Semuels, Alana (April 20, 2018).
2491:Hult, Robert (November 5, 2013).
1407:, used to treat prostate cancer,
999:Counterfeit electronic components
608:International Chamber of Commerce
417:A counterfeit consumer good is a
395:International Chamber of Commerce
5006:. Memeburn.com. January 23, 2012
4832:from the original on May 8, 2021
4476:"The Lies in Your Grocery Store"
3525:Thomas, Dana (January 9, 2009).
2705:Shepard, Wade (March 29, 2019).
2336:. April 18, 2016. Archived from
1451:
765:
413:Knockoff Sharpie named "Skerple"
53:
5256:. El Paso Times. Archived from
4644:"US aims to curb seafood fraud"
2139:electronic article surveillance
2007:1993 World Trade Center bombing
1799:Department of Homeland Security
1797:On November 29, 2010, the U.S.
1500:lists are increasingly common.
1332:Drug Enforcement Administration
1118:China has been targeted by the
1023:Senate Armed Services Committee
776:needs additional citations for
5564:, 78 Tenn. L. Rev. 163 (2010).
5375:Harris, Dan (April 21, 2013).
4963:Curry, Sheree (May 13, 1996).
4642:Abel, David (March 16, 2015).
4453:Congressional Research Service
4059:, CBS News, September 16, 2011
3681:Lee, Adriana (March 4, 2019).
3629:Lee, Adriana (March 1, 2019).
3603:Lieber, Chavie (May 2, 2019).
2241:2013 meat adulteration scandal
2176:NFC (Near Field Communication)
1497:Congressional Research Service
1036:confiscated by the Philippine
1:
4019:, Chester Law, March 20, 2018
3451:"Museum of Counterfeit Goods"
3022:Lindsey, Joe (May 10, 2016).
2551:"Crackdown on counterfeiting"
2109:Anti-counterfeiting packaging
1866:Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)
1399:, used to treat blood clots,
558:Customs and Border Protection
5467:www.worldtrademarkreview.com
5061:Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024).
3963:, IP Watchdog, June 26, 2018
3912:, Robert J. McGuirl Law Firm
3001:trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov
1618:Food and Drug Administration
1522:University of North Carolina
1346:Food and Drug Administration
1222:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
399:intellectual property rights
4856:magazine, November 29, 2010
4363:magazine, September 2, 2010
4047:, CBS News, August 11, 2011
3551:Mau, Dhani (June 6, 2019).
2167:Kinetic diffraction grating
1982:U.S. Supreme Court justice
1649:was pork contaminated with
688:Domaine de la Romanée-Conti
5718:
5692:Counterfeit consumer goods
5633:10.1038/s41598-017-12263-0
4883:September 3, 2011, at the
4516:"The fake-food detectives"
4378:February 20, 2011, at the
3291:Levy, Ari (July 8, 2016).
1989:The profits often support
1818:organizations such as the
1493:United States Pharmacopeia
1272:
647:
638:European Anti-Fraud Office
617:
337:Counterfeit consumer goods
29:
3527:"The Fight Against Fakes"
3456:October 20, 2020, at the
3322:www.theglobalipcenter.com
1746:Certificate of Conformity
1296:World Health Organization
886:
566:Underwriters Laboratories
71:Counterfeit consumer good
4033:South China Morning Post
3125:, Organic News, June 26.
2946:. AP. February 27, 2017.
2181:Overt and covert feature
1683:is a growing concern in
1567:high-fructose corn syrup
714:In a report by the U.S.
544:It was estimated by the
5571:Kogan Page, U.K. (2006)
5508:Applied Physics Letters
5224:, Penguin (2010) e-book
5208:, Penguin (2007) p. 288
5149:Nigerian Health Journal
5067:Oxford University Press
4558:. Oceana. February 2013
4279:Am Health Drug Benefits
3109:anti-fraud.ec.europa.eu
2635:. OECD. April 18, 2016.
2291:Packaging and labelling
2018:Internet shopping sites
1770:electrolytic capacitors
1704:platforms like Amazon.
1658:2013 horse meat scandal
1603:Genetic testing by the
1275:Counterfeit medications
896:Musée de la Contrefaçon
757:Apparel and accessories
5702:Authentication methods
4741:. 2004. Archived from
4122:July 16, 2018, at the
4089:World Trademark Review
3900:, Springer (2015) p. 5
3388:"Keeping jeans honest"
2960:"IP Commission Report"
2070:Social media platforms
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
1980:
1938:trademark infringement
1881:copyright infringement
1872:Stop Online Piracy Act
1647:2008 Irish pork crisis
1574:extra virgin olive oil
1382:Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
1290:According to the U.S.
1287:
1189:
1159:
1116:
1040:
995:
937:
839:
827:
741:
516:
509:
500:The Counterfeit Report
472:of the brand owner by
414:
382:of the brand owner by
5260:on September 13, 2012
4807:June 1, 2012, at the
4739:Police Chief magazine
4200:July 8, 2013, at the
2518:"Knock-offs catch on"
2121:Packages may include
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
1742:intellectual property
1431:Another 7% came from
1362:, between 15%-30% of
1282:
1214:SpongeBob SquarePants
1181:
1135:) without permission
1129:Angry Birds franchise
1031:
1014:Department of Defense
989:
970:are beginning to use
931:
833:
822:
514:
432:The colloquial terms
412:
68:into articles titled
38:. For the crime, see
18:Fake designer clothes
5241:. February 12, 2007.
4924:May 5, 2011, at the
4745:on December 20, 2005
4526:on October 21, 2010.
4514:(February 8, 2010).
4251:, September 26, 2017
4105:3D Printing Industry
3841:: 94830K–94830K–15.
3809:commission.europa.eu
2450:. September 21, 2009
2366:. February 10, 2022.
1969:, Argentina. Author
785:improve this article
5625:2017NatSR...712082E
5520:2012ApPhL.101q1907M
5489:, HowStuffWorks.com
5424:The Washington Post
4631:. Cascade PBS News.
4590:on December 9, 2017
4415:on October 22, 2018
4075:, February 20, 2015
3949:Developing Telecoms
3896:Tehranipoor, Mark.
3847:2015SPIE.9483E..0KA
3662:. February 28, 2019
3432:. December 21, 2016
3372:The Washington Post
3234:. December 18, 2017
3209:. February 28, 2018
3156:, November 22, 2009
3121:Paull, John (2012)
2917:. February 26, 2018
2742:on February 5, 2007
2613:on January 15, 2011
1403:for schizophrenia,
1142:3D printed products
1131:into a theme park (
1003:integrated circuits
976:European Commission
721:Pew Research Center
614:Alcoholic beverages
5613:Scientific Reports
5602:10.1039/C5AY02048D
5588:10.1039/c2cs35138b
5379:. Chinalawblog.com
5239:The New York Times
5143:July 21, 2012, at
5034:The New York Times
5026:LaFraniere, Sharon
4724:, December 6, 2017
4545:, January 23, 2009
4455:. January 10, 2014
4396:The Times of India
4173:, February 7, 2013
4146:, January 23, 2018
4035:, October 29, 2013
3951:, November 9, 2017
3928:, October 28, 2014
3855:10.1117/12.2183128
3687:Women's Wear Daily
3477:. October 31, 2018
3392:The New York Times
3179:"USA v. Kurniawan"
3140:, January 14, 2012
2653:. January 31, 2018
2251:Compulsory license
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
1713:Illicit cigarettes
1513:with the chemical
1368:antimalarial drugs
1288:
1190:
1041:
1007:reverse-engineered
996:
938:
840:
828:
517:
415:
330: Other (5.6%)
5697:Commercial crimes
5666:978-1-910790-30-4
5528:10.1063/1.4764518
5408:978-1-910790-30-4
5292:on April 10, 2011
5128:, October 7, 2010
5112:, October 7, 2010
5096:, October 1, 2011
5028:(March 1, 2009).
4512:Jeneen Interlandi
4249:Securing Industry
4091:, January 1, 2017
3138:Los Angeles Times
3083:Financial Tribune
2775:oecd-ilibrary.org
2557:. January 8, 2014
2524:. March 4, 2010.
2261:Counterfeit money
2256:Counterfeit watch
2127:security printing
2118:package pilferage
1953:Human rights laws
1535:Chicago Sun-Times
1484:
1483:
1479:
1242:Lightning McQueen
1210:Dora the Explorer
1195:toy manufacturer
1102:bootleg recording
1077:computer software
1038:Bureau of Customs
842:According to the
817:
816:
809:
632:operation called
496:human trafficking
215: Other (14%)
98:
97:
16:(Redirected from
5709:
5654:
5644:
5546:
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5490:
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5475:
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5388:
5386:
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5361:
5350:
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5334:
5328:
5327:
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5308:
5302:
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5297:
5291:
5285:. Archived from
5284:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5249:
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5242:
5231:
5225:
5220:Felix, Antonia.
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4767:. Thenational.ae
4761:
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4522:. Archived from
4508:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4445:
4439:
4438:
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4411:. Archived from
4405:
4399:
4389:
4383:
4370:
4364:
4355:
4349:
4339:
4333:
4332:, U.N., May 2013
4323:
4317:
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4131:
4130:, March 28, 2017
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3887:
3886:. July 11, 2012.
3876:
3867:
3866:
3826:
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3819:
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3794:
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3691:
3690:
3678:
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3669:
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3643:
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3589:
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3567:
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3539:
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3406:
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3376:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3350:. April 18, 2016
3340:
3334:
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3112:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3055:. Archived from
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3003:. March 31, 2017
2993:
2984:
2974:
2963:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2858:. Archived from
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2801:The Edge Markets
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2777:. April 18, 2016
2767:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2738:. Archived from
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2425:. March 30, 2016
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2334:OECD & EUIPO
2326:
2157:Forensic markers
1999:people smugglers
1991:terrorist groups
1548:Consumer Reports
1475:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1419:, used to treat
889:
888:
846:(OECD) in 2016,
812:
805:
801:
798:
792:
769:
761:
676:Hardy Rodenstock
672:Counterfeit wine
401:and trademarks.
329:
319:
309:
299:
289:
279:
269:
259:
249:
239:
229:
214:
204:
194:
184:
174:
164:
154:
144:
134:
124:
114:
109:
93:
90:
57:
56:
49:
44:Spin-off (media)
36:Knock Off (song)
32:Knock Off (film)
21:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5606:
5567:Phillips, Tim.
5558:Sara R. Ellis,
5555:
5553:Further reading
5550:
5549:
5532:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5409:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5219:
5212:
5203:
5199:
5191:
5187:
5183:, July 13, 2010
5175:
5171:
5167:, July 13, 2018
5159:
5155:
5151:, July 16, 2011
5136:
5132:
5120:
5116:
5104:
5100:
5088:
5084:
5077:
5060:
5059:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4926:Wayback Machine
4917:
4913:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4885:Wayback Machine
4876:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4809:Wayback Machine
4800:
4796:
4784:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4716:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4688:. Vol. 5.
4679:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4538:
4531:
4510:
4509:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4425:
4418:
4416:
4409:"Archived copy"
4407:
4406:
4402:
4398:, July 17, 2009
4390:
4386:
4380:Wayback Machine
4373:"News Releases"
4371:
4367:
4356:
4352:
4348:, July 12, 2018
4340:
4336:
4324:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4243:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4202:Wayback Machine
4193:
4189:
4181:
4177:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4150:
4138:
4134:
4128:The Fashion Law
4124:Wayback Machine
4115:
4111:
4099:
4095:
4083:
4079:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4027:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4007:, July 17, 2014
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3943:
3932:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3895:
3891:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3531:Harper's BAZAAR
3524:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3458:Wayback Machine
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3324:. March 7, 2018
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3148:
3144:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3085:. June 26, 2018
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3059:on June 1, 2020
3047:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2975:
2966:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2915:www.cbsnews.com
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2891:. March 6, 2018
2883:
2882:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2862:on June 1, 2020
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2836:. June 29, 2017
2828:
2827:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2803:. April 2, 2018
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2340:on June 2, 2016
2328:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2296:Parallel import
2236:
2220:Track and trace
2111:
2072:
2020:
1984:Sonia Sotomayor
1955:
1932:Countries like
1911:
1909:Other countries
1893:
1876:law enforcement
1868:
1795:
1790:
1778:
1766:microcontroller
1733:
1710:
1697:
1678:
1642:
1633:
1506:
1480:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1324:opioid epidemic
1277:
1271:
1269:Pharmaceuticals
1255:Cartoon Network
1248:. In 2017, the
1206:Winnie the Pooh
1172:
1144:
1091:, and numerous
1062:
984:
813:
802:
796:
793:
782:
770:
759:
712:
706:and privately.
652:
646:
636:was led by the
622:
616:
603:
585:executive order
542:
540:Growing problem
488:. According to
458:
456:Economic impact
407:
334:
333:
332:
331:
327:
325:
317:
315:
307:
305:
297:
295:
287:
285:
277:
275:
267:
265:
257:
255:
247:
245:
237:
235:
227:
219:
218:
217:
216:
212:
210:
202:
200:
192:
190:
182:
180:
172:
170:
162:
160:
152:
150:
142:
140:
132:
130:
122:
120:
112:
107:
106:
94:
88:
85:
58:
54:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5715:
5713:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5684:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5669:
5655:
5604:
5590:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5514:(17): 171907.
5491:
5479:
5454:
5429:
5414:
5407:
5390:
5367:
5345:
5329:
5303:
5271:
5244:
5226:
5210:
5204:Thomas, Dana.
5197:
5185:
5169:
5153:
5130:
5126:EUObserver.com
5114:
5098:
5082:
5075:
5046:
5017:
4995:
4983:
4955:
4930:
4911:
4889:
4870:
4858:
4843:
4826:www.1000uf.com
4813:
4794:
4792:, May 22, 2012
4778:
4756:
4726:
4707:
4665:
4653:
4634:
4615:
4601:
4569:
4547:
4529:
4494:
4481:The New Yorker
4466:
4440:
4400:
4384:
4365:
4358:"Poison pills"
4350:
4334:
4318:
4306:
4265:
4253:
4234:
4206:
4187:
4175:
4159:
4148:
4132:
4109:
4107:, Feb. 5, 2014
4093:
4077:
4061:
4049:
4037:
4021:
4009:
3993:
3965:
3953:
3930:
3914:
3902:
3889:
3868:
3821:
3796:
3770:
3744:
3718:
3706:www.adweek.com
3692:
3673:
3647:
3621:
3595:
3569:
3543:
3514:
3488:
3462:
3443:
3412:
3378:
3361:
3335:
3309:
3283:
3257:
3245:
3220:
3194:
3170:
3158:
3142:
3127:
3114:
3096:
3070:
3053:www.iccwbo.org
3040:
3028:Outside Online
3014:
2985:
2983:, January 2018
2964:
2949:
2928:
2902:
2873:
2847:
2814:
2788:
2753:
2723:
2690:
2664:
2638:
2624:
2594:
2568:
2542:
2509:
2474:
2461:
2436:
2410:
2384:
2369:
2351:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Authentication
2243:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2208:Tamper evident
2205:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2125:seals and use
2123:authentication
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2071:
2068:
2019:
2016:
1954:
1951:
1944:In early 2018
1910:
1907:
1892:
1889:
1867:
1864:
1812:PROTECT IP Act
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1774:
1732:
1731:Military items
1729:
1709:
1706:
1696:
1693:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1654:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1601:
1577:
1570:
1559:
1542:being sold as
1518:
1505:
1502:
1482:
1481:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1354:
1353:
1273:Main article:
1270:
1267:
1171:
1168:
1157:counterfeiter.
1143:
1140:
1081:street markets
1061:
1058:
983:
980:
936:at U.S. border
907:fashion houses
868:designer jeans
815:
814:
773:
771:
764:
758:
755:
711:
708:
696:Domaine Ponsot
692:Clos St. Denis
680:Rudy Kurniawan
648:Main article:
645:
642:
615:
612:
602:
599:
578:U.S. President
541:
538:
482:European Union
457:
454:
446:trademark laws
406:
403:
326:
316:
306:
296:
286:
276:
266:
256:
246:
236:
232:China Mainland
226:
222:
221:
220:
211:
201:
191:
181:
177:United Kingdom
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
121:
111:
103:
102:
101:
96:
95:
61:
59:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5714:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5680:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5577:
5574:Wilson, Bee.
5573:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5543:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5480:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5425:
5418:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5378:
5371:
5368:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5330:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5288:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5259:
5255:
5248:
5245:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5145:archive.today
5142:
5139:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5086:
5083:
5078:
5076:9780197682258
5072:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4779:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4467:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4346:Seattle Times
4343:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4330:AfricaRenewal
4327:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4285:(4): 216–24.
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3982:
3981:
3976:
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3732:Rolling Stone
3729:
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3336:
3328:September 25,
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3302:September 25,
3298:
3294:
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3276:September 25,
3272:
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3249:
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3238:September 25,
3233:
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3213:September 25,
3208:
3204:
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3089:September 25,
3084:
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3033:September 16,
3029:
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3007:September 25,
3002:
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2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2921:September 25,
2916:
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2906:
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2895:September 25,
2890:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2840:September 25,
2835:
2834:Strategy&
2831:
2825:
2823:
2821:
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2815:
2807:September 25,
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2781:September 25,
2776:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
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2733:
2727:
2724:
2716:September 25,
2712:
2708:
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2699:
2697:
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2691:
2683:September 25,
2679:
2675:
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2657:September 25,
2652:
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2625:
2617:September 25,
2612:
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2569:
2561:September 25,
2556:
2552:
2546:
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2535:September 25,
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:The Economist
2519:
2513:
2510:
2502:September 25,
2498:
2494:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
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2465:
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2454:September 25,
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2382:, OECD (2008)
2381:
2376:
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2331:
2325:
2323:
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2307:
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2269:
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2257:
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2247:
2244:
2242:
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2238:
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2231:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
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2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:Security tape
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
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2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:United States
1916:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1813:
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1800:
1793:United States
1792:
1787:
1785:
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1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
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1755:
1750:
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1595:
1591:
1590:king mackerel
1587:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
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1545:
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1537:
1536:
1531:
1528:was actually
1527:
1523:
1520:In 2007, the
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1504:United States
1503:
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1498:
1494:
1490:
1478:
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1469:
1468:
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1387:
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1361:
1360:
1359:The Economist
1356:According to
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
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1226:Power Rangers
1223:
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1149:Gartner Group
1141:
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1130:
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1121:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:night markets
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:Compact discs
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
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1035:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:An authentic
988:
981:
979:
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973:
969:
964:
958:
954:
950:
947:
942:
935:
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926:
923:
922:
921:Charlie Hebdo
915:
913:
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903:
899:
897:
891:
882:
879:
874:
871:
869:
864:
861:
860:Louis Vuitton
857:
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849:
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837:
832:
826:
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800:
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786:
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774:This section
772:
768:
763:
762:
756:
754:
750:
747:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
722:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
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685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
662:
656:
651:
643:
641:
639:
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631:
627:
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613:
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588:
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483:
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455:
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435:
430:
428:
427:Pirated goods
424:
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411:
404:
402:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
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373:
368:
366:
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263:
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233:
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117:United States
110:
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5616:
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5536:cite journal
5511:
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5470:. Retrieved
5466:
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5445:. Retrieved
5441:
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5370:
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5306:
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5287:the original
5274:
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5258:the original
5247:
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5110:The Inquirer
5109:
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5033:
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4986:
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4974:. Retrieved
4968:
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4946:. Retrieved
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4769:. Retrieved
4759:
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4743:the original
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4684:
4656:
4648:Boston Globe
4647:
4637:
4629:crosscut.com
4628:
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4585:the original
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4550:
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4519:
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4469:
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4452:
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4413:the original
4403:
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4360:
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3984:. Retrieved
3978:
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3808:
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3783:
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3735:. Retrieved
3731:
3721:
3711:November 17,
3709:. Retrieved
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3664:. Retrieved
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3608:
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3534:. Retrieved
3530:
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3501:
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3475:Highsnobiety
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3321:
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3271:The Atlantic
3270:
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3248:
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3211:. Retrieved
3206:
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3173:
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3082:
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3061:. Retrieved
3057:the original
3052:
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3000:
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2914:
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2860:the original
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2735:
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2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2607:UL Solutions
2606:
2597:
2587:December 16,
2585:. Retrieved
2582:Ars Technica
2581:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2554:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2521:
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2500:. Retrieved
2496:
2469:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2427:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2398:The Atlantic
2397:
2387:
2379:
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2354:
2344:February 20,
2342:. Retrieved
2338:the original
2333:
2228:
2112:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2021:
2012:
2003:street gangs
1995:drug cartels
1988:
1981:
1976:
1967:Buenos Aires
1956:
1943:
1936:fight brand
1931:
1912:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1869:
1856:
1840:Ralph Lauren
1824:
1816:
1803:Cyber Monday
1796:
1783:
1779:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1720:contaminants
1717:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1685:Asia–Pacific
1679:
1634:
1622:
1615:
1606:Boston Globe
1604:
1533:
1489:bioterrorism
1485:
1477:(April 2024)
1476:
1465:
1435:and 6% from
1430:
1394:
1380:
1357:
1355:
1343:
1336:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1283:Counterfeit
1259:Saban Brands
1238:Mickey Mouse
1191:
1183:
1182:A knock-off
1173:
1160:
1155:
1145:
1124:Apple Stores
1117:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1063:
1047:In 2017 the
1046:
1042:
1032:Counterfeit
1011:
997:
959:
955:
951:
943:
939:
932:Seized fake
920:
916:
904:
900:
892:
883:
875:
872:
865:
841:
834:Counterfeit
825:sports shoes
823:Counterfeit
803:
794:
783:Please help
778:verification
775:
751:
742:
737:
729:
713:
710:Online sales
670:
657:
653:
623:
604:
591:
589:
581:Donald Trump
574:Jon Huntsman
570:
551:
543:
534:
530:
526:
518:
505:
499:
489:
459:
441:
437:
433:
431:
422:
416:
392:
369:
364:
359:
358:
353:
352:
344:
340:
336:
335:
223:
104:
99:
86:
75:
70:
69:
63:
5472:October 28,
5447:October 28,
5322:January 17,
5264:January 17,
5010:January 17,
4904:January 17,
4696:(FAO). 2021
4459:January 19,
4227:January 30,
4221:Der Spiegel
3980:Der Spiegel
3814:November 9,
3789:November 9,
3763:November 9,
3737:November 9,
3666:October 26,
3640:October 26,
3614:October 26,
3588:October 26,
3562:October 26,
3557:Fashionista
3536:October 26,
3508:October 26,
3481:October 31,
3354:November 9,
2889:Nextgov.com
2746:December 6,
2736:Zoll online
2306:Trade dress
2198:Serialized
2131:counterfeit
2032:Alibaba.com
1971:Dana Thomas
1959:child labor
1921:signed the
1885:Lamar Smith
1807:Eric Holder
1788:Enforcement
1758:Serial port
1526:red snapper
1511:adulterated
1326:, with the
982:Electronics
624:In 2022 an
620:Rum-running
478:Counterfeit
474:passing off
442:counterfeit
405:Description
388:Counterfeit
384:passing off
365:counterfeit
147:Switzerland
5686:Categories
5383:August 24,
5360:August 24,
3660:TechCrunch
2678:Asia Times
2313:References
2286:Mockbuster
2271:Game clone
2195:and labels
2024:Amazon.com
1963:sweatshops
1905:products.
1708:Cigarettes
1689:gutter oil
1681:Food fraud
1669:aflatoxins
1467:Food fraud
1421:Alzheimers
1364:antibiotic
1230:Spider-Man
1218:Betty Boop
1197:Moose Toys
1193:Australian
1152:law firm:
1089:mail order
1069:videotapes
1034:cellphones
972:blockchain
876:Expensive
665:Christie's
650:Wine fraud
618:See also:
583:signed an
349:brand name
187:Luxembourg
5442:azcentral
5341:MSU Today
5165:China.org
4836:March 26,
4700:April 17,
4543:USA Today
4487:April 29,
4361:Economist
3863:118178651
3400:0362-4331
3154:Luxuo.com
2651:DNA India
2530:0013-0613
2429:April 25,
2403:April 16,
2266:Famiclone
2161:Holograms
2137:tags, or
2114:Packaging
1844:Baby Phat
1695:Cosmetics
1640:Incidents
1627:in 2015.
1413:Swine flu
1344:The U.S.
1316:OxyContin
1185:Peppa Pig
700:Bill Koch
470:copyright
462:trademark
380:copyright
372:trademark
262:Singapore
242:Hong Kong
5651:28935907
5316:Archived
5141:Archived
5039:March 2,
4922:Archived
4881:Archived
4830:Archived
4805:Archived
4790:ABC News
4771:July 21,
4749:July 31,
4520:Newsweek
4429:cite web
4419:June 28,
4376:Archived
4301:25126373
4198:Archived
4120:Archived
3986:June 13,
3926:CBS News
3454:Archived
3436:April 3,
3405:June 17,
3348:ABC News
3207:ABC News
2301:Shanzhai
2276:Goophone
2234:See also
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2028:eBay.com
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1917:and the
1902:shanzhai
1848:Brooklyn
1836:Burberry
1586:tilefish
1515:melamine
1372:Interpol
1320:Percocet
1312:fentanyl
1201:Shopkins
1133:see here
1093:Internet
934:handbags
797:May 2021
684:La Tâche
634:OPSON XI
630:Interpol
434:knockoff
354:knockoff
312:Pakistan
272:Thailand
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5642:5608898
5621:Bibcode
5516:Bibcode
5296:June 3,
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3843:Bibcode
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2866:June 2,
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1934:Nigeria
1724:tobacco
1651:dioxins
1598:Snapper
1594:grouper
1561:French
1544:grouper
1540:catfish
1530:tilapia
1472:Discuss
1417:Aricept
1409:Tamiflu
1405:Casodex
1401:Zyprexa
1390:Lipitor
1265:, LLC.
1246:Pokémon
1053:Jack Ma
878:watches
856:Supreme
848:Ray-Ban
838:watches
704:auction
661:syringe
626:Europol
593:Outside
528:goods.
450:patents
292:Morocco
244:(21.3%)
234:(63.2%)
197:Finland
167:Germany
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1828:Chanel
1631:Europe
1581:Oceana
1563:cognac
1556:farmed
1552:salmon
1415:, and
1397:Plavix
1386:Viagra
1285:Viagra
1263:Danjaq
1261:, and
1234:Tweety
968:Mugler
946:iPhone
746:Amazon
491:Forbes
466:patent
376:patent
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3182:(PDF)
1915:Japan
1891:China
1462:split
1437:China
1433:Egypt
1425:India
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1060:Media
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963:Shein
912:Gucci
905:Many
852:Rolex
836:Rolex
694:from
686:from
601:Types
322:Egypt
282:India
207:Spain
157:Japan
149:(12%)
139:(12%)
129:(15%)
127:Italy
119:(20%)
65:split
5662:ISBN
5647:PMID
5542:link
5474:2017
5449:2017
5403:ISBN
5385:2014
5362:2014
5324:2014
5298:2009
5266:2014
5181:CNBC
5071:ISBN
5041:2009
5012:2014
4978:2010
4950:2010
4906:2014
4838:2022
4773:2014
4751:2014
4702:2024
4596:2016
4564:2016
4489:2024
4461:2020
4435:link
4421:2016
4297:PMID
4229:2008
3988:2012
3839:9483
3816:2023
3791:2023
3765:2023
3739:2023
3713:2023
3668:2019
3642:2019
3616:2019
3590:2019
3564:2019
3538:2019
3510:2019
3483:2018
3438:2017
3407:2024
3396:ISSN
3356:2023
3330:2023
3304:2023
3297:CNBC
3278:2023
3240:2023
3215:2023
3189:2012
3091:2023
3065:2016
3035:2018
3009:2023
2923:2023
2897:2023
2868:2017
2842:2023
2809:2023
2783:2023
2748:2006
2718:2023
2685:2023
2659:2023
2619:2023
2589:2017
2563:2023
2537:2023
2526:ISSN
2504:2023
2456:2023
2431:2023
2405:2023
2346:2024
2135:RFID
2001:and
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1842:and
1832:Nike
1762:FTDI
1676:Asia
1663:The
1656:The
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1616:The
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1170:Toys
1163:OHIM
1097:eBay
1073:DVDs
1049:OECD
1018:NASA
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546:OECD
521:OECD
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1754:USB
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