Fairey Battle - Knowledge (XXG)

1851: 370: 394: 1080: 647:. The Battle was considered well-armoured by the standards of 1940, although there was an emphasis on protection against small-arms fire from the ground. No RAF bombers were fitted with self-sealing tanks at the beginning of the war, although they were hastily fitted once the necessity became apparent. Since it was some time before self-sealing tanks could be mass-produced, it was a common stop-gap in 1940, even into 1941, to simply armour the rear of the fuel tanks with single or double layers of 4 mm armour. The Battle, along with the rest of the early-war inventory, was taken out of front-line duties before it had a chance to be fitted with self-sealing tanks. 1250: 997: 1534: 1230: 1314: 1462: 1268: 484:, powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine. Production aircraft were progressively powered by various models of the Merlin engine, such as the Merlin I, II, III (most numerous) and V but all bomber variants were called the Battle Mk I. The Battle had a relatively clean design, having adopted a slim oval-shaped fuselage which was manufactured in two sections. The forward section, in front of the cockpit, included a steel tubular structure to support the engine; the rear section was of a metal 1843: 1383: 627: 1291: 470: 1515: 1337: 3861: 3849: 656: 559: 1360: 680:, became the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the Fairey Battle. On 20 May 1937, the delivery of the first Battle to No. 63 occurred; following further deliveries, the squadron was initially assigned to perform development trials. The type holds the distinction of being the first operational aircraft powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine to enter service, having beaten the debut of the 611: 1492: 1748: 254:(RAF). A requirement of the prospective aircraft was to be capable of carrying 1,000 lb (450 kg) of bombs over a distance of 1,000 mi (1,600 km) while flying at a speed of 200 mph (320 km/h). According to aviation author Tony Buttler, during the early 1920s, Britain had principally envisioned that a war with France as its enemy and the range to reach 1406: 438:, conducted its maiden flight. At that point, concerns that the aircraft was obsolete had become widespread, but due to the difficulties associated with getting other aircraft types into production, and the labour force having already been established, stop-gap orders were maintained, and production continued at a steady rate through to late 1940. 31: 727:. Once the Battles arrived, the aircraft were dispersed and efforts were made to camouflage or otherwise obscure their presence; the envisioned purpose of their deployment had been that, in the event of German commencement of bombing attacks, the Battles based in France could launch retaliatory raids upon Germany, specifically in the 1056:, conducted its first flight. Deliveries occurred at a steady pace until the last Battle was received on 7 December 1943. These aircraft were a mix of bomber, target tug, and dual-control trainer variants; they were mainly used by Bombing and Gunnery schools until 1945; the last aircraft were phased out in 1949. 1004:

While found to be inadequate as a bomber aircraft in the Second World War, the Fairey Battle found a new niche in its later service life. As the Fairey Battle T, for which it was furnished with a dual-cockpit arrangement in place of the standard long canopy, the type served as a trainer aircraft. The

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Even prior to the first flight of the prototype, some members of the Air Staff had concluded that both the specified range and bomb load, to which the aircraft had been designed, were insufficient to enable its viable use in a prospective conflict with a re-emergent Germany. Despite these performance

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was tasked with ferrying Fairey Battle Mk.I (N2159) from RAF Little Risington to RAF Martlesham Heath in company with a more experienced officer in another Battle. Tipple had never flown the type previously and received only brief instruction before takeoff. Once in the air the aircraft was observed

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By the time that the Battle was entering service in 1937 it had already been rendered obsolete by the rapid advances in aircraft technology. The performance and capabilities of fighter aircraft had increased to outstrip the modest performance gains that the light bomber had achieved over its biplane

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fighters and within easy range of light anti-aircraft guns. In the first of two sorties carried out by Battles on 10 May 1940, three out of eight aircraft were lost, while a further 10 out of 24 were shot down in the second sortie, giving a total of 13 lost in that day's attacks, with the remainder

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when employed as a bombing/gunnery training. As the winch-equipped Fairey Battle TT (target tug), it was used as a target-towing aircraft to support airborne gunnery training exercises. Furthermore, Battles were not only used in this role by the RAF, several overseas operators opted to acquire the

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On 15 June 1940, the last remaining aircraft of the Advanced Air Striking Force returned to Britain. In six weeks almost 200 Battles had been lost, with 99 lost between 10 and 16 May. After the return from France, for a short period of time, the RAF continued to rely on the light bomber. Reforming

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which was carried in cells contained within the internal space of the wings. Maximum bomb load was 1,500 lb (680 kg), with two additional 250 lb (113 kg) bombs on under-wing racks or with two 500 lb (227 kg) bombs carried externally under bomb bays and two 250 lb

925:), which enabled the aircrews to contribute more effectively to the campaign; but not without several losses, especially when surprised above some predictable targets (air bases, ports etc.). Italian biplanes dived as fast as possible over the bombers, trying to shoot them down in the first pass. 916:

were also supplied with some Battles. In August 1940, No. 11 Squadron took possession of at least four, which were flown north to be operated in the Italian East Africa (Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland and Eritrea) campaign. They conducted bombing and reconnaissance operations. Whereas in France the

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coded PH-K, for pressing home the attack in spite of the heavy defensive fire. The third crew member, rear gunner Leading Aircraftsman Lawrence Reynolds, did not share the award. Both fighters and flak had proved lethal for the Battles. Although Garland's Battle managed to destroy one span of the

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The Battle was a robust aircraft which was frequently described as being easy to fly, even for relatively inexperienced pilots. The pilot was provided with good external visibility and the cockpit was considered to be roomy and comfortable for the era but the tasks of simultaneously deploying the

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As the RAF embarked on what became a substantial pre-war expansion programme, the Battle was promptly recognised as being a priority production target. At one point a total of 2,419 aircraft were on order for the service. In June 1937, the first aircraft was completed at Hayes, but all subsequent

814:. The light bombers were attacked by swarms of opposing fighters and were devastated. Out of a strike force of 63 Battles and eight Bristol Blenheims, 40 (including 35 Battles) were lost. After these abortive raids, the Battle was switched to mainly night attacks, resulting in much lower losses. 213:

suffered many losses, frequently in excess of 50 per cent of aircraft sorties per mission. By the end of 1940 the type had been withdrawn from front-line service and relegated to training units overseas. As an aircraft that had been considered to hold great promise in the pre-war era, the Battle

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was later used to perform a series of official handling and performance trials in advance to the wider introduction of the type to operational service. During these trials, it demonstrated the Battle's ability to conduct missions of a 1,000-mile range while under a full bomb load. The first 136

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fighters, being almost 100 mph (160 km/h) slower than the contemporary Bf 109 at 14,000 ft (4,300 m). That same day, three Battles were engaged by German fighters, resulting in two Battles being lost. During the winter of 1939–1940, the Advanced Air Striking Force underwent

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concerns, there was also considerable pressure for the Battle to be rapidly placed into mass production in order that it could contribute to a wider increase of the RAF's frontline combat aircraft strength in line with similar strides being made during the 1930s by the German

194:. As the Battle, with its three-man crew and bomb load, was much heavier than the fighters, it was therefore much slower. Though a great improvement over the aircraft that preceded it, its relatively slow speed, limited range and inadequate defensive armament of only two 1822:. It was built as a pilot trainer in 1940, and taken on strength by the RCAF in 1941. Converted to a gunnery trainer with a turret in 1942, it was used until stored in 1943. The aircraft was transferred to the Canada Aviation Museum in 1964, and was restored in the 1990s. 755:

restructuring; some of the Battle-equipped squadrons were returned to the UK while their place was taken by Bristol Blenheim-equipped squadrons instead. The activities of the Advanced Air Striking Force were principally restricted to training exercises during this time.

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While the Battle was no longer viable as a frontline combat aircraft, its benign handling characteristics meant that it was an ideal platform for testing engines, and it was used in this role to evaluate engines up to 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) including the

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In October 1940, a sole RCAF Battle Mk I was converted into a prototype for a future series, powered by an 840 hp (630 kW) Wright Cyclone R-1820-G38. The Battle IIT was conceived as a stopgap conversion in the likelihood that Merlins were

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Fairey-built Battles were the first aircraft to be powered by the Merlin I engine. By the end of 1937, 85 Battles had been completed and a number of RAF squadrons had been re-equipped with the type, or were otherwise in the process of re-equipping.

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Prior to the Second World War, in spring 1939, the Polish government had placed an order for 100 Battle bombers, but none of these were delivered before the outbreak of war. The first 22 aircraft were sent in early September 1939 on two ships to

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for anti-invasion operations supporting British forces. L5343 was the first RAF aircraft to land on Icelandic soil, and crashed during subsequent operations. In 1972, the RAF recovered the wreck for restoration, which was completed at the

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The Battle had a crew of three, pilot, observer/bomb aimer and radio operator/air gunner, under one long continuous canopy which extended between the two cockpits set at the leading and trailing edges of the wing. The aircraft had a fixed

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unit. The choice of engine enabled the designing of the aircraft to possess exceptionally clean lines and a subsequently generous speed performance. The resulting design was an all-metal single-engine aircraft, which adopted a low-mounted

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Three-seat light bomber version. Powered by a 1,030 hp (770 kW) Rolls-Royce Merlin I, a 1,030 hp (770 kW) Merlin II, Merlin III or Merlin V inline piston engines (sometimes known unofficially as Battle I, II, III, V

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suffering damage. Despite bombing from as low as 250 ft (76 m), their attacks were recorded as having had little impact on the German columns. During the following day, nine Belgian Air Force Battles attacked bridges over the

1025:, Canada. A total of 802 Battles were eventually delivered from England, serving in various roles and configurations, including dual-control trainers, target-tugs, and gunnery trainers for both the Bombing and Gunnery schools of the 449:

finish. In September 1940, all production activity came to a close and the final assembly lines were shuttered. Overall production of the Battle during its entire manufacturing life was 2,201 machines, including 16 for Belgium.

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On 14 May 1940, in a desperate attempt to stop German forces crossing the Meuse, the Advanced Air Striking Force launched an "all-out" attack by all available bombers against the German bridgehead and pontoon bridges at

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bomber: three crew, 1,000 lbs standard bomb load and two machine guns, although the Battle was a single-engine bomber with less horsepower. The Battle had a standard payload of four 250 lb (113 kg) GP

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antecedents. For defence, the Battle had been armed only with a single Browning machine gun and a trainable Vickers K in the rear position; in service, these proved to be woefully inadequate. The Battle lacked an

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through an open aiming panel behind the radiator outlet. If the pilot's canopy was open a rush of hot air and oil mist from the radiator through the open panel would prevent the bomb aimer from using the Mk. VII

266:, a key motivational factor in the Air Ministry's development of Specification P.27/32 had been for the corresponding aircraft to act as an insurance policy in the event that heavier bombers were banned by the 545:

in the rear cockpit for the gunner. The observer-navigator was behind and below the pilot in a cabin within the fuselage. The bomb aiming position was in the bottom of the aircraft with sighting done in a

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flaps and the retractable undercarriage, which included a safety catch, has been highlighted as posing considerable complication. Climate control within the cockpit was also reportedly poor.

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engine. Modifications included the adoption of a fixed undercarriage, large ventral radiator, and an auxiliary intake. The two Sabre-equipped Battles accumulated roughly 700 flight hours.

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As part of a study of potential alternative engines in the event of supply interruptions of the Merlin engine, which normally powered the type, were encountered, a single Canadian Battle,

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in May 1940, Battles were called upon to perform unescorted, low-level tactical attacks against the advancing German army; this use of the type placed the aircraft at risk of attack from

1811:, Belgium. This aircraft spent much of its career in Canada. It was acquired by the Brussels museum in 1990 as representative of aircraft that served with the Belgian Air Force in 1940. 1804: 1752: 500:. The structure of the aircraft involved several innovations and firsts for Fairey: it had the distinction of being the company's first low-wing monoplane; it also was the first light- 323:. Of the submissions made, the Air Ministry selected Armstrong Whitworth and Fairey to produce prototypes to demonstrate their designs. On 10 March 1936, the first Fairey prototype, 5261: 357:. As such, the initial production order placed for the type, for the manufacture of 155 aircraft built as per the requirements of Specification P.23/35, which had received the name 703:

The Battle was obsolete by the start of the Second World War, but remained a front-line RAF bomber owing to a lack of a suitable replacement. On 2 September 1939, during the "

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between end of March and mid April 1941. No significant contribution of this type was reported during this period, although some hits were recorded by the Greek Air Force.

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By May 1939, there were a total of 17 RAF squadrons that had been equipped with the Battle. While many of these were frontline combat squadrons, some, under the

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The wing of the Battle used a two-part construction, the centre section being integral with the fuselage. The internal structure of the wings relied upon steel

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attacked two road bridges over the Albert Canal; four of these aircraft were destroyed while the final aircraft crash-landing upon its return to its base. Two

369: 445:. The Belgian Battles were delivered in early 1938, and were differentiated from British-built examples by having a longer radiator cowling and a smoother 393: 4996: 724: 347:

for service trials, during which it attained a maximum speed of 257 MPH and reportedly achieved a performance in advance of any contemporary day bomber.

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and later equipping four new Polish squadrons with the type, it continued to be deployed in operations against shipping massed in the Channel ports for

1079: 3918: 5335: 2487: 2457: 795: 945:– serial numbers starting from B274 – participated in secondary bombing roles against enemy infantry. Most of them were destroyed on the ground by 2129: 1133:

2,000 hp (1,500 kW) or higher engine; in addition to the engine itself, K9370 was furnished with electrically-controlled three-bladed

418:, about 6 miles away. A total of 1,156 aircraft were produced by Fairey. Subsequently, as part of government-led wartime production planning, a 381:

In 1936, further orders were placed for Fairey to build additional Battles to Specification P.14/36. In June 1937, the first production Battle,

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RAF's Battles had encountered modern German fighters in large numbers, the South Africans faced a smaller number of Italian biplane fighters (

5340: 5320: 3672: 3460: 3005: 1826: 434:, also produced the type, manufacturing a total of 1,029 aircraft to Specification P.32/36. On 22 July 1938, the first Austin-built Battle, 209:" the type achieved the distinction of scoring the first aerial victory of an RAF aircraft in the conflict. In May 1940, the Battles of the 3619: 2561: 287:

served as the aircraft's principal designer. One of the early decisions made by Lobelle on the project was the use of the newly developed

1709:, Babergh, Suffolk and the pilot was killed. Tipple is buried in Hintlesham churchyard and is commemorated on the adjacent war memorial. 4222: 232: 750:; this occasion is recognised as being the RAF's first aerial victory of the war. Nonetheless, the Battle was hopelessly outclassed by 691:, were assigned to a non-mobilising training role; on the eve of the outbreak of war, these squadrons were reassigned to operate under 2579: 5156: 5001: 3812: 3797: 3782: 3754: 3739: 3724: 3709: 3694: 3650: 3635: 3611: 3579: 3517: 3493: 3478: 2777: 985: 1249: 3289: 5287: 5166: 4841: 3203: 2119: 1815: 1789: 832:

dive bomber suffered equivalent losses in a similar role. With the exception of a few successful twin-engine designs such as the

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In addition to the units listed, many Battles were operated by training schools, particularly for bombing and gunnery training.

1071:, which was reportedly pleased by the type's manoeuvrability. The type remained in RAF service, in secondary roles, until 1949. 291:

engine, which had been selected due to its favourable power and compact frontal area. The Merlin engine was quickly paired to a

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After May 1940, a number of Battle Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into training aircraft with a turret installed in the rear.

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A number of Battles which had been originally completed as bombers were later converted to serve in different roles, such as

844:, low-level attack missions passed into the hands of single-engine, fighter-bomber aircraft, such as the Hawker Hurricane, 5201: 4142: 3911: 3353: 1761: 775:, losing six aircraft and in another RAF sortie that day against a German column, only one Battle out of eight survived. 5091: 5006: 4596: 4274: 3145: 2555: 1713: 316: 5186: 5126: 5121: 4726: 4706: 4017: 277:

were keen to produce a design to meet the demands of Specification P.27/32 and commenced work upon such a design. The

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Following an initial evaluation using a handful of aircraft, the SAAF purchased a number of Battles. Operated in the

5330: 4696: 4511: 4309: 2087: 2020: 1280: 1134: 1041: 538: 92: 5141: 5106: 4786: 4746: 4461: 1049: 938: 849: 552: 320: 305: 1533: 1147:, the aircraft was shipped to the US after 86 hours test time in December 1941. Testing continued for a time at 5325: 4238: 3904: 1716:, a racing motorist, aviator and prolific collector of veteran cars and aircraft was killed when Fairey Battle 1326: 1014: 267: 96: 1229: 5021: 4851: 4636: 4446: 4426: 4376: 4319: 4299: 3927: 2124: 1474: 1152: 1112: 1060: 941:, from the end of 1940 until April 1941. A few Fairey Battles of the RAF and about a dozen belonging to the 913: 292: 274: 159: 66: 4207: 5221: 5101: 5031: 4954: 4899: 4711: 4646: 4601: 4571: 2900: 1034: 644: 516: 61: 2495: 2465: 1037:, were introduced; the type remained in RCAF service until shortly after the end of hostilities in 1945. 5226: 5211: 4889: 4846: 4686: 4631: 4621: 4561: 4476: 4176: 3887: 3878: 3044: 2386: 2030: 1945: 1214:

After May 1940, a number of Battle Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into target tug aircraft; 100 built.

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A total of four companies decided to formally respond to Specification P.27/32, these being the Fairey,

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Battle T was equipped with dual-controls in the cockpit and optionally featured a Bristol-built Type I

1842: 5191: 5151: 5131: 5056: 4909: 4811: 4761: 4756: 4681: 4676: 4666: 4651: 4641: 4616: 4501: 4486: 4171: 4112: 1773: 1705:, Suffolk the aircraft was losing altitude and Tipple attempted to bail out. The aircraft crashed at 1697: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1538: 1238: 1093: 889: 873: 743: 731:

region, and would benefit from their closer range than otherwise possible from the British mainland.

473: 423: 340: 191: 626: 5216: 5161: 5111: 5076: 5051: 4944: 4939: 4856: 4781: 4626: 4516: 4436: 4381: 4152: 4132: 3118: 1769: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1365: 1030: 1018: 897: 885: 837: 779: 708: 669: 571: 344: 327:, equipped with a Merlin I engine capable of generating 1,030 hp (770 kW), performed its 3689:. Aircraft in Profile, Volume 2 (nos. 25–48). Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications, 1971. 3002: 1727:

On 23 September 1940, Fairey Battle K9480 on a training flight, crashed onto a house, killing the

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The bomb aimer position in the Battle was in the aircraft's floor. Note the CSBS Mk. VII equipment

5256: 5036: 5026: 4991: 4924: 4716: 4506: 4481: 4396: 4391: 4351: 4304: 4022: 3962: 3762: 1395: 881: 527: 508: 288: 179: 3827: 3564: 3548: 3534: 414:. Completed aircraft were promptly dispatched for testing at the company's facility adjacent to 3586:

Gifford, Simon (January–February 2004). "Lost Battles: The Carnage of May 10 to May 16, 1940".

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in Romania, to be received there by the Polish crews, but the ships were ordered back while in

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during daylight, resulting in occasional skirmishes and losses. On 20 September 1939, a German

198:(7.7 mm) machine guns left it highly vulnerable to enemy fighters and anti-aircraft fire. 5181: 4959: 4771: 4721: 4067: 3982: 3823: 3808: 3793: 3778: 3750: 3735: 3720: 3705: 3690: 3668: 3646: 3631: 3607: 3591: 3575: 3560: 3555: 3544: 3530: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3474: 3456: 3391: 2773: 2369: 1830: 1504: 1303: 1100:. These trials were often conducted to support the development of other aircraft, such as the 1068: 934: 861: 822: 469: 442: 263: 88: 5236: 5176: 5171: 5116: 5066: 5016: 5011: 4949: 4904: 4821: 4741: 4661: 4656: 4556: 4471: 4386: 4107: 4097: 4062: 4027: 4012: 3992: 2092: 1480: 1349: 1101: 981: 893: 791: 759: 681: 583: 458: 202: 187: 183: 3319: 2585: 1195:

After May 1940, a number of Battle Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into training aircraft.

5241: 5196: 4986: 4914: 4861: 4816: 4801: 4546: 4521: 4466: 4421: 4401: 4366: 4324: 4289: 4147: 4087: 3967: 3682:. Aircraft in Profile Number 34. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967. 3262: 3009: 2967: 1819: 1736: 1527: 1372: 1089: 857: 332: 312: 251: 163: 84: 3734:(bilingual French/Dutch). Aartselaar, Belgium: J. P. Publications, 2003, pp. 52–55. 1854:

A class of Czech airmen receiving a practical lecture on the engine controls of a Battle

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Ground crew unloading 250 lb (110 kg) GP bombs in front of a Battle, 1939–1940

5041: 4929: 4919: 4884: 4776: 4751: 4691: 4416: 4371: 4137: 4127: 4102: 3977: 3543:, No. 109, January/February 2004, pp. 18–25. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. 3529:, No. 96, November/December 2001, pp. 65–68. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. 3525: 3297: 3234: 2102: 1520: 1130: 974: 845: 803: 787: 783: 739: 677: 640: 618:

of a Battle mans the aircraft's defensive weapon, a single pintle-mounted rapid firing

578:, November 1939. No. 63 was the first operational squadron to be equipped with the type 547: 427: 419: 373:

Mechanics of No. 226 Squadron RAF overhaul the engines of their Battles in a hangar at

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interned 1 ex-RAF target tug in 1942. It was in use as a target tug from 1944 to 1946.

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Belgisch Leger/Armee Belge: Het Militair Vliegwezen/l'Aeronautique Militare 1930–1940

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On 16 December 1939 a recently qualified flyer, Pilot Officer Harold G. Tipple of

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Some sources state that the Fairey Battle was licence-produced in Denmark for the

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Gifford, Simon. "Lost Battles: The Carnage of May 10 to May 16, 1940".

2752: 864:. Their last combat sortie was mounted on the night of 15/16 October 1940 by No. 4791: 4701: 4456: 4356: 4346: 4284: 4042: 3987: 3769:. History of the Second World War. London: HMSO – via Hyperwar Foundation. 2107: 1064: 772: 728: 688: 610: 415: 244: 240: 175: 171: 1747: 5081: 4541: 4361: 4314: 4294: 4269: 4007: 4002: 3972: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3864: 3852: 3523:

Garcia, Dionisio. "Air Force on the Edge: Belgian Military Aviation in 1940".

1797: 1721: 1702: 1006: 918: 704: 673: 615: 575: 497: 454: 446: 431: 301: 206: 3595: 2565: 2373: 1029:. Canadian use of the Battle declined as more advanced aircraft, such as the 5206: 5071: 4836: 4736: 4671: 4196: 1273: 966: 600: 593: 485: 407: 353: 336: 259: 236: 167: 880:. Shortly afterwards Battle squadrons of No. 1 Group were re-equipped with 30: 1969:

257 mph (414 km/h, 223 kn) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)

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The last combat operations carried out by Fairey Battles were during the

869: 493: 411: 1067:, SAAF Battles were used into early 1942. Battles were also sold to the 4611: 4181: 3376: 1909: 1296: 1022: 954: 950: 901: 512: 278: 247: 3853:

Compilation of period footage of Battles taking off and during flights

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Technicians performing work upon the engine of a Battle, c. 1939–1940

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was shot down by Battle gunner Sgt F. Letchford during a patrol near

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In the Skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945

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Target tug version. This was the last production version; 226 built.

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proved to be one of the most disappointing aircraft in RAF service.

3352:. Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. Archived from 1122:. R7439 was the sole aircraft to be equipped with this powerplant. 592:(113 kg) bombs on under-wing racks. The bombs were mounted on 361:, had been issued in advance of the first flight of the prototype. 3896: 1849: 1841: 1746: 1532: 1342: 1248: 1228: 1078: 1048:. On 30 April 1940, the first four RAAF Battles were delivered to 995: 922: 654: 625: 609: 557: 501: 468: 402:

aircraft were manufactured at Fairey's newly completed factory at

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Wreckage of a Battle shot down by the Wehrmacht, France, May 1940

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stressed-skin construction aircraft to be produced by the firm.

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The Hardest Victory: RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War

3704:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Hylton Lacey Publishers Ltd., 1968. 3505:, Vol. 20, No. 3, March 1981, pp. 127–134. ISSN 0306-5634. 3665:

Canada's National Aviation Museum: Its History and Collections

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biplanes. The Battle was powered by the same high-performance

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V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,030 hp (770 kW)

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all were metal-framed with fabric coverings, while the split

3777:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1998. 2986:"Hintlesham WW2 – Hintlesham & Chattisham War Memorials" 2793:

Danish military aviation in relation to the Second World War

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in 1940, but no such plane is known to have been completed.

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were awarded posthumously for the action, to Flying Officer

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mounted in the starboard wing for the pilot and a free .303

3377:"Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum Canada 150 Vignette" 1283:

received 366 aircraft which were used for training purposes

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Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum Canada 150 Project.

2772:(Military Aircraft in Poland 1924–1939). Warsaw: Bellona. 582:

The armament and crew of the aircraft were similar to the

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crashed into a hill during a solo night flying exercise.

1129:, underwent extensive modifications in order to test the 607:

attack, they were lowered below the surface of the wing.

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Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History

1104:, as well as the suitability of the individual engines. 182:

piston engine that powered various contemporary British

3486:

British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950

3263:"Airframe Dossier - FaireyBattle, s/n A22-Unknown RAAF" 2759:(surfcity.kund.dalnet) 2007. Retrieved: 20 August 2011. 1701:

to be trailing smoke. By the time the pair had reached

441:

A further 16 were built by Fairey for service with the

3767:

Royal Air Force 1939–1945: Volume I, The Fight at Odds

3719:. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 1998. 3623:(Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985. 1450:

Ziemi Wielkopolskiej im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego

201:

The Fairey Battle was used on operations early in the

3805:

Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present

3660:(in Italian). Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2006. No ISBN. 3012:. Shuttleworth Collection. Retrieved: 20 August 2011. 2152: 2150: 1796:. The aircraft was recovered from a tidal swamp near 977:

became inevitable. They were next offered to Turkey.

511:

which varied in dimension towards the wing tips; the

1017:(RCAF) received its first batch of eight Battles at 5270: 4968: 4875: 4333: 4256: 4161: 3935: 3841: 3606:. Koorlong, Victoria, Australia: John Lever, 2002. 3453:

The Fairey Battle: A Reassessment of its RAF Career

2082:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

2050:

1,000 lb (450 kg) of bombs internally or

1993:

5,000 ft (1,500 m) in 4 minutes 6 seconds

884:medium bombers. Battles were operated into 1941 by 304:monoplane wing and was equipped with a retractable 140: 132: 124: 116: 111: 103: 80: 72: 60: 52: 42: 37: 23: 3702:Royal Air Force Bombers of World War II (Volume 1) 1052:; on 29 June 1940, the first assembled aircraft, 715:to form a portion of the vanguard of the British 5298: Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes. 3320:"Airframe Dossier - FaireyBattle, s/n 1899 RCAF" 3023:"Photograph of house hit by Fairey Battle K9480" 2830: 2828: 2826: 1760:L5343/L5340 – Battle I on static display at the 719:, which was independent of the similarly-tasked 480:The Fairey Battle was a single-engine monoplane 162:. It was developed during the mid-1930s for the 2494:. 13 November 1941. p. 345. Archived from 2464:. 13 November 1941. p. 344. Archived from 2053:1,500 lb (680 kg) of bombs externally 3559:, Vol. 44, No. 6, June 2016. pp. 87–101. 2757:Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War 2732:Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War 2387:"Fairey Battle – Designed for Mass Production" 2368:(20). Royal Air Force Historical Society: 21. 695:or alternatively served as reserve squadrons. 4223: 3912: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 1803:R3950 – Battle TT.I on static display at the 1507:received 30 aircraft, including 1 Target Tug. 8: 3512:. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995. 2931: 2929: 2842: 2840: 2425: 2423: 1731:pilot and five civilians from one family in 1442:Ziemi Śląskiej im. Ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego 339:. The prototype was promptly transferred to 3874:Austin & Longbridge Aircraft Production 3645:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. 3553:Harrison, W. A. "Database: Fairey Battle". 3396:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2225: 2223: 2221: 1975:1,000 mi (1,600 km, 870 nmi) 1825:Full scale model under construction at the 1814:R7384 – Battle IT on static display at the 1419:Polish Air Forces on exile in Great Britain 711:were deployed to pre-selected airfields in 4230: 4216: 4208: 3919: 3905: 3897: 3865:Video of a Fairey Battle under restoration 3667:. Ottawa: National Aviation Museum, 1988. 3658:Aerei Militari: Bombardieri e da trasporto 3499:"Elegantly Obsolete...the Fairey Battle". 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2649: 2647: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2357:Parkhouse, Squadron Leader Rupert (1999). 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 1788:N2188 – Battle I under restoration at the 802:bridge, the German army quickly erected a 778:On 12 May, a formation of five Battles of 158:that was designed and manufactured by the 20: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 734:Initial wartime missions were to perform 3473:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. 3125:. Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum 2413: 2411: 1040:The Battle served as a trainer with the 3807:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. 3574:. Bedford, UK: SAM Publications, 2004. 3422:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 3093:"Memory of Polish airman is kept alive" 2146: 2130:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1144:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1946–47 3838: 3389: 1751:Battle R3950 under restoration at the 1044:(RAAF), which allocated it the prefix 1027:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan 817:A similar situation befell the German 476:Fairey Battles over France, circa 1940 235:which sought a two-seat single-engine 3818:Willis, David. "Battles for Power"]. 3174:"SAAM - Restoration of Fairey Battle" 1827:Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum 1477:received approximately 340 aircraft. 7: 3803:Taylor, John W. R. "Fairey Battle". 3620:Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft 2770:Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939 1720:of No. 12 Operational Training Unit 1253:Battles during construction at the 790:and air observer/navigator sergeant 3773:Shaile, Sidney and Ray Sturtivant. 1893:54 ft 0 in (16.46 m) 1887:42 ft 4 in (12.90 m) 1779:Michael Beetham Conservation Centre 1166:, acted as flying testbeds for the 2968:"ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 210172" 2922:ADF-Serials RAAF A22 Fairey Battle 1899:15 ft 6 in (4.72 m) 268:1932 Geneva Disarmament Conference 14: 3763:"Chapter V; Collapse in the West" 3628:British Warplanes of World War II 2584:, Royal Air Force, archived from 1905:422 sq ft (39.2 m) 1541:lined up in front of a Battle at 530:were entirely composed of metal. 250:bombers then in service with the 3879:"Designed for mass-production". 3859: 3847: 3350:Canada Aviation and Space Museum 3242:South Australian Aviation Museum 3208:South Australian Aviation Museum 3178:South Australian Aviation Museum 2728:"Sergente Maggiore Athos Tieghi" 2120:List of aircraft of World War II 1816:Canada Aviation and Space Museum 1790:South Australian Aviation Museum 1513: 1490: 1460: 1404: 1381: 1358: 1335: 1312: 1289: 1266: 949:air attacks on the airfields of 29: 5336:Single-engined tractor aircraft 5288:Aircraft of the Australian Army 4241:aircraft serial-number prefixes 3572:Fairey Battle, Aviation Guide 1 2359:"Taking the Battle into battle" 1987:925 ft/min (4.70 m/s) 1448:No. 305 Polish Bomber Squadron 1440:No. 304 Polish Bomber Squadron 1432:No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron 1424:No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron 717:RAF Advanced Air Striking Force 684:fighter by a matter of months. 599:and were normally released via 385:, conducted its maiden flight. 3730:Pacco, John. "Fairey Battle". 2393:, 19 August 1937, pp. 189–192. 1938:10,792 lb (4,895 kg) 1794:Port Adelaide, South Australia 1783:Royal Air Force Museum Cosford 1352:received four Battles in 1942. 1: 5316:1930s British bomber aircraft 3643:The British Bomber Since 1914 3290:"Fairey Battle R3950 Project" 3099:. Johnson Press. 6 March 2014 3097:Hucknall and Bulwell Dispatch 3073:. Midlands Air Crash Research 3003:"The History of Shuttleworth" 1981:25,000 ft (7,600 m) 1932:6,647 lb (3,015 kg) 1762:Royal Air Force Museum Hendon 1241:, in a camouflaged 'hide' at 1010:type as a training platform. 821:during the early days of the 758:Upon the commencement of the 16:Light bomber family by Fairey 5341:World War II British bombers 5321:Aircraft first flown in 1936 3488:. Midland Publishing, 2004. 1846:Fairey Battle 3-view drawing 1768:. In July 1940, it was with 1714:Richard Ormonde Shuttleworth 317:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft 4251:indicate prefixes not used. 3630:. London: Aerospace, 1998. 2974:. Flight Safety Foundation. 2834:Molson et al. 1988, p. 149. 2662:Richards 1953, pp. 116–118. 2605:Richards 1953, pp. 113–114. 904:, for coastal patrol work. 725:British Expeditionary Force 227:In April 1933, the British 211:Advanced Air Striking Force 154:is a British single-engine 5357: 3790:Fairey Aircraft since 1915 3663:Molson, Kenneth M. et al. 3455:. Stroud: Fonthill Media. 2726:Gustavsson, Håkan (2007), 2088:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.29 2028:.303 in (7.7 mm) 2018:.303 in (7.7 mm) 2016:1 × fixed, forward-firing 1862:Fairey Aircraft since 1915 1281:Royal Australian Air Force 1135:contra-rotating propellers 1042:Royal Australian Air Force 239:day bomber to replace the 93:Royal Australian Air Force 5296: 4246: 3858: 3846: 3749:. London: Coronet, 1995. 3604:Fairey Battle in the RAAF 3233:Daw, Nigel (1 May 2021). 2768:Morgała, Andrzej (2003): 2632:Richards 1995, pp. 59–60. 939:German invasion of Greece 850:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 553:Course Setting Bomb Sight 321:Bristol Aeroplane Company 258:was sought. According to 28: 4239:Australian Defence Force 3792:. London: Putnam, 1974. 3761:Denis, Richards (1953). 3510:Aircraft of World War II 3144:Simpson, Andrew (2014). 2903:. RAAF Museum Point Cook 1327:Royal Canadian Air Force 1015:Royal Canadian Air Force 306:tail wheel undercarriage 297:variable-pitch propeller 97:Royal Canadian Air Force 3888:"Building the Battle". 3426:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 2990:Hintlesham War Memorial 2614:Garcia 2001, pp. 67–68. 2417:Huntley, 2004, pp.36–39 2125:List of bomber aircraft 1872:General characteristics 1785:using parts from L5340. 1692:Accidents and incidents 1475:South African Air Force 1153:Liberty County, Georgia 914:South African Air Force 645:self-sealing fuel tanks 293:de Havilland Propellers 275:Fairey Aviation Company 160:Fairey Aviation Company 67:Fairey Aviation Company 4143:Ultra-light Helicopter 3153:Royal Air Force Museum 3123:Royal Air Force Museum 2671:Richards 1953, p. 120. 2623:Richards 1953, p. 115. 2320:Huntley, 2004, p.8, 12 1855: 1847: 1838:Specifications (Mk.II) 1756: 1546: 1505:Turkish Army Air Force 1329:received 739 aircraft. 1258: 1246: 1084: 1035:North American Harvard 1001: 868:Squadron in a raid on 699:Wartime bomber service 660: 631: 623: 579: 477: 398: 378: 4177:Avions Fairey Belfair 3715:Neulen, Hans Werner. 3700:Moyes, Philip, J. R. 3685:Moyes, Philip, J. R. 3678:Moyes, Philip, J. R. 3235:"Fairey Battle N2188" 3071:"Fairey Battle K9840" 2855:Moyes 1967, pp. 9–10. 2689:Richards 1995, p. 61. 2488:"Through German Eyes" 2458:"Through German Eyes" 2031:Vickers K machine gun 2026:1 × flexibly mounted 1946:Rolls-Royce Merlin II 1853: 1845: 1753:Royal Military Museum 1750: 1687:(operated 3 aircraft) 1536: 1398:received 12 aircraft. 1306:operated 16 aircraft. 1252: 1232: 1125:In 1939, one Battle, 1117:Wright R-1820 Cyclone 1082: 1000:Fairey Battle Trainer 999: 834:de Havilland Mosquito 771:that connects to the 736:aerial reconnaissance 658: 629: 620:Vickers K machine gun 613: 561: 543:Vickers K machine gun 492:frames and Z-section 472: 396: 372: 282:aeronautical engineer 233:Specification P.27/32 5278:Aircraft of the RAAF 4172:Avions Fairey Junior 4018:Long-range Monoplane 3508:Ethell, L. Jeffrey. 3451:Baughen, G. (2017). 3410:Taylor 1974, p. 283. 3300:on 23 September 2015 3184:on 28 September 2013 3146:"INDIVIDUAL HISTORY" 3008:4 April 2010 at the 2846:Moyes 1967, pp. 8–9. 2753:"Capitano Ugo Drago" 2698:Gifford 2004, p. 24. 2641:Moyes 1967, pp. 7–8. 2525:Moyes 1967, pp. 6–7. 2516:Moyes 1967, pp. 5–6. 2438:Taylor 1969, p. 358. 2429:Moyes 1967, pp. 4–5. 2329:Moyes 1967, pp. 3–4. 2229:Orbis 1985, p. 1693. 2203:Buttler 2004, p. 65. 2156:Ethell 1995, p. 177. 2021:Browning machine gun 1774:Kaldadarnes, Iceland 1677:No. 616 Squadron RAF 1672:No. 266 Squadron RAF 1667:No. 253 Squadron RAF 1662:No. 245 Squadron RAF 1657:No. 242 Squadron RAF 1652:No. 239 Squadron RAF 1647:No. 235 Squadron RAF 1642:No. 234 Squadron RAF 1637:No. 226 Squadron RAF 1632:No. 218 Squadron RAF 1627:No. 207 Squadron RAF 1622:No. 185 Squadron RAF 1617:No. 150 Squadron RAF 1612:No. 142 Squadron RAF 1607:No. 141 Squadron RAF 1602:No. 106 Squadron RAF 1597:No. 105 Squadron RAF 1592:No. 103 Squadron RAF 1137:and a large ventral 1111:, was re-engined by 1094:Fairey Prince (H-16) 1050:No. 1 Aircraft Depot 1013:In August 1939, the 744:Messerschmitt Bf 109 693:No. 6 Training Group 539:Browning machine gun 488:structure comprised 424:Austin Motor Company 341:RAF Martlesham Heath 295:-built three-bladed 289:Rolls-Royce Merlin I 192:Supermarine Spitfire 5283:Aircraft of the RAN 4103:Firefly (monoplane) 3936:Chronological order 3656:Matricardi, Paolo. 3356:on 23 December 2016 2957:Huntley, 2004, p.61 2948:Huntley, 2004, p.62 2901:"A22 Fairey Battle" 2890:Willis 2009, p. 60. 2780:, p.319 (in Polish) 2751:Gustavsson, Håkan. 2707:Moyes 1971, p. 115. 2680:March 1998, p. 105. 2562:Ministry of Defence 2557:88 Squadron history 2468:on 8 September 2018 2405:March 1981, p. 128. 2266:Moyes 1971, p. 120. 2238:Mason 1994, p. 285. 2215:March 1981, p. 127. 2065:Related development 1800:in South Australia. 1770:No. 98 Squadron RAF 1587:No. 98 Squadron RAF 1582:No. 88 Squadron RAF 1577:No. 63 Squadron RAF 1572:No. 52 Squadron RAF 1567:No. 40 Squadron RAF 1562:No. 35 Squadron RAF 1557:No. 15 Squadron RAF 1552:No. 12 Squadron RAF 1031:Bristol Bolingbroke 1019:RCAF Station Borden 838:Bristol Beaufighter 651:Operational history 496:which was built on 345:Woodbridge, Suffolk 38:General information 4974:Tri-Service series 3641:Mason, Francis K. 3346:"FAIREY BATTLE IT" 3326:. AerialVisuals.ca 3269:. AerialVisuals.ca 3214:on 5 December 2016 3045:"Our Lucky Escape" 3025:. Picture the Past 2972:Air Safety Network 2881:Moyes 1967, p. 10. 2716:Moyes 1968, p. 79. 2568:on 24 October 2008 2447:Boyne 1994, p. 52. 2286:Moyes 1967, p. 12. 1856: 1848: 1757: 1743:Surviving aircraft 1712:On 2 August 1940, 1547: 1426:Ziemi Mazowieckiej 1396:Hellenic Air Force 1259: 1247: 1182:Prototype (K4303). 1113:Fairchild Aircraft 1085: 1002: 882:Vickers Wellington 661: 632: 624: 580: 478: 399: 379: 180:Rolls-Royce Merlin 5331:Low-wing aircraft 5303: 5302: 4970:RAAF Series Three 4205: 4204: 3870: 3869: 3745:Richards, Denis. 3687:The Fairey Battle 3680:The Fairey Battle 3673:978-0-660-12001-0 3626:March, Daniel M. 3502:Air International 3469:Boyne, Walter J. 3462:978-1-78155-585-9 3420:Lednicer, David. 3119:"Fairey Battle 1" 3051:. 15 October 2014 2939:June 2016, p. 98. 2820:Moyes 1967, p. 9. 2796:, Rathbone Museum 2734:, Håkan Gustafson 2653:Moyes 1967, p. 8. 2581:RAF Timeline 1939 2545:Moyes 1967, p. 7. 2403:Air International 2347:Moyes 1967, p. 4. 2302:Moyes 1967, p. 6. 2252:Moyes 1967, p. 5. 2213:Air International 2194:Moyes 1967, p. 3. 2023:in starboard wing 1991:Time to altitude: 1866:The Fairey Battle 1831:Brandon, Manitoba 1755:, Brussels, 2006. 1304:Belgian Air Force 1179:Fairey Day Bomber 1069:Turkish Air Force 872:, and Nos 12 and 862:Operation Sealion 823:Battle of Britain 443:Belgian Air Force 264:Air International 170:successor to the 148: 147: 125:Introduction date 89:Belgian Air Force 5348: 4980: 4979: 4339: 4262: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4209: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3898: 3883:, 19 August 1937 3863: 3862: 3851: 3850: 3839: 3822:, January 2009. 3770: 3599: 3570:Huntley, Ian D. 3466: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3395: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3296:. Archived from 3294:bamf & bamrs 3288:Giltay, Pascal. 3285: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3210:. Archived from 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3180:. Archived from 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3049:WW2 People's War 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3019: 3013: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2933: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2835: 2832: 2821: 2818: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2787: 2781: 2766: 2760: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2588:on 3 August 2008 2576: 2570: 2569: 2564:, archived from 2552: 2546: 2543: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2498:on 10 March 2014 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2418: 2415: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2363: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2303: 2300: 2287: 2284: 2267: 2264: 2253: 2250: 2239: 2236: 2230: 2227: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2157: 2154: 2093:Mitsubishi Ki-30 2001: 1979:Service ceiling: 1962: 1874: 1698:264 Squadron RAF 1539:No. 103 Squadron 1519: 1517: 1516: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1481:11 Squadron SAAF 1466: 1464: 1463: 1434:Ziemi Pomorskiej 1410: 1408: 1407: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1350:Indian Air Force 1341: 1339: 1338: 1318: 1316: 1315: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1239:No. 142 Squadron 1102:Fairey Spearfish 982:Danish Air Force 894:Northern Ireland 784:Victoria Crosses 760:Battle of France 682:Hawker Hurricane 641:armoured cockpit 584:Bristol Blenheim 474:218 Squadron RAF 459:trainer aircraft 422:operated by the 203:Second World War 188:Hawker Hurricane 33: 21: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5326:Fairey aircraft 5306: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5292: 5266: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4964: 4871: 4337: 4336: 4335:RAAF Series Two 4329: 4260: 4259: 4258:RAAF Series One 4252: 4242: 4236: 4206: 4201: 4157: 3931: 3925: 3860: 3848: 3842:External videos 3837: 3832: 3775:The Battle File 3760: 3585: 3484:Buttler, Tony. 3463: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3388: 3381: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3010:Wayback Machine 3001: 2997: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2824: 2819: 2808: 2799: 2797: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2767: 2763: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2735: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2421: 2416: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2385: 2381: 2361: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2306: 2301: 2290: 2285: 2270: 2265: 2256: 2251: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2160: 2155: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2062: 2043: 2033:in rear cockpit 2009: 2002: 1997: 1958: 1870: 1840: 1820:Ottawa, Ontario 1745: 1737:Nottinghamshire 1694: 1681: 1528:Royal Air Force 1514: 1512: 1491: 1489: 1461: 1459: 1405: 1403: 1382: 1380: 1373:Irish Air Corps 1359: 1357: 1336: 1334: 1313: 1311: 1290: 1288: 1267: 1265: 1227: 1176: 1149:Wright Airfield 1141:. According to 1090:Rolls-Royce Exe 1077: 994: 986:German invasion 931: 910: 806:to replace it. 701: 670:No. 63 Squadron 666: 653: 572:No. 63 Squadron 562:Fairey Battle, 467: 367: 313:Hawker Aircraft 252:Royal Air Force 225: 220: 164:Royal Air Force 99: 95: 91: 85:Royal Air Force 53:National origin 17: 12: 11: 5: 5354: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5308: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4254: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4237: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4168: 4166: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3916: 3909: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892:, 17 June 1937 3885: 3876: 3868: 3867: 3856: 3855: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3835:External links 3833: 3831: 3830: 3816: 3801: 3788:Taylor, H. R. 3786: 3771: 3758: 3743: 3728: 3713: 3698: 3683: 3676: 3661: 3654: 3639: 3624: 3615: 3600: 3590:(109): 18–25. 3588:Air Enthusiast 3583: 3568: 3551: 3541:Air Enthusiast 3537: 3526:Air Enthusiast 3521: 3506: 3497: 3482: 3471:Clash of Wings 3467: 3461: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3412: 3403: 3367: 3337: 3324:Aerial Visuals 3311: 3280: 3267:Aerial Visuals 3254: 3225: 3204:"Restorations" 3195: 3165: 3136: 3110: 3084: 3062: 3036: 3014: 2995: 2977: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2925: 2914: 2892: 2883: 2857: 2848: 2836: 2822: 2806: 2782: 2761: 2744: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2571: 2547: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2479: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2419: 2407: 2395: 2379: 2349: 2331: 2322: 2304: 2288: 2268: 2254: 2240: 2231: 2217: 2205: 2196: 2158: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2103:Kawasaki Ki-32 2100: 2095: 2090: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2024: 2011: 2010: 1995: 1994: 1988: 1985:Rate of climb: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1967:Maximum speed: 1956: 1955: 1949: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1823: 1812: 1801: 1786: 1744: 1741: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1531: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1521:United Kingdom 1509: 1508: 1501: 1500: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1471: 1470: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1445: 1437: 1429: 1415: 1414: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1377: 1376: 1369: 1368: 1354: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1322: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1299: 1285: 1284: 1277: 1276: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1217:Battle TT.Mk I 1215: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1189:respectively). 1186: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1158:Two aircraft, 1131:Fairey Monarch 1076: 1075:Engine testbed 1073: 1061:Western Desert 993: 990: 975:fall of Poland 930: 927: 909: 906: 846:Hawker Typhoon 804:pontoon bridge 788:Donald Garland 740:Siegfried Line 700: 697: 678:Cambridgeshire 668:In June 1937, 665: 662: 652: 649: 622:, France, 1940 548:prone position 466: 463: 428:Cofton Hackett 420:shadow factory 366: 363: 285:Marcel Lobelle 224: 221: 219: 216: 205:. During the " 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 87: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 64: 58: 57: 56:United Kingdom 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5353: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 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3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3651:0-85177-861-5 3648: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3636:1-874023-92-1 3633: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3613: 3612:1-876709-07-3 3609: 3605: 3602:Lever, John. 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3581: 3580:0-9533465-9-5 3577: 3573: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3518:0-00-470849-0 3515: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3494:1-85780-179-2 3491: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3479:0-684-83915-6 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3399: 3393: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3137: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2973: 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Retrieved 3425: 3415: 3406: 3380:. Retrieved 3370: 3358:. Retrieved 3354:the original 3349: 3340: 3328:. Retrieved 3323: 3314: 3302:. Retrieved 3298:the original 3293: 3283: 3271:. Retrieved 3266: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3241: 3228: 3216:. Retrieved 3212:the original 3207: 3198: 3186:. Retrieved 3182:the original 3177: 3168: 3156:. Retrieved 3152: 3139: 3127:. Retrieved 3122: 3113: 3101:. Retrieved 3096: 3087: 3075:. Retrieved 3065: 3053:. Retrieved 3048: 3039: 3027:. Retrieved 3017: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2936: 2917: 2905:. Retrieved 2895: 2886: 2851: 2798:, retrieved 2792: 2785: 2769: 2764: 2756: 2747: 2736:, retrieved 2731: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2590:, retrieved 2586:the original 2580: 2574: 2566:the original 2556: 2550: 2521: 2512: 2500:. Retrieved 2496:the original 2491: 2482: 2470:. Retrieved 2466:the original 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2382: 2365: 2352: 2325: 2234: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2113: 2112: 2081: 2080: 2064: 2063: 2040: 2006: 1998: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1957: 1951: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1726: 1717: 1711: 1695: 1543:Betheniville 1537:Officers of 1468:South Africa 1449: 1441: 1433: 1425: 1260: 1243:Berry-au-Bac 1234: 1208:unavailable. 1168:Napier Sabre 1163: 1159: 1157: 1142: 1126: 1124: 1108: 1106: 1086: 1058: 1053: 1045: 1039: 1012: 1003: 992:Trainer role 979: 963: 946: 932: 911: 866:301 (Polish) 854: 842:Douglas A-20 829: 818: 816: 808: 798: 777: 769:Albert Canal 763: 757: 751: 733: 702: 686: 667: 664:Introduction 637: 633: 605:dive bombing 581: 567: 563: 532: 506: 482:light bomber 479: 452: 440: 435: 400: 386: 382: 380: 358: 352: 349: 324: 310: 272: 262:publication 229:Air Ministry 226: 200: 186:such as the 156:light bomber 151: 149: 133:First flight 117:Manufactured 104:Number built 62:Manufacturer 47:Light bomber 18: 4023:Firefly IIM 3963:Hamble Baby 3360:19 December 3330:19 December 3304:19 December 3273:19 December 3218:19 December 3188:19 December 3158:19 December 3129:19 December 2502:8 September 2472:8 September 2108:Sukhoi Su-2 1960:Performance 1952:Propellers: 1942:Powerplant: 1772:, based at 1185:Battle Mk I 1065:East Africa 984:before the 908:East Africa 898:98 Squadron 858:No. 1 Group 825:, when the 792:Thomas Gray 780:12 Squadron 773:Meuse River 729:Ruhr valley 689:No. 2 Group 672:, based at 603:; during a 455:target tugs 416:RAF Ringway 241:Hawker Hart 218:Development 172:Hawker Hart 166:(RAF) as a 5310:Categories 4877:RAN Series 4153:Gannet AEW 3983:Flycatcher 2136:References 1903:Wing area: 1798:Port Pirie 1722:RAF Benson 1703:Hintlesham 1233:A Battle, 1204:Battle IIT 1007:gun turret 919:Fiat CR.32 794:of Battle 705:Phoney War 674:RAF Upwood 616:air gunner 601:trap doors 576:RAF Benson 447:camouflage 432:Longbridge 365:Production 302:cantilever 207:Phoney War 4197:Tipsy S.2 4108:Spearfish 4098:Barracuda 4063:Swordfish 4028:Fleetwing 4013:Firefly I 4008:Kangourou 3993:Fremantle 3828:0262-6950 3596:0143-5450 3565:0143-7240 3556:Aeroplane 3549:0143-5450 3535:0143-5450 2937:Aeroplane 2935:Harrison 2738:20 August 2374:1361-4231 2141:Citations 1925:NACA 2409 1918:NACA 2418 1891:Wingspan: 1859:Data from 1274:Australia 1225:Operators 1211:Battle TT 1198:Battle IT 973:when the 967:Constanta 957:north of 947:Luftwaffe 819:Luftwaffe 764:Luftwaffe 752:Luftwaffe 709:squadrons 594:hydraulic 517:elevators 494:stringers 486:monocoque 408:Stockport 354:Luftwaffe 337:Middlesex 260:aerospace 237:monoplane 168:monoplane 128:June 1937 120:1937–1940 4707:A68 (II) 4165:aircraft 4148:Rotodyne 4113:Gyrodyne 4088:Albacore 3968:Campania 3930:aircraft 3431:16 April 3392:cite web 3247:21 April 3103:16 April 3077:16 April 3055:16 April 3029:16 April 3006:Archived 2907:27 April 2800:2 August 2060:See also 1999:Armament 1954:3-bladed 1809:Brussels 1733:Hucknall 1545:, France 1245:, France 1192:Battle T 1174:Variants 1139:radiator 971:Istanbul 876:bombing 870:Boulogne 513:ailerons 412:Cheshire 377:, France 184:fighters 5182:A40/N40 5092:A22/N22 5067:A17/N17 4978:present 4702:A68 (I) 4338:1935–63 4261:1921–34 4249:Italics 4192:Tipsy M 4182:Tipsy B 4138:Delta 2 4128:Delta 1 4068:Fantôme 3978:Pintail 3820:FlyPast 3382:9 March 2592:24 July 2391:Flight 2366:Journal 1910:Airfoil 1897:Height: 1885:Length: 1781:of the 1366:Ireland 1297:Belgium 1257:factory 1115:with a 1023:Ontario 951:Tanagra 935:Italian 902:Iceland 738:of the 279:Belgian 248:biplane 231:issued 223:Origins 141:Retired 112:History 76:Retired 4123:Gannet 4118:Primer 4093:Fulmar 4083:P.4/34 4078:Seafox 4073:Battle 4058:G.4/31 4048:S.9/30 4038:Gordon 4033:Hendon 3998:Ferret 3928:Fairey 3890:Flight 3881:Flight 3826: 3811: 3796: 3781: 3753: 3738: 3723: 3708: 3693: 3671: 3649: 3634: 3610: 3594: 3578: 3563: 3547: 3533: 3516: 3492: 3477: 3459: 2776: 2492:Flight 2462:Flight 2372: 2041:Bombs: 1973:Range: 1766:London 1729:Polish 1518: 1498:Turkey 1495: 1465: 1412:Poland 1409: 1389:Greece 1386: 1363: 1340: 1320:Canada 1317: 1294: 1271: 959:Athens 929:Greece 878:Calais 796:serial 748:Aachen 713:France 521:rudder 465:Design 359:Battle 319:, and 73:Status 24:Battle 5271:Lists 4976:1964– 4053:TSR.1 3238:(PDF) 3149:(PDF) 2362:(PDF) 2007:Guns: 1915:root: 1879:Crew: 1718:L4971 1343:India 1237:, of 1235:K9204 1164:L5286 1160:K9270 1127:K9370 1109:R7439 1054:P5239 955:Tatoi 923:CR.42 830:Stuka 812:Sedan 799:P2204 723:-led 597:jacks 589:bombs 570:, of 564:K7650 528:flaps 509:spars 502:alloy 436:L4935 387:K7558 383:K7558 375:Reims 333:Hayes 325:K4303 256:Paris 107:2,201 4867:A100 4043:Seal 3988:Fawn 3958:N.10 3824:ISSN 3809:ISBN 3794:ISBN 3779:ISBN 3751:ISBN 3736:ISBN 3721:ISBN 3706:ISBN 3691:ISBN 3669:ISBN 3647:ISBN 3632:ISBN 3618:The 3608:ISBN 3592:ISSN 3576:ISBN 3561:ISSN 3545:ISSN 3531:ISSN 3514:ISBN 3490:ISBN 3475:ISBN 3457:ISBN 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