Knowledge (XXG)

Invented tradition

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294:'invention of tradition' is a splendidly subversive phrase", but it "hides serious ambiguities". Hobsbawm "contrasts invented traditions with what he calls 'the strength and adaptability of genuine traditions'. But where does his 'adaptability', or his colleague Ranger's 'flexibility' end, and invention begin? Given that all traditions change, is it possible or useful to attempt to discriminate the 'genuine' antiques from the fakes?" Another also praised the high quality of the articles but had qualifications. "Such distinctions" (between invented and authentic traditions) "resolve themselves ultimately into one between the genuine and the spurious, a distinction that may be untenable because all traditions (like all symbolic phenomena) are humanly created ('spurious') rather than naturally given ('genuine')." Pointing out that "invention entails assemblage, supplementation, and rearrangement of cultural practices so that in effect traditions can be preserved, invented, and reconstructed", 75: 161:" is often itself invented. The concept is "highly relevant to that comparatively recent historical innovation, the 'nation', with its associated phenomena: nationalism, the nation-state, national symbols, histories, and the rest." Hobsbawm and Ranger remark on the "curious but understandable paradox: modern nations and all their impedimenta generally claim to be the opposite of novel, namely rooted in remotest antiquity, and the opposite of constructed, namely human communities so 'natural' as to require no definition other than self-assertion." The concept of 270:
originated as lumber company advertising. Dorson had seen the effect of print sources on orally transmitted Paul Bunyan stories as a form of cross-contamination that "hopelessly muddied the lore". For Olson, however, "the point is that I personally was exposed to Paul Bunyan in the genre of a living oral tradition, not of lumberjacks (of which there are precious few remaining), but of the present people of the area." What was fakelore had become folklore again.
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real thing was often "repetitive, clumsy, meaningless and obscene". He contrasted the genuine Paul Bunyan tales, which had been so full of technical logging terms that outsiders would find parts of them difficult to understand, with the commercialized versions, which sounded more like children's books. The original Paul Bunyan had been shrewd and sometimes ignoble; one story told how he cheated his men out of their pay.
6481: 5497: 312: 36: 6491: 102:. Hobsbawm's introduction argues that many "traditions" which "appear or claim to be old are often quite recent in origin and sometimes invented." This "invention" is distinguished from "starting" or "initiating" a tradition that does not then claim to be old. The phenomenon is particularly clear in the modern development of the nation and of 4253: 624:
The articles in the volume include Hugh Trevor-Roper's "The invention of tradition: the Highland tradition of Scotland," Prys Morgan's "From a death to a view: the hunt for the Welsh past in the romantic period," David Cannadine's "The context, performance, and meaning of ritual: the British monarchy
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region of North America, William B. Laughead (1882–1958), an ad writer working for the Red River Lumber Company, invented many of the stories about him that are known today. According to Dorson, advertisers and popularizers turned Bunyan into a "pseudo folk hero of twentieth-century mass culture" who
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is often used by those who seek to expose or debunk modern reworkings of folklore, including Dorson himself, who spoke of a "battle against fakelore". Dorson complained that popularizers had sentimentalized folklore, stereotyping the people who created it as quaint and whimsical – whereas the
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is lore (or activities, documents, etc) falsely presented as if it were genuinely traditional. The term can refer to new stories or songs made up, or to folklore that is reworked and modified for modern tastes. The element of misrepresentation is central; artists who draw on traditional stories in
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story by the writer Owen Francis. He was a literal man of steel who made rails from molten metal with his bare hands; he refused an opportunity to marry to devote himself to working 24 hours a day, worked so hard that the mill had to shut down, and finally, in despair at enforced idleness, melted
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also refers to the invention or adaptation of folklore. Unlike fakelore, however, folklorismus is not necessarily misleading; it includes any use of a tradition outside the cultural context in which it was created. The term was first used in the early 1960s by German scholars, who were primarily
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was a compliment, then laughed and talked to each other in their own language, which he did not speak. The word actually means "donkey" in Croatian, and is an insult. Since no trace of the existence of Joe Magarac stories prior to 1931 has been discovered, Francis's informants may have made the
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Others have argued that professionally created art and folklore are constantly influencing each other and that this mutual influence should be studied rather than condemned. For example, Jon Olson, a professor of anthropology, reported that while growing up he heard Paul Bunyan stories that had
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are cultural practices that are presented or perceived as traditional, arising from people starting in the distant past, but which are relatively recent and often consciously invented by historical actors. The concept was highlighted in the 1983 book
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and the 'invention of tradition', c. 1820-1977," Bernard S. Cohen's "Representing authority in Victorian India," Terence Ranger's "The invention of tradition in colonial Africa," and Eric Hobsbawm's "Mass-producing traditions: Europe, 1870-1914."
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Responding to his opponents' argument that the writers have the same claim as the original folk storytellers, Dorson writes that the difference amounts to the difference between traditional culture and
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Gilley, Jennifer; Stephen Burnett (November 1998). "Deconstructing and Reconstructing Pittsburgh's Man of Steel: Reading Joe Magarac against the Context of the 20th-Century Steel Industry".
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Ball, John; George Herzog; Thelma James; Louis C. Jones; Melville J. Herskovits; Wm. Hugh Jansen; Richard M. Dorson; Alvin W. Wolfe; Daniel G. Hoffman (1959). "Discussion from the Floor".
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character up as a joke on him. In 1998, Gilley and Burnett reported "only tentative signs that the Magarac story has truly made a substantive transformation from 'fake-' into 'folklore
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their work are not producing fakelore unless they claim that their creations are real folklore. Over the last decades the term has generally fallen out of favor in
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proposed that a more accurate term would be "reinvention of tradition", signifying "a creative process involving renewal, reinterpretation and revision".
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Inoue Shun, "The Invention of the Martial Arts: Kanō Jigorō and Kōdōkan Judo", pp. 163-173 in Stephen Vlastos (ed.).
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The Highland Myth as an Invented Tradition of 18th and 19th Century and Its Significance for the Image of Scotland
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himself down in the mill's furnace to improve the quality of the steel. Francis said he heard this story from
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provided a sanitized Bunyan with a "spirit of gargantuan whimsy reflects no actual mood of lumberjacks".
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as fakelore. Although Bunyan originated as a character in traditional tales told by loggers in the
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American Folklore: An Encyclopedia, ed. Jan Harold Brunvand, Taylor & Francis, 1996, p. 1105
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The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Palestine-Israel
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According to Newall, 133, the German folklorist Hermann Bausinger expressed a similar view.
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because it places an emphasis on origin instead of practice to determine authenticity.
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this article does not cite a wide enough variety of sources to be properly informative.
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Newall, Venetia J. (1987). "The Adaptation of Folklore and Tradition (Folklorismus)".
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In addition to Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill, Dorson identified the American folk hero
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characters, and even academic studies of folklore are all forms of folklorism.
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Remembering the Year of the French Irish Folk History and Social Memory
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Fishwick, Marshall W. (1959). "Sons of Paul: Folklore or Fakelore?".
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Kendirbaeva, Gulnar (1994). "Folklore and Folklorism in Kazakhstan".
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are an example of an invented tradition created in the 19th century.
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Other American folk heroes that have been called fakelore include
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Anderson, Benedict. "The origins of national consciousness".
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The concept has been applied to cultural phenomena such as
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Dorson, Richard M. (1963). "Current Folklore Theories".
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Dorson, Richard M. (1973). "Is Folklore a Discipline?".
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Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan
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Professionalization and institutionalization of history
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Indeed, the sharp distinction between "tradition" and "
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Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
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in his article "Folklore and Fake Lore" published in
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Recently invented cultural practices perceived as old
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Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
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Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science
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Please do not remove this message until 209:, who was presented as a folk hero of the 192:was coined in 1950 by American folklorist 45:needs attention from an expert in religion 5243:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1857:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 792: 652: 418:Learn how and when to remove this message 355:Learn how and when to remove this message 233:interested in the use of folklore by the 226:bore little resemblance to the original. 6462:Historical geographic information system 331:Relevant discussion may be found on the 213:but was actually invented by the writer 1341:People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia 579: 6102:English historical school of economics 4154:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 1189:"Review of The Invention of Tradition" 1150:"Review of The Invention of Tradition" 724: 55:may be able to help recruit an expert. 6298:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 6137:Historical reliability of the Gospels 7: 6490: 4115:More Irish than the Irish themselves 1845:Right-wing authoritarian personality 5185:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 1100:Olson, Jon (1976). "Film Reviews". 615:Hobsbawm & Ranger (1983), p. 1. 110:Application of the term and paradox 6198:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 4142:Fourth Italian War of Independence 635:Hutton, Ronald (3 November 2008). 434:as fakelore. Magarac, a fictional 25: 6489: 6480: 6479: 5496: 5495: 5337:Palestinian expulsion and flight 3849:5000-year civilization assertion 3425:Nadir of American race relations 1263:The Journal of American Folklore 775:Moenig, Udo; Kim, Minho (2016). 705:The Invention of World Religions 371: 310: 122:in Scotland, the traditions of 34: 6326:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 5200:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 5135:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 4942:Causes of the Armenian genocide 3251:Pyramid construction techniques 2818:Comparative historical research 2436:Library and information science 749:. London; New York: Zed Books. 6338:Gunpowder and gun transmission 6288:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 6097:Historical school of economics 6034:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 5472:Gunpowder and gun transmission 5346:Zionism as settler colonialism 4351:Limpieza de sangre controversy 3318:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 1840:Authoritarian leadership style 647:(3). Taylor Francis: 251–273. 595:. Cambridge University Press. 511:Legend of the Rainbow Warriors 438:, first appeared in 1931 in a 217:in 1923. Dorson also regarded 1: 6517:Political science terminology 6147:Opposition to Papal supremacy 3335:Indigenous population history 1745:Social construction of gender 1345:University of Tennessee Press 1205:10.1525/aa.1984.86.4.02a00380 1154:The English Historical Review 1001:10.1080/0015587x.1973.9716514 931:10.1080/0015587x.1987.9716408 6063:Desacralization of knowledge 4334:Carlism in the Francoist era 4302:Holodomor in modern politics 1740:Rally 'round the flag effect 1369:"The Invention of Tradition" 1067:Journal of American Folklore 676:Sievers, Marco (2007–2010). 165:is also often questionable. 6455:Historiographic metafiction 6365:Organizations, publications 6154:Proto-orthodox Christianity 5104:German resistance to Nazism 4960:Persian famine of 1917–1919 4370:Islamic revolution of Spain 4297:Holodomor genocide question 4173:Revisionism of Risorgimento 4167:Rerum italicarum scriptores 4148:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 3915:Self-Strengthening Movement 3065:decolonization of knowledge 1943:Asch conformity experiments 1660:Identification (psychology) 866:Dorson, Richard M. (1977). 794:10.18399/acta.2016.19.2.006 709:University of Chicago Press 394:, discuss the issue on the 337:conditions to do so are met 47:. The specific problem is: 6568: 6252:Wissenschaft des Judentums 6229:Criticism of Protestantism 5109:Nazi foreign policy debate 4540:Second colonial occupation 4287:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 3925:Tibetan sovereignty debate 3469:Progressive-era historians 2904:Nationalization of history 2855:Historical-critical method 1958:Stanford prison experiment 1700:Normative social influence 591:The Invention of Tradition 449:immigrant steelworkers in 92:The Invention of Tradition 6474: 6425: 6414: 6370: 6359: 6002: 5991: 5529: 5518: 5490: 5257:Second Sino-Japanese War 4632: 4591: 4580: 4062:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 3234: 3223: 2977: 2966: 2743: 2730: 2382: 2369: 2216: 2203: 2136: 1907:Normalization of deviance 1835:Authoritarian personality 1187:Handler, Richard (1984). 703:Masuzawa, Tomoko (2005). 654:10.1080/00155870802352178 6012:Crisis of historiography 5175:Auschwitz bombing debate 4861:Indian Rebellion of 1857 4712:Late Bronze Age collapse 4646:List of military museums 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theory 3075:Historical negationism 2899:Ancestral civilisation 2887:Historical materialism 2845:Historical determinism 2795:History of mentalities 1882:Communal reinforcement 1635:False consensus effect 954:Asian Folklore Studies 245:Connection to folklore 83: 6537:Sociological theories 6343:Torsion mangonel myth 6246:Modern Jewish history 6241:Jesuit historiography 6234:Protestant work ethic 6214:Hesychast controversy 6079:Industrial Revolution 6029:Library of Alexandria 5947:The Lord of the Rings 5597:Constantine the Great 5477:Torsion mangonel myth 5409:Sri Lankan Civil War 4488:Storm over the gentry 4389:Colonies or Provinces 3920:Sprouts of capitalism 2994:Historic preservation 2989:Change and continuity 1986:Anti-social behaviour 1981:Anti-authoritarianism 1720:Pluralistic ignorance 1567:National conservatism 1562:Left-wing nationalism 1545:Governmental pressure 1148:Burke, Peter (1986). 840:1 (2000): 316, p. 37. 136:Japanese martial arts 77: 6430:Commemorative plaque 5646:Juan Manuel de Rosas 5094:"Blitzkrieg" concept 4965:Powder keg of Europe 4840:Franco-Prussian War 4510:Winter of Discontent 4493:Suffragette Campaign 4160:Italiani brava gente 4126:Revolutionary period 3948:Frankish Interregnum 3881:"Chineseness" debate 3814:Byzantine succession 3799:Fall of Western Rome 3740:Executed Renaissance 3229:By country or region 3173:Age of Enlightenment 3147:Vaticinium ex eventu 3094:Modernisation theory 2928:Quantitative history 2304:Historical documents 1948:Breaching experiment 1735:Operant conditioning 1680:Mere exposure effect 1234:Beiner, Guy (2007). 1024:Current Anthropology 745:Nur Masalha (2007). 400:create a new article 392:improve this article 382:may not represent a 302:Examples of fakelore 262:said that Bunyan, a 199:The American Mercury 148:imagined communities 53:WikiProject Religion 6259:Schools of thought 6224:Proto-Protestantism 6093:School of Thoughts 5975:William Shakespeare 5960:Robert Falcon Scott 5865:Friedrich Nietzsche 5703:Cult of personality 5688:Neville Chamberlain 5548:Alexander the Great 5430:Russo-Georgian War 5403:Sovereignty dispute 5382:Iranian Revolution 5212:"Polish death camp" 5189:In relation to the 4898:Myth of English aid 4889:War of the Pacific 4666:Albigensian Crusade 4091:Indigenous Aryanism 3787:Constantinian shift 3323:Residential schools 3080:Historian's fallacy 2999:Historic recurrence 2497:Numismatics (Money) 2269:Archaeological site 2193:theories of history 1828:Individual pressure 1705:Passing (sociology) 1640:Fear of missing out 1605:Closure (sociology) 1519:Enemy of the people 441:Scribner's Magazine 324:of this section is 128:Korean martial arts 87:Invented traditions 78:"Ancient" Scottish 6450:Historical realism 6445:Historical fiction 6390:History institutes 6380:Historical society 6375:Heritage registers 6263:Biblical criticism 6176:Islamic golden age 6127:Early Christianity 6007:Bears in antiquity 5895:Medieval Christian 5693:Pedro II of Brazil 5641:José de San Martín 5445:Syrian revolution 5357:Malayan Emergency 5332:1948 Palestine war 5065:Spanish Civil War 5015:War guilt question 4824:American Civil War 4804:Invasion of Russia 4780:New Russian School 4564:Colonial Australia 4280:October Revolution 4043:Strukturgeschichte 3979:Location of Alésia 3898:Hua–Yi distinction 3819:Moscow, third Rome 3435:Reconstruction era 3256:Black Egypt Thesis 3178:European Civil War 3134:Translatio imperii 3089:Invented tradition 2210:Historical sources 1996:Civil disobedience 1953:Milgram experiment 1892:Creeping normality 1794:Social integration 1730:Psychosocial issue 1670:Invented tradition 1524:Enemy of the state 538:Imagined community 215:Edward S. O'Reilly 84: 6504: 6503: 6470: 6469: 6410: 6409: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6268:Catholic theology 6122:Avestan geography 5987: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5970:Søren Kierkegaard 5843: 5842: 5754:Warren G. Harding 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5313: 5312: 5191:Armenian genocide 5054:Polish–Soviet War 5049:Burning of Smyrna 5035: 5034: 5025:Reichstag inquiry 4948:Patriotic consent 4819: 4818: 4794:War in the Vendée 4758:French Revolution 4740:century conflicts 4729:Peloponnesian War 4690:Eighty Years' War 4576: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4481:Westminster Stone 4178:Southern question 4017:Alltagsgeschichte 3967:Legendary Saracen 3669:Early settlements 3477: 3476: 3457:Political history 3442:Consensus history 3219: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3201:Continuity thesis 3140:Translatio studii 3026:Theory of history 2962: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2916:Subaltern Studies 2801:Nouvelle histoire 2726: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2638:Medieval churches 2625:Geistesgeschichte 2569:Paleoanthropology 2477:Encyclopaedistics 2365: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2233:Secondary sources 2096: 2095: 1976:Alternative media 1865: 1864: 1804:Spiral of silence 1675:Memory conformity 1615:Consensus reality 1508:Persona non grata 1429:Damnatio memoriae 1247:978-0-299-21824-9 870:American Folklore 763:978-1-84277-761-9 718:978-0-226-50989-1 689:978-3-638-81651-9 428: 427: 420: 402:, as appropriate. 365: 364: 357: 290:) noted that the 260:Daniel G. Hoffman 194:Richard M. Dorson 144:Benedict Anderson 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 6559: 6493: 6492: 6483: 6482: 6435:Documentary film 6416: 6395:History journals 6361: 6334: 6206: 6142:Primacy of Peter 6089:Great Depression 6069: 6042: 6020: 5993: 5941:J. R. R. Tolkien 5796: 5791: 5779: 5767: 5749:Ulysses S. Grant 5744:Thomas Jefferson 5735: 5711: 5674: 5637: 5625: 5593: 5581: 5573:Chiang Ching-kuo 5563:Cato the Younger 5553:Amin al-Husseini 5531: 5520: 5499: 5498: 5482:War and genocide 5306: 5292:Résistancialisme 5279:Battle of France 5261:Nanjing Massacre 5115: 4996: 4992: 4956: 4906: 4788: 4771: 4744: 4671:Catharism debate 4657:pre-18th century 4639:Military history 4616: 4609: 4602: 4593: 4586:By war, conflict 4582: 4530:Cambridge School 4516: 4414: 4402: 4378: 4359: 4269: 4257: 4229: 4051: 4029:Historikerstreit 3999: 3987: 3975: 3956: 3942:Cordon sanitaire 3888:New Qing History 3876:Conquest dynasty 3867: 3782:Christianization 3765: 3684: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3551: 3539: 3531:Byzantine Empire 3386:Iquicha Royalism 3375: 3341: 3264: 3236: 3225: 3168:Age of Discovery 3157:Periodization of 3154: 3128:Transhistoricity 3123:Thirty-year rule 3034: 3022: 2979: 2968: 2948:Great Man theory 2911:People's history 2873: 2778: 2770:Three-age system 2732: 2432:Archival science 2384: 2371: 2238:Tertiary sources 2218: 2205: 2154:by area of study 2123: 2116: 2109: 2100: 2021:Devil's advocate 1991:Auto-segregation 1887:Countersignaling 1814:Toxic positivity 1789:Social influence 1750:Social contagion 1595:Bandwagon effect 1552:Authoritarianism 1416: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1375: 1355: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1307:Western Folklore 1302: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1269:(442): 392–408. 1258: 1252: 1251: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1199:(4): 1025–1026. 1184: 1178: 1177: 1160:(398): 316–317. 1145: 1139: 1136: 1127: 1125: 1102:Western Folklore 1097: 1091: 1090: 1073:(285): 233–241. 1062: 1056: 1055: 1019: 1013: 1012: 984: 978: 977: 949: 943: 942: 914: 908: 905: 890: 889: 873: 863: 850: 847: 841: 834: 828: 821: 815: 814: 796: 772: 766: 743: 737: 736: 730: 722: 700: 694: 693: 673: 667: 666: 656: 632: 626: 622: 616: 613: 607: 606: 594: 584: 558:Pseudo-mythology 471:Febold Feboldson 461: 423: 416: 412: 409: 403: 375: 374: 367: 360: 353: 349: 346: 340: 314: 313: 306: 293: 235:tourism industry 183:folklore studies 65: 62: 56: 38: 37: 30: 21: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6547:1983 neologisms 6507: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6466: 6421: 6406: 6366: 6347: 6330: 6313: 6304: 6200: 6108: 6084:Great Recession 6067: 6038: 6014: 5998: 5979: 5870:H. P. Lovecraft 5839: 5801: 5794: 5785: 5773: 5761: 5729: 5705: 5678:Muammar Gaddafi 5668: 5656:Leonid Brezhnev 5631: 5619: 5602:Gregory Palamas 5587: 5585:Chiang Kai Shek 5575: 5535: 5525: 5506: 5505: 5486: 5467:Conflict thesis 5455: 5419: 5309: 5300: 5267: 5231: 5161: 5113: 5075: 5041:Interwar period 5031: 5001: 4994: 4986: 4970:Schlieffen Plan 4950: 4911: 4900: 4815: 4782: 4765: 4750: 4739: 4733: 4717:Dorian invasion 4702:Fall of Babylon 4658: 4652: 4651: 4628: 4620: 4587: 4568: 4544: 4521: 4514: 4476:Kingdom of Alba 4457: 4450: 4417: 4408: 4396: 4394:Spanish decline 4372: 4353: 4308: 4263: 4251: 4232: 4223: 4189: 4130: 4095: 4081:Greater Magadha 4067: 4045: 4002: 3993: 3981: 3969: 3950: 3929: 3903:Four Barbarians 3861: 3835: 3763: 3720:Götaland theory 3688:Lusotropicalism 3678: 3659:North Macedonia 3591: 3579: 3567: 3545: 3533: 3473: 3452:Frontier thesis 3447:Cyclical theory 3430:Neoabolitionism 3406: 3369: 3339: 3301: 3278:Greater Morocco 3258: 3230: 3207: 3158: 3152: 3044: 3028: 3016: 2973: 2954: 2867: 2782: 2776: 2758:Historical eras 2739: 2718: 2553: 2450:Writing systems 2420: 2378: 2376:Fields of study 2357: 2351:Service records 2336:Religious texts 2242: 2228:Primary sources 2212: 2199: 2198: 2132: 2127: 2097: 2092: 2063:Insubordination 2011:Culture jamming 2001:Cosmopolitanism 1962: 1931: 1902:Internalization 1861: 1823: 1583: 1574:Totalitarianism 1540: 1407: 1402: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1343:, pp. 131-148. 1338: 1334: 1319:10.2307/1497745 1304: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1130: 1114:10.2307/1498351 1099: 1098: 1094: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1021: 1020: 1016: 986: 985: 981: 966:10.2307/1178561 951: 950: 946: 916: 915: 911: 906: 893: 886: 865: 864: 853: 848: 844: 835: 831: 822: 818: 774: 773: 769: 744: 740: 723: 719: 702: 701: 697: 690: 682:. GRIN Verlag. 675: 674: 670: 634: 633: 629: 623: 619: 614: 610: 603: 586: 585: 581: 576: 553:Old wives' tale 523:False etymology 519: 499:Antonine Barada 491:Annie Christmas 459: 424: 413: 407: 404: 389: 376: 372: 361: 350: 344: 341: 330: 315: 311: 304: 291: 284: 247: 174:Pseudo-folklore 171: 169:Pseudo-folklore 124:major religions 112: 66: 60: 57: 51: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6565: 6563: 6555: 6554: 6552:Historiography 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6509: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6487: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6452: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6392: 6387: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6243: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6139: 6134: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6075: 6073: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5914: 5909: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5860:Charles Darwin 5857: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5830:United Kingdom 5827: 5822: 5820:Modern Germany 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5793: 5792: 5780: 5768: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5739:Thomas Aquinas 5736: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5609: 5607:Horatio Nelson 5604: 5599: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5439:Responsibility 5436: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5351:New Historians 5348: 5343: 5329: 5323: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5217:Responsibility 5214: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5197: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5045: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5012: 5006: 5004: 4993: 4981: 4975:Spirit of 1914 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4945: 4935: 4932:Fischer thesis 4921: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4895: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4875: 4873:Paraguayan War 4870: 4869: 4868: 4858: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4799:Napoleonic era 4796: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4777: 4772: 4763:Pre-revolution 4754: 4752: 4748:Coalition Wars 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4662: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4626:historiography 4621: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4596: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4526: 4524: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4444:Decline thesis 4441: 4434:Ottoman Empire 4431: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4360: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4261:Skeptic School 4246: 4244:Anti-Normanism 4240: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:Golden Liberty 4197: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4183:Neo-Bourbonism 4175: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4151: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4023:Borussian myth 4020: 4012: 4010: 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3988: 3976: 3964: 3957: 3945: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3873: 3868: 3856: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3513: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3494:Dealbanisation 3485: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3416: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3364: 3358:May Revolution 3349: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3328:Staples thesis 3325: 3320: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3162: 3160:modern history 3151: 3150: 3143: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3106: 3104:Paradigm shift 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2879: 2874: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2820: 2815: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2797: 2790:Annales school 2786: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2653:Constitutional 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2589: 2576: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2529:Postage stamps 2526: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2457: 2452: 2443: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2396: 2390: 2388: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2326:Oral tradition 2323: 2322: 2321: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2130:Historiography 2128: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2111: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2006:Counterculture 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1968:Anticonformity 1964: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1927:Social reality 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1819:Untouchability 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1757: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1685:Milieu control 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1665:Indoctrination 1662: 1657: 1655:Herd mentality 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1589: 1588:Group pressure 1585: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1554: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1511: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1466:Cancel culture 1463: 1453: 1446: 1441: 1432: 1424: 1422: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1393: 1386: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1362:External links 1360: 1357: 1356: 1332: 1313:(4): 277–286. 1297: 1288: 1275:10.2307/541047 1253: 1246: 1226: 1179: 1140: 1128: 1108:(3): 233–237. 1092: 1079:10.2307/538134 1057: 1036:10.1086/200339 1014: 995:(3): 177–205. 979: 944: 925:(2): 131–151. 909: 891: 884: 851: 842: 829: 816: 787:(2): 131–164. 767: 738: 717: 695: 688: 668: 627: 617: 608: 602:978-0521246453 601: 578: 577: 575: 572: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 518: 515: 467:Old Stormalong 426: 425: 386:of the subject 384:worldwide view 379: 377: 370: 363: 362: 318: 316: 309: 303: 300: 286:One reviewer ( 283: 280: 246: 243: 170: 167: 111: 108: 100:Terence Ranger 68: 67: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6564: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6496: 6488: 6486: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6362: 6358: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321:Merton thesis 6319: 6318: 6316: 6311: 6307: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273:Panbabylonism 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6204: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5994: 5990: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5835:United States 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5797: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5715:Bolivarianism 5713: 5709: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5698:Simon Bolivar 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5629:Joseph Stalin 5627: 5623: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5517: 5502: 5494: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424:Post-Cold War 5422: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5398:Falklands War 5396: 5394: 5393:Iran–Iraq War 5391: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5341:Ongoing Nakba 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5304: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272:Western Front 5270: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5253:Bengal famine 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5167:The Holocaust 5164: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118:Eastern Front 5116: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4849:Paris Commune 4847: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4835: 4834:Turning point 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4738:18th and 19th 4736: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4683:Islamic views 4681: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4579: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4453: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4407: 4406:Ser de España 4404: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4227: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824:Ottoman claim 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3804:Prosopography 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3757:Trưng sisters 3755: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3504:Habsburg myth 3502: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3412:United States 3409: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3345:Latin America 3342: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2969: 2965: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2938:Transnational 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828:Decoloniality 2826: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2809:Historiometry 2807: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2779: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2753:Periodization 2751: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2539:Sigillography 2537: 2535: 2534:Prosopography 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2411:Local history 2409: 2405: 2404:Human history 2402: 2401: 2400: 2399:World history 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2058:Individualism 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1897:Herd behavior 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1852:Control freak 1850: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1799:Socialization 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1715:Peer pressure 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1695:Normalization 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620:Culture shock 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1476:Deplatforming 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1354: 1353:0-87049-988-2 1350: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 983: 980: 975: 971: 967: 963: 960:(1): 97–123. 959: 955: 948: 945: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 913: 910: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 892: 887: 885:0-226-15859-4 881: 877: 872: 871: 862: 860: 858: 856: 852: 846: 843: 839: 833: 830: 826: 820: 817: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 771: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 742: 739: 734: 728: 720: 714: 710: 706: 699: 696: 691: 685: 681: 680: 672: 669: 664: 660: 655: 650: 646: 642: 638: 631: 628: 621: 618: 612: 609: 604: 598: 593: 592: 583: 580: 573: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 543:Metamodernism 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 520: 516: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495:Cordwood Pete 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 463: 456: 452: 448: 443: 442: 437: 433: 422: 419: 411: 401: 397: 393: 387: 385: 378: 369: 368: 359: 356: 348: 338: 334: 328: 327: 323: 317: 308: 307: 301: 299: 297: 289: 281: 279: 277: 271: 267: 265: 261: 257: 252: 244: 242: 240: 236: 231: 227: 224: 220: 216: 212: 211:American West 208: 205: 201: 200: 195: 191: 186: 184: 179: 175: 168: 166: 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 109: 107: 105: 101: 97: 96:Eric Hobsbawm 93: 88: 81: 76: 72: 64: 54: 50: 46: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 6250: 6052:The Simpsons 6050: 5997:Other topics 5945: 5922:Christianity 5912:Resurrection 5543:Adolf Hitler 5372:Six-Day War 5368:Algerian War 5339: / 5298:Vichy France 5290: 5283: 5193: / 5081:World War II 4977: / 4644: 4637: 4439:Ghaza thesis 4362: 4338: 4324:White legend 4322: / 4320:Black legend 4275:Soviet Union 4165: 4158: 4146: 4109:Great Famine 4086:Indocentrism 4060: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4015: 3961:Grand Siècle 3959: 3940: 3908:Sinocentrism 3769:Ancient Rome 3749: 3607:Aryan Kartli 3605: 3397: 3360: / 3294: 3191:19th century 3189: / 3180: / 3145: 3138: 3137: / 3132: 3108: 3088: 3082: / 3056:Black legend 3014:Historiology 2811: / 2799: 2762: 2700:Quantitative 2623: 2619:Intellectual 2585: / 2581: / 2567: / 2565:Anthropology 2519:Phaleristics 2512:preservation 2507:Oral history 2448: / 2434: / 2416:Microhistory 2191: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2161: 2152: / 2148: 2141: 2068:Pueblo clown 2053:Idiosyncrasy 2038:Eccentricity 1922:Social proof 1669: 1630:Echo chamber 1610:Collectivism 1600:Brainwashing 1531:Scapegoating 1514:Public enemy 1506: 1497: 1461:Blacklisting 1448: 1427: 1420:Proscription 1340: 1335: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1291: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1236: 1229: 1196: 1192: 1182: 1157: 1153: 1143: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1027: 1023: 1017: 992: 988: 982: 957: 953: 947: 922: 918: 912: 869: 845: 837: 832: 824: 819: 784: 781:Acta Koreana 780: 770: 746: 741: 704: 698: 678: 671: 644: 640: 630: 620: 611: 590: 582: 568:Urban legend 563:Tourist trap 528:Folklorismus 487:Whiskey Jack 464: 454: 439: 429: 414: 405: 381: 351: 342: 320: 285: 276:mass culture 272: 268: 256:Mass culture 250: 248: 230:Folklorismus 228: 197: 189: 187: 177: 173: 172: 163:authenticity 156: 152:pizza effect 118:in Britain, 116:neo-Druidism 113: 94:, edited by 91: 86: 85: 80:clan tartans 71: 58: 48: 44: 6527:Nationalism 6440:Hagiography 6201: [ 6161:Early Islam 6015: [ 5907:Historicity 5885:Historicity 5875:Jane Austen 5855:The Beatles 5825:Netherlands 5786: [ 5783:Zhuge Liang 5774: [ 5762: [ 5759:Yuan Shikai 5730: [ 5727:Sun Yat Tse 5706: [ 5669: [ 5632: [ 5620: [ 5617:Jiang Zemin 5588: [ 5576: [ 5568:Che Guevara 5301: [ 5236:Pacific War 5020:Article 231 5010:Reparations 4987: [ 4951: [ 4928:Color books 4917:World War I 4901: [ 4878:War of 1812 4783: [ 4766: [ 4751:(1792–1815) 4722:Sea Peoples 4707:Gallic Wars 4409: [ 4397: [ 4384:Revisionist 4373: [ 4364:Reconquista 4354: [ 4346:Inquisition 4340:Convivencia 4264: [ 4252: [ 4224: [ 4121:Revisionism 4046: [ 3994: [ 3982: [ 3970: [ 3951: [ 3893:Golden ages 3862: [ 3859:Wunu School 3854:Archaeology 3727:Switzerland 3710:Kosovo Myth 3698:Great Union 3679: [ 3664:Philippines 3647:Nationalist 3620:Ages of Man 3592: [ 3580: [ 3568: [ 3546: [ 3534: [ 3370: [ 3367:Revisionist 3259: [ 3196:Renaissance 3061:Coloniality 3029: [ 3017: [ 3009:Historicity 2933:Revisionist 2923:Pop history 2894:Nationalist 2868: [ 2813:Cliometrics 2781:Approaches, 2737:Methodology 2633:Linguistics 2583:Environment 2549:Vexillology 2472:Diplomatics 2455:Chorography 2394:Big History 2346:War diaries 2319:Illuminated 2314:Manuscripts 2299:Hieroglyphs 2179:historicity 2088:Shock value 2043:Eclecticism 1936:Experiments 1557:Nationalism 1493:Civil death 1412:Enforcement 1138:Olson, 235. 507:Paul Bunyan 503:Kemp Morgan 483:Bowleg Bill 479:Tony Beaver 436:steelworker 432:Joe Magarac 408:August 2024 345:August 2024 288:Peter Burke 223:Great Lakes 219:Paul Bunyan 134:, and some 104:nationalism 61:August 2024 6522:Conformity 6511:Categories 6495:Multimedia 6314:Technology 6278:Urreligion 6181:Kharijites 6132:Background 5800:Historical 5771:Zhou Enlai 5666:Mao Zedong 5661:Louis Riel 5434:Background 5285:Guilty Men 5227:Uniqueness 5150:Background 5145:Winter War 5069:Background 5002:Versailles 4856:Great Game 4503:Ricardians 4498:Tudor myth 4216:Partitions 3809:Succession 3099:Narratives 3084:Presentism 3040:Philosophy 2860:Humanistic 2748:Case study 2680:Indigenous 2658:Diplomatic 2602:Capitalism 2502:Onomastics 2460:Chronology 2289:Facsimiles 2274:Chronicles 2172:historians 2143:Historians 1877:Compliance 1870:Conformity 1770:Hysterical 1760:Behavioral 1725:Propaganda 1710:Patriotism 1645:Groupthink 1471:Censorship 1450:Homo sacer 1405:Conformity 1030:(1): 101. 755:2006-31826 707:. Chicago 574:References 548:Mythopoeia 451:Pittsburgh 322:neutrality 296:Guy Beiner 239:fairy tale 207:Pecos Bill 138:, such as 6542:Tradition 6283:Perennial 6072:Economics 6024:Feudalism 5810:Australia 5558:Aurangzeb 5534:Political 5524:By person 5205:Pius Wars 5000:Treaty of 4659:conflicts 4466:Poor Laws 4329:Hispanism 4206:Sarmatism 4036:Sonderweg 3794:Expansion 3519:Litvinism 3353:Argentina 3187:Long 18th 3070:Dark Ages 2850:Historism 2648:Political 2587:Geography 2524:Philology 2487:Genealogy 2482:Epigraphy 2425:By source 2264:Artifacts 2073:Rebellion 2031:Political 1912:Obedience 1782:Emotional 1755:Addiction 1499:Vogelfrei 1456:Ostracism 1439:Dissenter 1435:Dissident 1213:0002-7294 1166:0013-8266 1052:143464386 811:193690675 803:2733-5348 727:cite book 663:145003549 396:talk page 333:talk page 282:Criticism 264:folk hero 249:The term 188:The term 159:modernity 132:Taekwondo 6485:Category 6400:template 6114:Religion 5965:Socrates 5880:Muhammed 5802:rankings 5683:Napoleon 5501:Category 5319:Cold War 5222:Slovakia 4809:Waterloo 4678:Crusades 4623:Military 4471:Scotland 4429:Kemalist 3751:Nam tiến 3746:Vietnam 3736:Ukraine 3694:Romania 3676:Portugal 3602:Georgia 3577:Medieval 3526:Bulgaria 3515:Belarus 3500:Austria 3306:Americas 3274:Morocco 3270:Ethiopia 3049:Specific 2972:Concepts 2877:Leninist 2835:Feminist 2823:Critical 2670:Feminism 2643:Military 2597:Business 2592:Economic 2574:Cultural 2558:By topic 2544:Toponymy 2492:Heraldry 2440:template 2387:By scale 2309:Logbooks 2294:Features 2259:Archives 2078:Red team 2016:Deviance 1536:Shunning 989:Folklore 919:Folklore 641:Folklore 517:See also 475:Big Mose 447:Croatian 390:You may 326:disputed 251:fakelore 190:fakelore 178:fakelore 150:and the 130:such as 120:tartanry 18:Fakelore 6420:Related 6310:Science 5955:Madonna 5927:Judaism 5890:Judaism 5722:Saladin 5612:Hypatia 5536:leaders 5460:Related 5413:Origins 5376:Origins 5327:Origins 4883:Origins 4829:Origins 4695:Origins 4557:Oceania 4520:British 4458:Kingdom 4101:Ireland 4008:Germany 3716:Sweden 3589:New Age 3565:Ancient 3561:Europe 3557:Croatia 3489:Albania 3482:Eurasia 3284:Rwanda 2982:General 2882:Marxist 2783:schools 2612:Thought 2579:Ecology 2341:Scrolls 2279:Codices 2247:Sources 2186:history 2163:History 2026:Dissent 1809:Teasing 1775:Suicide 1690:Mobbing 1483:Outcast 1327:1497745 1122:1498351 1044:2739820 1009:1259723 974:1178561 939:1259975 455:magarac 126:, some 6046:Salons 5848:Others 5815:Canada 5449:Causes 5386:Causes 5361:Causes 5155:Spirit 5089:Causes 5059:Causes 4924:Causes 4893:Causes 4866:Causes 4844:Causes 4775:Causes 4522:Empire 4456:United 4422:Turkey 4237:Russia 4211:Deluge 4194:Poland 3934:France 3732:Taiwan 3705:Serbia 3511:Balhae 3362:Causes 3313:Canada 3247:Egypt 3240:Africa 2764:Tarikh 2685:Labour 2675:Gender 2665:Social 2465:dating 2331:Papyri 2254:Annals 2083:Satire 2048:Hermit 1650:Hazing 1488:Outlaw 1351:  1325:  1283:541047 1281:  1244:  1221:679222 1219:  1211:  1174:571469 1172:  1164:  1120:  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Index

Fakelore
WikiProject Religion

clan tartans
Eric Hobsbawm
Terence Ranger
nationalism
neo-Druidism
tartanry
major religions
Korean martial arts
Taekwondo
Japanese martial arts
judo
Benedict Anderson
imagined communities
pizza effect
modernity
authenticity
folklore studies
Richard M. Dorson
The American Mercury
cowboy
Pecos Bill
American West
Edward S. O'Reilly
Paul Bunyan
Great Lakes
Folklorismus
tourism industry

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