43:
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709:
593:
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355:, initiated in the fourteenth century, reached a peak in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. After about 1600, these lost their appeal to elite customers, and the quality of painting declined, with geometric designs and simple shapes replacing the complicated and sophisticated scenes of the best period. Production continues to the present day in many centres, and the wares are again called "faience" in English (though usually still
31:
210:
166:
capable of producing temperatures exceeding 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) was required to achieve this result, the result of millennia of refined pottery-making traditions. The term is now used for a wide variety of pottery from several parts of the world, including many types of
European painted
496:, London, and at other centres, from the late sixteenth century, provided apothecaries with jars for wet and dry drugs, among a wide range of wares. Large painted dishes were produced for weddings and other special occasions, with crude decoration that later appealed to collectors of English
500:. Many of the early potters in London were Flemish. By about 1600, blue-and-white wares were being produced, labelling the contents within decorative borders. The production was slowly superseded in the first half of the eighteenth century with the introduction of cheap
1058:
developed in the 18th century, many of which did not need tin-glazes to achieve a white colour. These were hugely successful and exported to Europe and the
Americas. They are not called "faience" in English, but may be in other languages, e.g. creamware was known as
129:
579:, can bear the names of their intended contents, generally in Latin and often so abbreviated to be unrecognizable to the untutored eye. Mottoes of fellowships and associations became popular in the 18th century, leading to the
477:, can bear the names of their intended contents, generally in Latin and often so abbreviated to be unrecognizable to the untutored eye. Mottoes of fellowships and associations became popular in the 18th century, leading to the
640:. At the low end of the market, local manufactories continued to supply regional markets with coarse and simple wares, and many local varieties have continued to be made in versions of the old styles as a form of
399:, characteristically decorated in blue on white. It began in the early sixteenth century on a relatively small scale, imitating Italian maiolica, but from around 1580 it began to imitate the highly sought-after
452:
and many smaller centres. The cluster of factories in the south were generally the most innovative, while
Strasbourg and other centres near the Rhine were much influenced by German porcelain.
425:
were the leading French centres of faience manufacturing in the 17th century, both able to supply wares to the standards required by the court and nobility. Nevers continued the
Italian
410:. From the later half of the century the Dutch were manufacturing and exporting very large quantities, some in its own recognisably Dutch style, as well as copying East Asian porcelain.
773:
are characterized by extensive amounts of blue faience, which was developed by the natives of Kerma independently of
Egyptian techniques. Examples of ancient faience are also found in
186:, leaving "faience" as the normal term in English for French, German, Spanish, Portuguese wares and those of other countries not mentioned (it is also the usual French term, and
1050:
is a term for
English faience, mostly of the 17th and early 18th centuries. Not all of it imitated Dutch delftware, though much did. It was replaced by the much better
455:
The products of faience manufactories are identified by the usual methods of ceramic connoisseurship: the character of the clay body, the character and palette of the
616:
took over the market for refined faience. The French industry was given a nearly fatal blow by a commercial treaty with Great
Britain in 1786, much lobbied for by
1562:
1580:
548:
styles of the French porcelain factories and often hired and trained painters with the skill to produce work of a quality that sometimes approached them.
1494:
Peter
Lacovara, 'Nubian Faience', in ed. Florence D Friendman, Gifts of the Nile - Ancient Egyptian Faience, London: Thames & Hudson, 1998, 46-49)
174:
English generally uses various other terms for well-known sub-types of faience. Italian tin-glazed earthenware, at least the early forms, is called
551:
The products of French faience manufactories, rarely marked, are identified by the usual methods of ceramic connoisseurship: the character of the
1004:
1271:
429:
maiolica style, painted with figurative subjects, until around 1650. Many others centres developed from the early 18th century, led in 1690 by
517:
Dutch potters in northern (and
Protestant) Germany established German centres of faience: the first manufactories in Germany were opened at
1600:
1139:
206:, Italy, where a painted majolica ware on a clean, opaque pure-white ground, was produced for export as early as the fifteenth century.
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20:
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W SS, 'Glazed
Faience Tiles found at Kerma in the Sudan,' Museum of the Fine Arts, Vol.LX:322, Boston 1962, p. 136
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735:
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777:, which was likely influenced by Egyptian culture. Faience material, for instance, has been recovered from the
755:
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By the mid-18th centuries many French factories produced (as well as simpler wares) pieces that followed the
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and, 2. The pottery of coloured glazes decoration over unglazed earthenware molded in low relief. At the
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The first northerners to imitate the tin-glazed earthenwares being imported from Italy were the Dutch.
1395:"The Italian Vase is Majolica, the painting being executed by a process not hitherto employed. The
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162:. The invention seems to have been made in Iran or the Middle East before the ninth century. A
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and Europe. However, this material is not pottery at all, containing no clay, but a vitreous
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232:, does not properly qualify as faience, but the distinction is not usually maintained. Semi-
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https://archive.org/details/artjournalillust1863lond/page/n25?q=1862+Art+journal+Catalogue
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broadly encompassed finely glazed ceramic beads, figures and other small objects found in
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to Italy and the rest of Europe. Later these industries continued under Christian lords.
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122:
1082:
765:–1885 BC. Different to those of ancient Egypt in theme and composition, artefacts of the
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In English 19th-century usage "faience" was often used to describe "any earthenware with
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1476:
Julian Henderson, The Science & Archaeology of Materials, London: ROutledge 200: 54)
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re-discovered the technique of lustered faience "to an extraordinarily high standard".
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23:. For the ceramics of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Indian sites of the Indus Valley, see
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Many centres of traditional manufacture are recognized, as well as some individual
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in northern Italy was a general term used in French, and then reached English.
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467:(especially from Nevers) bears mottoes often on decorative labels or banners.
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with metallic glazes was perfected. From at least the 14th century,
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is not really faience, or pottery, at all, but made of a vitreous
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in Italian). At some point "faience" as a term for pottery from
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1522:(Royal Pharmaceutical Society) "English Delftware Storage Jars"
1343:(Royal Pharmaceutical Society) "English Delftware Storage Jars"
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Egyptian pendant of lions or Apis Bull. The Walters Art Museum.
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bears mottoes often on decorative labels or banners. Wares for
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In Italy, locally produced tin-glazed earthenwares, now called
1555:
1313:"the larger one" in Medieval Latin and Italian, as opposed to
680:. The coloured glazes majolica wares were later also made by
348:. This type of pottery owed much to its Moorish inheritance.
79:
1427:
which we now call majolica, but which Minton referred to as
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is a kind of faience, made at potteries round Delft in the
94:
73:
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1389:
Art Journal Catalogue, Exhibited Class XXXV, no.6873, D78.
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church houses the porcelain and faience collection of the
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modelling decorated with coloured glazes", including much
1362:
The Art of Ceramics: European Ceramic Design, 1500-1830
413:
In France, the first well-known painter of faïence was
146:
suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an
53:, by a French factory that also made porcelain, 1760–65
1575:
1537:
1534:
Archaeology reveals English, Russian and Dutch wares.
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that was beginning to reach Europe, soon followed by
220:, 15th century, the earliest type of European faience
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85:
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70:
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at a nominal level. In the early 19th century, fine
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was imitating decors of its Dutch and French rivals.
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By the mid-18th century, glazed earthenware made in
521:(1661) and Heusenstamm (1662), soon moved to nearby
103:
97:
76:
1566:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 126.
1246:Florida Faience, Martin Cushman, (Mt Plymouth Fl)
608:, and the refined earthenwares first developed in
1532:"Tin-glazed earthenware from Port Royal, Jamaica"
604:In the course of the later 18th century, cheaper
565:being left in its undecorated fired white slip.
463:being left in its undecorated fired white slip.
34:Modern bowl in a traditional pattern, made in
676:both were exhibited. Both are known today as
167:wares, often produced as cheaper versions of
8:
1451:"Combined Foreparts of a Lion and Apis Bull"
632:—closed the last of the traditional makers'
1289:Petrie, Kevin; Livingstone, Andrew, eds.,
793:Painting a plate before firing in a kiln,
328:" are garbled versions of "Maiorica", the
585:that was a specialty of the years of the
481:that was a specialty of the years of the
696:. At the end of the nineteenth century,
38:, Italy, which gave its name to the type
1364:, p. 220, 2001, Yale University Press,
1282:
1054:and other types of refined earthenware
1022:– biggest Silesian producer (1763–1853)
996:(1661–1810) – first producer in Germany
730:as early as 4000 BC, as well as in the
620:, which set the import duty on English
228:, such as the French sixteenth-century
1467:Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide, 2012
1293:, p. 98, 2017, Bloomsbury Publishing,
1415:, Paul Atterbury and Maureen Batkin,
742:, either self-glazing or glazed. The
628:—fired so hot that the unglazed body
417:, established in Rouen in the 1530s.
121:
7:
664:in the style of Renaissance Italian
367:French and northern European faïence
19:For the architectural material, see
704:Ancient frit wares called "faience"
555:, the character and palette of the
178:in English, Dutch wares are called
158:glaze, was a major advance in the
14:
1272:Musée de la Faïence de Marseille
748:William the Faience Hippopotamus
674:International Exhibition of 1862
182:, and their English equivalents
66:
21:Glazed architectural terra-cotta
1005:Öttingen–Schrattenhofen faience
962:Royal Factory of Alcora faience
559:, and the style of decoration,
459:, and the style of decoration,
256:glazed architectural terracotta
1538:Russian national faience craft
313:", either directly or via the
194:is simply the French name for
1:
759:
382:
239:may be glazed like faience.
977:Talavera de la Reina pottery
142:. The invention of a white
1601:Types of pottery decoration
1508:, Modern Antiquarian (2007)
1317:, "the smaller one" of the
1120:Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles
1012:– Kurfürstliche Fayencerie
972:Royal Factory of Sargadelos
967:Royal Factory of La Moncloa
746:displays a piece known as "
1619:
1581:Gallery of Russian faience
1527:German faience beer steins
1333:(London: Faber and Faber).
1230:, Mueller Mosaic Company,
863:Moustiers faience, of the
805:. A partial list follows.
744:Metropolitan Museum of Art
715:
644:, and today for tourists.
274:
247:, and so closer to glass.
18:
1329:Alan Caiger-Smith, 1973.
736:Indus Valley civilisation
408:Japanese export porcelain
289:brought the technique of
1152:Herrebøe Faience Factory
894:Mesves sur Loire faience
756:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
670:Great Exhibition of 1851
652:In the 19th century two
404:Chinese export porcelain
1563:Encyclopædia Britannica
1543:Russian Faience factory
1237:Lonhuda Pottery Company
1223:Ephraim Faience Pottery
889:Creil-Montereau faience
686:Staffordshire potteries
305:in Andalusia and later
226:lead-glazed earthenware
1455:The Walters Art Museum
924:
798:
713:
656:techniques revived by
601:
514:
388:
311:Hispano-Moresque wares
291:tin-glazed earthenware
277:Hispano-Moresque wares
221:
190:in German). The name
54:
39:
1205:Blue Mountain Pottery
1125:Loosdrechts Porselein
1056:Staffordshire pottery
989:Abtsbessingen faience
958:(faience manufactory)
918:
792:
781:archaeological site.
711:
684:and numerous smaller
610:Staffordshire pottery
595:
535:Swiss National Museum
510:
374:
271:Western Mediterranean
214:Hispano-Moresque ware
212:
45:
33:
1417:Dictionary of Minton
1031:Stockelsdorf faience
904:Saint-Porchaire ware
797:, Cappadocia, Turkey
527:Zunfthaus zur Meisen
344:at the close of the
230:Saint-Porchaire ware
1387:, Editorial Staff,
1291:The Ceramics Reader
1232:Trenton, New Jersey
1228:Herman Carl Mueller
1078:Bing & Grøndahl
1010:Poppelsdorf faience
899:Montpellier faience
854:Niderviller pottery
845:and other factories
582:Faïence patriotique
479:faïence patriotique
297:, where the art of
51:Niderviller faience
1506:Knossos fieldnotes
1503:C. Michael Hogan,
1348:2007-10-06 at the
1331:Tin-Glazed Pottery
1217:California Faience
1193:Talavera (pottery)
925:
884:Faïencerie de Gien
870:Strasbourg faience
799:
714:
678:Victorian majolica
662:Tin-glazed pottery
602:
525:. In Switzerland,
515:
389:
260:Victorian majolica
222:
160:history of pottery
140:tin-glazed pottery
55:
40:
16:Tin-glazed pottery
1372:, 9780300083873,
1301:, 9781472584434,
1182:Gmunden (pottery)
1048:English delftware
1036:Stralsund faience
1026:Schleswig faience
875:Lunéville Faience
865:Ateliers Clérissy
732:Ancient Near East
698:William de Morgan
587:French Revolution
512:Luneville faience
490:English delftware
483:French Revolution
471:wares, including
415:Masseot Abaquesne
342:kingdom of Aragon
309:exported these "
184:English delftware
134:) is the general
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1000:Nürnberg faience
906:, for comparison
882:, including the
764:
761:
718:Egyptian faience
568:Faïence parlante
465:Faïence parlante
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315:Balearic Islands
241:Egyptian faience
136:English language
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492:" produced in
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1049:
1042:
1038:(closed 1792)
1037:
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1029:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
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1003:
1001:
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994:Hanau faience
992:
990:
987:
986:
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978:
975:
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968:
965:
963:
960:
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949:
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942:
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939:Turin faience
937:
935:
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927:
926:
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919:Faience from
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910:
905:
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868:
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859:Aprey Faience
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
826:
825:Rouen faience
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
804:
796:
791:
784:
782:
780:
776:
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749:
745:
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737:
733:
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719:
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475:
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466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
423:Rouen faience
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
381:, Marseille,
380:
377:
373:
366:
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224:Technically,
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144:pottery glaze
141:
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114:
63:
59:
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49:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
1561:
1516:Bibliography
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1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
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1436:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:google books
1361:
1356:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1309:
1303:google books
1290:
1285:
1174:
1173:
1083:Kastrup Værk
1061:faience fine
1060:
1046:
944:Lodi faience
880:Gien Faience
831:Veuve Perrin
820:Lyon Faience
802:
800:
775:Minoan Crete
723:
721:
651:
633:
603:
581:
580:
575:, including
573:apothecaries
567:
566:
561:
560:
550:
543:
516:
487:
478:
472:
464:
460:
454:
433:in Brittany
426:
412:
390:
356:
352:
350:
319:
284:
249:
223:
191:
187:
173:
148:oxide of tin
61:
57:
56:
1576:Gien France
1391:, page #:8
1099:Netherlands
1063:in France.
1016:(1755–1829)
1014:Poppelsdorf
843:Honoré Savy
829:Marseille:
769:Kingdom of
763: 1981
752:Meir, Egypt
672:and at the
638:beer steins
622:earthenware
531:Fraumünster
397:Netherlands
386: 1770
346:Middle Ages
1590:Categories
1423:decorated
1370:0300083874
1299:1472584430
1267:Lusterware
1257:Clockarium
1219:(Berkeley)
1105:Boerenbont
469:Apothecary
446:Strasbourg
299:lustreware
295:Al-Andalus
216:dish from
1262:Delftware
1169:Rörstrand
1110:Delftware
1052:creamware
722:The term
660:were: 1.
636:even for
630:vitrifies
626:stoneware
614:creamware
606:porcelain
577:albarello
523:Frankfurt
502:creamware
474:albarelli
450:Lunéville
442:Marseille
438:Moustiers
427:istoriato
393:Delftware
340:from the
237:stoneware
198:, in the
180:Delftware
169:porcelain
1346:Archived
1251:See also
1073:Aluminia
803:ateliers
795:Gülşehir
682:Wedgwood
666:maiolica
642:folk art
634:ateliers
612:such as
498:folk art
357:maiolica
353:maiolica
326:maiolica
322:Majolica
307:Valencia
281:maiolica
234:vitreous
176:maiolica
171:styles.
1596:Pottery
1401:Palissy
1315:Menorca
1176:Austria
1067:Denmark
1043:England
983:Germany
956:Manises
923:, Italy
921:Laterza
779:Knossos
750:" from
724:faience
690:Burslem
654:glazing
648:Revival
598:Liguria
494:Lambeth
431:Quimper
334:Majorca
324:" and "
266:History
218:Manises
204:Ravenna
200:Romagna
192:faience
188:fayence
150:to the
119:French:
62:faïence
58:Faience
1368:
1297:
1199:Canada
1187:Mexico
1163:Sweden
1146:Norway
809:France
767:Nubian
734:, the
688:round
658:Minton
546:Rococo
539:Zürich
379:tureen
376:Rococo
361:Faenza
330:island
303:Málaga
252:relief
196:Faenza
48:Rococo
36:Faenza
1425:wares
1421:glaze
1403:vase.
1399:is a
1278:Notes
950:Spain
911:Italy
785:Types
771:Kerma
728:Egypt
557:glaze
529:near
519:Hanau
457:glaze
338:Italy
287:Moors
202:near
154:of a
1413:1999
1397:Ewer
1385:1862
1366:ISBN
1295:ISBN
740:frit
692:and
553:body
448:and
421:and
285:The
279:and
258:and
245:frit
164:kiln
156:lead
152:slip
537:in
332:of
293:to
101:-,-
60:or
1592::
1560:.
1453:.
1431:."
841:,
837:,
833:,
760:c.
758:,
589:.
541:.
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444:,
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383:c.
117:;
107:ɒ̃
95:eɪ
80:ɑː
74:aɪ
1457:.
488:"
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113:/
110:s
104:ˈ
98:ˈ
92:f
89:,
86:s
83:n
77:ˈ
71:f
68:/
64:(
27:.
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