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has been a great chance for the newspaper "fakers," and they have improved it. The amount of news which was not news, that has been imagined, telegraphed and printed about this catastrophe would fill a volume. The fantastic yarns that have been published as truth and the fanciful speculations that
374:
said the AP had sent out the bulletin as a trap for newspapers that were reprinting its dispatches without paying for them. "The trap was baited with the 'fake' sensational report of the
President's assassination, and thus The Chicago Associated Press, in pursuance of its wild and reckless and
35:
The
American newspapers are fairly beating their own record at the present time in their success in getting up sensations and setting afloat fake news. . . . our people are in a frame of mind which accepts without question the most absurd statements the mind of man can conceive, and even try to
563:
commented that "Nonsensical and unfathered as it was, it was the straw that broke the back of the wheat market, . . . when the above fake news came in, they threw up their hands and their wheat. It was not a question of prices so much as it was to get rid of property that had no real value."
131:
on the next day, learning that it had been imposed upon by its
Washington news-gatherer, had the grace to make a qualified retraction of the story, but its 'fake' news item will not be checked in its round until it runs out and becomes stale. It will continue to do duty for many a day."
620:
But the Maine disaster is not the only subject which has been used for fake news. There is a certain class of newspapers which seem to be run largely on the fake principle, and when real news is not obtainable, bogus or fake news is substituted. Such papers seem to have good patronage,
430:
from our shores was something of a problem which only sensational and fake journalism can properly answer. . . . we shall no doubt always be vexed by such fake news because we will alwlays have fake journals. This is to be regretted, but there seems to be no remedy for
301:
in which the latter was said to be in the lead for most of the time when actually the
American craft had been leading and won the match. "There were numerous uncomplimentary remarks passed about the fake news association which had so completely befogged itself," wrote
448:
inveighed against the practice by young newspaper sellers "of crying fake news in order to sell papers." The local police chief had given orders to the newspaper dealers "to instruct all the boys that the crying of fake news must be discontinued." The
477:
Nobody can be found in West
Berkeley who saw any such persons as were described . . . in order to fake news enough to fill its columns, the reporter of our contemporary must have imported (in his mind) the seven degraded specimens of humanity. . .
99:
Editor John Albert
Cockerill (1845–1896) told Fred Crawford, the reporter who wrote the story, that he had to retract it. Crawford denied he had made anything up and submitted his resignation. He wrote his version of the event for
551:
The last hour or so, the market was exceptionally weak, due to the dissemination of a bastard piece of so-called information. . . . it was a piece of fake news. . . . It got on the
249:
of Butler County, Ohio: "If we understand the meaning of fake news it is publishing something that has no foundation whatever; something that never took place—like the speech the
40:
426:
Why, the organized soldiery of
Florida amounts to just 1,091 men, and she has no navy. Just how these "cracker" militia were to hurl back the armies of England and drive her
473:." It wrote: "Of late our evening contemporary has fallen into the habit of publishing fake news which can be so readily discerned that even the dullest person can see it."
350:
453:
wrote that buyers "must not further be deceived by the fake cries which have been used to induce large sales . . . at the behest of unscrupulous dealers."
218:
said, "and it did fake a number of papers . . . . It turns out that no murder of that kind occurred . . . and the newspaper liar has gathered in some
1117:
1122:
531:)" and that the "bogus news syndicate is the most prolific and inventive of any 'fake' enterprise of the kind in this or any other country."
192:
who were described as "indulging in bar-room orgies." It was said that "the original of the 'fake'" had first appeared in a local newspaper.
466:
123:
returns "for partisan purposes". A census official said the story was "made up out of whole cloth, without a word of truth in it". The
511:
who cannot speak the
English language correctly, is chairman, and with which a number of millionaires and importers are identified."
366:
was again in trouble when it telegraphed an announcement to its subscribers in the early morning of
October 11, 1895, that President
152:
newspapers for what it called the "fake fiend" of false dispatches supposedly describing events taking place in the West (today's
19:
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64:
380:
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said the news reports were "more serious than a mere swindling of its patrons and the public with false news."
153:
599:, harbor on February 15, 1898, resulted in a spate of newspaper articles seeking a cause for the tragedy. The
330:
claimed that the "fraudulent" (Chicago) Associated Press (which it called a "fake news association" and "fake
102:
580:
495:
both of
Pennsylvania, printed the same article, with the same headlines, decrying what they called a "fake
419:
307:
156:) as a "vain attempt to check emigration." "Whole columns are devoted to stories of local destitution among
1010:
291:
149:
89:
234:
opined in an article castigating the "florid liars" who engaged in it. "Some of these stories rivalled
203:
of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, reported in its August 4, 1891, edition that the center of fakery was in
523:
complained that "The most mendacious and industrious 'fake' news bureau in existence is that of the "
555:, then on the private wires, and in a very short time was "news" in all the markets in the country.
504:
547:
in March 1897. It wrote that "Legitimate news was scarce, fake news, as usual, plentiful . . . ."
794:
188:, on May 2, 1891, for having printed "fake news" concerning four nephews of the late President
572:
503:. "This fake bureau is worked in connection with the fake Business Men's League, of which one
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383:, a rival news service, over its story of "how the Associated Press had used the fake."
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In April 1890, a wire report was sent to newspapers in which it was said that the
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was chastised in several newspapers for sending telegraphic bulletins during a
207:, from whence "came a story that a family named Bromfield had been murdered by
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238:, and it is safe to say not one of them was based on facts worth telling."
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decried the publication in an unnamed rival newspaper of the arrival in
375:
irresponsible methods, imposed this cruel canard upon the country." The
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published an article claiming that an effort was being made to falsify
56:
Some examples of fake, or false, news in the decade are the following:
396:
571:
349:
264:
88:"was a fake." In the interview, Cleveland was quoted as attacking
63:
39:
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had been assassinated. In a dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri,
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have been printed as fact would furnish a library of fiction.
591:
The mysterious explosion and sinking of the U.S. battleship
543:
blamed fake news for a collapse of prices on the local
797:"One of the World's Fakes," October 17, 1890, Page 2]
310:. "The fake was kept up all the afternoon," said the
865:"Logansport Pharos-Tribune 23 Jan 1892, page Page 4"
883:"Hamilton Evening Journal 27 Jan 1893, page Page 2"
107:Crawford's work was defended by other journalists.
257:delivered when he delivered nothing of the kind."
988:
986:
937:"Democrat and Chronicle 07 Oct 1895, page Page 2"
919:"Democrat and Chronicle 10 Sep 1895, page Page 2"
742:"Democrat and Chronicle 02 May 1890, page Page 4"
679:"The Atchison Weekly Patriot 26 Apr 1890, page 3"
661:"The San Francisco Call 22 Apr 1890, page Page 1"
414:had been assigned the job of preventing it. The
214:"The story was well calculated to deceive," the
1094:"Weekly Journal-Miner 09 Mar 1898, page Page 2"
1067:
1065:
847:"Harrisburg Telegraph 04 Aug 1891, page Page 2"
778:"The Indianapolis Journal 14 May 1890, page 4"
603:of Phoenix, Arizona, wrote that the disaster:
338:was in a state of riot and insurrection." The
1034:"Chattanooga Daily Times 04 Mar 1897, page 4"
955:"The New York Times 13 Oct 1895, page Page 5"
901:"The Semi-Weekly New Era 11 Sep 1895, page 2"
841:
839:
826:"The Buffalo Commercial 02 May 1891, page 11"
643:"The Semi-Weekly New Era 25 Jan 1896, page 4"
60:1890: Newspaper wrongly says it faked a story
8:
973:"The Buffalo Commercial 18 Mar 1896, page 9"
583:caricatured as they urged the U.S. into the
160:farmers while a similar state of affairs in
1073:"The Chicago Chronicle 12 Mar 1897, page 8"
1052:"The Chicago Chronicle 30 Sep 1897, page 6"
694:
692:
334:") had attempted to "stir up a belief that
25:Fake news in the United States in the 1890s
994:"The Berkeley Gazette 28 Mar 1896, page 2"
795:Statesman Journal 17 Oct 1890, page Page 2
700:"Oakland Tribune 06 May 1890, page Page 4"
637:
635:
715:
713:
760:"The Sacramento Bee 06 May 1890, page 1"
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734:
469:(via boat from San Francisco) of "seven
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808:"Star Tribune 28 Nov 1890, page Page 4"
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379:reported that the AP threatened to sue
499:" established by senatorial candidate
230:Fake news is not good journalism, the
52:, January 27, 1893, defining fake news
1011:"A Muzzled Press," December 9, 1896,
721:"The Critic 30 Apr 1890, page Page 2"
172:" (a small amount of hand-set type).
127:, of Portland, Oregon, observed that
7:
222:from the gullible fake newspapers."
36:invent excuses for their credulity.
395:was in the process of selling its
176:1891: Drunken Presidential nephews
148:of Minneapolis, Minnesota, blamed
14:
346:1895: President's 'assassination'
232:Marion County (Indiana) Chronicle
377:Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Daily News
111:1890: falsified U.S. Census plot
1118:Mass media in the United States
345:
196:1891: Murder of a family a fake
80:"editorially confesses" that a
1123:Fake news in the United States
20:Fake news in the United States
1:
529:revolutionaries against Spain
463:Berkeley (California) Gazette
457:1896: Phantom 'opium fiends'
92:, the top aide to publisher
456:
136:1890: Eastern papers blamed
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568:1898: Sinking of the Maine
322:1895: San Salvador 'riots'
17:
1022:December 11, 1896, Page 2
483:1896: Senatorial campaign
226:1892: Not good journalism
354:Erroneous headline from
115:On October 5, 1890, the
1017:, and, same headlines,
581:William Randolph Hearst
436:1896: Newspaper sellers
420:Lancaster, Pennsylvania
406:. Another was that the
308:Lancaster, Pennsylvania
289:) between the American
242:1893: McKinley's speech
1020:Snyder County Tribune,
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493:Snyder County Tribune,
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186:The Buffalo Commercial
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1013:The Indiana Progress,
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614:Arizona Journal-Miner
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521:The Chicago Chronicle
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150:Eastern United States
103:Frank Leslie's Weekly
67:
43:
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585:Spanish–American War
391:A story spread that
356:The Arkansas Gazette
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168:is dismissed with a
31:wrote in 1896 that:
27:was recognized. One
505:Rudolph Blankenburg
358:of October 11, 1895
253:published and said
201:The Daily Telegraph
589:
535:1897: Wheat market
446:Buffalo Commercial
387:1896: Sale of Cuba
372:The New-York Times
360:
285:(later called the
275:
255:President McKinley
247:The Daily Democrat
184:was criticized in
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46:The Daily Democrat
541:Chicago Chronicle
515:1897: Cuban junta
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442:Upstate New York
368:Grover Cleveland
364:Associated Press
295:and the English
279:Associated Press
261:1895: Yacht race
236:Baron Munchausen
190:Millard Fillmore
86:Grover Cleveland
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90:Charles A. Dana
84:interview with
68:Fred Crawford,
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44:Editorial from
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471:opium fiends
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381:United Press
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525:Cuban junta
497:news bureau
332:news bureau
304:The New Era
211:laborers."
146:The Tribune
129:"The World,
121:U.S. Census
1112:Categories
626:References
601:Republican
451:Commercial
283:yacht race
251:Republican
18:See also:
561:Chronicle
216:Telegraph
142:editorial
509:Prussian
491:and the
312:Sentinel
298:Valkyrie
292:Defender
271:Defender
170:stickful
166:Virginia
158:frontier
72:reporter
616:added:
595:in the
416:New Era
412:Florida
220:shekels
209:Italian
162:Indiana
154:Midwest
1015:Page 3
444:, the
397:colony
593:Maine
393:Spain
82:World
621:too.
612:The
579:and
559:The
539:The
507:, a
487:The
461:The
400:Cuba
362:The
326:The
180:The
527:" (
440:In
431:it.
418:of
410:of
402:to
340:Sun
314:of
306:of
164:or
144:in
140:An
48:of
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