629:
spacecraft into a slowly spinning, safe-hold attitude configuration. Three-axis stabilized control was restored in
September 2021 by implementing a bias momentum configuration on the two remaining wheels (spinning the wheels in opposite directions), and using the magnetic torque rods for attitude control. Three months later, on December 17, 2021, a third reaction wheel failed, leaving the spacecraft with no viable methods for fixed attitude pointing. Although most of the e-POP instruments were fully operational, without stabilized pointing much of the science objectives could not be met, resulting in a conclusion of the operational portion of the mission on December 31, 2021.
93:
40:
625:, integrated the mission into the Swarm constellation of satellites, dubbing CASSIOPE "Swarm-Echo", recognizing the synergy between the two missions in collecting space weather data in low Earth orbit. The partnership allowed for four ground station contacts per day, rather than one, greatly increasing the amount of data that could be downloaded from the e-POP suite of instruments.
882:
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Station at the
General Bernardo O'Higgins Base in Antarctica. Routine operations were scheduled to run to March, 2015. The mission was extended via funding from the Technology Partnerships Canada program through the Industrial Technologies Office that was part of the Canadian government at the time. In February 2018, the
718:
MDA contracted with SpaceX to put the CASSIOPE payload on the first flight of an essentially new launch vehicleâa non-operational demonstration launch. The Falcon 9 v1.1, upgraded from the original Falcon 9, is a 60 percent heavier rocket with 60% more thrust. The flight was contracted with a payload
726:
Since this was the first flight of a new launch vehicle, the US Air Force had estimated the overall probability of failure on the mission was nearly fifty percent. In the event, the mission was successful, as was each of the next 13 Falcon 9 v1.1 missions before a launch vehicle failure and loss of
616:
After a successful launch on
September 29, 2013, CASSIOPE entered into a commissioning phase that lasted to January 1, 2014, with no faults detected on the spacecraft bus or payloads. Three ground stations were utilized, including Kiruna (Sweden), Inuvik (Canada), and the German Antarctic Receiving
547:
file delivery service, exploiting the fact that CASSIOPE passes over much of the globe 15 times per day. It has been described as a courier service, with the customers using a small parabolic antenna of one or two meters (three or six feet) to upload or download files at a rate of 1.2 gigabits per
472:
launch vehicle. CASSIOPE is the first
Canadian hybrid satellite to carry a dual mission in the fields of telecommunications and scientific research. The main objectives are to gather information to better understand the science of space weather, while verifying high-speed communications concepts
628:
On August 11, 2016, one of the four reaction wheels used for spacecraft attitude control failed. This did not affect spacecraft operations in a significant way since only three wheels are required for 3-axis stabilized pointing. A second reaction wheel failed on
February 27, 2021, forcing the
681:
677:
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799:(ACS) to null it out. The fuel in the tanks centrifuged to the outside of the tank and the single engine involved in the low-altitude deceleration maneuver shut down. Debris from the first stage was subsequently retrieved from the ocean.
783:
was reversed, and three of the nine engines refired at high altitude, as planned, to initiate the deceleration and controlled descent trajectory to the surface of the ocean. The first phase of the test worked well and the first stage
1392:
560:'s Institute for Space Research leads the science project, while MDA is the prime contractor for the mission including launch and operation of the spacecraft. The orbital science mission is scheduled for a 21-month duration.
680:
1926:
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engine once the rocket had deployed its primary payload (CASSIOPE) and all of its nanosat secondary payloads was unsuccessful. The engine failed to restart while the second stage was coasting in low Earth orbit.
719:
mass that is very small relative to the rocket's capability, at a discounted rate because it was a technology demonstration mission for SpaceX, approximately 20% of the normal published price for SpaceX Falcon 9
575:
navigation, and other space-based systems. The eight scientific instruments aboard CASSIOPE will help scientists understand solar weather and eventually plan for measures to mitigate its deleterious effects.
806:. While a number of the new capabilities were successfully tested on the September 29, 2013, CASSIOPE flight, there was an issue with the second stage restart test. The test to reignite the second stage
776:
conducted a test to attempt to reenter the lower atmosphere in a controlled manner and decelerate to a simulated over-water landing. The test was successful, but the booster stage was not recovered.
571:
or northern lights seen in the skies in northern latitudes. While these atmospheric glows may offer a thrilling night time spectacle, the inducing radiation can interfere with radio communications,
649:
funded a 1997 feasibility study that led to a modified mission concept that was designed during 2000-2005. The revised concept was to combine an enhanced version of POP, called e-POP, with an
1422:
453:. The mission development and operations from launch to February 2018 was funded through CSA and the Technology Partnerships Canada program. In February 2018 CASSIOPE became part of the
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Yau, Andrew W.; James, H. Gordon (June 2009). "CASSIOPE Enhanced Polar
Outflow Probe (e-POP) Small Satellite Mission: Space Plasma Observations and International Collaborations".
548:
second. The storage capacity will be between 50 and 500 gigabytes and the data delivery time will be about 90 minutes, depending on the pickup and deposit points on the globe.
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The Falcon 9 v1.1 is a new launch vehicle. The U.S. Air Force has determined that its overall failure probability is nearly fifty percent for each of the first two launches.
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1480:
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The eight e-POP scientific instruments were built, calibrated, and tested in 2005-2007, with integration onto the satellite bus for spacecraft-level testing in 2008-2009.
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that is 180 cm (5.9 ft) long and 125 cm (4.10 ft) high. It combines the function of two distinct missions in order to be more cost-effective and
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ORS-3, STPSat-3, Black Knight 1, CAPE-2, ChargerSat-1, COPPER, DragonSat-1, Firefly (satellite), Ho'oponopono-2, Horus, KySat-2, NPS-SCAT, ORSES, ORS Tech 1, 2,
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836:
735:
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2136:
895:
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Yau, Andrew W.; James, H. Gordon (2011). "Scientific
Objectives of the Canadian CASSIOPE Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) Small Satellite Mission".
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and carries a commercial communications system called
Cascade as well as a scientific experiment package called e-POP (enhanced Polar Outflow Probe).
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1860:
1207:
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2033:
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courier service for commercial use. Built by MDA, the operational concept is to receive very large data files as the satellite orbits the globe,
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test. While the first stage was destroyed on impact with the ocean, significant data was acquired and the test was considered a success.
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172:
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the â sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
4630:
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2325:
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2095:
1432:
711:. The launch date slipped several times, and after SpaceX discontinued the Falcon 1, the launch was shifted to the much larger
375:
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1962:
1665:
840:
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3526:
1614:"The Canadian Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) Mission: Current Status and Planned Observations and Data Distribution"
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978:
807:
4342:
2958:
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2023:
1952:
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Launches are separated by dots ( âą ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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spacecraft that were also carried to orbit on the same launch vehicle that carried the CASSIOPE primary payload:
262:
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1957:
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The satellite that became CASSIOPE began with a 1996 concept for a small (70 kg/150 lb), inexpensive
522:
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2236:
1916:
1516:. 26th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. August 13â16, 2012. Utah State University. SSC12-X-3.
796:
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Imaging and Rapid
Scanning Ion Mass Spectrometer (IRM), measuring the three-dimensional distribution of ions
4416:
3069:
2880:
2158:
1880:
854:
507:
86:
4424:
4010:
2054:
1978:
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3916:
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2186:
1906:
1890:
1582:
1578:
1539:
325:
4121:
4109:
3962:
3822:
3811:
3807:
3593:
3108:
2722:
2688:
1719:
1714:
785:
355:
601:
Neutral Mass
Spectrometer (NMS), measuring the mass, composition and velocity of neutral particles
465:, known as Swarm Echo, or Swarm-E. It was launched September 29, 2013, on the first flight of the
4574:
4566:
4558:
4482:
4476:
4306:
4195:
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4014:
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1987:
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them onboard temporarily, then deliver them at a later time to nearly any destination worldwide.
458:
179:
1235:
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However, the first stage began to roll due to aerodynamic forces during the descent through the
592:
GPS Altitude and Profiling Experiment (GAP), high-precision position and attitude determination
4549:
4544:
2090:
2001:
1765:
1598:
1513:
Counting Down to the Launch of POPACS (Polar Orbiting Passive Atmospheric Calibration Spheres)
862:
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415:
1560:
162:
4018:
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1625:
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1547:
1427:
526:
298:
1393:"Musk Says SpaceX Being "Extremely Paranoid" as It Readies for Falcon 9's California Debut"
1366:
1058:. 18th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites. Logan, Utah. August 9â12, 2004. SSC04-VI-5.
1055:
Cassiope: A Canadian Smallsat-Based Space Science and Advanced Satcom Demonstration Mission
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3163:
3015:
2633:
2601:
2591:
2571:
2288:
2204:
1770:
1511:
1423:"Waiver to Space Exploration Technologies Corporation of Acceptable Risk Limit for Launch"
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803:
792:
779:
After the three-minute boost phase of September 29, 2013 launch, the booster stage
765:
598:
Fluxgate Magnetometer (MGF), high-precision magnetic field perturbation measurement
568:
530:
395:
39:
4503:
2828:
1457:
1052:
Giffin, Gregory B.; Ressl, Waqar-Un-Nissa; Yau, Andrew W.; King, E. Peter (2004).
1594:
1568:. International Sessions of Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting 2005.
17:
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1936:
849:(POPACS), each a 10 cm (4 in) white aluminum sphere, joint project of
769:
477:
405:
2121:
982:
506:
The spacecraft carries a primary payload of two instrument suites: the Cascade
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4238:
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3887:
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3533:
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1875:
1870:
1810:
1805:
877:
607:
Suprathermal Electron Imager (SEI), measuring low-energy electron distribution
556:
The e-POP portion of CASSIOPE is a suite of eight scientific instruments. The
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4458:
4446:
4067:
3907:
3174:
3123:
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2679:
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1264:
920:
533:
446:
1559:
Fujikawa, Nobuko; Hayakawa, Hajime; Tsuruda, Koichiro; et al. (2005).
664:
that would be useful for other Canadian satellite missions in the future.
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2215:
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1911:
1885:
1562:
Neutral mass and velocity spectrometer (NMS) on e-POP/CASSIOPE spacecraft
1027:
773:
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45:
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2007:
743:
657:, into a single satellite, and to design and build a generic, low-cost
483:
Following staging, the Falcon 9's first stage was used by SpaceX for a
4442:
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1613:
1612:
Yau, A. W.; James, H. G.; Bernhardt, P. A.; et al. (April 2009).
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4006:
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3992:
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275:
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689:
The satellite was launched on September 29, 2013, aboard a SpaceX
674:
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Fast Auroral Imager (FAI), measuring large-scale auroral emissions
345:
335:
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Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI), measuring radio wave propagation
3141:
3118:
2069:
2059:
1855:
586:(CER), measuring radio propagation and ionospheric scintillation
3779:
2125:
1661:
4138:
2342:
1200:"Upgraded Falcon 9 Rocket Successfully Debuts from Vandenberg"
572:
795:, and the roll rate exceeded the capabilities of the booster
742:
low Earth orbit that, as of January 20, 2016, had a
916:"SpaceX to Launch Space Weather Satellite for Canada Sunday"
768:
separated from the booster stage, SpaceX conducted a novel
734:
The Falcon 9 upper stage used to launch CASSIOPE was left
579:
The e-POP payload contains eight scientific instruments:
567:
in the upper atmosphere. These storms give rise to the
1510:
Holemans, Walter; Moore, R. Gilbert; Kang, Jin (2012).
1307:"Falcon 9 Launches Payloads into Orbit From Vandenberg"
847:
Polar Orbiting Passive Atmospheric Calibration Spheres
1481:"SpaceX moving quickly towards fly-back first stage"
1367:"SpaceX to put Falcon 9 upgrades to the test Sunday"
707:. The launch was originally scheduled for 2008 from
685:
SpaceX Falcon 9 launch from Vandenberg with CASSIOPE
131:
Elapsed: 10 years, 11 months, 28 days
118:
http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/cassiope.asp
4496:
4441:, HumSat-D, PUCP-Sat 1 (Pocket-PUCP), BeakerSat-1,
4384:
4360:
4275:
4219:
4161:
4098:
4051:
3978:
3945:
3873:
3830:
3718:
3690:
3633:
3621:
3512:
3476:
3383:
3362:
3348:
3132:
3024:
2650:
2539:
2341:
2281:
2272:
2214:
2157:
2083:
2047:
2016:
1971:
1945:
1899:
1798:
1733:
1702:
1695:
414:
404:
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364:
354:
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209:
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135:
123:
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100:
79:
69:
57:
3225:Transport and Tracking Layer (Tranche 0, Flight 2)
3221:Transport and Tracking Layer (Tranche 0, Flight 1)
1028:"CASSIOPE Satellite details 2013-055A NORAD 39265"
947:"SpaceX successfully launches debut Falcon 9 v1.1"
760:SpaceX reusable launch system development program
696:At the time the launch was contracted in 2005, a
1333:"Old News Revisited - SpaceX to Launch CASSIOPE"
1236:"A Preview of Falcon 9âČs Flight From Vandenberg"
1096:"After Dragon, SpaceX's focus returns to Falcon"
940:
938:
473:through the use of advanced space technologies.
435:Cascade, Smallsat and Ionospheric Polar Explorer
543:The demonstrator will provide a secure digital
1360:
1358:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1120:
1118:
1116:
3791:
2137:
1673:
1577:. IAGA Special Sopron Book Series, Volume 4.
1300:
1298:
1296:
1263:. University of Calgary. 2013. Archived from
1229:
1227:
1225:
1193:
1191:
1127:"Canada's CASSIOPE Satellite Nearing Liftoff"
981:. University of Calgary. 2014. Archived from
837:Drag and Atmospheric Neutral Density Explorer
27:Canadian Space Agency multi-mission satellite
8:
1575:The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere
1287:"CASSIOPE science operations come to an end"
1047:
1045:
521:The commercial payload, named Cascade, is a
476:The satellite was deployed in an elliptical
32:
802:SpaceX also ran a post-mission test on the
3798:
3784:
3776:
3630:
3380:
2278:
2144:
2130:
2122:
1699:
1680:
1666:
1658:
973:
971:
969:
967:
896:List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
495:CASSIOPE is a 500 kg (1,100 lb)
91:
38:
31:
1629:
525:courier in the sky, aimed at providing a
3356:List of Starlink and Starshield launches
914:Howell, Elizabeth (September 27, 2013).
4437:, STSAT-3, SkySat-1, UniSat-5 (Dove 4,
2034:Defence Research and Development Canada
1022:
1020:
906:
1654:at MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates
1198:Ferster, Warren (September 29, 2013).
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
945:Graham, William (September 29, 2013).
513:and a scientific payload named e-POP.
2029:Communications Research Centre Canada
1365:Clark, Stephen (September 28, 2013).
7:
3340:SDA Tranche 1 Transport layer T2TL-A
3335:SDA Tranche 1 Transport layer T1TR-E
3330:SDA Tranche 1 Transport layer T1TR-A
3325:SDA Tranche 1 Transport layer T1TL-F
3294:SDA Tranche 1 Transport layer T1TR-C
1305:Messier, Doug (September 29, 2013).
1234:Messier, Doug (September 10, 2013).
746:of 317 km (197 mi) and an
3991:(Aist 2, BeeSat-2, BeeSat-3, SOMP,
3289:SDA Tranche 1 Tracking layer T1TL-E
3279:SDA Tranche 1 Tracking layer T1TL-D
3274:SDA Tranche 1 Tracking layer T1TL-C
3269:SDA Tranche 1 Tracking layer T1TL-B
1984:MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates
754:Post-mission launch vehicle testing
420:January 30, 2024, 12:46:11 UTC
3890:M078, M087, M093, M094, M095, M096
3284:425 Project SAR satellite flight 3
3241:Weather System Follow-on Microwave
3237:425 Project SAR satellite flight 2
1391:Klotz, Irene (September 6, 2013).
25:
4461:, HINCube-1, KHUSat-1, KHUSat-2,
3762:Failed missionsâ are marked with
2950:Iridium NEXT 76-80 and OneWeb #19
1479:Lindsey, Clark (March 28, 2013).
1460:. Heavens Above. January 20, 2016
880:
750:of 1,283 km (797 mi).
4453:, WNISat-1, GOMX-1, CubeBug-2,
2096:Churchill Rocket Research Range
1433:Federal Aviation Administration
1331:Boucher, Mark (June 28, 2010).
1125:Boucher, Mark (June 26, 2012).
350:1,064.2 km (661.3 mi)
205:180Ă125 cm (71Ă49 in)
4656:Geospace monitoring satellites
1094:Foust, Jeff (March 27, 2013).
1070:"Swarm trio becomes a quartet"
841:University of Colorado Boulder
485:controlled descent and landing
103:
1:
4469:, Triton 1, UWE-3, VELOX-P2,
867:Planetary Systems Corporation
320:7,063 km (4,389 mi)
2152:SpaceX missions and payloads
2024:Canadian Geospace Monitoring
1953:John H. Chapman Space Centre
1648:at the Canadian Space Agency
1595:10.1007/978-90-481-9787-3_26
1431:. United States Government.
653:commercial satellite called
584:Coherent EM Radio Tomography
4641:Spacecraft launched in 2013
4419:Ă 8, SENSE A, B, SwampSat,
2101:International Space Station
1261:"e-POP Payload on CASSIOPE"
979:"CASSIOPE/e-POP Fact Sheet"
623:Third Party Mission Program
463:Third Party Mission Program
197:500 kg (1,100 lb)
127:Primary mission: 18 months
4672:
4636:SpaceX commercial payloads
3757:vehicles under development
1532:AIP Conference Proceedings
757:
563:e-POP will gather data on
213:5 solar panels generating
4606:
3742:
3228:425 Project SAR Satellite
2039:National Research Council
851:Morehead State University
428:
424:
340:320 km (200 mi)
285:
281:
236:September 29, 2013, 16:00
223:
219:
147:
143:
53:
37:
4258:Eutelsat 25B / Es'hail 1
4141:Ă 4 (PFM, FM2, FM4, FM5)
3894:Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a
1958:David Florida Laboratory
1166:"e-POP Project Schedule"
1030:. N2YO. January 30, 2024
859:Montana State University
4631:Space program of Canada
3641:Suborbital flight tests
797:attitude control system
523:technology demonstrator
44:CASSIOPE launches on a
4457:, Dove 3, First-MOVE,
3070:RADARSAT Constellation
2048:International partners
1963:Saskatoon CSA Building
1900:Other space technology
1881:RADARSAT Constellation
1458:"Falcon 9 R/B - Orbit"
1172:. 2013. Archived from
855:University of Arkansas
686:
4425:Vermont Lunar CubeSat
4003:Cygnus Mass Simulator
3514:Falcon Heavy missions
1689:Canadian Space Agency
1403:on September 22, 2013
1210:on September 30, 2013
1170:University of Calgary
684:
647:Canadian Space Agency
619:European Space Agency
558:University of Calgary
511:communications system
455:European Space Agency
451:University of Calgary
443:Canadian Space Agency
390:335.9358 degrees
380:349.3323 degrees
295:Reference system
152:Spacecraft properties
129:Design life: 2 years
74:University of Calgary
4646:Satellites of Canada
4445:, QBScout-1, WREN),
4392:Mars Orbiter Mission
3814:Orbital launches in
3747:Ongoing spaceflights
3646:Orbital flight tests
3012:WorldView Legion 3,4
2993:WorldView Legion 1,2
2326:In-Flight Abort Test
2017:Related institutions
1618:Data Science Journal
1581:. pp. 355â364.
1579:Springer Netherlands
727:mission occurred on
445:(CSA) multi-mission
360:80.9604 degrees
2988:Galileo FOC FM25,27
2723:Eutelsat 117 West B
2689:Eutelsat 115 West B
1720:Jenni Sidey-Gibbons
1715:David Saint-Jacques
1696:Canadian astronauts
1587:2011sswh.book..355Y
1544:2009AIPC.1144..192Y
1267:on October 31, 2013
1137:on January 15, 2013
985:on October 31, 2013
643:Polar Outflow Probe
459:Swarm constellation
386:Argument of perigee
34:
4345:, POPACS 1, 2, 3,
3192:COSMO-SkyMed CSG-2
2833:Iridium NEXT 66â75
2814:Iridium NEXT 56â65
2801:Iridium NEXT 51â55
2793:Iridium NEXT 41â50
2785:Iridium NEXT 31â40
2772:Iridium NEXT 21â30
2764:Iridium NEXT 11â20
1998:Magellan Aerospace
1988:MDA Space Missions
1907:Black Brant rocket
888:Spaceflight portal
832:Cornell University
815:Secondary payloads
729:Falcon 9 Flight 19
687:
370:98.46 minutes
290:Orbital parameters
180:Magellan Aerospace
4618:
4617:
4423:, Trailblazer-1,
4283:Yaogan 17 A, B, C
4262:GSAT-7 / INSAT-4F
3773:
3772:
3738:
3737:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3159:SES-16 / GovSat-1
2274:Falcon 9 missions
2216:Falcon 1 missions
2119:
2118:
2091:Bell Satellite TV
2002:Bristol Aerospace
1794:
1793:
1766:Bjarni Tryggvason
1631:10.2481/dsj.8.S38
1604:978-90-481-9786-6
1552:10.1063/1.3169287
1491:on April 16, 2013
1435:. August 27, 2013
863:Drexel University
786:re-entered safely
682:
545:store-and-forward
432:
431:
400:21.8 degrees
189:
184:
177:
18:Falcon 9 Flight 6
16:(Redirected from
4663:
4530:
4403:Globus-1M No.13L
3819:
3818:
3817:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3631:
3381:
3016:BlueBird Block 1
2699:Orbcomm OG2 Ă 11
2694:TĂŒrkmenĂlem 52°E
2641:Crew-10–14
2279:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
1700:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1635:
1633:
1608:
1569:
1567:
1555:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1487:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1428:Federal Register
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1399:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1343:on July 17, 2012
1339:. Archived from
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
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1246:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1206:. Archived from
1195:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1176:on July 28, 2013
1162:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1133:. Archived from
1122:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1100:NewSpace Journal
1091:
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1080:
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951:NASA Spaceflight
942:
933:
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928:
911:
890:
885:
884:
883:
808:Merlin 1D vacuum
703:was the planned
683:
527:proof of concept
449:operated by the
336:Perigee altitude
243:
241:
240:2013-09-29UTC16Z
228:Start of mission
187:
182:
175:
136:Orbits completed
124:Mission duration
105:
96:
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42:
35:
21:
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4157:
4111:Albert Einstein
4094:
4047:
3974:
3941:
3869:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3774:
3769:
3753:Future missions
3734:
3720:
3714:
3699:Polaris Program
3686:
3617:
3500:
3472:
3379:
3358:
3344:
3134:
3128:
3026:
3020:
2670:Orbcomm OG2 Ă 6
2652:
2646:
2535:
2523:CRS-32–35
2337:
2268:
2210:
2159:Launch vehicles
2153:
2150:
2120:
2115:
2079:
2043:
2012:
1967:
1941:
1895:
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1771:Dafydd Williams
1729:
1691:
1686:
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1611:
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1529:
1526:
1524:Further reading
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1371:Spaceflight Now
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1337:SpaceRef Canada
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651:MDA Corporation
645:, or POP. The
635:
614:
554:
519:
497:small satellite
493:
346:Apogee altitude
316:Semi-major axis
239:
237:
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188:(subcontractor)
185:
183:(subcontractor)
178:
130:
128:
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63:Communications
62:
49:
28:
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4651:2013 in Canada
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4611:Crewed flights
4607:
4604:
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4595:/ SKRL-756 1,
4586:
4581:
4552:
4550:TĂșpac Katari 1
4547:
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4488:Progress M-21M
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4463:NEE-02 Krysaor
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4229:(TechEdSat-3,
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4211:Progress M-20M
4208:
4202:Inmarsat-4A F4
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3903:Progress M-18M
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3749:are underlined
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3634:Demonstrations
3628:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3612:Europa Clipper
3608:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3582:
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3527:Tesla Roadster
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2968:O3b mPOWER 5,6
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2947:O3b mPOWER 3,4
2945:
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2932:Amazonas Nexus
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2789:Hispasat 30W-6
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1485:NewSpace Watch
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758:Main article:
755:
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738:in a decaying
731:in June 2015.
715:in June 2010.
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4320:
4318:
4317:Cygnus Orb-D1
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4298:
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4280:
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4232:
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4218:
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4209:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:, Chuangxin 3
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:Shijian XI-05
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
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4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4155:
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4150:
4146:
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4137:
4135:
4134:Resurs-P No.1
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4089:Soyuz TMA-09M
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:Zhongxing 11
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4037:NEE-01 Pegaso
4034:
4033:TurkSat-3USat
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3983:
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3977:
3971:
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3969:Soyuz TMA-08M
3966:
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3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2979:
2978:Merah Putih 2
2976:
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2825:
2822:
2820:(Merah Putih)
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Bangabandhu-1
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:BulgariaSat-1
2758:
2756:
2755:Inmarsat-5 F4
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
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2309:
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2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Qualification
2292:
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2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Lunar Gateway
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
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2076:
2073:
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
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1948:
1944:
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1797:
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1781:Michael McKay
1779:
1777:
1776:Julie Payette
1774:
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1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Robert Thirsk
1759:
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1754:
1752:
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1732:
1726:
1725:Joshua Kutryk
1723:
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1710:Jeremy Hansen
1708:
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1430:
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1424:
1418:
1415:
1407:September 13,
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1376:September 28,
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1316:September 30,
1312:
1311:Parabolic Arc
1308:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1245:September 11,
1241:
1240:Parabolic Arc
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1214:September 30,
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
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1188:
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1128:
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852:
848:
844:
842:
838:
835:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
822:
821:nanosatellite
814:
812:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
789:
787:
782:
777:
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771:
767:
761:
753:
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741:
737:
732:
730:
724:
722:
716:
714:
710:
709:Omelek Island
706:
702:
699:
694:
692:
691:Falcon 9 v1.1
670:
668:
665:
663:
662:satellite bus
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
626:
624:
620:
611:
606:
603:
600:
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541:
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524:
516:
514:
512:
509:
504:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
481:
479:
474:
471:
470:Falcon 9 v1.1
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
423:
419:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
327:
323:
319:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
288:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
261:
257:
254:
253:Falcon 9 v1.1
251:
247:
235:
231:
226:
222:
218:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
181:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
106:
99:
94:
88:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
60:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4610:
4599:/ SKRL-756 2
4584:Ekspress AM5
4396:
4338:
4331:
4173:
4149:Kondor â 202
4126:
4110:
4087:
3967:
3953:SpaceX CRS-2
3880:
3855:Jissho Eisei
3756:
3752:
3746:
3727:
3708:Starship HLS
3705:
3701:third flight
3697:
3677:
3670:
3623:
3610:
3492:
3464:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3033:
2983:Eutelsat 36D
2943:Intelsat 40e
2906:Galaxy 31,32
2768:Intelsat 35e
2739:Iridium NEXT
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2614:Polaris Dawn
2606:
2562:Inspiration4
2530:Cygnus NG-22
2528:
2521:
2514:
2509:Cygnus NG-21
2507:
2498:Cygnus NG-20
2203:
2199:Falcon Heavy
1866:Nimiq series
1825:
1741:Marc Garneau
1621:
1617:
1574:
1561:
1535:
1531:
1512:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1484:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1452:
1444:
1437:. Retrieved
1426:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1396:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1347:September 7,
1345:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1336:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:
1281:
1271:February 20,
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1203:
1180:September 6,
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1141:September 7,
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1130:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1089:
1079:February 14,
1077:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1054:
1032:. Retrieved
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
954:. Retrieved
950:
925:. Retrieved
919:
909:
818:
804:second stage
801:
790:
778:
766:second stage
763:
733:
725:
717:
695:
688:
666:
654:
642:
636:
627:
615:
578:
569:polar aurora
565:Solar storms
562:
555:
542:
520:
505:
494:
482:
475:
461:through the
438:
434:
433:
396:Mean anomaly
326:Eccentricity
169:Manufacturer
58:Mission type
29:
4597:Kosmos 2492
4593:Kosmos 2491
4579:Kosmos-2491
4575:Strela-3M 9
4571:Kosmos 2490
4567:Strela-3M 8
4563:Kosmos 2489
4559:Strela-3M 7
4555:Kosmos 2488
4372:Sirius FM-6
4227:Kounotori 4
4145:Kosmos 2487
4128:Shenzhou 10
4118:Kosmos 2486
4073:Eutelsat 3D
4043:Kosmos 2485
4039:, CubeBug-1
3989:Bion-M No.1
3882:Intelsat 27
3846:Kosmos 2484
3842:Kosmos 2483
3838:Kosmos 2482
3729:Superbird-9
3554:LightSail 2
3522:Test flight
3384:Transporter
3318:Spainsat NG
3262:Spainsat NG
2901:Hotbird 13G
2896:Hotbird 13F
2876:Nilesat-301
2824:Telstar 18V
2810:Telstar 19V
2781:Koreasat 5A
2745:EchoStar 23
2311:Crew Dragon
2237:Trailblazer
2225:FalconSAT-2
2223:Flight 1â (
2187:Full Thrust
2111:Shaw Direct
1972:Contractors
1816:Anik series
1624:: S38âS44.
1538:: 192â195.
1464:January 21,
1439:January 21,
1074:www.esa.int
1034:January 30,
770:flight test
501:reduce risk
478:polar orbit
406:Mean motion
356:Inclination
259:Launch site
233:Launch date
215:up to 600 W
194:Launch mass
61:Technology
4625:Categories
4455:Delfi-n3Xt
4435:DubaiSat-2
4417:Prometheus
4368:Shijian 16
4327:Kuaizhou-1
4239:PicoDragon
4192:Shijian 15
4177:48, 49, 50
4122:Persona â2
4064:VNREDSat-1
3925:UniBRITE-1
3898:Amazonas 3
3888:Globalstar
3851:JSE Reda 4
3759:in italics
3721:Satellites
3719:Commercial
3549:FormoSat-7
3539:USAF STP-2
3534:Arabsat-6A
3363:Rideshares
3217:GPS III-06
3188:GPS III-05
3185:GPS III-04
3179:GPS III-03
3135:satellites
3049:Formosat-5
3027:satellites
3025:Scientific
3003:TĂŒrksat 6A
2954:ArabSat 7B
2936:OneWeb #17
2928:OneWeb #16
2923:O3b mPOWER
2871:TĂŒrksat 5B
2863:TĂŒrksat 5A
2653:satellites
2651:Commercial
2247:NanoSail-D
2233:Flight 3â
1946:Facilities
1927:FGS/NIRISS
1876:RADARSAT-2
1871:RADARSAT-1
1811:Alouette 2
1806:Alouette 1
1799:Satellites
1397:Space News
1204:Space News
902:References
793:atmosphere
772:where the
764:After the
740:elliptical
723:missions.
612:Operations
508:commercial
491:Spacecraft
299:Geocentric
272:Contractor
263:Vandenberg
202:Dimensions
4504:Chang'e 3
4459:FUNcube-1
4447:AprizeSat
4430:Yaogan 19
4376:Yaogan 18
4276:September
4249:Arirang-5
4235:ArduSat-X
4231:ArduSat-1
4068:ESTCube-1
4011:Alexander
3908:Landsat 8
3598:USSF-52 (
3590:Jupiter-3
3477:Bandwagon
3231:SARah 2/3
3199:NROL-85 (
3175:ANASIS-II
3124:EarthCARE
3074:SAOCOM 1B
2964:Galaxy 37
2939:SES 18,19
2841:Beresheet
2829:Es'hail 2
2714:Thaicom 8
2680:AsiaSat 6
2675:AsiaSat 8
2665:Thaicom 6
2345:logistics
2252:Explorers
2230:Flight 2â
1917:Canadarm2
1786:Ken Money
1495:March 29,
989:April 14,
956:April 13,
927:April 13,
921:Space.com
839:(DANDE),
534:broadband
447:satellite
330:0.0526838
309:Low Earth
244: UTC
87:2013-055A
81:COSPAR ID
4528:TacSat-6
4497:December
4483:Shiyan 5
4471:ZACUBE-1
4413:PhoneSat
4385:November
4352:Astra 2E
4339:CASSIOPE
4301:Gonets-M
4297:Gonets-M
4293:Gonets-M
4206:INSAT-3D
4196:Shiyan 7
4175:Uragan-M
4169:IRNSS-1A
4029:Gaofen 1
3963:Satmex 8
3937:STRaND-1
3933:AAUSat-3
3929:TUGSAT-1
3917:Sapphire
3874:February
3860:STSat-2C
3626:missions
3624:Starship
3587:Americas
3585:ViaSat-3
3350:Starlink
3310:Skynet 6
3252:NROL-113
3249:NROL-186
3246:NROL-146
3234:USSF-124
3201:Intruder
3182:NROL-108
3133:Military
3059:GRACE-FO
3034:CASSIOPE
3008:ASBM 1,2
2998:Astra 1P
2911:Eutelsat
2818:Telkom 4
2728:JCSAT-16
2709:JCSAT-14
2289:Dragon 1
2264:RazakSAT
2205:Starship
2172:Falcon 9
2167:Falcon 1
1912:Canadarm
1891:Sapphire
1886:SCISAT-1
1826:CASSIOPE
1652:CASSIOPE
1646:CASSIOPE
1105:April 5,
874:See also
781:attitude
736:derelict
713:Falcon 9
701:Falcon 1
693:rocket.
441:), is a
439:CASSIOPE
186:Com Dev
70:Operator
65:Research
46:Falcon 9
33:CASSIOPE
4539:CBERS-3
4519:USA-247
4479:A, B, C
4473:, BPA-3
4443:$ 50SAT
4439:ICube-1
4361:October
4312:USA-246
4253:USA-245
4245:USA-244
4083:USA-243
4078:USA-242
4060:PROBA-V
3985:Anik G1
3958:USA-241
3921:NEOSSat
3865:TDRS-11
3831:January
3710:flights
3581:USSF-67
3304:USSF-31
3299:USSF-36
3256:NROL-69
3213:EROS-C3
3196:NROL-87
3169:GPS III
3044:Jason-3
2885:Galaxy
2846:Amos 17
2634:Axiom-4
2602:Axiom-3
2592:Axiom-2
2572:Axiom-1
2192:Block 5
2008:Telesat
1979:COM DEV
1861:NEOSSat
1734:Retired
1583:Bibcode
1540:Bibcode
1289:. 2022.
774:booster
744:perigee
655:Cascade
641:called
633:History
531:digital
517:Cascade
410:14.6254
238: (
176:(prime)
163:MAC-200
114:Website
102:SATCAT
4589:Aist 1
4449:7, 8,
4307:Hisaki
4299:No.6,
4295:No.5,
4267:Amos-4
4220:August
4187:MUOS-2
4015:Graham
4007:Dove 1
3997:OSSI-1
3993:Dove-2
3823:2014 â
3808:â 2012
3764:dagger
3691:Crewed
3606:GOES-U
3602:OTV-7)
3594:Psyche
3203:13A/B)
3109:Euclid
3088:Hakuto
3064:SAOCOM
3039:DSCOVR
2959:SATRIA
2917:OneWeb
2881:SES-22
2805:SES-12
2776:SES-11
2750:SES-10
2733:AMOS-6
2719:ABS-2A
2685:ABS-3A
2620:Crew-9
2608:Crew-8
2597:Crew-7
2587:Crew-6
2582:Crew-5
2577:Crew-4
2567:Crew-3
2557:Crew-2
2552:Crew-1
2547:Demo-2
2540:Crewed
2516:CRS-31
2503:CRS-30
2493:CRS-29
2488:CRS-28
2483:CRS-27
2478:CRS-26
2473:CRS-25
2468:CRS-24
2463:CRS-23
2458:CRS-22
2453:CRS-21
2448:CRS-20
2443:CRS-19
2438:CRS-18
2433:CRS-17
2428:CRS-16
2423:CRS-15
2418:CRS-14
2413:CRS-13
2408:CRS-12
2403:CRS-11
2398:CRS-10
2331:Demo-2
2321:Demo-1
2304:Demo-2
2299:Demo-1
2259:Ratsat
2242:PRESat
1937:OSIRIS
1932:MOPITT
1922:Dextre
1856:MSAT-1
1846:M3MSat
1841:ISIS 2
1836:ISIS 1
1831:Hermes
1703:Active
1601:
865:, and
845:three
748:apogee
698:SpaceX
671:Launch
529:for a
467:SpaceX
366:Period
305:Regime
276:SpaceX
266:SLC-4E
249:Rocket
4523:Topaz
4514:SES-8
4477:Swarm
4467:OPTOS
4421:TJSat
4415:2.4,
4407:MAVEN
4347:DANDE
4343:CUSat
4288:LADEE
4105:SES-6
3979:April
3946:March
3913:SARAL
3679:IFT-6
3672:IFT-5
3666:IFT-4
3661:IFT-3
3656:IFT-2
3651:IFT-1
3600:X-37B
3483:2024
3450:2024
3425:2023
3405:2022
3390:2021
3373:SSO-A
3369:2018
3207:SARah
3150:OTV-5
3148:X-37B
2972:Ovzon
2867:SXM 8
2851:JCSAT
2704:SES-9
2660:SES-8
2627:Fram2
2393:CRS-9
2388:CRS-8
2382:CRS-7
2377:CRS-6
2372:CRS-5
2367:CRS-4
2362:CRS-3
2357:CRS-2
2352:CRS-1
2084:Other
1821:BRITE
1566:(PDF)
828:CUSat
819:Five
659:small
552:e-POP
538:store
416:Epoch
210:Power
139:53807
109:39265
4545:Gaia
4508:Yutu
4303:No.7
4162:July
4154:IRIS
4099:June
4019:Bell
3816:2013
3755:and
3706:two
3576:USSF
3569:ISAT
3564:DSAC
3559:GPIM
3154:Zuma
3142:NROL
3119:IM-1
3114:PACE
3104:SWOT
3099:KPLO
3094:S6MF
3083:IXPE
3078:DART
3054:TESS
2741:1â10
2182:v1.1
2177:v1.0
2075:SNSB
2070:JAXA
2065:ISRO
2060:NASA
1851:MOST
1599:ISBN
1536:1144
1497:2013
1466:2016
1441:2016
1409:2013
1378:2013
1349:2013
1318:2013
1273:2014
1247:2013
1216:2013
1182:2013
1143:2013
1107:2013
1081:2020
1036:2024
991:2014
958:2014
929:2014
376:RAAN
48:v1.1
4451:Lem
4139:O3b
4113:ATV
4052:May
3578:-44
3544:DSX
3171:-01
3164:Paz
3144:-76
2925:1,2
2919:#15
2913:10B
2857:SXM
2853:-18
2343:ISS
2055:ESA
1626:doi
1591:doi
1548:doi
721:LEO
573:GPS
457:'s
173:MDA
158:Bus
104:no.
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