767:
1864:
870:
913:
228:
950:
40:
998:
986:
980:
919:
907:
886:
880:
1014:
1026:
242:
1071:
2903:
889:” replacing the standard letter. Although this variant may be a writing error, it occurs multiple times in separate Faliscan inscriptions, indicating that it may be a legitimate alternative to the more common version. Various cursive forms of the letter are known. “II” is the most common cursive form in Faliscan inscriptions and is also the cursive form used in Latin. One
842:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1020:
1008:
992:
974:
863:
933:
943:
1879:. It is the youngest known inscription in the Faliscan alphabet; it is not significantly older than 150 BCE. It was a public dedication and utilizes the same language used by local officials. The left half was found in 1860 and the right half was found in 1870, the same year the full text was assembled and published:
647:
They remark that the unexpected outcomes are absent from the archaic
Faliscan inscriptions and that the regular outcomes largely outnumber the irregular ones in the Faliscan epigraphic corpus. The unexpected outcomes show up only in middle and late Faliscan. The following are the only instances:
799:” was adapted as “𐌒.” However, these three letters all represented the same phoneme. Over time, this redundancy caused the Faliscan, Etruscan, and Latin alphabets to alter the role of these letters within their alphabets. Faliscan dropped the letter “𐌒” and repurposed “𐌊” to represent the
407:
There are remains found in graves, which belong mainly to the period of
Etruscan domination and give ample evidence of material prosperity and refinement. Earlier strata have yielded more primitive remains from the Italic epoch. Many inscriptions with mainly proper names may be regarded as
964:
835:.” This discrepancy likely occurred due to Latin influence. The word “batio” may be a synonym for the Latin word “Battius”, which is found in Roman inscriptions. Unlike other Italic languages, Faliscan never adopted “𐌅”. Instead, it had its own unique sign, “𐋇,” for /f/.
782:
Faliscan inscriptions were typically recorded in a unique
Faliscan alphabet. This alphabet appears in the earliest Faliscan inscriptions; it dates back to the 7th century BCE. It possibly derives from Western Greek alphabets. However, it may also derive from the
1946:"ceres : far metom/metom or metom/metom or metom : *ufuim : pkad or aiad euios : mama zxtos med fiqod/fiqod : prauos urnam : soc porded karai : eqo urnel tela fitai dupes : arcentelom hutiilom : pe:para (por)douiad ["
1299:
The little evidence for the
Faliscan third declension nominative singular indicates that, like Latin, Faliscan third declension words may have been marked by the stems /-ō/, /-ns/, /-ks/, or /-nts/. This declension likely contained the accusative singular form
3011:. In: La variation linguistique dans les langues de l’Italie préromaine. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2011. pp. 155–168. (Collection de la Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen ancien. Série philologique, 45)
1033:” appears in a small number of Faliscan inscriptions. It is unclear if this letter represented a separate phoneme from “𐌔” or if it was exclusively an orthographic difference. It is possible that in some of the inscriptions containing “
803:
phoneme instead. One Early
Faliscan inscription contains the word “eqo,” however “q” likely represents the /g/ phoneme. One, likely Faliscan, inscription engraved on a bronze contains the Latin letter “g.” It contains words such as
787:, which potentially served as an intermediary between the Faliscan and Greek alphabets. Regardless, the ultimate source of the Faliscan alphabet is definitively Greek. During the transition from Greek to Faliscan, the Greek letter “
1313:
was considered by
Italian scholar Gabriella Giacomelli to be one of the primary morphological distinctions between the Faliscan and Latin languages. However, this analysis is contradicted by Dr. Gabriël Bakkum, who notes that
1308:
from an Early
Faliscan inscription, likely derived from Proto-Italic */-fars/. Genitive singular forms for the third declension are also attested in the existing Faliscan corpus; the third declension genitive singular ending
839:, a Greek letter written as “Θ”, was also never formally incorporated into the Faliscan alphabet. However, it appears in a small number of Faliscan inscriptions. When used by the Faliscans, it was typically written like “
1377:
as an accusative singular, it also implies that the text may have adopted Latin characteristics and is therefore not fully reflective of
Faliscan. The genitive singular form of the fourth declension may have been
1994:, University of Amsterdam Press, 2009, p. 1 for estimated number or inscriptions, p. 393ff. for Ceres inscription, and p. 406 for its general acceptance as the oldest example of Faliscan dialect.
1495:
The
Faliscan perfect was distinguished through the perfect stems, unique stems marking the verb as perfect from which the word can be conjugated. In Faliscan, perfect stems can be generated through
644:
and B. D. Joseph offered an explanation. They suggested that while it is documented also in Latin, it is the
Faliscan material that provides a clearer picture of the supposed developments.
827:” were not adapted into Faliscan. It is possible that “β” was never incorporated into Faliscan because the /b/ phoneme was rare in the language and the difference between /b/ and /p/ was
1386:. However, this text may not have been Faliscan, it can be read as a Latin instead. If the text was Faliscan, it may not have reflected the standard rendition of the language; -
1023:” are the standard forms of the letter “s” in Middle and Late Faliscan. It is extremely common for inscriptions to reverse the direction of their letters. In some inscriptions “
3332:
1159:
form as dative, although this likely derives from Latin influence. It is also possible that instead of representing a separate ending, it is merely a unique spelling of the "
3337:
1291:; the Faliscan scholar Dr. Gabriël Bakkum considered these theories to be unsupported by existing evidence, arguing these interpretations are misreading of the text.
1954:"May Ceres extend/accept deserved/honeyed/ground spelt ufuim. Euius Mama Sextus fashioned/made me. Prauius/a-good?-(man) gave the-vase for-(his)-dear girlfriend."
1405:
likely represented either the /-uǐ/ or /-ūǐ/ phonemes. Very little of the Faliscan fifth declension has been identified in the existing Faliscan corpus. The word
961:
The transition from Early Faliscan to Middle Faliscan was accompanied by numerous changes to the Faliscan alphabet. Early Faliscan “A” or “𐌀” was changed into “
926:. These more unique cursive forms may also be cursive variants of “𐌇.” The symbol "𐌇" was also used in Middle and Late Faliscan inscriptions to represent the
910:.” The inscription is possibly Middle Faliscan, however it is written in the Etruscan alphabet, and may be Etruscan. This is similar to an Etruscan letter “
742:'son' ), which in Faliscan affected only a few possible candidate words. The second outcome cannot be explained as a sound change and so they argue it is a
2927:
967:,” a variant with an extended line and a slightly convex upper part. This variant was often confused with the letter “ᚱ.” During this time period, various
252:
1433:
Like the Latin and Sabellic languages, the Faliscan language obeys a four-conjugation system. The first conjugation is attested in Faliscan verbs such as
3078:
766:
831:
irrelevant. However, there are several rare examples of Faliscan inscriptions containing the letter “𐌁.” One Faliscan inscription contains the text “
1052:,” and “𐊄” were used to represent the /t/ phoneme. The basic sign for /l/ was "𐌋," although sometimes a variant with a flattened bottom was used."
883:,” a less common alternative that lacked the line protrusion at the bottom of the letter was used instead. There are rare instances of the variant “
1863:
1573:. These forms indicate that Faliscan had an ē-subjunctive and an ā-subjunctive respectively. The verb "to be" contained subjunctive forms such as
922:." This form appears in two inscriptions. Another example of this letter was found in a Latin inscription painted on the backs of three tiles in
849:
869:
2873:
2155:
2135:
1487:
are attested for in the surviving Faliscan corpus. The Faliscan future tense was seemingly differentiated from the other tenses through the
1074:." The Faliscan letter “𐌏” which represented the “/o/“ phoneme, sometimes has a cursive variant with two open slits at the top and bottom.
2942:
845:.” The Faliscans likely opted for this method of writing the letter to avoid confusion with “𐌏.” This letter possibly represented the
3342:
2918:
1942:
The following Faliscan inscription dates back to the 7th or 6th century BCE and was identified on shards from a vase found in a tomb:
1267:, a remnant of the Proto-Italic form /-om/. Early Faliscan inscriptions often contain the second declension genitive singular ending -
1283:
likely functioned as a genitive singular form. Other Faliscan writings have been theorized to contain the genitive singular endings -
1362:
The Faliscan fourth declension accusative singular is exclusively attested for in a Late Faliscan inscription containing the phrase
1005:." In the Early Faliscan alphabet, "𐌍" was used to represent the /n/ phoneme. However, by Middle and Late Faliscan, the variant "
1643:/-s/ may have been the second-person singular, it is contained with an Early Faliscan document mentioning the subjunctive word
1011:" was utilized. During the transition to Middle Faliscan, the letter “𐤨” was transformed into the larger variant "𐌊.” “𐌔,” “
306:
survive, mostly short and dating from the 7th to the 2nd centuries BC. Some are written from right to left in a variety of the
1899:
Although it contains an almost entirely Faliscan orthography, it still several distinctly non-Faliscan features. Such as the "
1409:, restored from an incomplete Middle Faliscan inscription, may contain the nominative singular ending of the fifth declension.
3071:
2020:
860:. Instead of the standard Etruscan "𐌑," "𐌌" was used in Early Faliscan writings. In Middle and Late Faliscan writings, "
812:.” These unusual spellings likely stem from a Faliscan writer who was uncertain about the proper usage of the letter “g.”
461:
1578:
1382:, deriving from the Proto-Italic genitive ending */-oŭs/. This form is evidenced by a Late Faliscan inscription reading
130:
1503:. Perfect forms may have also been distinguished through a sigmatic aorist. Sigmatic forms possibly appear in the verb
1259:. The ablative form has only been identified in Early Faliscan inscriptions, although it potentially transitioned to -
927:
791:” was transformed into “𐌂.” In some examples of graffiti, the letter is instead spelled like "𐌭." The Greek letter “
1263:
as Faliscan developed. Accusative singular and genitive plural second declension forms are attested with the ending -
1239:, was used to represent the Faliscan second declension nominative plural. It is exclusively attested for in the word
291:
group of the Italic languages. It seems probable that the language persisted, being gradually permeated with Latin,
1065:
515:
942:
3095:
3064:
1698:/-te/ is found in Early Faliscan inscriptions as a potential second-person plural ending in the subjunctive word
1037:” the letter represents the “/z/“ phoneme. However, the usage of this letter may result from Etruscan influence.
877:
Faliscan inscriptions from all time periods utilize “𐌄” as the standard symbol for the /e/ phoneme. Sometimes, “
698:
288:
140:
105:
3242:
936:" is used instead. This shape may be a simplification of "𐌇," or possibly a new symbol inspired by the Latin "
912:
828:
771:
731:
Wallace and Joseph suppose that the first change is a natural sound change that can be seen in many languages (
401:
360:
in some respects than Latin, with the wearing down of final case endings and the obscuring of the etymology of
333:, the genuineness of which is established by the fact that the words were written before the glaze was put on:
2966:
1668:/-d/ is possibly found in Early Faliscan writings as a third-person singular ending in the subjunctive words
1183:
may have existed in the language; this form also appears in a Late Faliscan inscription, but possibly as an
357:
202:
95:
1107:
singular form is exclusively attested in Early Faliscan inscriptions. Early Faliscan probably retained the
227:
3141:
3125:
2080:
1220:
2956:
356:'today I will drink wine; tomorrow I will not have any'. That sample indicates that Faliscan was
3280:
3200:
2914:
1116:
135:
3190:
1468:
may have been a fourth conjugation word, although it is more likely to be a mixed conjugation word.
1456:, were possibly also included within the first conjugation. The second conjugation includes the verb
1346:
from a Late Faliscan inscription. This form resembles the Proto-Indo-European ending /-i-om/ and the
1322:. The archaeological record suggests that the Faliscan third declension may have contained the stem -
1251:
from an Early Faliscan inscription. In the Faliscan second declension, the dative singular form was -
1808:
from a Late Faliscan inscription. The archaeological record indicates that the ending shifted from -
754:
was taking place and awareness of the correct forms was being lost, some speakers started restoring
3248:
1445:
853:
602:
424:
351:
307:
162:
1716:/-nt/ is attested as the third-person plural ending in a Middle Faliscan text containing the word
949:
605:
voiced aspirates in Faliscan, as opposed to the normal Latin rendering, is the appearance of both
3182:
1338:, likely representative of either the /-is/, /-es/, /-eʰ/, /-eˀ/, /-ẹʰ/, or /-ẹˀ/ phonemes. The -
1211:
in later variations of the Faliscan language. Faliscan largely preserved the Proto-Italic form /-
916:,” which was also found in a necropolis near San Antonio. One rare form of the Faliscan “𐌄” is "
416:
3044:
1187:
not necessarily representative of contemporary linguistic developments. Another possible form, -
39:
3300:
3224:
3118:
3108:
3040:
2869:
2151:
1915:
1548:
1480:
1472:
963:
946:." This form is a possibly cursive version of the letter and appears in only one inscription.
784:
427:
by Faliscan settlers. A votive inscription from some of them is found at S. Maria di Falleri.
409:
319:
311:
3008:
2147:
1554:
Early Faliscan writings contain evidence of the future imperative endings /-tōd/ in the word
1398:
has been identified as possessing a dative singular ending of the Faliscan fourth declension;
3347:
3292:
3263:
3259:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3087:
3047:
2143:
1570:
1532:
1207:
as the second declension nominative singular, although this form is largely replaced by to -
1095:. Faliscan and Latin both transitioned their nominative plural forms from the Proto-Italic -
732:
454:
100:
73:
852:
in the few Faliscan inscriptions it appears in. The letter "𐌑," which was also common in
412:
rather than Faliscan; they have been disregarded in the account of the dialect just given.
3312:
3308:
2220:
2077:
1536:
1104:
1088:
1001:," is found in two Faliscan inscriptions. This may be a cursive form of the Latin letter "
393:
268:
87:
3000:
Coleman, Robert. 1986. "The central Italic languages in the period of Roman expansion."
2961:
997:
3304:
3162:
3051:
1143:
with the progression of time, appearing in Middle and Late Faliscan inscriptions. The -
985:
979:
918:
906:
885:
879:
641:
342:
315:
166:
154:
841:
218:
3326:
2922:
2909:
1581:
1496:
1476:
1271:, although Middle and Late Faliscan inscriptions utilize the genitive singular form -
1164:
1128:
195:
1938:"I the-good pitcher of-Voltenus (and) of-the-good Titia. Let-it/he-greet, Voltenus."
1013:
2983:
2980:
Edited by James P. Mallory and Douglas Q. Adams, 314–19. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.
2003:
1816:
during the shift from Early to Middle Faliscan. This shift also occurred in Latin.
1484:
1120:
1108:
923:
775:
743:
397:
280:
2859:
1991:
1155:," which often read " made this grave for ." Late Faliscan inscriptions show the -
1025:
3016:
Italic Verse: A Study of the Poetic Remains of Old Latin, Faliscan, and Sabellic.
2274:
2257:
2224:
1191:, also the ablative singular first declension form in Latin, appears in the word
873:
Ancient Faliscan inscription from a 3rd-2nd century tombs in Contrada, Regoletti.
549:
The assimilation of some final consonants to the initial sound of the next word:
17:
1621:, both of which were found in Middle Faliscan inscriptions. /-m/ is attested in
1148:
1070:
901:
303:
241:
1867:
Latin inscription written in the Faliscan alphabet from Santa Maria di Falleri.
3254:
2230:
1179:/ either way. One singular Early Faliscan inscription suggests that the form -
897:
1231:, likely due to influence from neighboring Osco-Umbrian languages. The form -
856:, was rare in Faliscan writing. It appears in two Faliscan inscriptions from
329:
A specimen of the language appears written around the edge of a picture on a
3157:
2865:
1442:
1347:
1315:
1136:
1007:
991:
973:
954:
862:
857:
846:
211:
179:
3018:
Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck.
953:
Faliscan inscription found on a cup in the Fosso del Ponte delle Tavole by
1416:; it is possibly attested in a Middle Faliscan inscription containing the
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1019:
932:
186:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3130:
1519:
1184:
420:
3037:
Palaeohispanica: revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua
2931:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 148.
1914:
pitcher dating back to the 7th century BCE. The original text contained
1223:. However, there is at least one—possibly three—examples of the ending -
435:
Here are some of the phonetic characteristics of the Faliscan language:
3195:
3152:
1911:
1723:
The ending /-nd/ is found in an incomplete Early Faliscan inscription.
968:
893:
323:
276:
272:
3030:
Italic, Latin, Italian, 600 B.C. to A.D. 1260: Texts and commentaries.
2976:
Adams, Douglas Q., and James P. Mallory. 1997. "Italic languages." In
1613:/-ō/ as the first-person singular ending is attested in words such as
1872:
1523:
1488:
1417:
1228:
1029:” is used instead. This likely occurs due to a writing error. Greek “
890:
388:), Italian: “oggi berrò il vino, domani farò senza”, was made over a
330:
249:
2884:
326:, usually taken to be the oldest example, is written left to right.
3056:
3296:
3113:
2908:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1876:
1657:/-t/ appears as the third-person singular ending in verbs such as
1543:
identified in an Early Faliscan inscription—and possibly the word
836:
765:
389:
284:
65:
54:
1625:, the first-person singular active indicative form of the verb "
248:
Faliscan is an Extinct language according to the criteria of the
2861:
The Latin dialect of the Ager Faliscus: 150 years of scholarship
1992:
The Latin dialect of the Ager Faliscus: 150 years of scholarship
1373:. Although this direct translation makes certain the reading of
1139:. However, like Latin, it is possible that this form shifted to
1034:
1030:
824:
820:
816:
796:
792:
788:
672:
3060:
1304:; another neuter accusative singular form is found in the word
1930:"eco quto(n)e uotenosio titias duenom duenas salued uoltene."
1926:
If it were written with word separation the text would read:
1464:, and the fourth conjugation is largely unattested. The word
1412:
The fifth declension ablative singular ending may have been -
1518:, may have been perfect forms that lost their reduplicative
746:
form caused by the other development. While the change from
1390:
was possibly an uncommon ending compared to a hypothetical
1334:
as their nominative plural and the genitive singular form -
1127:. Early and Middle Faliscan terms in the first declension
601:
The question of irregular, unexpected developments of the
1275:. In one Middle Faliscan inscription containing the word
1151:
singular; it appears in sepulchral inscriptions such as "
1002:
937:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2672:
2670:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2500:
2498:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
1569:—found in Early Faliscan texts—may be first conjugation
2092:
Rex E. Wallace and Brian D. Joseph "On the Problematic
1247:
also appears as a vocative singular ending in the word
1243:, found in a Middle Faliscan inscription. This ending—-
1119:. Later forms of the Faliscan language likely lost the
957:. The inscription is considered to be incomprehensible.
2813:
2811:
1665:, both of which were found in Middle Faliscan texts.
1460:, the third conjugation is attested in words such as
1318:
and Faliscan both shared the genitive singular form -
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1068:" phoneme. It has rare alternatives such as "Ρ" or "
314:, but they show some traces of the influence of the
3273:
3235:
3140:
3094:
1922:"ecoqutoeuotenosiotitiasduenomduenassalueduoltene:"
1087:Like Latin, words of the Faliscan first declension
697:'a kind of bean' < *bhabo- (cited by grammarian
209:
193:
177:
172:
151:
123:
84:
72:
60:
49:
32:
1910:Another Faliscan inscription was identified on an
1796:from a Middle Faliscan inscription. The endings -
758:even when it was not etymologically appropriate.
1800:, pronounced /-ēt/ is also attested in the word
1491:/-f/, it appears in the second conjugation word
2276:Introduction to the Study of Latin Inscriptions
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1881:
1535:within the Faliscan language are attested; the
1064:." The letter “𐌐” was typically used for the "
392:red figure vase found in Penna's Necropolis of
2993:Clackson, James, and Geoffrey Horrocks. 2007.
1871:The following Faliscan text was engraved on a
1203:Early Faliscan inscriptions utilize the form -
904:one inscription contains the cursive variant “
571:
551:
520:
497:
478:
448:
362:
335:
233:Map of Italy showing where Faliscan was spoken
3072:
3023:The tongues of Italy: Prehistory and history.
1342:stem genitive plural is attested in the word
8:
2995:The Blackwell history of the Latin language.
1471:Faliscan verbs were conjugated according to
495:, at least before certain following sounds (
1539:ending /-te/ is evidenced through the word
579:
563:
528:
505:
378:
370:
3333:Languages attested from the 7th century BC
3079:
3065:
3057:
2978:The encyclopedia of Indo-European culture.
1733:
1593:
1369:, a direct equivalent of the Latin phrase
1135:, the same genitive singular form used in
1006:
719:'today' Middle Faliscan < *gho:d d(i)ed
240:
226:
38:
29:
2256:Petrie, William Matthew Flinders (1912).
1804:from a Middle Faliscan text and the word
625:< Proto-Indo-European *dheh₁-lyo- and
3002:Transactions of the Philological Society
2140:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
1862:
1175:, deriving from the Proto-Italic form /-
948:
868:
402:Etruscan National Museum of Villa Giulia
368:"today", which is more obvious in Latin
253:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3338:Languages extinct in the 2nd century BC
1964:
1792:from an Early Faliscan inscription and
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2747:
2726:
2705:
2688:
2676:
2661:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2605:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2412:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2294:
2243:
2206:
2187:
2175:
2148:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.325
2121:
2109:
1978:
1058:" has various other forms, including "
2841:
2829:
2817:
1330:stem words may have used the ending -
1040:Throughout all of Faliscan history, “
7:
2279:. American Book Company. p. 24.
2262:. Macmillan and Company. p. 13.
1852:from an Early Faliscan inscription.
1195:from a Middle Faliscan inscription.
800:
778:, written in the Faliscan alphabet.
637:< Proto-Indo-European *ghey-ke.
472:into some sound, denoted merely by
3052:10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.373
2883:Brien, Donald (January 14, 2021).
1758:from an Early Faliscan inscription
725:'here' Late Faliscan < *ghey-ke
25:
3035:Rigobianco, Luca. "Falisco". In:
3032:Heidelberg, West Germany: Winter.
1326:as a nominative singular. These -
1235:, likely representing the vowel -
795:” was transformed into “𐌊” and “
613:as reflexes of *bh/*dh and *gh:
3039:n. 20 (2020): pp. 299–333.
2901:
2886:Faliscan Inscriptions 2021-01-14
2273:Egbert, James Chidester (1923).
2056:Proto-Indo-European *bher- >
1215:/ while it was syncopated into -
1069:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1024:
1018:
1012:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
971:forms of “𐌀" emerged, such as "
962:
941:
931:
930:phoneme, In some inscriptions, “
917:
911:
905:
884:
878:
861:
840:
514:The retention with Latin of the
2021:"ETRU National Etruscan Museum"
1227:appearing in inscriptions from
1123:, the ending instead becoming -
940:." Another variant of "𐌇" is "
3266:, transitional or independent)
1255:and the ablative singular was
457:may be Proto-Latino-Faliscan);
347:hodie vinum bibam, cras carebo
1:
2259:The Formation of the Alphabet
1590:Primary and secondary endings
1147:form is also found used as a
1091:singular primarily ended in -
337:foied vino pipafo, cra carefo
2967:Resources in other libraries
1547:, from an Early Faliscan or
1358:Fourth and Fifth Declensions
1115:, which comes directly from
565:praetor de senatus sententia
553:pretod de zenatuo sententiad
322:of c. 600 BC, found in
3307:; Latin is still used as a
2134:Penney, John (2015-07-06),
2096:Variation in Faliscan " in
691:(gentilicium) Late Faliscan
685:(gentilicium) Late Faliscan
423:, was named probably after
64:Southern Etruria (Northern
3364:
3299:(and its descendants, the
2229:. Vol. 1 – via
1889:zenatuo·sententiad·uootum
1603:Faliscan secondary ending
1577:, likely derived from the
1163:" sound. First declension
386:foied uino pafo cra carefo
3343:Latino-Faliscan languages
3289:
2988:The foundations of Latin.
2962:Resources in your library
1892:dedet·cuando·datu·rected
1886:la·cotena·la·f·pretod·de
1448:verbs, such as the words
1437:, a cognate of the Latin
1384:de | zenatuo · sententiad
699:Quintus Terentius Scaurus
443:, which Latin changed to
289:Latino-Faliscan languages
239:
225:
37:
2858:Bakkum, Gabriël (2009).
1788:, attested in the words
1600:Faliscan primary ending
1167:singular may have been -
1153:larise: mar||cna: citiai
770:Faliscan Inscription of
468:followed by consonantal
439:The retention of medial
275:, who lived in Southern
44:Faliscan red-figure vase
3133:? (possibly not Italic)
3014:Mercado, Angelo. 2012.
2928:Encyclopædia Britannica
2226:Encyclopædia Britannica
1848:, attested in the word
1754:, attested in the word
1499:, such as in the verbs
1131:singular often end in -
1103:. The first declension
585:, an archaic genitive).
572:
552:
521:
498:
479:
476:, the central sound of
449:
400:, now is conservate at
363:
336:
3021:Pulgram, Ernst. 1968.
2997:Malden, MA: Blackwell.
2915:Conway, Robert Seymour
2064:, pregnant cow: Varro
1956:
1950:Translated, it reads:
1948:
1940:
1934:Translated, it means:
1932:
1924:
1897:
1868:
1522:or descended from old
1221:Osco-Umbrian languages
958:
874:
779:
580:
564:
529:
506:
379:
371:
346:
293:until at least 150 BC.
3281:Proto-Italic language
2219:Giles, Peter (1911).
1875:tablet fastened with
1866:
1514:Other words, such as
1507:, a synonym of Latin
952:
872:
769:
665:(son) Middle Faliscan
141:Proto-Latino-Faliscan
3025:New York: Greenwood.
3009:La variante falisque
2136:"alphabets of Italy"
2100:LXIX 1991 pp. 84–93.
1990:G. C. L. M. Bakkum,
1501:fifiked and pe⁝parai
1475:, although only the
995:.” Another letter, "
866:" was used instead.
425:their native goddess
318:. An inscription to
3309:liturgical language
3251:? (possibly Celtic)
3007:Hadas-Lebel, Jean.
3004:84, no. 1: 100–131.
2990:Berlin: de Gruyter.
2868:: Vossiuspers UvA.
2793:, pp. 494–495.
2519:, pp. 126–127.
2246:, pp. 552–553.
1883:"menerua· sacru
1579:Proto-Indo-European
815:The Greek letters “
675:) Middle Faliscan (
603:Proto-Indo-European
310:, derived from the
308:Old Italic alphabet
131:Proto-Indo-European
2068:II 5, 6; *ghaydo-
1916:no word separation
1869:
959:
875:
780:
534:, compare Umbrian
491:The loss of final
384:).The iscrptions (
3320:
3319:
3301:Romance languages
3119:Romance languages
2948:Faliscan language
2943:Library resources
2875:978-90-5629-562-2
2157:978-0-19-938113-5
2083:excerpta p. 84 M.
1856:
1855:
1727:
1726:
1371:magistratum keset
1199:Second declension
785:Etruscan alphabet
738:'son' from Latin
679:is also attested)
453:/fefaked/ in the
358:less conservative
355:
312:Etruscan alphabet
302:An estimated 355
265:Faliscan language
261:
260:
18:Faliscan alphabet
16:(Redirected from
3355:
3293:Italic languages
3088:Italic languages
3081:
3074:
3067:
3058:
2932:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2890:
2879:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2751:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2665:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2025:www.museoetru.it
2017:
2011:
2010:, p. 312, b
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1734:
1672:and potentially
1594:
1295:Third declension
1121:vowel elongation
1083:First declension
1073:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
966:
945:
935:
921:
915:
909:
888:
882:
865:
854:Etruscan writing
844:
583:
575:
567:
555:
532:
524:
509:
501:
482:
455:Praeneste fibula
452:
382:
374:
366:
350:
339:
294:
287:, it formed the
283:. Together with
255:
244:
230:
221:
205:
189:
182:
157:
90:
80:
42:
30:
21:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3313:Catholic Church
3285:
3269:
3243:Ancient Belgian
3231:
3136:
3096:Latino-Faliscan
3090:
3085:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2937:Further reading
2913:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2754:
2746:
2733:
2725:
2712:
2704:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:, pp. 383.
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2008:Italic Dialects
2002:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1966:
1961:
1861:
1737:Ending meaning
1732:
1597:Ending meaning
1592:
1431:
1360:
1297:
1201:
1085:
1080:
896:found near the
829:morphologically
764:
617:'daughter' and
599:
433:
394:Falerii Veteres
300:
292:
271:of the ancient
269:Italic language
267:is the extinct
257:
256:
247:
235:
234:
217:
201:
198:
185:
178:
167:Latin alphabets
158:
153:
147:
126:
119:
106:Latino-Faliscan
91:
88:Language family
86:
78:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3205:Umbrian group
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:Chisholm, Hugh
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2880:
2874:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2807:
2805:, p. 495.
2795:
2783:
2781:, p. 160.
2771:
2769:, p. 159.
2752:
2750:, p. 158.
2731:
2729:, p. 157.
2710:
2708:, p. 156.
2693:
2691:, p. 155.
2681:
2679:, p. 146.
2666:
2664:, p. 147.
2649:
2647:, p. 144.
2637:
2635:, p. 143.
2625:
2623:, p. 145.
2610:
2608:, p. 141.
2593:
2591:, p. 142.
2581:
2579:, p. 132.
2569:
2567:, p. 131.
2557:
2555:, p. 130.
2545:
2543:, p. 129.
2533:
2531:, p. 127.
2521:
2509:
2507:, p. 128.
2494:
2492:, p. 126.
2482:
2480:, p. 125.
2470:
2468:, p. 122.
2458:
2456:, p. 121.
2446:
2444:, p. 120.
2434:
2432:, p. 123.
2417:
2415:, p. 124.
2400:
2398:, p. 118.
2388:
2386:, p. 387.
2376:
2364:
2362:, p. 530.
2352:
2350:, p. 588.
2340:
2338:, p. 524.
2328:
2326:, p. 510.
2316:
2314:, p. 385.
2299:
2297:, p. 386.
2282:
2265:
2248:
2236:
2211:
2209:, p. 384.
2192:
2190:, p. 498.
2180:
2178:, p. 381.
2168:
2156:
2126:
2124:, p. 377.
2114:
2112:, p. 376.
2102:
2085:
2049:
2036:
2012:
1996:
1983:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1430:
1427:
1359:
1356:
1296:
1293:
1200:
1197:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
763:
760:
729:
728:
727:
726:
720:
704:
703:
702:
692:
686:
680:
666:
642:Rex E. Wallace
621:'son' = Latin
598:
588:
587:
586:
547:
512:
489:
462:palatalization
458:
432:
429:
316:Latin alphabet
299:
296:
259:
258:
246:
245:
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
215:
207:
206:
199:
194:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
173:Language codes
170:
169:
159:
155:Writing system
152:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
143:
129:
127:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
94:
92:
85:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:Native to
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3360:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:Reconstructed
3272:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Praenestinian
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:Baldi, Philip
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2910:public domain
2899:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2844:, p. 60.
2843:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:De re rustica
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:Perfect stem
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:Perfect stems
1729:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:and possibly
1701:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:optative mood
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:reduplication
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:future tenses
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:, the ending
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
989:," "𐌡," or "
987:
981:
975:
970:
965:
956:
951:
947:
944:
939:
934:
929:
925:
920:
914:
908:
903:
899:
895:
892:
887:
881:
871:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
848:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
777:
773:
768:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
712:
709:for expected
708:
705:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
670:
667:
664:
661:
660:
658:
655:for expected
654:
651:
650:
649:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
576:
574:
568:
566:
561:321) = Latin
560:
556:
554:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
531:
525:
523:
517:
513:
510:
508:
502:
500:
494:
490:
487:
483:
481:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
451:
446:
442:
438:
437:
436:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
375:
373:
367:
365:
359:
353:
348:
344:
340:
338:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
254:
251:
243:
238:
229:
224:
220:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
197:
196:Linguist List
192:
188:
184:
181:
176:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
150:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:
128:
122:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:Indo-European
93:
89:
83:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3262:? (possibly
3201:South Picene
3149:Oscan group
3142:Osco-Umbrian
3103:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2977:
2957:Online books
2947:
2926:
2885:
2860:
2852:Bibliography
2837:
2832:, p. 5.
2825:
2820:, p. 4.
2798:
2786:
2774:
2684:
2640:
2628:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2275:
2268:
2258:
2251:
2239:
2225:
2214:
2183:
2171:
2161:, retrieved
2139:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:p. 335.
2044:
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2007:
2004:R. S. Conway
1999:
1986:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:. It reads:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1870:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1585:
1574:
1571:subjunctives
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1117:Proto-Italic
1112:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1039:
960:
876:
832:
814:
809:
805:
781:
776:Tiber Valley
755:
751:
747:
744:hypercorrect
739:
735:
730:
722:
716:
710:
706:
701:as Faliscan)
694:
688:
682:
676:
668:
662:
656:
652:
646:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
595:
591:
578:
570:
562:
558:
550:
543:
539:
535:
527:
519:
504:
496:
492:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
444:
440:
434:
415:The town of
414:
406:
398:Tiber Valley
385:
377:
369:
361:
334:
328:
304:inscriptions
301:
281:Tiber Valley
264:
262:
210:
136:Proto-Italic
110:
79:about 150 BC
3191:Pre-Samnite
3158:Marrucinian
2803:Bakkum 2009
2791:Bakkum 2009
2779:Bakkum 2009
2767:Bakkum 2009
2748:Bakkum 2009
2727:Bakkum 2009
2706:Bakkum 2009
2689:Bakkum 2009
2677:Bakkum 2009
2662:Bakkum 2009
2645:Bakkum 2009
2633:Bakkum 2009
2621:Bakkum 2009
2606:Bakkum 2009
2589:Bakkum 2009
2577:Bakkum 2009
2565:Bakkum 2009
2553:Bakkum 2009
2541:Bakkum 2009
2529:Bakkum 2009
2517:Bakkum 2009
2505:Bakkum 2009
2490:Bakkum 2009
2478:Bakkum 2009
2466:Bakkum 2009
2454:Bakkum 2009
2442:Bakkum 2009
2430:Bakkum 2009
2413:Bakkum 2009
2396:Bakkum 2009
2384:Bakkum 2009
2372:Bakkum 2009
2360:Bakkum 2009
2348:Bakkum 2009
2336:Bakkum 2009
2324:Bakkum 2009
2312:Bakkum 2009
2295:Bakkum 2009
2244:Bakkum 2009
2207:Bakkum 2009
2188:Bakkum 2009
2176:Bakkum 2009
2122:Bakkum 2009
2110:Bakkum 2009
1979:Conway 1911
1859:Sample text
902:San Antonio
810:gondecorant
673:gentilicium
629:'here' and
590:Problem of
516:labiovelars
125:Early forms
3327:Categories
3303:) are now
3249:Lusitanian
3168:Paelignian
3028:--. 1978.
2842:Brien 2021
2830:Brien 2021
2818:Brien 2021
2231:Wikisource
2221:"Alphabet"
2163:2024-02-01
2030:2024-07-28
1959:References
1895:cuncaptum"
1561:The words
1537:imperative
1531:Different
1401:the form -
1375:macistratu
1364:macistratu
1105:accusative
1089:nominative
1078:Declension
898:necropolis
833:Tito batio
161:Faliscan,
3255:Oenotrian
3183:Vestinian
3045:1578-5386
2917:(1911). "
2866:Amsterdam
1776:he/she/it
1653:he/she/it
1446:laryngeal
1443:Athematic
1394:The word
1348:Old Latin
1316:Old Latin
1137:Old Latin
1111:version -
1109:elongated
955:Corchiano
858:Corchiano
847:allophone
806:gonlegium
640:In 1991,
559:lib. cit.
557:(Conway,
450:FHEFHAKED
431:Phonology
404:in Rome.
212:Glottolog
180:ISO 639-3
3225:Volscian
3178:Sidicini
3153:Hernican
3131:Siculian
3109:Lanuvian
3104:Faliscan
2986:. 2002.
2043:Conway,
1756:pe⁝parai
1556:saluetod
1549:Etruscan
1541:saluete—
1520:syllable
1185:archaism
1165:ablative
1129:genitive
1017:,” and “
823:,” and “
762:Alphabet
689:holcosio
633:= Latin
581:senatuos
526:= Latin
503:= Latin
421:Sardinia
410:Etruscan
219:fali1291
163:Etruscan
111:Faliscan
53:ancient
33:Faliscan
27:Language
3348:Falisci
3311:of the
3305:extinct
3295:except
3260:Venetic
3236:Unknown
3220:Umbrian
3215:Marsian
3209:Aequian
3173:Samnite
2925:(ed.).
2919:Falisci
2912::
2895:Sources
2076:, goat
1912:impasto
1850:fifiqod
1790:fifiked
1674:pramed.
1524:aorists
1493:carefo.
1481:perfect
1477:present
1462:fifiked
1458:salueto
1344:ịcinatu
1249:uoltene
1219:in the
969:cursive
894:strigil
808:” and “
733:Spanish
573:zenatuo
486:fo-died
484:, from
417:Feronia
380:hoc die
354:
324:Falerii
277:Etruria
273:Falisci
74:Extinct
3264:Celtic
3196:Sabine
3043:
2945:about
2921:". In
2906:
2872:
2154:
2098:Glotta
2078:Paulus
1905:uootum
1903:" in "
1877:rivets
1873:bronze
1831:you pl
1767:you sg
1718:cupant
1700:tulate
1692:you pl
1670:douiad
1637:you sg
1619:carefo
1615:pipafo
1567:douiad
1563:pramed
1509:gessit
1489:suffix
1483:, and
1466:douiad
1454:pipafo
1450:porded
1418:adverb
1396:mercui
1350:form -
1229:Capena
1149:dative
891:bronze
772:Foglia
740:filium
683:hirmio
677:firmio
669:hirmia
623:filius
530:quando
522:cuando
376:(from
331:patera
298:Corpus
250:UNESCO
165:, and
101:Italic
61:Region
3297:Latin
3163:Oscan
3114:Latin
2081:Festi
2074:hedus
2070:fedus
2062:forda
2058:horda
1806:keset
1802:facet
1794:faced
1704:seite
1663:lecet
1659:cupat
1645:tulas
1627:to be
1575:seite
1551:text.
1545:urate
1533:moods
1516:faced
1505:keset
1473:tense
1439:cubat
1435:cupat
1421:foied
1367:keset
1287:and -
1277:cicoi
924:Ardea
837:Theta
717:foied
663:hileo
619:hileo
615:filea
480:foied
419:, in
390:kylix
372:hodie
364:foied
343:Latin
320:Ceres
285:Latin
66:Lazio
55:Italy
3291:All
3041:ISSN
2870:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2072:for
2060:for
1846:o-nd
1840:they
1812:to -
1712:they
1661:and
1623:esum
1617:and
1565:and
1452:and
1429:Verb
1407:dies
1392:-ōs.
1269:osio
1241:lete
1193:ifra
1171:or -
1099:to -
1046:,” “
977:," "
819:,” “
736:hijo
695:haba
609:and
594:and
577:for
507:cras
460:The
352:lit.
263:The
3048:doi
2144:doi
2094:f/h
2045:ib.
1907:."
1629:."
1388:uos
1380:uos
1352:iom
1306:far
1289:oio
1281:-oi
1257:-od
1141:-ai
1066:/p/
928:/h/
900:by
850:/t/
801:/g/
774:at
750:to
635:hic
631:hec
536:pan
499:cra
464:of
396:at
279:at
203:xfa
187:xfa
3329::
2864:.
2810:^
2755:^
2734:^
2713:^
2696:^
2669:^
2652:^
2613:^
2596:^
2497:^
2420:^
2403:^
2302:^
2285:^
2223:.
2195:^
2150:,
2142:,
2138:,
2023:.
2006:,
1967:^
1901:oo
1822:we
1814:et
1810:ed
1798:et
1752:ai
1720:.
1706:.
1681:we
1647:.
1479:,
1441:.
1414:ed
1403:ui
1354:.
1332:es
1320:os
1311:os
1302:em
1285:io
1265:om
1253:oi
1245:e—
1225:io
1217:io
1213:os
1205:os
1181:ad
1177:ād
1169:ad
1161:ae
1145:ai
1133:as
1125:am
1113:ām
1101:aῐ
1097:ās
983:,"
723:fe
713::
659::
627:fe
546:);
511:);
474:i-
349:,
345::
341:,
3315:.
3245:?
3211:?
3185:?
3080:e
3073:t
3066:v
3050::
2889:.
2878:.
2233:.
2146::
2033:.
1981:.
1844:-
1786:d
1784:-
1782:e
1780:-
1760:.
1750:-
1746:I
1609:I
1584:.
1558:.
1526:.
1511:.
1423:.
1378:-
1340:i
1336:e
1328:i
1324:i
1309:-
1300:-
1273:i
1261:o
1237:ē
1233:e
1209:o
1189:a
1173:a
1157:a
1093:a
1035:ζ
1031:ζ
1003:a
938:H
825:δ
821:Θ
817:β
804:“
797:ϙ
793:κ
789:γ
756:f
752:h
748:f
711:h
707:f
671:(
657:f
653:h
611:f
607:h
596:h
592:f
569:(
544:u
542:)
540:n
538:(
518:(
493:s
488:;
470:i
466:d
447:(
445:b
441:f
68:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
