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243:. The O&A was under construction in Fairfax County in 1850. By October 1851, 28 miles of the railroad had been completed, taking it all the way through Fairfax County. The O&A reported freight revenue originating at Fairfax Station in 1851. The awarding of mail contracts in 1852 provides the strongest evidence of a station building having been constructed by that time. The U.S. Post Office Department established post offices at Fairfax Station and nearby
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93:
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old building had deteriorated badly, making reconstitution impossible. With assistance from
Fairfax County and contributions of the local business community, a replica of the old structure was built, incorporating roughly 20 percent of the original building. High school students from a Fairfax County vocational program completed most of the construction work.
353:
Southern
Railway Co. about the possibility of donating the depot to a local non-profit for the purpose of preserving and operating it as a museum. The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors supported the concept. Local landowners contributed property to meet Southern's condition that the depot be moved to a nearby site. Southern Railway's president,
276:. Clara Barton was among the civilian volunteers aiding the effort. The depot was abandoned and destroyed on Sept. 2, 1862, as the fortunes of battle turned against Federal forces. Units returned by the end of the month and began rebuilding capacity but it would be years before another station building was constructed.
84:
259:
The environment around
Fairfax Station changed dramatically with the advent of the Civil War. O&A facilities in Alexandria were seized by Federal troops in the early stages of the conflict. Both Federal and Confederate forces focused on controlling or disrupting the rail line due to its strategic
431:
A restored baggage cart used at the station a century ago is on display. Such carts were common at large stations and small depots during the heyday of
American railroads. The one on display is believed to be the same cart visible in the background of a scene in "The Road to Happiness" – a 1924 film
373:
The
Friends dismantled the station, storing the pieces on the donated property while pursuing approval from local jurisdictions to rebuild and operate it as a museum. The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved a permit for the future museum on July 11, 1983. By then, however, the pieces of the
326:
Southern launched a rebuilding project in 1903 that included all of the original O&A roadbeds. A key element of the rebuild was adding a second track that would allow traffic in both directions. Southern's project required moving the station slightly south. Rather than build a new structure, the
250:
Fairfax
Station was constructed to service the town of Providence – the county seat now known as the City of Fairfax. The building was described by soldiers in 1862 as a modest, two-storied building. It included office space and possibly a residence for the station master. A survey published in May
1147:
A Guide to The Road to
Happiness Collection, 1924-2011, Record Group Number MSS 14-01, Fairfax County Public Library, City of Fairfax Regional Library, Virginia Room. A version of the motion picture restored by the City of Fairfax with narratives about the locations and individuals used throughout
305:
in 1889. Traffic along the route increased during this period, particularly for freight, despite financial problems. The R&D completed a new station with combined freight and passenger services in 1891. To accommodate its larger size, it was located on the north side of the tracks opposite the
427:
The expansion of telegraph networks in the United States paralleled the growth of railroads. It is uncertain when the telegraph arrived in
Fairfax Station but the station was an important communications center during the Civil War. Telegraph service remained active until the station was no longer
348:
Fairfax
Station declined as a viable railroad stop from the 1930s until 1969 when the railroad ceased using it for operations. Cargo deliveries were of importance to the immediate area but it no longer was useful for Southern Railway. Stations in other parts of Fairfax County had been demolished,
352:
A group of local residents, with the particularly strong participation of the
Clifton Community Woman's Club (CCWC), organized the Friends of the Fairfax Station in 1973 to save what had been the center of their community. In February 1975, local resident and CCWC member Lena Wyckoff approached
292:
Area residents made do without a proper station for several years after the end of the Civil War. A new building at Fairfax Station was a low priority for the O&A following the Civil War. The company focused instead on rebuilding and consolidating with other regional railroads, becoming the
923:
Southern Railway, Report to the Interstate Commerce Commission, Valuation Division, April 21, 1917 (courtesy of the Southern Railway Historical Association). The 1917 report including drawings and descriptions of the architectural features of the station that correspond with photographs of the
322:
The Southern Railway Co. absorbed the R&D and other regional railroads in 1894. Southern became the dominant railroad throughout the region due to its size and control of key routes. However, the company inherited lines that did not meet the growing needs of a company its size.
423:
Several items used by Southern Railway are on display, including a whistle board used near Fairfax Station and a conductor's flag box dating back to the early 1900s. A manual switch lantern used in the area by Southern is one of a large collection of lanterns at the museum.
519:
The museum has held special exhibits over the years on such topics as railroad technology and local inventors. Special events have included historical re-enactments. Student organized events and activities have been held in cooperation with local public high schools.
1067:, April 9, 1981, p. Va. 10-11; file memorandum, Richard P. Robertson, Fairfax County Project Management Division, May 12, 1977; letter from L.S. Crane, Southern Railway Co., to John Herrity, Chairman, Board of Supervisors, September 15, 1977 (museum archives).
515:
The museum partners with area model train organizations for regular displays. Different scale models and styles can be viewed at various times throughout the year. The museum has permanent HO and N scale layouts representing the local area.
198:. The purpose of the Friends is to maintain the former station as a museum with a focus on local history, the significance of railroads in the region, and the role of the station during the American Civil War. It opened in April 1988.
201:
Three buildings were constructed at the location that would become known as Fairfax Station in 1852, 1873, and 1891. The third was relocated in the early 1900s to accommodate the reconstruction of the entire line by then-owner
293:
Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Gap Railroad Co. (OA&M). Local newspapers reported the opening of a new facility at Fairfax Station in January 1873. The new building was near or at the location of the 1852 structure.
263:
The agrarian quality of life around the station changed quickly as the station was converted to a communications post and field hospital. Federal forces used the station to evacuate wounded soldiers during the battles of
983:
Southern Railway, Report to the Interstate Commerce Commission, Valuation Division, April 21, 1917; Letter, A.S. Eggerton, Jr. Southern Railway Co., to Sally Lyons, Friends of the Fairfax Station, April 22, 1982 (museum
698:(Fairfax Station, VA: Friends of the Fairfax Station, 1995), OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 34109508, p. 20 (quoting J.H. Reed, clerk, Report of a Meeting of Orange and Alexandria Railroad Stockholders, December 1849).
1050:, April 9, 1981, p. Va. 10-11; letter from B. Mark Fried to John Herrity, Dec. 1, 1976; letter from John Herrity, Board of Supervisors, to Vonne Enger, Clifton Community Women's Club, Dec. 27, 1976 (museum archives).
1225:(Fairfax Station, Clifton and Lorton edition), September 7-13, 2017, p. 3; Gregg MacDonald, “Railroad museum on track to anniversary; History abounds in old Fairfax Station depot, even if few people know about it,”
377:
The Friends held a ground-breaking ceremony in 1983. The building was dedicated in October 1987. Once the finishing touches were completed, the doors for the new museum opened in April 1988 to its first visitors.
849:(Philadelphia : G.M. Hopkins, 1878), Lee District, p. 72. The atlas shows the station as being on the south side of the tracks, very near the location of the original 1852 building if not on the same spot.
1076:
Ethel Wilcox Register, CMC, Clerk to the Board of Supervisors, to Fred Bruney, President, Friends of the Fairfax Station, Re: Special Exception Number SE-83-S-058, July 13, 1983; Netherton and Netherton,
344:
A volunteer photo shows the foundation and walls of the future museum. Trailers in the background were used to hold student classes on site while they constructed the building as part of their curriculum.
523:
In 2012, the museum held a special, ten-day exhibit in conjunction with the Civil War Sesquicentennial that commemorated the events of August-September 1862 at Fairfax Station. The Fairfax City Museum,
1251:
491:. Volunteers were recruited for its installation on the grounds. It was repainted with a Southern Railway logo a decade later. It is the only example of rolling stock on the museum grounds.
313:“New Depot” denotes the final location for the 1891 building. Road petition, Southern Railway Co., RR-336, September 1903. Fairfax County (Virginia) Circuit Court, Historic Records Center.
548:
Clara Barton bodice loaned from the Clara Barton National Historic Site to the Fairfax Station Railroad Museum for use during the 2012 Civil War Sesquicentennial, August-September, 2012.
507:
Several displays and interpretive signs illustrate life in a typical county depot. Among those items are the mailboxes salvaged from the old post office in Fairfax Station.
819:
Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, Virginia Board of Public Works (BPW); Orange and Alexandria Railroad Company records, 1836-1885; BPW 140, 30030, Box 234 1074601.
1252:
https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/history-commission/sites/history-commission/files/assets/documents/civilwarsesqicentennial/footsteps_to_fairfax_trail_directions.pdf
406:
223:
The depot is one of the cluster of buildings along the Orange & Alexandria Railroad at Fairfax Station in this detail from an 1862 map. Library of Congress,
119:
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used for railroad business in 1969. A functioning telegraph is on display, allowing visitors to "pound brass" as real telegraph operators did years before.
273:
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existing building constructed by the R&D just over a decade before was relocated. This was the final location for the building as an active facility.
468:'s March 1863 raid on Fairfax Courthouse and the march of a relief wagon train to Fairfax Station later that year. The commander of the wagon train,
279:
866:(Washington, DC: Southern Railway Company, 1901), "Part III: The Richmond and Danville System," pp. 77ff, OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 12318540.
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The museum owns a range of railroad tools and equipment. Volunteer docents demonstrate the use of many of them to visitors during open hours.
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761:
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United States Corps Of Topographical Engineers, Irvin McDowell, and J Schedler. Map of n. eastern Virginia and vicinity of Washington. Map.
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The railroad underwent a series of mergers, ownership changes, and restructurings during the next fifteen years until it became part of the
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457:
437:
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309:
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Orange and Alexandria Railroad freight by station, 1851. Fairfax County Public Library, City of Fairfax Regional Library, Virginia Room.
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235:(O&A). The O&A was chartered in 1848 to run from the port city of Alexandria, Virginia, through Virginia's central farmlands to
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The museum displays numerous artifacts relating to the development of railroads in the area as well as specific historical events.
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in 1862. An estimated 3,500 soldiers, perhaps hundreds more, made their way to the station where they were treated and returned to
1280:
1254:; Victoria Ross, “Remembering Their Sacrifice – Fairfax Station Railroad Museum Commemorates First Mass Civil War Evacuation,”
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1165:(Harrisburg, PA: Singerly, State Printer, 1871), pp. 559-577, OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 839032136; Nancy S. Sheed, ed.,
1033:, p. 310-311; Notes, Files of Wayne Nickham (former president, Friends of the Fairfax Station), circa 1978 (museum archives).
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464:. Modern vintage prints illustrate many of the major clashes, skirmishes, and raids at and around Fairfax Station, including
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1169:(Latrobe, PA: Huntingdon County Historical Society, 1988), Library of Congress Catalog Number: 88-81791; ASIN: B002IBHGVU.
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227:. Corps of Topographical Engineers McDowell, Irvin, 1818-1885; Schedler, J. (Joseph), Washington, D.C.? : s.n., 1862.
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1862 shows several buildings clustered on the south side of the O&A tracks. One of them presumably was the station.
112:
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Other relics from the O&A include links and pins used locally to couple freight and passenger cars. An authentic
1178:
Record and Pension Office, War Department, Washington, DC, May 20, 1895, Medal of Honor citation; National Archives.
559:
Civil War Trails (commemorating Clara Barton's activities as part of the 1862 evacuation effort at Fairfax Station).
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Although the exact date is unknown, the first station probably was constructed no later than 1852 as a stop on the
1200:
Norfolk & Western Railway, NW 518606 service record (courtesy of The Norfolk and Western Historical Society,
187:
529:
191:
460:– a unit organized specifically to defend the railroads in northern Virginia – and a guard duty report of the
694:(Fairfax, VA: History of the City of Fairfax Round Table, 1997); Nan Netherton and Whiteny Von Lake Wyckoff,
562:
National Wildlife Federation (the museum's five-acre grounds are designated as a Certified Wildlife Habitat).
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640:
240:
203:
690:
Nan Netherton, “The Town of Providence at the New Courthouse 1800-1860,” p. 16, in Nan Netherton, et al.,
440:. The production was filmed mainly in Fairfax County with several scenes taking place at Fairfax Station.
236:
195:
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In 1993, the Norfolk Southern Foundation donated a caboose to the museum that was used originally by the
626:(Lynchburg, VA: J.P. Bell & Co., Printers, 1881), pp. 6-8, OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 60728100.
886:(New York: Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1894), Vol. 27, p. 749; “Local Brevities,”
624:
Legal History of the Virginia Midland Railway Co. and of the Companies Which Built its Lines of Road
970:, Feb. 11, 1903, p. 3, Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress. <
924:
building in later years. The company placed the station's age at 25 to 30 years in the 1917 report.
269:
1094:, Apr. 11, 1983, pg. WB-24; Susan Feeney and Valerie Light, “Fairfax Station Restoration Begins,”
639:, May 20, 1851, p. 3; Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress. <
565:
The museum has participated in the Northern Virginia Geocaching Organization (NoVA-GO) since 2015.
349:
moved or repurposed for non-railroad uses. Fairfax Station seemed likely to meet a similar fate.
306:
1873 site. It was this building that ultimately served as the model for the present day museum.
357:, formally agreed to the transfer of ownership of the station to the Friends on Sept. 15, 1977.
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http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2013/oct/11/railroad-museum-becomes-wildlife-habitat/
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D'Vera Cohn, “Fairfax Station: Woodsy, Expensive; Fairfax Station Enjoys a Sense of History,”
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962:
John W. Ash, "Double-Track Work on the Southern Railway Between Alexandria And Orange, VA,"
711:(Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1882), p. 15, OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 464265270.
417:
1312:
92:
775:, Sept. 1, 1862, p. 2; Letter from Clara Barton to John Shaver, in Stephen W, Sears, ed.,
265:
244:
864:
A History of the Legal Development of the Railroad System of the Southern Railway Company
847:
Atlas of Fifteen Miles Around Washington, Including the County of Prince George, Maryland
1126:, p. 311. The ceremony anticipated in the April article took place on November 11, 1983.
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in Virginia – and the United States – from simple strap rail through U-rail to T-rail.
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194:. It is owned and operated by the Friends of the Fairfax Station, an all-volunteer,
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882:(New York: Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1893), Vol. 26, p. 555;
40:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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The museum participates in several national and community programs, including:
1292:
1149:
657:
Annual Report of the Board of Public Works to the General Assembly of Virginia
134:
121:
1258:(Fairfax Station, Clifton and Lorton edition), August 23-29, 2012 pp. 1, 4.
966:, LIII, No. 9 (March 2, 1905), p. 213; "Improvements on Southern Railway,"
878:(Astor Place, NY: J.J. Little & Co., 1892), Vol. 25, pp. 517-518, 529;
808:
365:
1029:, Virginia Weekly, April 9, 1981, p. Va. 10-11; Netherton and Netherton,
972:
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025007/1903-02-11/ed-1/seq-3/
641:
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025007/1851-05-20/ed-1/seq-3/
756:(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2017), pp. 68, 238-239;
479:
On long-term loan is a sketch of Fairfax Station as it was in 1863-64.
935:
Southern Railway System: A History of the Premier Carrier of the South
749:
737:(Centreville, VA: Bull Run Civil War Roundtable, 2015), pp. 77, 286;
721:
556:
National Park Service's Traveling Clara Barton Junior Ranger program.
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cooperated with the Fairfax Station Railroad Museum for this event.
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Map of n. eastern Virginia and vicinity of Washington, United States
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218:
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The Military Telegraph During the Civil War in the United States
170:
1307:
1204:); Pony Horton, “Volunteers Help Caboose Make Final Journey,”
186:) is a depot museum located in the census-designated place of
18:
476:
for his defense of the supply train against Mosby's Raiders.
1187:“Civil War Sketch Loan to Fairfax Station Railroad Museum,”
937:(North Augusta, SC: Union Station Publishing, 2010), p. 18,
589:, 8th Edition (Waukesha: Kalmbach Publishers, 2021), p. 85.
405:
Sections of railroad tracks from the O&A and the former
803:(Milwaukee, WS: Wright & Joys Co., 1901), pp. 129-134,
1009:(Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2002), p. 310;
777:
The Civil War: The Second Year Told by Those Who Lived It
1201:
1007:
The Preservation of History in Fairfax County, Virginia
754:
Civil War Logistics: A Study of Military Transportation
456:
Among the Civil War artifacts are a muster list of the
655:, May 20, 1851, p. 2; Virginia Board of Public Works,
33:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
1238:
Steve Hibbard, “Railroad in Burke Past and Present,”
735:
Chronology of the Civil War in Fairfax County, Part I
779:(New York: Library of America, 2012), pp. 413-415;
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Friends of the Fairfax Station, Form-990-EZ (2020);
1098:, Nov. 10, 1983; p. VA-5; Netherton and Netherton,
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158:
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111:
103:
1163:History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, Vol. 5
860:Legal History of the Virginia Midland Railway Co.
692:Fairfax, Virginia: A City Traveling Through Time
447:202nd Pennsylvania Regiment Co. C muster roll 01
288:Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Gap RR Co.: 1873
1025:Marilyn Harris, "The Rebirth of a Rail Depot,"
436:, Ford Motor Co., Highway Education Board, and
407:Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad
303:Richmond & Danville Railroad Co. (R&D)
472:, then a lieutenant colonel, was awarded the
206:. The museum is a replica of this structure.
8:
76:
1293:https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC5QA9K
1221:"Model Trains Teach History, Life Skills,"
1150:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZnuo0ZftAc
274:hospitals in Alexandria and Washington City
1063:, pp. 310-311; Marilyn Harris, “Rebirth,”
1046:, pp. 310-311; Marilyn Harris, “Rebirth,”
968:Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser
888:Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser
834:Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser
637:Alexandria Gazette and Virginia Advertiser
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82:
75:
1189:Fairfax Station/Clifton/Lorton Connection
1100:Preservation of History in Fairfax County
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
832:, Jan. 17, 1873, p. 3; "Virginia News,"
543:
1242:, September 27 - October 3, 2018, p. 3.
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438:National Automobile Chamber of Commerce
247:, another O&A stop, in April 1852.
1267:MacDonald, “Railroad museum on track.”
1090:“Old Fairfax Station Being Restored,”
1208:, January 6, 1994, p. A2, Netherton,
1167:Civil War Sketchbook; Civil War Diary
801:Reminiscences of General Herman Haupt
534:National Museum of Civil War Medicine
458:202nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
420:acquired in 2021 also is on display.
7:
1333:Museums in Fairfax County, Virginia
526:Clara Barton National Historic Site
369:The near-finished building in 1987.
260:position through central Virginia.
862:, pp. 156-168; Harrison, Fairfax,
722:https://www.loc.gov/item/91685686/
14:
196:501(c)(3) non-profit organization
233:Orange & Alexandria Railroad
44:. Please discuss further on the
23:
1318:The Historical Marker Database
659:, Doc. No. XVIII (1851), p. iv.
401:Tracks on display at the museum
180:Fairfax Station Railroad Museum
77:Fairfax Station Railroad Museum
1191:, February 13-19, 2020, p. 10.
462:15th Vermont Infantry Regiment
154:Community/local history museum
1:
297:Richmond & Danville: 1891
135:38.800656000°N 77.331813000°W
1338:Railroad museums in Virginia
283:Fairfax Station, circa 1863.
171:https://fairfax-station.org/
1136:The Preservation of History
1122:; Netherton and Netherton,
140:38.800656000; -77.331813000
1354:
845:Griffith M. Hopkins, Jr.,
828:"Better Late Than Never,"
1295:. Accessed March 4, 2023.
1283:, accessed March 4, 2023.
1279:, Friday, Oct. 11, 2013,
1229:, Nov. 19, 2009, p. T-28.
1059:Netherton and Netherton,
1042:Netherton and Netherton,
836:, January 20, 1873, p. 2.
540:Programs and affiliations
215:The O&A Station: 1852
107:1987 (Building Dedicated)
99:
90:
81:
1005:Ross and Nan Netherton,
951:Southern Railway Company
933:Albert M. Langley, Jr.,
587:Tourist Trains Guidebook
585:Staff and Contributors,
530:National Building Museum
192:Fairfax County, Virginia
1308:Fairfax Station Website
1124:Preservation of History
1118:“Old Fairfax Station,”
1079:Preservation of History
1061:Preservation of History
1044:Preservation of History
1031:Preservation of History
681:, April 10, 1852, p. 3.
489:Norfolk Western Railway
902:, Jan. 23, 1891, p. 3.
890:, June 15, 1888, p. 3.
622:Charles M. Blackford,
613:, Feb 13, 1988, p. E1.
549:
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434:Bureau of Public Roads
409:show the evolution of
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382:Exhibits and artifacts
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318:Southern Railway: 1903
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1202:https://www.nwhs.org/
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470:Richard N. Batchelder
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42:neutral point of view
1313:FSRM Youtube Channel
914:, May 3, 1889, p. 3.
418:link and pin coupler
1227:The Washington Post
1120:The Washington Post
1096:The Washington Post
1092:The Washington Post
1065:The Washington Post
1048:The Washington Post
1027:The Washington Post
884:Poor's Manual, 1894
880:Poor's Manual, 1893
876:Poor's Manual, 1892
830:Fairfax County News
611:The Washington Post
503:Model train display
452:Civil War artifacts
204:Southern Railway Co
131: /
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1210:Preserving History
773:Alexandria Gazette
733:Edward T. Wenzel,
679:Alexandria Gazette
653:Alexandria Gazette
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390:Railroad artifacts
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1206:The Fairfax Times
1161:Samuel P. Bates,
1148:can be viewed at
762:978-0-8071-6750-2
743:978-1-4791-3356-7
707:William R. Plum,
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